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Journal articles on the topic "Invasive mosquitoes"
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Drakou, Katerina, Thessalia Nikolaou, Marlen Vasquez, Dusan Petric, Antonios Michaelakis, Apostolos Kapranas, Athina Papatheodoulou, and Maria Koliou. "The Effect of Weather Variables on Mosquito Activity: A Snapshot of the Main Point of Entry of Cyprus." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041403.
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Mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens, causing human and animal diseases. Their ability to adapt and expand worldwide increases spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Climate changes contribute in enhancing these “epidemic conditions”. Understanding the effect of weather variables on mosquito seasonality and host searching activity contributes towards risk control of the mosquito-borne disease outbreaks. To enable early detection of Aedes invasive species we developed a surveillance network for both invasive and native mosquitoes at the main point of entry for the first time in Cyprus. Mosquito sampling was carried out for one year (May 2017–June 2018), at bimonthly intervals around Limassol port. Morphological and molecular identification confirmed the presence of 5 species in the study region: Culex. pipiens, Aedes detritus, Ae. caspius, Culiseta longiareolata and Cs. annulata. No invasive Aedes mosquito species were detected. The Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression were used to compare number of sampled mosquitoes and weather variables for three most numerous species (Cx. pipiens, Ae. detritus and Ae. caspius). The population densities of the most numerous species were highest from February to April. Number of Cx. pipiens (−0.48), Ae. detritus (−0.40) and Ae. caspius (−0.38) specimens sampled was negatively correlated with average daily temperature. Monthly relative humidity showed positive correlation with the numbers of the species sampled, Cx. pipiens (0.66) Ae. detritus (0.68), and Ae. caspius (0.71). Mosquito abundance of Cx. pipiens (0.97) and Ae. detritus (0.98) was strongly correlated to seasonal precipitation as well. Our work is a stepping stone to further stimulate implementation of International Health Regulations and implementation of early warning surveillance system for detection of invasive Aedes mosquitoes, native mosquitoes and arboviruses they may transmit. A network for the surveillance of both invasive and native mosquito species at the main point of entry for the first time in Cyprus was developed. Number of mosquitoes sampled was correlated with weather factors to identify parameters that might predict mosquito activity and species distribution to the prevention of international spread of vector mosquitoes and vector-borne diseases.
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Wilke, André B. B., Chalmers Vasquez, Augusto Carvajal, Maday Moreno, William D. Petrie, and John C. Beier. "Mosquito surveillance in maritime entry ports in Miami-Dade County, Florida to increase preparedness and allow the early detection of invasive mosquito species." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 15, 2022): e0267224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267224.
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Invasive mosquito vector species have been inadvertently transported to new areas by humans for decades. Strong evidence supports that monitoring maritime, terrestrial, and aerial points of entry is an essential part of the effort to curb the invasion and establishment of invasive vector mosquito species. Miami-Dade County, Florida is an important operational hub for the cruise ship industry and leisure boats that routinely visit nearby areas in the Caribbean, and freight cargo ships transporting goods from Miami-Dade to Caribbean countries and vice versa. To deal with the increasing public health concern, we hypothesized that mosquito surveillance in small- and medium-sized maritime ports of entry in Miami-Dade is crucial to allow the early detection of invasive mosquito species. Therefore, we have selected 12 small- and medium-sized maritime ports of entry in Miami-Dade County with an increased flow of people and commodities that were not covered by the current mosquito surveillance system. Collection sites were comprised of two distinct environments, four marinas with international traffic of leisure boats, and eight maintenance and commercial freight cargo ship ports. Mosquitoes were collected weekly at each of the 12 collection sites for 24 hours for 6 weeks in the Spring and then for 6 additional weeks in the Summer using BG-Sentinel traps. A total of 32,590 mosquitoes were collected, with Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti being the most abundant species totaling 19,987 and 11,247 specimens collected, respectively. Our results show that important mosquito vector species were present in great numbers in all of the 12 maritime ports of entry surveyed during this study. The relative abundance of Cx. quinquefasciatus and Ae. aegypti was substantially higher in the commercial freight cargo ship ports than in the marinas. These results indicate that even though both areas are conducive for the proliferation of vector mosquitoes, the port area in the Miami River is especially suitable for the proliferation of vector mosquitoes. Therefore, this potentially allows the establishment of invasive mosquito species inadvertently brought in by cargo freights.
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Kalan, Katja, Jana Šušnjar, Jure Jugovic, and Vladimir Ivović. "Pilot Study of Invasive Mosquito Species Control in Selected Slovenian Municipalities." Acta Veterinaria 72, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 256–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/acve-2022-0020.
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Abstract To reduce the population of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) (Diptera: Culicidae), a mosquito control campaign was organized by five Slovenian municipalities in 2020. The campaign focused on the application of Aquatain AMFTM in public water containers. The main objective of our study was to test the efficacy of the agent by directly testing the water drains for mosquito larvae and monitoring the density of the mosquito population. The drains were inspected before and after the application of the product from May to September. A water sample was taken from the drains using a dipper. For mosquito monitoring, the number of mosquito eggs and adult mosquitoes was counted from June to October. Up to two weeks after the application of the product, we observed the lethal effect of Aquatain on mosquito larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes. After rainfall, the product was washed away and the live mosquitoes were sampled in the inspected water drains. The average number of eggs collected per site was twice as high in the area without mosquito control as in the threated locations. Nevertheless, we assessed the mosquito control campaign as partially successful, as mosquito abundance was still high in the locations with mosquito control. However, we believe that this is a good starting point and that mosquito control should be continued in the future together with the citizen education campaign.
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Gallegos, Dylan C., Stacy Rodriguez, Immo Hansen, and Kathryn Hanley. "2610. A Deadly Intrusion: Competitive Strain Displacement among Dengue Virus Strains in Sri lanka." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S907—S908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2288.
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Abstract Background Mosquito-borne dengue virus (DENV), the agent of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), is genetically diverse, and new strains regularly invade distant locations and displace existing strains. Invasive strains often cause higher rates of DHF than displaced strains, so it is critical to identify the mechanisms that enable invasion. We tested the hypothesis that invasive strains are less susceptible to RNA interference (RNAi), the major antiviral defense in mosquitoes, than displaced strains. Methods We knocked-down (KD) RNAi in vivo in Aedes aegypti, the DENV vector, by injecting mosquitoes with double-stranded RNA against Argonaute 2 (Ago2), a key enzyme in the RNAi pathway, or a control dsRNA. Ago2 KD and control mosquitoes were fed bloodmeals containing 1 of 3 isolates each of 3 different strains of DENV that had undergone sequential competitive displacement in Sri Lanka, termed, in order of displacement, Pre-DHF, Post-DHF and Ultra-DHF. We predicted that the Pre-DHF strain, which we have previously shown to be less infectious for mosquitoes than the other two strains, would show a greater increase in infectivity than those strains. Engorged mosquitoes were incubated for 10 days, homogenized, and assayed for virus. Results Ago2 KD efficiency ranged from 79% to 98%, as determined by semi-quantitative PCR and band densitometry. The percentage of mosquitoes infected following Ago2 vs. control KD was not significantly different (33% vs. 47%; paired t-test, DF = 8, P = 0.08). However, among infected mosquitoes, virus titer was significantly higher in Ago2 KD mosquitoes (3.98 vs. 3.38 log10 plaque forming units/body; t-test, DF = 14, P = 0.02). Contra our prediction, a two-factor ANOVA did not reveal a significant interaction between the effect of virus strain and treatment (DF = 5, P = 0.58), indicating that Pre-DHF viruses did not show a larger response to Ago2 KD than Post and Ultra-DHF viruses. Conclusion These data support the role of RNAi as a key mosquito defense against virus replication in mosquitoes but indicate that the differences in competitive success among the 3 DENV strains studied are not due to differences in interactions with Ago2 during initial stages of mosquito infection. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Tsecouras, Julie, William Walton, Roselyn Schimerlik, and Lee W. Cohnstaedt. "Continuing the Role of the Citizen Scientist." American Biology Teacher 84, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2022.84.4.195.
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New introductions to invasive mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, increase the risk for vector-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika in the United States. Tracking these new introductions is more important than ever. This lesson plan focuses on the collection of mosquito larvae and pupae before the onset of summer with a focus on insect development. Students will observe the immature mosquitoes grow and metamorphose into adults. Novel aspects include collecting larvae and pupae around the home/school, observing the mosquito life cycle by safely rearing them from immature stages (larvae and pupae) to adults, and learning important background information on mosquito biology and pathogens that mosquitoes can transmit. The lesson describes new tools to use with the Invasive Mosquito Project, an international citizen science–based mosquito surveillance program exploring mosquitoes and the pathogens they may transmit to interested community members (including students and teachers) and their companion animals. This project is a stand-alone or follow-up lesson plan to the mosquito egg collection lesson used prior to the onset of winter (see Cohnstaedt et al., 2016). Students are able to participate in a hands-on tutorial to build a sealed emergence chamber to safely raise mosquitoes. Long-term data sets can also be used by teachers and students for further classroom discussions on the risks of mosquito-borne illnesses nationwide. This lesson further focuses on how individuals must play an active role in protecting their communities and pets from illness and increasing awareness of the dangerous pathogens mosquitoes can transmit and the importance of mosquito management. Materials from this lesson plan (available at http://www.citizenscience.us) can be adapted for each classroom but are best-suited for middle school to high school classes, as well as Advanced Placement classes.
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Touray, M. G., A. Warburg, A. Laughinghouse, A. U. Krettli, and L. H. Miller. "Developmentally regulated infectivity of malaria sporozoites for mosquito salivary glands and the vertebrate host." Journal of Experimental Medicine 175, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1607–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.175.6.1607.
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Sporozoites are an invasive stage of the malaria parasite in both the mosquito vector and the vertebrate host. We developed an in vivo assay for mosquito salivary gland invasion by preparing Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites from infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes under physiological conditions and inoculating them into uninfected female Ae. aegypti. Sporozoites from mature oocysts were isolated from mosquito abdomens 10 or 11 d after an infective blood meal. Salivary gland sporozoites were isolated 13 or 14 d after an infective blood meal. Purified oocyst sporozoites that were inoculated into uninfected female mosquitoes invaded their salivary glands. Using the same assay system, sporozoites derived from salivary glands did not reinvade the salivary glands after inoculation. Conversely, as few as 10 to 50 salivary gland sporozoites induced infection in chickens, while only 2 of 10 chickens inoculated with 5,000 oocyst sporozoites were infected. Both sporozoite populations were found to express a circumsporozoite protein on the sporozoite surface as determined by immunofluorescence assay and circumsporozoite precipitation test using a circumsporozoite protein-specific monoclonal antibody. We conclude that molecules other than this circumsporozoite protein may be responsible for the differential invasion of mosquito salivary glands or infection of the vertebrate host.
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Cvetkovikj, Aleksandar, Igor Djadjovski, Kiril Krstevski, Zagorka Popova, Ljubica Rashikj, Kristina Atanasova, Iskra Cvetkovikj, and Jovana Stefanovska. "New Records of the Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) in North Macedonia." Macedonian Veterinary Review 43, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0025.
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AbstractAedes albopictus is an invasive mosquito species spreading throughout Europe and its presence in North Macedonia was recorded in 2016. Following the first detection in September 2018, we conducted a two-week mosquito monitoring by ovitraps in order to determine if there were established populations of Aedes albopictus in Skopje, the capital of North Macedonia. Ninety-four Ae. albopictus eggs (0 to 18 eggs per ovitrap per week) were collected from 7 (14%) ovitraps in 3 (30%) municipalities. Thirty-eight eggs (40.4%) successfully hatched and the adult mosquitoes were identified by morphology and PCR. No other potentially invasive species were identified during the monitoring period. Ae. albopictus distribution is expanding and poses a risk for an Aedes-borne disease transmission in North Macedonia. The available data highlight the need for a regular monitoring for tiger mosquitoes to plan adequate control measures.
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Nanfack-Minkeu, Ferdinand, Alexander Delong, Moses Luri, and Jelmer W. Poelstra. "Invasive Aedes japonicus Mosquitoes Dominate the Aedes Fauna Collected with Gravid Traps in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA." Insects 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects14010056.
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Aedes japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae), or the Asian rock pool mosquito, is an invasive mosquito in Europe and America. It was first detected outside of Asia in 1990 in Oceania. It has since expanded to North America and Europe in 1998 and 2000, respectively. Even though it is classified as a secondary vector of pathogens, it is competent to several arboviruses and filarial worms, and it is contributing to the transmission of La Crosse virus (LACV) and West Nile virus (WNV). In this study, CDC light, BG-sentinel, and gravid traps were used to collect mosquitoes between June and October 2021, in Wooster, Northeastern Ohio, USA. Morphological identification or/and Sanger sequencing were performed to identify the collected mosquitoes. Our results revealed that (adult) Ae. japonicus mosquitoes were the most abundant mosquito species collected with gravid traps in Wooster in 2021, confirming its establishment in Ohio. Molecular analyses of Ae. japonicus showed 100% nucleotide similarity with Ae. japonicus collected in Iowa (USA) and Canada, suggesting multiple introductions. Its presence may increase the risk of future arbovirus outbreaks in Wooster, Ohio. This study stresses the importance of actively monitoring the density and distribution of all members of the Ae. japonicus complex.
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Montalvo, Tomas, Agustin Higueros, Andrea Valsecchi, Elisenda Realp, Cristina Vila, Alejandro Ortiz, Víctor Peracho, and Jordi Figuerola. "Effectiveness of the Modification of Sewers to Reduce the Reproduction of Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus in Barcelona, Spain." Pathogens 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11040423.
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Mosquitoes breeding in urban sewage infrastructure are both a source of nuisance to the local population and a public health risk, given that biting mosquitoes can transmit pathogenic organisms to humans. The increasing presence of the invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus in European cities has further exacerbated the problems already caused by native Culex pipiens. We tested the effectiveness of modifications to sewage structures as an alternative to the use of biocides to prevent mosquito breeding. The placing of a layer of concrete at the bottom of sand sewers to prevent water accumulation completely eliminated mosquito reproduction, and so eliminates the need for biocides in modified structures. Sewer modification is thus a valid low-cost alternative for mosquito control.
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Patyka, T. I., and M. V. Patyka. "Bacillus thuringiensis spp. israelensis and Control of Aedes aegypti Invasive Mosquitoes Species in Ecosystems." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 82, no. 5 (October 17, 2020): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj82.05.088.
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The review presents materials on microbiocontrol of vector mosquitoes using entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. israelensis (Bti). Control of invasive ectoparasites is a major health issue, as mosquito species are capable of transmitting diseases, including extremely dangerous human and animal infections (malaria, tularemia, yellow fever, hemorrhagic fevers, dengue fever, taiga (or tickborne) encephalitis, filariasis, Ku fever, cattle anaplasmosis and many other infections and invasions). Bti is considered worldwide as a promising microbial agent that combines targeted efficacy in protective measures and environmental safety. The study of the effect of Bti δ-endotoxins on the intestinal epithelium of Aedes genus mosquitoes, search and characterization of specific receptors are extremely important for understanding the mechanism of action and activity of entomocidal proteins, the basis of the pathogenic effect of polytypic B. thuringiensis. Synergism, a combination of selective larvicidal action of natural Bti strains in combination with strategies of resistance emergence preventing demonstrate a wide range of possibilities of their use and unique evolutionary features of this endospore-forming bacterium as a modern larvicidal agent against Aedes aegypti population.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Invasive mosquitoes"
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Kesavaraju, Banugopan Juliano Steven A. "Behavioral interactions between predator and prey and their influence on an invasive species in container habitats." Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1390287471&SrchMode=1&sid=4&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1202751489&clientId=43838.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 2007.Title from title page screen, viewed on February 11, 2008. Dissertation Committee: Steven A. Juliano (chair), Diane L. Byers, L. Philip Lounibos, Charles F. Thompson, William L. Perry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-163) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Brustolin, Marco. "Autochthonous and invasive mosquitoes of Catalonia as vectors of zoonotic arboviruses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392744.
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Las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos (ETM) son una creciente preocupación para la salud pública mundial. El aumento de las actividades humanas a escala internacional y el calentamiento global han permitido la rápida difusión y establecimiento de las especies invasoras de mosquitos en nuevas áreas geográficas. Además, la globalización facilita la introducción de arbovirus exóticos en áreas naïve, donde el mosquito está presente, incrementando la probabilidad de los brotes de ETM.
Los brotes de ETM, especialmente aquellos causados por arbovirus como el virus del Dengue, el virus del Zika, el virus de la fiebre del valle del Rift (VFVR) o el virus de la fiebre del Nilo Occidental (VFNO), tienen graves consecuencias para la salud pública y/o veterinaria. Las pérdidas económicas debidas a las ETM zoonóticas pueden comprometer severamente la economía del país afectado. Este aspecto es particularmente relevante en los países en desarrollo, donde enfermedades como la fiebre del valle del Rift pueden provocar la muerte de un número extremadamente elevado de animales, tanto domésticos como salvajes. Por estos motivos, es necesario adquirir un profundo conocimiento de las especies de mosquito presentes en un país y cuáles de ellas pueden ser vectores de los distintos agentes patógenos, con el fin de realizar eficientes planes de vigilancia y controles entomológicos.
La presente tesis está dividida en tres partes y cada una de ellas está subdividida en capítulos.
La primera parte se compone de dos apartados: Chapter 1 General Introduction y Chapter 2 Objectives. El objetivo de esta primera parte es ofrecer una visión general sobre la importancia de las ETM, el rol de los vectores y el concepto de competencia vectorial. Además se proporciona una descripción del VFNO y del VFVR. A continuación, se exponen los objetivos de la tesis. Hasta ahora se desconoce la dinámica poblacional y la estructura genética de la especie invasora Aedes albopictus en España.
Además, no se ha realizado ningún estudio de competencia vectorial de poblaciones españolas de Cx. pipiens y Ae. albopictus para arbovirus zoonóticos (VFNO y VFVR).
El objetivo de esta tesis fue investigar estos dos puntos.
La segunda parte está formada por tres capítulos. Cada uno es un estudio original, cuyo objetivo es responder a las preguntas propuestas en el segundo capítulo.
En el primer estudio (Chapter 3) se analizó la estructura genética de Ae. albopictus en España usando distintas técnicas de análisis genético. En base a los resultados obtenidos se formularon dos hipótesis para explicar la introducción y la difusión de esta especie en el país. Además, se realizó un estudio sobre la dispersión global de Ae. albopictus. Los resultados confirman la importancia de las actividades humanas en la dispersión local y global de Ae. albopictus.
El segundo y el tercer estudio (respectivamente, Chapter 4 y Chapter 5) se demostró que las especies Cx. pipiens y Ae. albopictus de España son vectores competentes para VFNO y VFVR. En ambos estudios se demostró también la importancia de usar temperaturas variables durante el periodo extrínseco de incubación. Los resultados indican que la utilización de temperaturas variables permite estimar con más precisión la competencia vectorial. Además, se utilizaron distintos métodos para la detección de partículas virales en la saliva de los mosquitos infectados.
La tercera parte incluye Chapter 6- General discussion y Chapter 7- Conclusions. En esta parte, se discutieron todos los resultados, se propusieron futuros estudios y se enumeraron las conclusiones.
Al final de cada capítulo, se han enumerados todas las referencias usadas.Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are an increasing global public health concern. The increase of international human activities and the global warming, have allowed the rapid spread and establishment of invasive mosquito species in new geographical areas. Moreover, the globalization also cause the introduction of exotic arboviruses in naïve areas where the mosquito vector is present, enhancing MBDs outbreaks. The outbreaks of MBDs, especially those caused by arbovirus like Dengue virus, Zika virus (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) or West Nile virus (WNV), have severe consequences for public and/or veterinary health. The economic losses linked to the zoonotic MBDs can severely compromise the economy of the affected country. This is particularly relevant in the developing countries, where diseases such as Rift Valley fever can provoke the death of a huge number of domestic and wild animals. For these reasons a deep knowledge of which mosquito species are present in a country and which of them are competent vectors of different pathogen agents is needed in order to set up appropriate surveillance programs and entomological control strategies. The present thesis is divided in three parts and each one is further divided in chapters. The first part consists of two sections: Chapter 1- General Introduction and Chapter 2- Objectives. The aim of this first part is to give a general overview on the importance of MBDs, the role of the vectors and the concept of vector competence. The descriptions of WNV and RVFV are also provided. Afterwards, the objectives of the thesis are exposed. So far, the population dynamics and the genetic structure of invasive Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito, were unknown in Spain. Moreover, no studies on the vector competence of Spanish populations of Culex pipiens and Ae. albopictus for zoonotic arboviruses (WNV and RVFV) have been performed until now. The aim of the present thesis is to clarify all these points. The second part is formed by three chapters. Each of them is an original study aimed to answer the objectives. In the first study (Chapter 3), the genetic structure of Ae. albopictus in Spain has been analyzed with the use of different genetic tools. Based on the results obtained, two different hypotheses have been postulated to explain the introduction and the spread of this species across the country. Moreover, a global analysis about the worldwide spread of Ae. albopictus has been performed. The results of both analyses confirmed the importance of human activities for the local and global dispersion of Ae. albopictus. The second and third studies (Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, respectively), demonstrated how Spanish Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus are competent vectors for WNV and RVFV. In both studies the importance of using variable cycling temperature during the extrinsic period of incubation have been verified. The results suggested that variable cycling temperature allows to estimate a more realistic vector competence. Moreover, different approaches have been used for the detection of viral particles in the saliva of infected mosquitoes. The third includes Chapter 6- General discussion and Chapter 7- Conclusions. In this part all the findings are discussed, further studies are proposed and the major conclusions are detailed. At the end of each chapter all the references used are listed.
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Zadra, Nicola. "Genome-scaled molecular clock studies of invasive mosquitoes and other organisms of societal relevance." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/351463.
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Molecular dating (or molecular clock) is a powerful technique that uses the mutation rate of biomolecules to estimate divergence times among organisms. In the last two decades, the theory behind the molecular clock has been intensively developed, and it is now possible to employ sophisticated evolutionary models on genome-scaled datasets in a Bayesian framework. The molecular clock has been successfully applied to virtually all types of organisms and molecules to estimate timing of speciation, timing of gene duplications, and generation times: this knowledge allows contextualizing past and present events in the light of (paleo)ecological scenarios. Molecular clock studies are routinely used in evolutionary and ecological studies, but their use in applied fields such as agricultural and medical entomology is still scarce in particular because of a paucity of genome data. Genome-scaled clocks have been successfully applied, for example, to various model organisms such as Anopheles and Drosophila, as well as to invasive mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Many other invasive pests are emerging worldwide aided by global trade, increased connectivity among countries, lack of prevention, and flawed invasive species management. Among them, there is Aedes koreicus and Aedes japonicus, two invasive mosquito species which are monitored for public health concerns because of their harboured human pathogenic viruses. For these, as well as for other insects of societal relevance, such as the parasitoid Trissolcus japonicus, there is a paucity of gene markers and no genome data for large scale molecular clock studies. Invasive pests are typically studied using microevolutionary approaches that tackle events at an intraspecific level: these approaches provide important information for the pest management, for example, by revealing invasion routes and insecticide resistances. Approaches that tackle the deep-time evolution of the pest, such as the molecular clock, are instead less used in pest science. Many important traits associated with invasiveness have evolved by speciation over a long time frame: the molecular clock can reveal the paleo-ecological conditions that favoured these traits helping a better understanding of pest biology. Molecular clock, when coupled with phylogenomics, can further identify genes and patterns that characterize the pest: this knowledge can be used to enhance management practices. Although this is a data-driven thesis, its major aim is to provide new results to demonstrate the utility of the molecular clock in pest science. This has been done by systematically apply the molecular clock to various neglected organisms of medical and agricultural relevance. To this aim, I generated new genome data and/or assembled the largest genome-scaled data to date. I studied the molecular clock in mosquitoes, focusing on the Aedini radiation (Chapter 2) and identified a strong incongruence between the mitochondrial and nuclear phylogeny for what concerns their molecular clock. This result highlighted the importance of employing genome scaled data for these species to exclude stochastic effects due to poor/inaccurate sampling in clock studies. To tackle the absence of data, I further assembled the whole mitogenome of emerging invasive species Aedes koreicus and Aedes japonicus with the aim of producing useful data for molecular typing and of inferring divergence estimates using whole mitogenomes (Chapter 3). Dated phylogenies point toward more recent diversification of Aedini and Culicini compared to estimates from previous works, addressing the issue of taxon sampling sensitivity in dated phylogeny. Although it is possible to perform molecular clock studies on single/few gene markers, the current trend is to couple this methodology with genome-scaled datasets to reduce the stochastic effect of using few genes. For this reason, I sequenced the draft genome of A. koreicus and A. japonicus (Chapter 4). The assemblies were extremely fragmented, highlighting the problem of sequencing large genomes using short reads. The assemblies provided, however enough information for genome skimming allowing extraction of BUSCO genes for downstream analyses, whole mitogenome assemblies (used in Chapter 3), and characterisation of the associated metagenome. These data need to be integrated by long reads; it provides, however a first framework to investigate the genome evolution of these species. I further sequenced and assembled the genome of Trissolcus japonicus, the parasitoid wasp of the invasive pest Halyomorpha halys. To elucidate its divergence, estimate and define an intraspecific typing system to differentiate strains for biocontrol strategies, I reconstructed the mitochondrial genomes of two populations: the mitogenomes were surprisingly identical, suggesting that they belong to the same de facto population. I further provide a detailed clock investigation of Zika, a virus harboured and transmitted by some Aedes species (Chapter 5). Using the largest set of genomes to date, I could set the origin of ZIKV in the middle age and its first diversification in the mid-19th century. From a methodological point of view, the clocking of this virus highlighted the importance of checking for recombination and for cell-passages to obtain correct divergence estimates. I finally show my contributions to molecular clock studies of three other invasive species (Chapter 6): I helped disentangle the divergence times of Bactrocera, a genus of invasive fruit files pest of agriculture; I contributed in performing a phylogenomics study of opsin genes in Diptera; I used chloroplast and nuclear genome data to reconstruct the divergences of the invasive reed Arundo. In the various Chapters of my thesis, I highlighted the limits and the problems of current molecular clock methodologies and identified the best practices for different types of organisms in order to develop a cross-discipline understanding of the molecular clock techniques. The various results presented in this thesis further demonstrate the utility of the molecular clock approach in pest studies.
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Marcantonio, Matteo [Verfasser], Birgit [Akademischer Betreuer] Kleinschmit, Birgit [Gutachter] Kleinschmit, and Chris [Gutachter] Barker. "Environmental modelling and spatial ecology with focus on invasive Aedes mosquitoes and emergent mosquito-borne pathogens / Matteo Marcantonio ; Gutachter: Birgit Kleinschmit, Chris Barker ; Betreuer: Birgit Kleinschmit." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/115627107X/34.
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Ingrassia, Amanda. "Larval competition between the native treehole mosquito Ochlerotatus triseriatus and the invasive mosquito Ochlerotatus japonicus using natural diets." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Boudreaux, Michelle. "Native and Invasive Competitors of the Eastern Oyster Crassostrea Virginica in Mosquito Lagoon, Florida." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4051.
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Populations of Crassostrea virginica within Mosquito Lagoon, Florida have recently undergone significant die-offs, which are a subject of major concern. Restoration efforts within Mosquito Lagoon are focusing on reconstructing the three-dimensional reef habitats. Before effective protocols can be established, however, important questions about the sources of juvenile and adult oyster mortality must be answered. Potential causes of Crassostrea virginica mortality in the Indian River Lagoon system include sediment loads, competition, predation, and disease. My research focused on the interactions between oysters and the competitors that may affect the settlement, growth, and survival of Crassostrea virginica. The four objectives of my thesis research were to: 1) identify potential oyster competitors in Mosquito Lagoon, 2) determine if the sessile species recruiting to oyster shells have changed over time, 3) determine how the dominant competitors, barnacles, affect oyster settlement, growth and survival, and 4) determine if oyster or barnacle larvae are better able to settle in increased sediment and flow conditions that are associated with high levels of recreational boating. Lift nets were deployed within Mosquito Lagoon to determine available competing species. I collected species inventory data at six sites to determine the sessile invertebrate species (competitors) present on oyster reefs. Nets were deployed intertidally, just above mean low water, on living oyster reefs. One and a half liters of live and dead oysters were placed within the nets upon deployment. The nets were picked up monthly and surveyed for all fauna. Upon retrieval, all oysters within each net were brought back to the lab where all sessile organisms were immediately identified and returned to the lagoon. This survey began June 2004 and continued for one year. Shells from historic shell middens (up to 15,000 years old) were examined to determine if the sessile species settling on oyster reefs have changed over time. Similar species were found on both shells of historic and extant reefs. One notable exception was the appearance of Balanus amphitrite, an invasive barnacle, on the extant reefs. Balanus amphitrite is thought to have invaded Mosquito Lagoon approximately 100 years ago. This has resulted in a five fold increase in barnacle abundance per oyster shell. Balanus spp. were identified as important potential competitors and thus my research focused on spatial competition between C. virginica and native versus invasive barnacles of the area. Over 300 barnacles, including a native species, Balanus eburneus, and an invasive, Balanus amphitrite, have been counted on a single oyster shell. To determine how Balanus spp. affected settlement, growth, and survivorship of C. virginica, laboratory and field experiments were conducted in which densities of Balanus amphitrite and Balanus eburneus were manipulated. Density treatments included: no barnacles (control), low, medium, and high coverage of barnacles. Laboratory settlement trials with cultured oyster larvae were run in still water and flow (recirculating flume) using all barnacle density treatments. Additionally, all treatments with 7-day oyster spat were deployed in the field to follow oyster spat growth and survivorship. Settlement was counted by microscopy, and growth and survivorship were measured every 3 days for 4 weeks. Settlement of oysters was affected by barnacle presence only in flowing water. Still water trials showed no oyster preference related to any barnacle density or species. The presence of barnacles affected the growth and survivorship of oyster spat. However, there were no species specific differences. Studies suggest that recreational boating activities, especially boat wakes that cause sediment resuspension, may decrease recruitment and this may then provide an advantage to sessile competitors less affected by flow and sediment loads. To address these issues, replicated laboratory trials were run in a laboratory flume to quantify the effects of water motion (0, 5, 10 cm/s) and sediment loads (0, 8, 16 g/ml) on oyster recruitment and the recruitment of an important, relatively new competitor in the system, the barnacle Balanus amphitrite. If B. amphitrite settles in a wider variety of flow rates and sediment conditions, it may have a competitive advantage over the native oyster in this space-limited habitat. I found that high flow and sediment loads reduced larval settlement of C. virginica. Alternatively, settlement of cyprids of B. amphitrite did not differ among treatments. Thus, continuous boat traffic during settlement times should favor recruitment of the invasive barnacle Balanus amphitrite over the native oyster Crassostrea virginica. Determination of the competitive interactions of Crassostrea virginica in Mosquito Lagoon gives us important insights into the ecological conditions necessary for reestablishment of these oyster populations. Crassostrea virginica in Mosquito Lagoon was significantly impacted by barnacles; settlement, growth, and survivorship were all reduced by Balanus spp. This information will help resource managers in planning restoration techniques to minimize oyster and barnacle competitive interactions and increase Crassostrea virgininca success.M.S.
Department of Biology
Arts and Sciences
Biology
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Crain, Philip R. "Putting theory into practice: Predicting the invasion and stability of Wolbachia using simulation models and empirical studies." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/entomology_etds/2.
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A new strategy to fight mosquito-borne disease is based on infections of the maternally-transmitted, intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis. Estimates predict that Wolbachia infects nearly half of all insect species, as well as other arthropods and some nematodes. Wolbachia manipulates the reproduction of its host to promote infection, most commonly causing a form of conditional sterility known as cytoplasmic incompatibility. Generally, Wolbachia infections are benign and do not inflict significant costs upon its host. However, studies demonstrate that some infections are associated with substantial costs to its host. These same infections can also induce pathogen interference and decrease vector competency of important disease vectors. Theory predicts that organisms that incur costs relative to conspecifics are less competitive and their competitive exclusion is expected. In the case of Wolbachia, the bacterium can influence reproduction such that phenotypes with lower fitness may still reach fixation in natural populations.
In this dissertation, I describe theoretical and empirical experiments that aim to understand the invasion and stability of Wolbachia infections that impose costs on their host. Particular attention is paid to immature insect lifestages, which have been previously marginalized. These results are discussed in relation to ongoing vector control strategies that would use Wolbachia to manipulate vector populations. Specifically, I discuss the cost of novel Wolbachia infections in Aedespolynesiensis, which decreases larval survival and overall fitness relative to wild-type mosquitoes. Then, a theoretical framework was developed to determine the significance of reductions in larval viability in relation to the population replacement disease control strategy. Further theoretical studies determined that Wolbachia infections, once established, resist re-invasion by uninfected individuals despite relatively high costs associated with infection so long as the infection produces reproductive manipulations. Additional studies determined that larvae hatched from old eggs experience reduced survival in mosquito strains with novel Wolbachia infections when compared to the wild-type. To validate the theoretical studies, model predictions were tested empirically to determine the importance of the larval viability. Finally, a COPAS PLUS machine was evaluated and its role in understanding early larval development in mosquitoes is discussed. The importance of integrated research in disease control is highlighted.
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Ciocchetta, Silvia. "The vector potential of the mosquito Aedes koreicus." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/119157/1/Silvia%20Ciocchetta%20Thesis.pdf.
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Despite the recent establishment and spread of Aedes koreicus mosquitoes in Europe, its natural history and its potential public health impact remain poorly described. This thesis provides the first detailed insights into the biology of Aedes koreicus and its capacity to transmit arboviral diseases. Field work in Italy evaluated a variety of surveillance techniques for this species and its propensity to bite humans. A laboratory colony established in Australia was used to characterise its reproductive biology and its ability to transmit chikungunya virus. The findings help us understand the invasion risks and the public health threat posed by Aedes koreicus
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Sherpa, Stéphanie. "Histoire de la colonisation et déterminants du succès invasif des populations du moustique tigre Aedes albopictus en Europe." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV049.
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Le moustique tigre, Aedes albopictus, originaire d’Asie du Sud-Est, a colonisé l’ensemble des continents excepté l’Antarctique depuis les dernières décennies. En revanche, les raisons du succès invasif des populations à l’échelle mondiale sont encore peu connues. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur l’invasion de l’Europe, et avons combiné différentes méthodes d’analyse et des données multi-sources afin de distinguer le rôle des processus historiques et contemporains, neutres et adaptatifs, dans la structuration de la variabilité génétique des populations invasives. L’analyse de la variabilité génétique de 1000 individus appartenant à 150 populations invasives et natives a révélé trois introductions indépendantes en Europe (en Albanie, au Nord de l’Italie, et au Centre de l’Italie), à partir des Etats-Unis (aire envahie) et de la Chine (aire native). Les populations initialement introduites ont constitué des centres de dispersion en Europe et les voies de migration corrèlent avec la géographie des transports humains. Différents évènements d’admixture au moment de l’introduction ou durant l’expansion subséquente, ainsi qu’une forte connectivité des populations, ont favorisé le maintien d’une forte diversité génétique. Des adaptations au froid préexistantes dans l’aire native de l’espèce et un fort conservatisme de niche entre les populations introduites et leurs sources suggèrent que les populations introduites étaient déjà pré-adaptées pour coloniser les environnements tempérés de l’Europe. Néanmoins, des changements de fréquences alléliques le long des gradients environnementaux en Europe suggèrent également une réponse adaptative après l’introduction. Le potentiel adaptatif des populations, ainsi que la dispersion longue distance assistée par l’homme, ont favorisé l’expansion rapide en Europe. Bien que souvent négligée dans le contexte des invasions biologiques, la dispersion naturelle semble également jouer un rôle dans l’expansion des populations à l’échelle du paysage. L’étude des caractéristiques démo-génétiques des populations invasives et des caractéristiques environnementales de l’aire envahie en Europe a permis d’identifier les processus favorisant deux étapes clés du processus d’invasion: l’établissement et l’expansionThe Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is native to Southeast Asia and has colonized all continents but Antarctica in the last decades. However, the factors determining the invasive success of populations at the global scale remain to be elucidated. Focusing on the European invasion, we used a comprehensive framework and multi-source data for distinguishing the role of historical and contemporary processes, both neutral and adaptive, in structuring the genetic variability of invasive populations. Examining the genetic variability of 1,000 individuals from 150 invasive and native populations revealed three independent introduction events in Europe (in Albania, North Italy, and Central Italy), from the United States (previously invaded area) and from China (native range). Primary introduced populations constituted dispersal centers for the colonization of Europe, and migration routes correlate with the geography of human transportation networks. Several admixture events either during introduction or subsequent expansion, as well as high connectivity between invasive populations, promoted the maintenance of high levels of genetic diversity. Pre-existing cold adaptation within the native range of the species and niche conservatism between introduced populations and their sources suggest that these populations were already prepared for establishing under temperate European climate. Nonetheless, shifts in allele frequencies along environmental gradients within Europe suggest post-introduction adaptive changes. The adaptive potential of populations and long-distance human-aided dispersal facilitated the rapid expansion of populations. Although often neglected in the context of biological invasions, natural dispersal at the landscape scale further contributed to range filling in range edge populations. The study of the demo-genetic and environmental characteristics of the European invasion allows a better understanding of processes at play during two key stages of the invasion process: establishment and expansion
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Medley, Kimberly. "Dispersal, Gene Flow, and Adaptive Evolution During Invasion: Testing Range-Limit Theory with the Asian Tiger Mosquito." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5435.
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Understanding the factors that make non-native species successful invaders is an important step towards mitigating spread. At the same time, species invasions can serve as natural experiments to test range-limit theory. Range-limit theory postulates declines in local abundance (abundant center model) and genetic diversity (central-peripheral hypothesis) towards range edges because of underlying environmental gradients. Such declines constrain adaptation to marginal habitats via gene swamping. However, broader evolutionary theory predicts intermediate rates of immigration into range-edge populations can relieve genetic drift and improve adaptive potential. I tested hypotheses generated from theory while illuminating aspects affecting of the invasion of the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus Skuse) into the US. Using reciprocal distribution modeling, I found US populations occupied significantly different climate and habitat than in their native range (SE Asia). Most inconsistencies were found in the northern US range, where Ae. albopictus has recently crept northward, providing an opportunity to test range-limit theory as the range reaches its limit. Because of its limited natural dispersal ability, rapid spread after the 1985 US introduction pointed to human-aided dispersal. I tested the current role of human-aided versus natural dispersal using a landscape genetics framework, and found that natural dispersal dominated current patterns. Some distant localities were highly genetically similar, indicating potential human-aided transport in limited cases. Asymmetric gene flow from core to edge localities supported the abundant center model, but uniformly high genetic diversity contrasted with the central-marginal hypothesis. I detected a significant signature of local adaptation by overwintering diapause-induced eggs in multiple field sites using reciprocal transplants. Surprisingly, most genotypes from throughout the range produced large offspring when overwintered at the range edge. Relative offspring mass between home and away winters peaked at an intermediate immigration rate. These results show that rapid adaptation has occurred in US populations of Ae. albopictus and highlight the potential for further spread. Genetic admixture from multiple introductions may explain high genetic diversity throughout the US range and contribute to high offspring size for all genotypes overwintered at the range edge. Finally, my work highlights the need for a better understanding of contemporary ecological and evolutionary processes leading to range-limits (or expansion) to more accurately reflect processes occurring in a human-dominated world.Ph.D.
Doctorate
Biology
Sciences
Conservation Biology; Ecology and Organismal Biology
Books on the topic "Invasive mosquitoes"
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Little, Eliza Anastazia Hazel. The influence of climate and socio-ecological factors on invasive mosquito vectors in the Northeastern US: Assessing risk of local arboviral transmission. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2017.
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Simberloff, Daniel. Invasive Species. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199922017.001.0001.
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Invasive species come in all sizes, from plant pathogens like the chestnut blight in eastern North America, to the red imported fire ant that has spread throughout the South, the predatory Indian mongoose now found in the Caribbean and Hawaii, and the huge Burmese python populating the Florida swamps. And while many invasive species are safe and even beneficial, the more harmful varieties cost the world economy billions of dollars annually, devastate agriculture, spread painful and even lethal diseases, and otherwise diminish our quality of life in myriad surprising ways. In Invasive Species: What Everyone Needs to Know, award-winning biologist Daniel Simberloff offers a wide-ranging and informative survey that sheds light on virtually every aspect of these biological invaders. Filled with case studies of an astonishing array of invasive species, the book covers such topics as how humans introduce these species-sometimes inadvertently, but often deliberately-the areas that have suffered the most biological invasions, the methods we use to keep our borders safe, the policies we currently have in place to manage these species, and future prospects for controlling their spread. An eminent ecologist, Simberloff analyzes the direct and indirect impacts of invasive species on various ecosystems, such as when non-native species out-compete native species for food or light, describes how invasive species (such as the Asian mosquito that is a vector for West Nile virus, itself an invasive species) transmit pathogens, and explains his acclaimed theory of "invasional meltdown" in which two or more introduced species combine to produce a far more devastating impact than any one of them would have caused alone. The book also discusses the more controversial issues surrounding invasive species and it concludes with suggested readings and a list of related web sites.
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Department of Defense. Mosquito and the Colossus: Operation Just Cause Through the Eyes of General Manuel Antonio Noriega - History of Panama, Canal, 1989 American Military Invasion, General Omar Torrijos. Independently Published, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Invasive mosquitoes"
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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Mosquitoes Invasion in Big Cities." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1707. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_4761.
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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "Mosquitoes Invasion in Big Cities." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_4761-1.
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Tagaris, E., R. E. P. Sotiropoulou, A. Sotiropoulos, I. Spanos, P. Milonas, and A. Michaelakis. "Climate Change Impact on the Establishment of the Invasive Mosquito Species (IMS)." In Perspectives on Atmospheric Sciences, 689–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-35095-0_98.
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Barceló, Carlos, Valeria Blanda, Antonio del Castillo-Remiro, Alexandra Chaskopoulou, C. Roxanne Connelly, Lara Ferrero-Gómez, Francesco La Russa, et al. "10. Surveillance of invasive mosquito species in islands with focus on potential vectors of zoonotic diseases." In Ecology and Control of Vector-borne Diseases, 179–207. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-931-2_10.
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Strickman, Daniel. "Invasive Mosquito Species and Potential Introductions." In Mosquitoes, Communities, and Public Health in Texas, 307–15. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814545-6.00010-9.
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M. Claborn, David, Sapana Subedi Chowi, Matthew Flint, and Clement Acheampong. "Survey for a Vector of Zika Virus and Two Other Mosquito Species in Four Ecoregions of Missouri: An A Posteriori Analysis." In Viral Outbreaks [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94499.
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In 2015, Zika emerged as a vector-borne disease in the Americas, causing a variety of health issues ranging from Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults to microcephaly in newborns. Following the documentation of mosquito-borne transmission of the disease in the southern United States, the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services contracted with researchers at Missouri State University to complete a survey of possible mosquito vectors of the Zika in the state. The primary vector of the disease, Aedes aegypti, had been reported from Missouri in previous surveys from several decades ago, but a comprehensive survey of the state mosquitoes and never been completed. Researchers focused on mosquitoes that spend the immature stages in artificial containers because this is descriptive of the most important Zika vectors. The large survey over three years provided an opportunity for post hoc analysis of mosquito occurrence data across a variety of ecoregions inside the state, documenting changes in the vector populations as a result of invasive species. The survey also allowed an analysis of different trapping techniques for important species in the state. The results are reported in this chapter along with a discussion of the potential impact on human health of changes to the mosquito population.
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"Aedes albopictus Skuse (Asian tiger mosquito)." In A Handbook of Global Freshwater Invasive Species, 149–60. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203127230-22.
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Kaba, Lansiné. "Archers, Musketeers, and Mosquitoes: The Moroccan Invasion of the Sudan and the Songhay Resistance (1591–1612)." In African Military History, 101–19. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315263212-5.
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Kumar Ghosh, Susanta, and Chaitali Ghosh. "New Challenges in Malaria Elimination." In Current Topics and Emerging Issues in Malaria Elimination. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96532.
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In recent years, efforts to eliminate malaria has gained a tremendous momentum, and many countries have achieved this goal — but it has faced many challenges. Recent COVID-19 pandemic has compounded the challenges due to cessation of many on-field operations. Accordingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) has advocated to all malaria-endemic countries to continue the malaria elimination operations following the renewed protocols. The recent reports of artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum followed by indication of chloroquine resistance in P. vivax, and reduced susceptibility of synthetic pyrethroids used in long lasting insecticide nets are some issues hindering the elimination efforts. Moreover, long distance night migration of vector mosquitoes in sub-Saharan Africa and invasion of Asian vector Anopheles stephensi in many countries including Africa and Southeast Asia have added to the problems. In addition, deletion of histidine rich protein 2 and 3 (Pfhrp2/3) genes in P. falciparum in many countries has opened new vistas to be addressed for point-of-care diagnosis of this parasite. It is needed to revisit the strategies adopted by those countries have made malaria elimination possible even in difficult situations. Strengthening surveillance and larval source management are the main strategies for successful elimination of malaria. New technologies like Aptamar, and artificial intelligence and machine learning would prove very useful in addressing many ongoing issues related to malaria elimination.
Conference papers on the topic "Invasive mosquitoes"
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Martinou, Angeliki F., Katerina Athanasiou, and Kevin Shawcross. "Monitoring for Native and Invasive Mosquitoes at the Limassol Port in Cyprus." In Public Health Congress on Maritime Transport and Ports. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/msf2022013021.
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Frolova, A. I. "RANGE OF DIAGNOSTIC CONCENTRATIONS FROM DIFFERENT GROUPS OF INSECTICIDES IN RELATION TO INVASIVE SPECIES OF MOSQUITOES OF THE GENUS AEDES." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-82.
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Data on the susceptibility to insecticides of various structures in mosquito larvae of Aedes albopictus that is a vector of arboviral fevers are given. Diagnostic concentrations of insecticides for the detection of insecticide resistance in Ae. albopictus populations from different districts of the Russia Black Sea coast of the Caucasus are calculated.
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Bega, A. G., A. V. Moskaev, and M. I. Gordeev. "Distribution of invasive species of mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) and A. aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) in the south of the European part of Russia." In XI Всероссийский диптерологический симпозиум (с международным участием). Санкт-Петербург: Русское энтомологическое общество, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47640/978-5-00105-586-0_2020_50.
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Papathanos, Philippos A. "Engineering invasive Y chromosomes for mosquito control." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94868.
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Bargielowski, Irka E. "Satyrization and satyrization-resitance in competitive displacements of invasive mosquito species." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.108796.
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Parsons, Kevin D., Timothy Kassis, and J. Brandon Dixon. "Design of an In Vitro Migration Chamber for Quantifying the Homing Patterns of Parasitic Worms." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80711.
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Lymphatic filariasis, a parasitic disease often resulting in severe lymphatic dysfunction and lymphedema, is perpetuated by an invasion of worms, delivered through mosquito bites, that reside, mature, and reproduce in the human lymphatic system. The disease cycle begins with stage 3 larvae (L3) leaving the mosquito and penetrating the dermal layer of the human while the mosquito is feeding where it eventually makes its way to a collecting lymphatic vessel where it resides for its adult life (up to 10 years) [1]. While many infected individuals will remain asymptomatic, a subset of patients will develop reconstruction of the tissue structure and the extreme swelling of the arms, legs, genitals and/or breasts. This elephantiasis occurs in over 10 million people worldwide and has a harsh negative effect on the infected individual’s ability to work and function in society.
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Michaelakis, Antonios. "The risk of new invasive mosquito species in southeast Europe: Current state and future risk maps." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113442.
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Andreadis, Theodore G. "Morphological and molecular characterization of a novel microsporidian parasite from the invasive Asian rock pool mosquito,Aedes japonicus." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.111597.
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Poudel, Biswas, and Istemi B. Ozsoy. "Finite Element Analysis of the Critical Buckling Load in Hollow Microneedles With Lateral Support." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-94699.
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Abstract Hollow microneedles provide minimum invasion to the skin and painless drug and vaccine delivery. However, there is a risk of fracture due to insufficient mechanical strength. The strength of microneedles might be increased by mimicking the bite of a mosquito. A mosquito has a proboscis that consists of a long needle (fascicle) surrounded by a protective sheath (labium). This sheath (labium) folds back as the fascicle pierces the skin, which provides lateral support to the fascicle. The lateral support increases the force that can be applied at the tip of the needle without buckling. In this study, the effect of lateral support on the buckling strength of a hollow microneedle made of chitin is analyzed numerically by using ABAQUS Finite Element Analysis software. The needle is modeled as a slender rod subjected to non-conservative (Beck) and conservative Euler loads simultaneously at the end. For a prescribed Beck load, the critical Euler load for buckling is obtained for various lateral elastic foundation stiffnesses. It is shown that the results of this computational study agree well with the analytical solution found in the literature. In addition, a three-dimensional finite element model is considered to study the effect of the needle tip geometry on the buckling and bending behavior of the needle.
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Wang, Gang, Michael D. Poscente, Simon S. Park, Christopher N. Andrews, Orly Yadid-Pecht, and Martin P. Mintchev. "Minimally invasive pseudo-continuous blood glucose monitoring: Results from in-vitro and in-vivo testing of the e-Mosquito." In 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2016.7527235.
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