Journal articles on the topic 'Invasive micro-organism'
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Ariza Jiménez, A. B., D. Moreno-Perez, E. Núñez Cuadros, and A. Urda Cardona. "Invasive disease caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae III in a child with uropathy." Journal of Medical Microbiology 62, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 792–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.047225-0.
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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae represent a very small percentage of this kind of pathology in children, and it has scarcely been described in the medical literature. According to previous studies of over 800 urine samples in children under 15 years old, a decrease of 50 % (from 0.13 % to 0.07 %) is estimated in its occurrence over the last two decades. This can be explained by the early detection of UTIs and their early empirical treatment, because this micro-organism shows high sensitivity to antibiotics. Also, the culture media in which this bacterium grows are not included in most current protocols. Here we report a case of a UTI caused by H. parainfluenzae in a 4-year-old boy.
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Priyanka, R., R. Geetha, and T. Lakshmi. "Synergistic Effect of Clove and Cinnamon Extract Against Oral Pathogens - An In Vitro Stud." Journal of Complementary Medicine Research 13, no. 5 (2022): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/jcmr.2022.13.05.14.
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Aim: To study synergistic effect of clove and cinnamon extract against oral pathogens- an in vitro study Materials And Method: The plant extract was prepared using 1g of cinnamon and 1g of clove added to 10 ml of distilled water. Placed in the heating mantle for about 20 minutes for condensation and was stored in a centrifuged tube. Using miller hinton agar, the organism was lawn cultured, later well cut cut and dined in micro plate. About 50µl of sample was used, and the micro plate was incubated for 24 hrs at room temperature (37°c) and the zone of inhibition was measured. Conclusion: Cinnamon and Clove extract has considerable synergistic effect against Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus and a new tool for minimally invasive and adhesive dentistry avenues.
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Birch, C., and J. Gowardman. "Streptoccocus Pyogenes: A Forgotten Cause of Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 28, no. 1 (February 2000): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0002800117.
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We report a case of severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pyogenes (Lancefield Group A streptoccocus) that was complicated by a streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Although this micro-organism is an uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia, previously well individuals may be infected and the clinical course may be fulminant. A household contact was the likely point of infection. Invasive group A streptococcal disease continues to remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the community and therefore will continue to be encountered by intensive care physicians. Treatment of Group A streptococcal infection remains penicillin; however, clindamycin should be added in severe infection.
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NAQVI, ZULFIQAR ALI, SALEEM A. KHARAL, and QAMAR AZIZ. "BURN PATIENTS." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 02 (June 10, 2011): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.02.2088.
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Objectives: To study the micro flora in wounds of the burn patients from three tertiary care medical hospitals in Karachi. Introduction: In burn patient infections arise from multiple sources and infect burn wounds by a variety of micro-organisms. Gram negative bacterial infection results from translocation from colon, further more burn patients are infected by Hospital acquired bacteria by various invasive and non invasive procedures. Period: July 2002 to December 2002. Setting: This study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Study Design: Observational study. Material & Methods: A retrospective study of fifty five patients with burn wound infection was carried out at burn units of Civil Hospital Karachi, National Institute of Child health Karachi and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi. Patients who received burn injuries with clinical signs and symptoms of infection were included in this study. Results: In the present study 46(29%) isolates of P. aeruginosa were recovered, in which most strains were MDR and their sensitivity against Imipenem was 38 (78%). The over all prevalence of the Oxidase negative Gram negative coli form bacteria was more than 70%, in which the most prevalent organism belongs to Proteus Spp;(27%) follows the Enterobacter Spp;.(15.5%). Conclusions: Bacteria belongs with family Enterobacteriacae were more prevalent i.e. >70% while P. aeruginosa was individually more prevalent than any member of family Enterobacteriacae and was most resistant to multiple antibiotics than any other bacteria. Imipenem was the most effective drug against all gram negative bacteria follows the 4th. generation Cephalosporin Cefepime.
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Puliti, Manuela, Christina von Hunolstein, Maurizio Marangi, Francesco Bistoni, and Luciana Tissi. "Experimental model of infection with non-toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and development of septic arthritis." Journal of Medical Microbiology 55, no. 2 (February 1, 2006): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.46135-0.
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Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a well-known cause of localized respiratory tract infections. However, this micro-organism can also be associated with invasive infections, such as endocarditis, septic arthritis and osteomyelitis. Invasive infections are often caused by non-toxigenic strains. To set up an in vivo experimental model of C. diphtheriae infection, mice were infected intravenously with different doses (ranging from 1×107 to 5×108 bacteria per mouse) of three non-toxigenic strains, namely ISS-4749, ISS-4746 and ISS-3319. Similar mortality rates were observed with the three strains, with an LD50 ranging from 9×107 to 1·2×108. All strains were arthritogenic, although to different extents. ISS-4749 and ISS-4746 infection resulted in a maximum of 60 and 50 %, respectively, of animals with articular lesions, while in the ISS-3319-infected group only 25 % were positive. There were differences in systemic and joint cytokine production in the three experimental groups. ISS-4749- and ISS-4746-infected mice exhibited higher local levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β than ISS-3319-infected animals. At systemic levels, ISS-3319 was able to induce early and sustained production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), but not IL-6. Conversely, infection with the other strains resulted in high IL-6, but not IFN-γ, production. In conclusion, an experimental model of C. diphtheriae infection was set up, with development of septic arthritis. This model could be useful in studies on the pathogenicity and characterization of virulence factors other than toxin production.
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Holthausen, David J., Sanil George, and Joshy Jacob. "Amphibian innate immune mediators protect against human Influenza strains." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 63.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.63.7.
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Abstract Frogs and toads are incredible reservoirs of biologically active peptides. Amphibians secrete host defense peptides from their skin as part of their innate immune response. This ancient response acts to protect the amphibians against microbes. The quantity and scope of these secreted peptides dwarfs mammalian analogues, accounting for a substantial portion of all known host defense peptides. The non-invasive and non-harmful methods for frog peptide collection, in tandem with the abundance and breadth of these peptides, makes them excellent choices for novel peptide drug therapies. Studies have shown that these peptides can effectively neutralize enveloped viruses, mycobacteria, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and even cancerous or transformed cells. Because of the nature of antimicrobial peptides, often targeting the most critical, conserved aspects of a micro-organism, they may prove a vital alternative to conventional drugs plagued by pathogen resistance. Given this untapped potential for anti-viral therapies, we assessed novel host defense peptides from the skin of the Indian fungoid frog, Hylarana malabarica. During our analysis, we isolated several peptides from H. malabarica that show anti-viral activity against human influenza viruses. Our studies indicate that peptides from H. malabarica demonstrate anti-influenza activity in vitro, and also show potential as an anti-viral therapy in vivo.
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Демина, S. Demina, Шведунова, and L. Shvedunova. "Sanatorium Stage of Rehabilitation of Children with Chronic Pyelonephritis in Ecological Burdened History." Journal of New Medical Technologies 22, no. 1 (February 11, 2015): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/9080.
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The pyelonephritis is the most frequent disease of urinary system in children with long current and process synchronization. Up to the present time, the scientific studies on the effectiveness of pelotherapy at the chronic pyelo-nephritis in children with ecological burdened history aren’t carried out; there are no methods of its application for this population group of patients. 40 children, aged 7-14 years, with chronic pyelonephritis in ecological burdened history were examined. In the complex Spa treatment, the pelotherapy was held traditionally on the lumbar region or developed adaptive-reflex technique. The advantage of the proposed approach to pelotherapy been proven that confirmed the best elimination of the complaints of patients and more pronounced dynamics of the signs of micro-hematuria, pyuria, oxaluria and recovery antichristianity ability urine on calcium phosphates in all patients. In comparison with the conventional treatment, the proposed technique is less invasive and more adequate, providing a gradual and consistent involvement of various reflex zones, which is important in violation of the adaptation processes in patients with ecologo-hygienic history. In addition, it is proved that the appointment of mud applications on a delicate mode contributes to the stimulation of protective forces of an organism, mainly through regulatory and training effects on various systems of the child´s body, without causing general and local pathological reactions.
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Romazan, I. V., I. B. Turko, B. V. Gutyj, and Ya I. Turko. "The use of polyhexamethyleneguanidine as a modern disinfectant." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 104 (December 23, 2021): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet10426.
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To increase the productivity of animals and reduce the cost of production, it is necessary to provide animals with a sufficient and high-quality level of feeding, to keep animals in appropriate conditions, to carry out high-quality and timely disinfection, which will lead to a decrease in pathogenic micro flora in the premises where animals are kept, there will be a break in the epizootic chain of disease spread. In modern animal husbandry, which is characterized by a significant accumulation of animals on a limited area, increased requirements for the quality and ecological products, and the prevention of infectious, invasive and especially anthropozoonous diseases, the leading place is occupied by disinfection. It is one of the most important directions in the complex of measures to combat infectious diseases, which prevents significant economic losses as a result of infection. Disinfection is also the cheapest, most availiable and highly effective method of disease prevention. The disinfectant market of Ukraine has a wide range of simple and complex preparations that can be used for disinfection. However, most of them do not meet modern requirements regarding solubility, activity against a wide range of microorganisms, the influence on biofilms of microorganisms, formation of resistance, anti-corrosion activity, the influence on the organism, environmental safety, universality. Among the new biocidal preparations used in human and veterinary medicine and which most fully meet the modern requirements for disinfecting properties, the leading place is occupied by polymeric compounds of guanidine, in particular polyhexamethyleneguanidine (PHMG). This preparation is an effective solution to the problem of combating infectious diseases that cause significant economic losses not only in animal husbandry, but also at the medical and ecological level. PHMG does not have a cumulative, sensitizing, irritating or skin-resorptive action. Disinfectants with polyhexamethyleneguanidine have a prolonged action and show the activity under conditions of changing pH, have long-term storage and are stable during transportation, can be used in various ways (spraying, watering, wiping, dipping, soaking, pouring, etc.), after use they form films with a long-lasting bactericidal effect, they can be disinfected in the presence of animals and people.
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Kanungo, Santona Das, Syed Alamgir Safwath, Muhammad Arif-un Nabi, Suborna Dey, Nargis Akhter Choudhury, and Md Ubaidul Islam. "The Diagnostic Usefulness of Stool Antigen Test with Serum Helicobacter pylori Antibody and CLO Test in the Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Dyspeptic Patients." Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology 7, no. 6 (June 25, 2022): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjpm.2022.v07i06.004.
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Introduction: Helicobacter pylori colonization of the human gastric mucosa potentially leads to chronic gastritis that may progress to peptic ulcer disease. Additionally, this micro-organism has been identified as a risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Its relation with non-ulcer dyspepsia has not been clear. Objective: To assess the diagnostic usefulness of stool antigen test with serum Helicobacter pylori antibody and CLO test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College in collaboration with the Department of Gastroenterology Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet from July 2012 to June 2013. The calculated sample size was 196 but in this study we took 150 patients due to financial constrain and time limitation. Patients upper GI tract for dyspepsia and whoever fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered as study sample. All the findings, previous history and reports of investigations were recorded in a preformed data collection sheet prepared for this purpose. The patient with clinical features suggestive of dyspepsia was selected for upper GI endoscopy. Results: For this purpose, 150 dyspeptic patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 80 years with the mean age of 43.35 (SD ± 16.30) years. There were 32 (21.3%) patients in the age group of 21 to 30 years, 31 (20.7%) patients in the age group of 31 to 40 years, 30 (20.0%) patients in the age group of 41-50 years, 26 (17.3%) patients in the age group of 51-60 years, 21 (14.0%) patients in the age group of above 60 years and 10 (6.7%) patients in the age group up to 20 years. There were 93 (62.0%) male and 57 (38.0%) female with a ratio of male to female was 163:1. Showed the distribution of patients according to endoscopic findings. Endoscopic findings was normal in 85 (56.7%) patients, duodenal ulcer in 26 (17.3%) patients, gastritis in 23 (15.3%) patients, and gastric ulcer in 16 (10.7%) patients. The distribution of patients according to CLO test. CLO test was positive in 97 (64.7%) patients and negative in 53 (35.3%) patients. The patients according to serum Helicobacter pylori antibody by ELISA. Serum Helicobacter pylori antibody was positive in 101 (67.3%) patients and negative in 49 (32.7%) patients. Stool antigen test was positive in 73 (48.7%) patients and negative in 77 (51.3%) patients. Using CLO test as the gold standard the sensitivity and specificity of stool antigen test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection was 72.7% and 94.3% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 95.9% and 64.9% respectively. The overall accuracy was 80.0%. There was moderate agreement between the two test (Kappa, k=0.603; p<0.001). Using CLO test as the gold standard in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection the sensitivity and specificity of serum Helicobacter pylori antibody was 89.7% and 82.2% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 86.1% and 79.6% respectively. The overall accuracy was 84.0%. There was a substantial agreement between the two test (Kappa, k=0.644; p<0.001). Conclusion: The overall accuracy was 80.0%. There was good agreement between the two test (Kappa, k=0.603). Using CLO test as the gold standard in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection this study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of serum Helicobacter pylori antibody was 89.7% and 82.2% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 88.7% and 100.0% respectively. The overall accuracy was 84.0%. In conclusion comparing CLO test (invasive) is still the superior to stool antigen and serology (non-invasive), both of which is going very close to each other in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients.
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Hoffman, Paul S. "Invasion of Eukaryotic Cells byLegionella Pneumophila: A Common Strategy for all Hosts?" Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases 8, no. 3 (1997): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/571250.
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Legionella pneumophilais an environmental micro-organism capable of producing an acute lobar pneumonia, commonly referred to as Legionnaires’ disease, in susceptible humans. Legionellae are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, where they survive in biofilms or intracellularly in various protozoans. Susceptible humans become infected by breathing aerosols laden with the bacteria. The target cell for human infection is the alveolar macrophage, in which the bacteria abrogate phagolysosomal fusion. The remarkable ability ofL pneumophilato infect a wide range of eukaryotic cells suggests a common strategy that exploits very fundamental cellular processes. The bacteria enter host cells via coiling phagocytosis and quickly subvert organelle trafficking events, leading to formation of a replicative phagosome in which the bacteria multiply. Vegetative growth continues for 8 to 10 h, after which the bacteria develop into a short, highly motile form called the ‘mature form’. The mature form exhibits a thickening of the cell wall, stains red with the Gimenez stain, and is between 10 and 100 times more infectious than agar-grown bacteria. Following host cell lysis, the released bacteria infect other host cells, in which the mature form differentiates into a Gimenez-negative vegetative form, and the cycle begins anew. Virulence ofL pneumophilais considered to be multifactorial, and there is growing evidence for both stage specific and sequential gene expression. Thus,L pneumophilamay be a good model system for dissecting events associated with the host-parasite interactions.
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Mannarakkal, Ranjith, Mohammed Suaib, Abidali Karatparambil, and Abhijith N. Das. "Factors predicting surgical site infection after clean contaminated surgery." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175915.
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Background: The infection of a wound is defined as the invasion of organisms through tissues following a breakdown of local and systemic host defences, leading to cellulitis, lymphangitis, abscess and bacteraemia. Southampton criteria and the centers for disease control and prevention criteria for the diagnosis of surgical site infections are used now for severity assessment. There is still controversy existing on the multifactorial causal relationship.Methods: Longitudinal Observational study with nonrandom purposive sampling carried out in the patients in OT, Casuality, ICU and Wards, in our hospital having clean contaminated abdominal operations for one-year period starting from November 2015 determine the factors responsible for surgical site infections following clean contaminated abdominal operations with prophylactic antibiotics(n=150).Results: Diabetes mellitus (odds ratio of 1.9) and emergency procedure (12.6%) were the most important risk factors for development of SSI. E. Coli (45%, n= 9) was the most common organism. Midline incision (n=6/22 = 27.27%) showed highest rate. Other high-risk factors are obesity, malnutrition, anemia, old age and prolonged duration of surgeries.Conclusions: Various host factors like malnutrition, obesity, patients knowledge about hygiene, presence of co-morbidity etc. coupled with environmental factors such as condition of the wounds, delay to initiate operation, duration of operation, prolonged exposure of peritoneal cavity to environment, prophylactic use of antibiotics and factors associated with surgery like type of incision, type of operation and experience of operating surgeon greatly contribute to occurrences of SSI. So, quality of surgical care including immediate assessment of patients, resuscitative measures, adequate preparation of patients and aseptic environment are important for control of SSI. Moreover, in absence of highly advanced surgical amenities, preoperative resuscitative units, modern operation theatre facilities and sophisticated sterilization procedure it is necessary to use prophylactic antibiotics to encounter the various types of micro-organisms responsible for surgical site infection, particularly E. coli.
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Weinberg, A., S. Krisanaprakornkit, and B. A. Dale. "Epithelial Antimicrobial Peptides: Review and Significance for Oral Applications." Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 9, no. 4 (October 1998): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10454411980090040201.
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Epithelial tissues provide the first line of defense between an organism and the environment. Disruption of this barrier leads to bacterial invasion and subsequent inflammation. This is precisely the situation existing in the human oral cavity, where tissues are constantly exposed to a variety of microbial challenges that can lead to bacterially induced periodontal diseases, and to infections of the oral mucosa by bacteria, fungi, and viruses. With the recent discoveries of host-derived peptide antibiotics in mammalian mucosal epithelium, a new line of investigation is emerging to test the hypothesis that one class of these peptides, called " β-defensins", functions to protect the host against microbial pathogenesis at these critical, confrontational sites. In that light, impairment of β-defensin activity has recently been implicated in chronic bacterial infections in cystic fibrosis patients. The first direct evidence of expression of defensin peptides in the oral mucosa was the identification of a novel epithelial β-defensin in mammalian tongue. It was shown to be upregulated in inflammation, suggesting that it participates in host defense. It is theorized that epithelial cell-derived antimicrobial peptides function to keep the natural flora of micro-organisms in a steady state in different niches such as the skin, the intestines, the airway, the endocervix, and the mouth. There is now evidence indicating that normal gingival epithelial cells and tissues express two β-defensins, hBD- I and the newly described hBD-2. In addition, a cathelin-class antimicrobial peptide, designated LL-37 and found in human neutrophils, is also expressed in skin and gingiva. It is highly likely that these and/or other epithelial antimicrobial peptides play an important role in determining the outcome of the host-pathogen interaction at the oral mucosal barrier, and that they may have important future applications in antibiotic treatment.
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Gupta, Puneeta, and Rohit Raina. "Poncet’s Disease – A Commonly Missed Diagnosis." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 28 (July 12, 2021): 2558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/472.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality among infectious diseases with estimated 1.5 million deaths from TB in 2018 -19 and presented as a public health concern. In 1897, the Frenchman Antonin Poncet first described Poncet's disease (PD) as a rare syndrome, where polyarthritis in an acute stage of TB, resolved without joint damage. Similar reports on patients of tuberculosis and joint pain led authors to improve the definition, and in 1978, PD was described as a para infective arthritis by Bloxham and Addy. Regardless of its doubtful existence, cases have been continued to be reported over the years. Poncet's disease is a form of reactive arthritis which is characterized by articular affection in patients diagnosed with TB where there is immune reaction to the tuberculous protein but there is no direct invasion by the micro-organism.1,2 PD is to be differentiated from tuberculous arthritis where there is monoarticular and direct tubercular involvement of the joint. Before more obvious features develop, the sole manifestation of the disease is joint involvement. Crippling pain is experienced during polyarthritis which limits the mobility and activities of patients. Polyarthritis can also occur in common causes such as rheumatological diseases as a symptom and thus can be easily misdiagnosed. Polyarthropathy, that is multiple large and small joints involvement in the body, is the one of the rarest presentations in both active pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. This polyarticular impairment observed in patients with active TB, a form of reactive arthritis is known as Poncet’s disease. Since there is no direct bacillary invasion of the joints, it is an aseptic form of arthritis. It is not to be confused with tuberculous arthritis, which is usually monoarticular and where there is direct tuberculin infection. Poncet's disease remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Since case reports are very rare even in countries where tuberculosis is common thus no accepted diagnostic criteria is set for Poncet's disease. This diagnostic possibility becomes increasingly important as the use of corticosteroids, immune suppressants or biologicals can risk further dissemination of the disease. We describe the case of a 50-year-old woman, who presented with active tuberculosis where polyarthralgia was the first and only symptom for four months. Polyarthritis patients were being treated with both non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antitubercular therapy and to the surprise patients with antitubercular treatment had complete resolution of symptoms after 6-week therapy whereas non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) offer no benefit. The total duration of therapy was 6 months.
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Rahimkhani, Monireh, Alireza Mordadi, Kiana Kazemian, and Hourieh Khalili. "Comparison of Helicobacter Pylori Detection: it's Association with Leukocytosis and Monocytosis." Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets 20 (July 7, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871526520666200707113955.
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Background: Helicobacter pylori is a slow-growing micro-aerophilic gram-negative organism found in stomach and duodenum. It is also associated with a number of stomach-duodenal diseases. Material and Methods: There are invasive and non-invasive methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori infections. In a 13- months period, 101 patients with clinical signs of infection confirmed by biopsy and Rapid Urease test as well as culture were included to this study. Results: There were significant correlations between breath urease test, anti-Helicobacter pylori serum IgG and IgA as well as fecal Helicobacter pylori Ag with gold standard method,(P=0.001) Moreover, there was significant correlation between monocytosis (P= 0.05) and gold standard method. Conclusion: Based on studies conducted on patients with Helicobacter pylori infection, noninvasive diagnostics methods can be useful in the diagnosis of Helicobacter infections rather than evaluating anti-Helicobacter pylori serum IgM and also increased blood monocytes could be a reliable confirmation for detection. Furthermore, showed monocytosis must be considered as a Helicobacter pylori infection at first step in area with high infected percentage.
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Fernández Vecilla, Domingo, Cristina Aspichueta Vivanco, Itziar Angulo López, Josu Mirena Baraia-Etxaburu Artetxe, Francesco Renzi, and José Luis Díaz de Tuesta del Arco. "A case of septic arthritis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in an HIV patient." Access Microbiology 4, no. 6 (June 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/acmi.0.000368.
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Invasive infections caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus , a Gram-negative rod found in the oral cavity of healthy dogs and cats, are rare but they are increasing worldwide. We report a case of septic arthritis in a native knee joint due to this micro-organism. A 57-year-old man, with a well-controlled chronic HIV infection, attended the Emergency Department because of left knee pain and shivering without measured fever. A knee arthrocentesis and a computed tomography scan were performed, revealing septic arthritis with collections in the left leg posterior musculature. He was admitted to the Infectious Diseases Department for antibiotic treatment. Initial synovial fluid was inoculated in blood culture bottles, and the anaerobic one was positive after 63 h. Gram stain revealed fusiform Gram-negative rods, identified as C. canimorsus by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) directly from the bottle. Identification was confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and serotyping was performed by PCR, with serovar A as the outcome. Due to an unfavourable clinical course, the patient required two surgical cleanings and after appropriate antibiotic treatment he was discharged 2 months later.
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Schigel, Dmitry, Anders Andersson, Andrew Bissett, Anders Finstad, Frode Fossøy, Marie Grosjean, Michael Hope, et al. "Mapping and Publishing Sequence-Derived Data through Biodiversity Data Platforms." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 4 (October 9, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.4.59212.
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Most users will foresee the use of genetic sequences in the context of molecular ecology or phylogenetic research, however, a sequence with coordinates and a timestamp is a valuable biodiversity occurrence that is useful in a much broader context than its original purpose. To uncover this potential, sequence-derived data need to become findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable through generalist biodiversity data platforms. Stimulated by the Biodiversity_Next discussions in 2019, we have worked for about 10 months to put together practical data mapping and data publishing experiences in Norway, Australia, Sweden, and Denmark, as well as in the UNITE and the GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) networks. The resulting guide was put together to provide practical instruction for mapping sequence-derived data. Biodiversity data communities remain dominated by the macroscopic, easily detectable, morphologically identifiable species. This is not only true for citizen science and other forms of biodiversity popularization, but is also visible in the university and museum department structures, financial resource allocations, biodiversity legislation, and policy design. Recent decades of molecular advances have increased the power of genetic methods for detecting, describing, and documenting global biodiversity. We have yet to see the wide shift of data generating efforts from the traditional taxonomic foci of biodiversity assesments to the more balanced and inclusive systems focusing on all functionally important taxa and environments. These include soil, limnic and marine environments, decomposing plants and deadwood, and all life therein. Environmental DNA data enable recording of present and past presence of micro- and macroscopic organisms with minimal effort and by non-invasive methods. The apparent ease of these methods requires a cautious approach to the resulting data and their interpretation. It remains important to define and agree on the organism recording and reporting routines for genetic data. DNA data represent a major addition to the many ways in which GBIF and other biodiversity data platforms index the living world. Our guide is resting on the shoulders of those who have been developing and improving MIxS (Minimum Information about any (x) Sequence), GGBN (Global Genome Biodiversity Network) and other data standards. The added value of publishing sequence-derived data through non-genetic biodiversity discovery platforms relates to spatio-temporal occurrences and sequence-based names. Reporting sequence-derived occurrences in an open and reproducible way has a wide range of benefits: notably, it increases citability, highlights the taxa concerned in the context of biological conservation, and contributes to taxonomic and ecological knowledge.
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Korkmaz, Pınar, and Elif Doyuk Kartal. "Skin Manifestations Associated with Brucellosis." EMJ Dermatology, November 15, 2016, 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33590/emjdermatol/10312753.
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Brucellosis is a zoonotic infectious disease of worldwide distribution and is still endemic in some developing countries. Brucellosis is a systemic disease in which any organ or system of the body can be involved. The most commonly affected systems are the locomotor, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, haematological, cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems. Cutaneous manifestations are rare in brucellosis and the lesions are not specific to the disease. Skin involvement is reported to range between 0.4% and 17.0% of the patients with brucellosis. The cutaneous manifestations in brucellosis are seen because of the direct inoculation of bacteria into the skin, hypersensitivity phenomena, deposition of immune complexes in the skin, and invasion of the skin via a haematogenous route of spread of the micro-organism. Papulonodular and maculopapular eruptions, and erythema nodosum-like lesions are the most frequently encountered cutaneous lesions in brucellosis. Brucellosis should be kept in mind by clinicians in the diagnosis of patients with complaints of fever and eruptions, especially in endemic regions.