Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Invasive marine species'
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Keith, Inti. "Marine invasive species in the Galapagos Marine Reserve." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/eb5cd56d-eb1c-41c5-8213-1c4ed82d5646.
Full textJohnston, Matthew W. "Computer Modeling the Incursion Patterns of Marine Invasive Species." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/33.
Full textAntunes, Filipa Alexandra Paiva. "Ship transport of marine invasive species and its stress resistance." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12339.
Full textTownhill, Bryony Lindsey. "Marine species and climate change : using modelling techniques to investigate effects on species distributions." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25283.
Full textKempf, Hannah Lowe. "Comparisons of Ecosystem Dynamics Before and After Invasion Reveal Consequences of Invasive Species in Benthic Marine Communities." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1524830000208304.
Full textJurk, Clova. "Fouled yachts : a vector for marine invasive alien species to South African shores?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11045.
Full textClarke, Murray Cathryn Lynne. "The role of recreational boating in the introduction and spread of marine invasive species." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42090.
Full textVye, Siobhan R. "Disentangling the effects of multiple anthropogenic stressors on marine biodiversity and ecosystem functioning." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676606.
Full textGreen, Rebecca A. "Morphological Variation of Three Populations of the Veined Rapa Whelk, Rapana venosa, an Invasive Predatory Gastropod Species." W&M ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539617974.
Full textMa, Kevin Cam Kau, and Kevin Cam Kau Ma. "Rare species detection and benthic recruitment across multiple scales of space and time with implications for early detection of marine invasive species." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38152.
Full textLes activités anthropiques causent des invasions biologiques qui sont devenues un problème mondial susceptible de causer des dommages écologiques (p. ex., sur la biodiversité et l’habitat), économiques (sur les industries) et sociaux (sur le bien-être humain). La prévention et la détection précoce des nouvelles invasions sont des éléments essentiels pour la gestion des risques et des impacts sur les écosystèmes et les économies. Bien sûr, la prévention est préférable, mais la détection précoce est une étape cruciale pour enrayer la propagation ultérieure des espèces envahissantes, car elle offre la possibilité de les éradiquer avant les phases d’établissement de la population et de propagation. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’une option de gestion efficace en matière de coût et de temps, la détection précoce exige un effort d’échantillonnage considérable pour détecter les populations envahissantes aux tout premiers stades de leur invasion. En utilisant le système benthique marin comme modèle, quatre études interdépendantes ont été menées pour identifier des stratégies d’échantillonnage susceptibles d’améliorer notre capacité à détecter des populations envahissantes rares et à comprendre les patrons et processus écologiques de recrutement benthique à multiples échelles spatiales et temporelles. Plus précisément, ces études expérimentales sur le terrain visaient à (1) évaluer la relation entre l’approvisionnement en larves et la fixation dans une population envahissante isolée, (2) déterminer la durée de l’échantillonnage et de la fréquence à l’aide de plaques de fixation pour la détection d’espèces rares, (3) déterminer l’importance relative aux sources de variations spatiales et temporelles du recrutement benthique, et (4) examiner l’effet de l’échelle spatiale de l’échantillonnage sur la détection des espèces en analysant les patrons de recrutement à de multiples échelles sur quatre ordres de grandeur allant de la dizaine de mètres à la dizaine de kilomètres. Première étude : contrairement à l’hypothèse originale d’une relation étroite entre l’approvisionnement et la fixation initiale, l’approvisionnement en larves était plutôt un facteur déterminant de la fixation aux échelles moyennes. Ces résultats suggèrent que la force de cette relation s’affaiblit avec l’augmentation de l’échelle spatiale des observations de terrain. Néanmoins, un quart de la variation de la fixation à moyenne échelle peut encore être expliqué par l’approvisionnement sur des courtes échelles de temps (une semaine). Par conséquent, cette relation confirme l’utilité des plaques de fixation en tant qu’outil efficace pour la détection précoce aux échelles moyennes dans une marina, car une faible densité de recrutement sur les plaques correspond à une faible abondance de propagules envahissantes dans la colonne d’eau...
Les activités anthropiques causent des invasions biologiques qui sont devenues un problème mondial susceptible de causer des dommages écologiques (p. ex., sur la biodiversité et l’habitat), économiques (sur les industries) et sociaux (sur le bien-être humain). La prévention et la détection précoce des nouvelles invasions sont des éléments essentiels pour la gestion des risques et des impacts sur les écosystèmes et les économies. Bien sûr, la prévention est préférable, mais la détection précoce est une étape cruciale pour enrayer la propagation ultérieure des espèces envahissantes, car elle offre la possibilité de les éradiquer avant les phases d’établissement de la population et de propagation. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’une option de gestion efficace en matière de coût et de temps, la détection précoce exige un effort d’échantillonnage considérable pour détecter les populations envahissantes aux tout premiers stades de leur invasion. En utilisant le système benthique marin comme modèle, quatre études interdépendantes ont été menées pour identifier des stratégies d’échantillonnage susceptibles d’améliorer notre capacité à détecter des populations envahissantes rares et à comprendre les patrons et processus écologiques de recrutement benthique à multiples échelles spatiales et temporelles. Plus précisément, ces études expérimentales sur le terrain visaient à (1) évaluer la relation entre l’approvisionnement en larves et la fixation dans une population envahissante isolée, (2) déterminer la durée de l’échantillonnage et de la fréquence à l’aide de plaques de fixation pour la détection d’espèces rares, (3) déterminer l’importance relative aux sources de variations spatiales et temporelles du recrutement benthique, et (4) examiner l’effet de l’échelle spatiale de l’échantillonnage sur la détection des espèces en analysant les patrons de recrutement à de multiples échelles sur quatre ordres de grandeur allant de la dizaine de mètres à la dizaine de kilomètres. Première étude : contrairement à l’hypothèse originale d’une relation étroite entre l’approvisionnement et la fixation initiale, l’approvisionnement en larves était plutôt un facteur déterminant de la fixation aux échelles moyennes. Ces résultats suggèrent que la force de cette relation s’affaiblit avec l’augmentation de l’échelle spatiale des observations de terrain. Néanmoins, un quart de la variation de la fixation à moyenne échelle peut encore être expliqué par l’approvisionnement sur des courtes échelles de temps (une semaine). Par conséquent, cette relation confirme l’utilité des plaques de fixation en tant qu’outil efficace pour la détection précoce aux échelles moyennes dans une marina, car une faible densité de recrutement sur les plaques correspond à une faible abondance de propagules envahissantes dans la colonne d’eau. Deuxième étude : des durées d’échantillonnage intermédiaires d’une à deux semaines (l’échelle des traitements allant d’un jour à un mois) étaient la durée optimale de déploiement de la plaque de fixation pour la détection des espèces « rares » (c’est-à-dire, des le début du recrutement). Une analyse au niveau de l’assemblage montre toutefois que l’augmentation de la durée et de la fréquence de l’échantillonnage augmentait logarithmiquement le nombre total d’espèces rares observées. Ces résultats espèce par espèce et au niveau de l’assemblage démontrent que la modification des éléments temporels de l’échantillonnage, tels que la durée et la fréquence, peut affecter considérablement la détection d’espèces. Troisième étude : après avoir évalué plusieurs sources spatiales et temporelles (le site, la région, la saison, et l’année), le moment choisi pour le déploiement des plaques est apparu comme étant la plus grande source de variabilité du recrutement benthique d’espèces rares. En particulier, le moment optimal pour la détection précoce serait en automne (a) lorsque le recrutement saisonnier d’espèces envahissantes établies tend à atteindre un pic et (b) lorsque la détection au niveau du site d’espèces envahissantes rares tend à se produire. Quatrième étude : l’échelle spatiale dominante dans le recrutement d’espèces rares est la plus petite (centaine de mètres). Cette échelle dominante peut être interprétée comme étant la bonne échelle spatiale pour la détection d’espèces rares. Une analyse plus poussée a montré que si l’échantillonnage a été structuré de manière aléatoire, l’échantillonnage à des échelles intermédiaires (millier de mètres) devient l’échelle optimale pour la détection d’espèces rares. Ces résultats élucident les différences de variabilité naturelle de la population benthique entre multiples échelles d’espace et de temps pour des espèces rares et communes. Ces études écologiques font partie d’une boîte à outils de détection précoce nécessaire à la gestion des espèces envahissantes marines en renseignant sur la manière dont l’échantillonnage des espèces rares doit être faite à multiples échelles spatio-temporelles. Des expériences de terrain similaires optimisant la détection d’espèces rares (au-delà de l’utilisation de plaques de fixation pour détecter les organismes benthiques dans les provinces Maritimes canadiennes) devraient être réalisées pour d’autres taxons, régions, t outils d’échantillonnage—en particulier, les envahisseurs à haut risque prévus, les invasions futures, et les outils récemment développés.
Les activités anthropiques causent des invasions biologiques qui sont devenues un problème mondial susceptible de causer des dommages écologiques (p. ex., sur la biodiversité et l’habitat), économiques (sur les industries) et sociaux (sur le bien-être humain). La prévention et la détection précoce des nouvelles invasions sont des éléments essentiels pour la gestion des risques et des impacts sur les écosystèmes et les économies. Bien sûr, la prévention est préférable, mais la détection précoce est une étape cruciale pour enrayer la propagation ultérieure des espèces envahissantes, car elle offre la possibilité de les éradiquer avant les phases d’établissement de la population et de propagation. Bien qu’il s’agisse d’une option de gestion efficace en matière de coût et de temps, la détection précoce exige un effort d’échantillonnage considérable pour détecter les populations envahissantes aux tout premiers stades de leur invasion. En utilisant le système benthique marin comme modèle, quatre études interdépendantes ont été menées pour identifier des stratégies d’échantillonnage susceptibles d’améliorer notre capacité à détecter des populations envahissantes rares et à comprendre les patrons et processus écologiques de recrutement benthique à multiples échelles spatiales et temporelles. Plus précisément, ces études expérimentales sur le terrain visaient à (1) évaluer la relation entre l’approvisionnement en larves et la fixation dans une population envahissante isolée, (2) déterminer la durée de l’échantillonnage et de la fréquence à l’aide de plaques de fixation pour la détection d’espèces rares, (3) déterminer l’importance relative aux sources de variations spatiales et temporelles du recrutement benthique, et (4) examiner l’effet de l’échelle spatiale de l’échantillonnage sur la détection des espèces en analysant les patrons de recrutement à de multiples échelles sur quatre ordres de grandeur allant de la dizaine de mètres à la dizaine de kilomètres. Première étude : contrairement à l’hypothèse originale d’une relation étroite entre l’approvisionnement et la fixation initiale, l’approvisionnement en larves était plutôt un facteur déterminant de la fixation aux échelles moyennes. Ces résultats suggèrent que la force de cette relation s’affaiblit avec l’augmentation de l’échelle spatiale des observations de terrain. Néanmoins, un quart de la variation de la fixation à moyenne échelle peut encore être expliqué par l’approvisionnement sur des courtes échelles de temps (une semaine). Par conséquent, cette relation confirme l’utilité des plaques de fixation en tant qu’outil efficace pour la détection précoce aux échelles moyennes dans une marina, car une faible densité de recrutement sur les plaques correspond à une faible abondance de propagules envahissantes dans la colonne d’eau. Deuxième étude : des durées d’échantillonnage intermédiaires d’une à deux semaines (l’échelle des traitements allant d’un jour à un mois) étaient la durée optimale de déploiement de la plaque de fixation pour la détection des espèces « rares » (c’est-à-dire, des le début du recrutement). Une analyse au niveau de l’assemblage montre toutefois que l’augmentation de la durée et de la fréquence de l’échantillonnage augmentait logarithmiquement le nombre total d’espèces rares observées. Ces résultats espèce par espèce et au niveau de l’assemblage démontrent que la modification des éléments temporels de l’échantillonnage, tels que la durée et la fréquence, peut affecter considérablement la détection d’espèces. Troisième étude : après avoir évalué plusieurs sources spatiales et temporelles (le site, la région, la saison, et l’année), le moment choisi pour le déploiement des plaques est apparu comme étant la plus grande source de variabilité du recrutement benthique d’espèces rares. En particulier, le moment optimal pour la détection précoce serait en automne (a) lorsque le recrutement saisonnier d’espèces envahissantes établies tend à atteindre un pic et (b) lorsque la détection au niveau du site d’espèces envahissantes rares tend à se produire. Quatrième étude : l’échelle spatiale dominante dans le recrutement d’espèces rares est la plus petite (centaine de mètres). Cette échelle dominante peut être interprétée comme étant la bonne échelle spatiale pour la détection d’espèces rares. Une analyse plus poussée a montré que si l’échantillonnage a été structuré de manière aléatoire, l’échantillonnage à des échelles intermédiaires (millier de mètres) devient l’échelle optimale pour la détection d’espèces rares. Ces résultats élucident les différences de variabilité naturelle de la population benthique entre multiples échelles d’espace et de temps pour des espèces rares et communes. Ces études écologiques font partie d’une boîte à outils de détection précoce nécessaire à la gestion des espèces envahissantes marines en renseignant sur la manière dont l’échantillonnage des espèces rares doit être faite à multiples échelles spatio-temporelles. Des expériences de terrain similaires optimisant la détection d’espèces rares (au-delà de l’utilisation de plaques de fixation pour détecter les organismes benthiques dans les provinces Maritimes canadiennes) devraient être réalisées pour d’autres taxons, régions, t outils d’échantillonnage—en particulier, les envahisseurs à haut risque prévus, les invasions futures, et les outils récemment développés.
As a consequence of anthropogenic activities, biological invasions have become a global problem that can cause ecological (e.g., biodiversity and habitat), economic (industries), and social (human wellbeing) harm. Prevention and early detection of new invasions are vital components of managing risks and impacts to ecosystems and economies. Prevention is, of course, preferred but early detection is a critical step that can ultimately stop future spread of invasive species because it provides an opportunity for eradication before population growth and spread. Despite being a cost- and time-effective management option, early detection requires considerably high sampling effort to detect incipient invasive populations at the early stages of their invasion. Using the marine benthic system as a model, four inter-related studies were carried out to identify sampling strategies that could enhance our ability to detect rare invasive populations and to understand ecological patterns and processes of benthic recruitment across multiple scales of space and time. Specifically, these experimental field studies aimed to (1) evaluate the relationship between propagule supply and settlement in a closed invasive population, (2) determine the optimal sampling duration and frequency using settlement plates to detect rare species, (3) ascertain the relative importance of spatial and temporal sources of variation in benthic recruitment, and (4) examine how the spatial scale of sampling affects species detection by analyzing recruitment patterns at multiple scales across four orders of magnitudes ranging from tens of metres to tens of kilometres. First study: Contrary to the expectation of a strong relationship between supply and initial settlement, larval supply was instead a limited determinant of settlement at mesoscales. This finding suggests that the strength of this relationship weakens as the spatial scale increased from previously reported small-scale field observations to mesoscales of the present study. Nonetheless, a quarter of the variation in settlement can still be explained by supply over short timescales (one week). Therefore, this relationship supports the utility of settlement plates as an effective tool for early detection at mesoscales within a marina because low densities of recruitment on plates correspond to low abundances of invasive propagules in the water column...
As a consequence of anthropogenic activities, biological invasions have become a global problem that can cause ecological (e.g., biodiversity and habitat), economic (industries), and social (human wellbeing) harm. Prevention and early detection of new invasions are vital components of managing risks and impacts to ecosystems and economies. Prevention is, of course, preferred but early detection is a critical step that can ultimately stop future spread of invasive species because it provides an opportunity for eradication before population growth and spread. Despite being a cost- and time-effective management option, early detection requires considerably high sampling effort to detect incipient invasive populations at the early stages of their invasion. Using the marine benthic system as a model, four inter-related studies were carried out to identify sampling strategies that could enhance our ability to detect rare invasive populations and to understand ecological patterns and processes of benthic recruitment across multiple scales of space and time. Specifically, these experimental field studies aimed to (1) evaluate the relationship between propagule supply and settlement in a closed invasive population, (2) determine the optimal sampling duration and frequency using settlement plates to detect rare species, (3) ascertain the relative importance of spatial and temporal sources of variation in benthic recruitment, and (4) examine how the spatial scale of sampling affects species detection by analyzing recruitment patterns at multiple scales across four orders of magnitudes ranging from tens of metres to tens of kilometres. First study: Contrary to the expectation of a strong relationship between supply and initial settlement, larval supply was instead a limited determinant of settlement at mesoscales. This finding suggests that the strength of this relationship weakens as the spatial scale increased from previously reported small-scale field observations to mesoscales of the present study. Nonetheless, a quarter of the variation in settlement can still be explained by supply over short timescales (one week). Therefore, this relationship supports the utility of settlement plates as an effective tool for early detection at mesoscales within a marina because low densities of recruitment on plates correspond to low abundances of invasive propagules in the water column...
Johnson, Collin Hauer. "Self-fertilization, Larval Dispersal, and Population Structure in the Marine Bryozoan Bugula stolonifera." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10180.
Full textSimmons, Kayelyn Regina. "Evidence of the Enemy Release Hypothesis: Parasites of the Lionfish Complex (Pterios volitans and P. miles) in the Western North Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea." NSUWorks, 2014. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/2.
Full textDijkstra, Jennifer Anne. "Climate change and invasive species interact to impact succession and diversity in Gulf of Maine marine fouling communities /." Restricted access (UM), 2007. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.
Full textJenkins, Maggie F. "Indirect Food Web Interactions: Sea Otter Predation Linked to Invasion Success in a Marine Fouling Community." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2000.
Full textO'Brien, Charleen. "Ports, Prosperity, and Pests: Assessing the Threat of Aquatic Invasive Species Introduced by Maritime Shipping Activity in Cuba." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/428.
Full textSerebryakova, Alexandra. "Acclimation and adaptation of invasive seaweeds - a case study with the brown alga Sargassum muticum." Doctoral thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/10824.
Full textAs algas não indígenas afetam comunidades naturais em todo o mundo, afetando a biodiversidade, o funcionamento dos ecossistemas e os seus serviços, com consequências económicas e sociais significativas. Entre os principais impactos estão deslocamento de espécies nativas e espécies ameaçadas e efeitos sobre processos ecológicos e evolutivos nas comunidades invadidas. A compreensão dos mecanismos de aclimatação e adaptação após a introdução representa um grande desafio nas algas marinhas. Nesta tese investigamos alguns processos de aclimatação, com ênfase no papel dos microorganismos associados e examinamos os seus efeitos usando Sargassum muticum como espécie modelo. Esta alga marinha nativa da Ásia é uma importante invasora, com uma distribuição atual do México ao Alasca na América e de Marrocos à Noruega na Europa. Primeiro analisamos as vantagens e características competitivas que podem contribuir para sua invasibilidade. Além disso, fornecemos uma visão geral dos mecanismos de aclimatação e adaptação subjacentes e destacamos seu papel nas invasões de algas marinhas. Em seguida, examinamos os efeitos da acidificação dos oceanos no microbioma de S. muticum e revelamos que não tem efeitos significativos sobre a comunidade microbiana das algas marinhas apesar de causar algumas mudanças na comunidade. No estudo das mudanças sazonais na microbiota associada às algas marinhas revelamos diferenças significativas entre as estações e os locais geográficos. Finalmente, realizamos modelação de nicho ecológico de forma inovadora para a fenologia, para projetar a distribuição de S. muticum em dois cenários futuros de mudança climática. De acordo com nossas projeções, até 2100, a distribuição de S. muticum deverá expandir-se para norte ao longo das suas distribuições européia, norte-americana e asiática, com retração parcial das áreas atualmente ocupadas.
Brucker, Kaitlyn M. "An Endemic Commensal Leucothoid Discovered in the Tunicate Cnemidocarpa bicornuta, from New Zealand (Crustacea, Amphipoda)." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/407.
Full textBray, Laura. "Preparing for offshore renewable energy development in the Mediterranean." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/10099.
Full textOdom, Rachel. "The next "killer" algae? Assessing and mitigating invasion risk for aquarium strains of the marine macroalgal genus Chaetomorpha." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5363.
Full textM.S.
Masters
Biology
Sciences
Biology
Teullet, Marie. "Les espèces exotiques envahissantes et le droit de la mer : essai de qualification." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020038.
Full textAlien invasive species are a growing concern, but are they an object as any other in international law ? An invasive alien species is a living species which, by its mere presence in an ecosystem outside its natural range, causes deleterious effects which is not the case in its native ecosystem. Is the law of the sea equipped to meet this new threat ? The classification of its effects in international law, and more specifically the law of the sea, is as innovative as capital. The legal treatment of invasive alien species so far has been tied to the struggle for the conservation of biological diversity without wondering, in advance, what its classification is. What if alien invasive species are considered pollution ? Considering this hypothesis means studying instruments of international law, and more precisely those of the law of the sea, as well as marine pollution. If one can allow to identify invasive alien species as a source of pollution, it remains a new form of pollution that has never been recognized before by the instruments of international law : a biological pollution. This pollution, independent of those already existing in international law, implies the need to rethink the definition of marine pollution
Ulman, Aylin. "Recreational boating as a major vector of spread of nonindigenous species around the Mediterranean." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS222.
Full textMany stressors, such as climate change, overfishing, pollution and biological invasions, are currently devastating the marine domain. The role of recreational boating in facilitating marine bioinvasions urgently necessitated a proper evaluation, especially in the Mediterranean Sea which hosts 2/3 of global charter boat traffic and is also the global hotspot for alien species. This study addresses this shortfall by completing the firstever Mediterranean basin-wide study investigating the influence of recreational boats in the transfer of NIS from biofouling both in marinas and from boat-hulls. First, a thorough investigation of NIS was conducted in 34 marinas across the Mediterranean (spanning from Spain to Turkey), targeting benthic macroinvertebrates. All marinas were found to host NIS, ranging from 2 to 27 per marina. This first output of this research provides a massive update of new NIS records and updated species distributions for the Mediterranean, and presents three new species in the Mediterranean basin, 51 new NIS country records and 20 new subregional records, which can now be fed into models and databases to gain a better comprehension of the composition and scale of NIS colonizing marina habitats. it was realized that almost 80% of sampled fouled vessels were found to host at least 1 NIS, while 11 was the maximum NIS found on one boat-hull. It was also found that recreational vessels visiting new marinas sometimes carry NIS not yet present neither in that marina nor in the country in which they are visiting, thus providing ample evidence of recreational boating supplying new NIS to marinas. The results of this large-scale Mediterranean marina assessment were combined with other existing data on NIS in Italian marinas for a total sample size of 50 marinas, which were then used to feed both univariate and multivariate statistical tests aimed at identifying which abiotic factors mainly contribute to total species richness of NIS in marinas and also which factors contribute to similar NIS assemblages between marinas. The results revealed that a higher species richness of NIS in Mediterranean marinas was influenced by the following factors: water temperatures above 25°C, a higher number of berths, absence of floating pontoons, proximity to the Suez Canal and proximity to commercial harbours. Whereas the similarities between NIS assemblages amongst marinas were more influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, biogeographical region, climate type, primary productivity and again proximity to the Suez Canal. The significance of the Suez Canal as a prominent factor in both analyses coincides with the general trend of higher total NIS found in the Eastern Mediterranean strongly influencing NIS distributions. The results presented within this thesis, adding to those marinas surveyed from around the world, form a robust case that recreational boating provides an extremely important pathway in facilitating primary NIS introduction events and their associated secondary spread to other coastal areas as ‘stepping stone’ habitats
Jud, Zachary R. "Anthropogenic Disturbances in Estuarine Ecosystems: The Effects of Altered Freshwater Inflow, Introduction of Invasive Species, and Habitat Alteration in the Loxahatchee River, FL." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1197.
Full textCohen, Noah G. "Evaluating the Ecological Status of the Introduced Nile Monitor (Varanus niloticus) in Florida: Forecasting Presence and Population Expansion Using Computational Geographic Information Systems." Thesis, NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/477.
Full textSecord, Jesse J. "Feeding Ecology of the Invasive Lionfish (Pterois spp.) and Comparison with Two Native Species: Schoolmaster Lutjanus apodus (Walbaum, 1792) and Graysby Cephalopholis cruentata (Lacepède, 1802)." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/396.
Full textSerebryakova, Alexandra. "Acclimation and adaptation of invasive seaweeds - a case study with the brown alga sargassum muticum." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066475.
Full textNon-indigenous seaweeds impact natural communities worldwide, affecting biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services, resulting in significant economic and social consequences. Among major impacts are the displacement of native species, a threat to endangered species, and effects on ecological and evolutionary processes within the invaded communities. While critical to predict the fate of introduced species, understanding the mechanisms of acclimation and adaptation following introduction represents a great challenge in seaweeds. In this thesis, we investigated some acclimation processes, with an emphasis on the role of associated microbiota, and examined their effects with Sargassum muticum as a model species. This brown seaweed native to Asia, is an emblematic invader among seaweeds, with a distribution now ranging from Mexico to Alaska in America and from Morocco to Norway in Europe. We first reviewed the competitive advantages and traits that may contribute to its invasiveness. We then showed that acidification has no significant effects on associated bacteria, although seasonal changes in the microbiome have been observed. Finally, we applied ecological niche modelling, but innovatively accounting for phenology, to project the distribution of S. muticum under two future climate change scenarios. According to our projections, by 2100 the distribution of S. muticum is expected to shift northwards along its European, North American and Asian distributions with partial retreat from the currently occupied areas
Johnston, Matthew W. "Spatial Analysis of the Invasion of Red Lionfish, Pterois volitans/miles, in the Western Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/216.
Full textNäslund, Johan. "The importance of biodiversity for ecosystem processes in sediments : experimental examples from the Baltic Sea." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-38893.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: In press.
Andersen, Borg Marc. "Non-indigenous zooplankton : the role of predatory cladocerans and of copepods in trophic dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Systemekologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8506.
Full textBors, Eleanor Kathleen. "Spationtemporal population genomics of marine species : invasion, expansion, and connectivity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109052.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Every genome tells a story. This dissertation contains four such stories, focused on shared themes of marine population dynamics and rapid change, with an emphasis on invasive marine species. Biological invasions are often characterized by a range expansion, during which strong genetic drift is hypothesized to result in decreased genetic diversity with increased distance from the center of the historic range, or the point of invasion. In this dissertation, population genetic and genomic tools are used to approach complex and previously intractable fundamental questions pertaining to the non-equilibrium dynamics of species invasions and rapid range expansions in two invasive marine species: the lionfish, Pterois volitans; and the shrimp, Palaemon macrodactylus. Using thousands of loci sequenced with restriction enzyme associated DNA sequencing in these two systems, this research tests theoretical predictions of the genomic signatures of range expansions. Additionally, the first chapter elucidates patterns of population genetic connectivity for deep-sea invertebrates in the New Zealand region demonstrating intimate relationships between genetics, oceanographic currents, and life history traits. Invasive shrimp results extend our understanding of marine population connectivity to suggest that human-mediated dispersal may be as important - if not more important - than oceanographic and life history considerations in determining genetic connectivity during specific phases of marine invasions. In invasive populations of lionfish, measures of genomic diversity, including a difference between observed and expected heterozygosity, were found to correlate with distance from the point of introduction, even in the absence of spatial metapopulation genetic structure. These results indicate a signal of rapid range expansion. The final study in this dissertation uses an innovative temporal approach to explore observed genomic patterns in the lionfish. In all, this dissertation provides a broad perspective through the study of multiple species undergoing superficially parallel processes that, under more intense scrutiny, are found to be mechanistically unique. It is only through comparative approaches that predictable patterns of population dynamics will emerge.
by Eleanor Kathleen Bors.
Ph. D.
Nash, Ethan Fletcher. "Understanding the invasion of Florida's intertidal Crassostrea virginica reefs by non-native marine invertebrate species." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4994.
Full textID: 029809008; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-67).
M.S.
Masters
Biology
Sciences
Suwandy, Jason. "Temporal Currency: Life-history strategies of a native marine invertebrate increasingly exposed to urbanisation and invasion." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7322.
Full textNelson, Jocelyn Christine. "Species invasion in the marine fouling communities of British Columbia : factors that influence invasion dynamics and how they may affect Botrylloides violaceus." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46606.
Full textSagerman, Josefin. "Marine seaweed invasions : Impacts and biotic resistance in native ecosystems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-116788.
Full textAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Alien-native trophic interactions: consequences for invasion success and ecosystem effects of invasions
Schickele, Alexandre. "Modélisation des aires de répartition futures d'espèces marines d'intérêt commercial en Méditerranée dans un contexte de changement climatique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4069.
Full textEnvironmental conditions are shaping the spatial distribution of marine species worldwide. However, climate change may alter their future distribution, impacting marine resources exploitation and ecosystems balance. In this context, this PhD identifies climate induced impacts in species and geographical areas, by focusing on some species, indigenous or non-indigenous, of commercial interest in the Mediterranean.Based on the ecological niche concept, that defines the potential distribution of a species according to the environmental conditions in which it is observed, we developed a contemporary and future distribution modelling procedure for marine species. This procedure includes an ensemble of statistical algorithms, future climate models and scenarios while accounting for common ecological niche modelling limitations. Applied to small pelagic fish and cephalopods, we projected major climate induced impacts in the Mediterranean Sea by 2100, including local extinctions in its south-eastern basin. Conversely, we projected a distributional range expansion of most of the studied species towards the North, Norwegian and Baltic seas. In the Gulf of Lion, the small pelagic fish distributional range shifts may indirectly impact their harvesting capacity as well as the productivity of low trophic levels. The combined effects of climate warming and the opening of the Suez Canal induced biological invasions, especially in the South-East Mediterranean. These non-indigenous Mediterranean species may be of commercial interest subject to future harvesting. After quantifying the invasive potential of several non-native Mediterranean marine species, according to their functional and ecological traits, we applied our modelling procedure to estimate their future distributional range expansion. We projected a major distributional range expansion of non-native species in the whole Mediterranean Sea by 2100, especially for warming exceeding 2°C.This work highlights the sensitivity of the Mediterranean Sea to climate change while proposing adaptation and conservation perspective of species and ecosystems facing the upcoming climate trends of the 21st century
DeAmicis, Stacey Lynn. "The long-term effects of Sargassum muticum (Yendo) Fensholt invasion on Zostera marina L. and its associated epibiota." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1007.
Full textSchimanski, Kate Bridget. "The importance of selective filters on vessel biofouling invasion processes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Biological Sciences, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/11299.
Full textZahmatkesh, Fatemeh. "Sampling, mapping and adding value to marine invasive seaweeds of the Iberian Peninsula." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83371.
Full textNon-indigenous species (NIS) can be defined as species that colonized new geographical areas where they were not present previously. Their increasing appearance has been causing considerable ecological and economic problems globally. Under this scope, biological invasion and invaders’ success has been an important topic during the last decades. Hundreds of marine NIS have been introduced around the world and seaweeds (marine macroalgae) are a significant part of them. Studies conducted worldwide in the last decade have been reporting around 250 species of introduced seaweeds. The northeast part of the Atlantic is especially known to be home to many introduced species and more than 100 introduced species of seaweeds are reported in Europe. This thesis will go through the processes of seaweeds invasion, from their introduction stage and their introduction vectors, to their invasive success, focusing on the main NIS of seaweeds that can be currently found at the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. Particularly, six NIS of seaweeds (Sargassum muticum, Grateloupia turuturu, Asparagopsis armata (including Falkenbergia rufolanosa stage), Undaria pinnatifida, Codium fragile spp. fragile and Colpomenia peregrina) were previously selected and sampled – based on DAFOR (Dominant, Abundant, Frequent, Occasional or Rare) cover ranges scale – along intertidal sites located within the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. As a result of the sampling, the distribution of those seaweeds has been updated for the area, producing a hotspot map of their presence and relative abundance. Furthermore, the environmental management of NIS was addressed, as well as their potential uses such as biofertilizers, bioactivities, feed and food, aiming to show how these species, which are jeopardizing the ecosystem, can be an excellent environmental resource of bioactive compounds with high industrial potential and high socio-economic revenue.
As espécies não nativas (ENN) podem ser definidas como espécies que colonizaram novas áreas geográficas onde não estavam presentes anteriormente. O seu crescente aparecimento tem causado consideráveis problemas ecológicos e económicos a nível mundial. Neste âmbito, a invasão biológica e o sucesso dessas invasões tem sido um tema importante nas últimas décadas. Centenas de ENN marinhas têm sido introduzidas em todo o mundo e macroalgas marinhas são uma parte significativa delas. Estudos realizados em todo o mundo na última década têm relatado cerca de 250 espécies de macroalgas introduzidas. O nordeste do Oceano Atlântico é especialmente conhecido por albergar muitas espécies introduzidas e mais de 100 espécies de macroalgas introduzidas são relatadas na Europa. Esta tese considerará os processos de invasão de macroalgas, desde a fase de introdução e de seus vectores de introdução, ao seu sucesso invasivo, com foco nas principais ENN de macroalgas que podem ser encontradas no noroeste da Península Ibérica. Particularmente, seis ENN de macroalgas (Sargassum muticum, Grateloupia turuturu, Asparagopsis armata (incluindo a sua fase Falkenbergia rufolanosa), Undaria pinnatifida, Codium fragile spp. fragile e Colpomenia peregrina) foram previamente seleccionadas e amostradas - com base na escala de cobertura DAFOR (Dominante, Abundante, Frequente, Ocasional ou Rara) – no espaço entre marés e ao longo de praias localizadas no noroeste da Península Ibérica. Como resultado da amostragem, a distribuição dessas macroalgas foi atualizada para a área de estudo, produzindo um mapa da sua presença e abundância relativa. Além disso, a gestão ambiental das ENN foi abordada, bem como seus potenciais usos, nomeadamente como biofertilizantes, alimentos, rações, compostos bioactivos, com o objectivo de mostrar como essas espécies, que estão comprometendo o ecossistema, podem ser um excelente recurso ambiental de compostos bioativos com alta potencial industrial e alta receita socioeconómica.
Morris, Theresa L. "Evaluation of Ships' Ballast Water as a Vector for Transfer of Pathogenic Bacteria to Marine Protected Areas in the Gulf of Mexico." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/149600.
Full textSimkanin, Christina. "Marine Bioinvasions in Anthropogenic and Natural Habitats: an Investigation of Nonindigenous Ascidians in British Columbia." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4845.
Full textGraduate
0329
Osgood, Geoffrey J. "Chondrichthyan conservation in marine protected areas: elucidating species associations in two chondrichthyan hotspots using non-invasive techniques." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/11775.
Full textGraduate
2021-05-08
Pintéus, Susete Filipa Gonçalves. "Adding value to the marine invaders Asparagopsis armata and Sargassum muticum." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30711.
Full textAs espécies invasoras marinhas são uma das principais ameaças à integridade dos ecossistemas marinhos, promovendo um desequilíbrio nas comunidades nativas, resultando em sérios impactos ecológicos e económicos. Entre as algas marinhas, a Sargassum muticum e a Asparagopsis armata são reconhecidas como invasoras de sucesso na Europa e América. Apesar de já terem sido efetuadas várias tentativas para controlar o avanço de invasores marinhos, nenhuma provou ser efetivamente eficaz, sendo, portanto, necessário desenvolver estratégias alternativas. Nas últimas décadas as algas marinhas têm sido estudadas devido às suas múltiplas propriedades biológicas. No entanto, um dos principais problemas associados à exploração destes componentes bioativos prende-se com a abundância de matéria prima que, na maioria dos casos, é escassa e sazonal, resultando a sua exploração em sérios danos ecológicos. Neste contexto, a exploração de organismos invasores marinhos oferece-nos uma dupla oportunidade – elevada disponibilidade do material biológico para extração de compostos bioativos com características únicas com vista ao desenvolvimento de novos produtos, e, por outro lado, através da sua recolha, a mitigação dos efeitos negativos provocados pela sua invasão, contribuindo deste modo para a integridade e sustentabilidade do ecossistema marinho. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho pretendeu avaliar o potencial antioxidante, antimicrobiano e anti-incrustante de extratos destas duas algas invasoras, bem como a quantificação e caracterização química dos compostos bioativos através de técnicas cromatográficas e espetroscópicas. Em acréscimo, foram também estudados os mecanismos de ação envolvidos nas bioatividades mais potentes. As propriedades antioxidantes foram avaliadas através da determinação do conteúdo total em polifenóis (TPC), da capacidade de destoxificação do radical 1,1-difenil-2-picril-hidrazil (DPPH) e da avaliação da capacidade de absorção do radical oxigénio (ORAC). A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada em Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli e Salmonella enteritidis, através da análise da inibição do seu crescimento. Neste âmbito, foi também avaliado o potencial de inibição de produção de biofilmes em Pseudomonas aeruginosa. As propriedades anti-incrustantes foram avaliadas através da análise da capacidade de inibição do crescimento de nove microalgas, nomeadamente Tetraselmis suecica, Tetraselmis chui, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Chaetoceros calcitrans, Cylindrotheca closterium, Nannochloropsis oculata, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Isocrysis galbana, Nannochloropsis gaditana e em cinco microrganismos marinhos, nomeadamente Vibrio anguillarum, Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas aquariorum e Edwardsiella tarda. Foi também testado o potencial dos extratos e das frações de ambas as algas na inibição da produção de biofilmes nos microorganismos Vibrio parahaemolyticus e Bacillus subtilis. Também no âmbito do potencial anti-incrustante foi proposto um novo modelo para avaliar as propriedades de anti-aderência dos extratos em pólipos de medusas, nomeadamente de Aurelia aurita e Phyllorhiza punctata. De uma forma geral, Sargassum muticum revelou ser a alga com maior potencial antioxidante, revelando propriedades citoprotetoras em condições de stress oxidativo que poderão estar relacionadas com a redução da produção de peróxido de hidrogénio e com bloqueio do processo apoptótico. Por outro lado, a alga Asparagopsis armata revelou o maior potencial antimicrobiano com um largo-espectro de atividade e com capacidade para inibir o desenvolvimento de biofilmes bacterianos. A ação antimicrobiana parece estar relacionada com danos na membrana citoplasmática e danos no ADN. Ambas as algas apresentam potencial anti-incrustante. Esta bioatividade foi mais evidente nos extratos brutos de ambas as algas, tendo-se verificado propriedades anti-algais, anti-bacterianas e de anti-aderência. Demonstra-se nesta investigação que ambas as algas apresentam propriedades bioativas relevantes com elevado potencial para serem usadas no desenvolvimento sustentável de novos produtos, resultando em benefícios económicos importantes. Por outro lado, na pesquisa de produtos naturais marinhos, um dos principais obstáculos para o desenvolvimento industrial de novos produtos prende-se com a escassez da matéria prima e os impactos ambientais negativos inerentes à recolha do material biológico. Neste contexto, as algas Sargassum muticum e Asparagopsis armata são invasores que ocorrem em abundância, não só na costa Portuguesa, mas em praticamente todo o mundo e, portanto, a sua recolha do meio ambiente para a exploração industrial dos seus compostos bioativos contribuirá para a restauração e equilíbrio do ecossistema marinho, transformando uma ameaça ambiental numa grande oportunidade sócio-económica.
Programa Doutoral em Ciência, Tecnologia e Gestão do Mar
Silva, Carla Ofélia Ferreira da. "Impact of the invasive seaweed Asparagopsis armata on coastal environments." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/30820.
Full textA introdução de espécies invasoras tem aumentado com a globalização e é reconhecida como uma das principais ameaças aos oceanos e a segunda causa da perda de biodiversidade. A alga vermelha Asparagopsis armata exibe um forte comportamento invasor induzindo mudanças significativas na comunidade invadida. O estudo do impacto desta invasora em espécies ecologicamente relevantes é crucial para a avaliação de risco. A avaliação de parâmetros ao nível suborganismal pode, portanto, fornecer indicadores precoces da exposição de A. armata e seus possíveis impactos nas populações naturais. Os resultados enfatizam a importância de se considerar respostas específicas in situ (biomarcadores), bem como respostas mais generalizadas e ecologicamente relacionadas, para identificar e avaliar os efeitos biológicos de A. armata no campo. Para validar a ferramenta de perfil de ácidos gordos (PAG), o caracol marinho G. umbilicalis foi exposto a três metais: cádmio, níquel e mercúrio, e mediu-se o teor de lipídios totais, peroxidação lipídica e PAG. A análise PAG sugeriu uma mudança no metabolismo dos ácidos gordos e indicou uma ligação entre a exposição a metais e adaptação homeoviscosa e resposta imune. Em particular, cinco ácidos gordos (ácidos palmítico, eicosatrienóico, araquidónico, eicosapentaenóico e docosahexaenóico) mostraram-se bons indicadores das respostas de G. umbilicalis aos metais utilizados, tendo, portanto, potencial para serem utilizados como biomarcadores de contaminação por metais em esta espécie. No uso continuado desta espécie, houve também a necessidade de a caracterizar bioquimicamente. Para avaliar as diferentes formas enzimáticas presentes no caracol marinho, foram utilizados diferentes substratos e inibidores seletivos. Além disso, os efeitos in vitro e in vivo do pesticida clorpirifos (CPF) sobre a atividade da AChE foram investigados, juntamente com os efeitos sobre o comportamento de caracóis. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que G. umbilicalis possui colinesterases com características de AChE. Além disso, o CPF inibiu a atividade da AChE tanto in vitro quanto in vivo, e a inibição da AChE foi positivamente correlacionada com o teste de viragem. Para compreender os mecanismos de toxicidade da invasora A. armata, os efeitos letais e subletais de A. armata foram investigados e as respostas de biomarcadores bioquímicos associadas ao metabolismo energético foram analisadas. Os resultados mostraram comprometimento do estado fisiológico dos invertebrados após a exposição a este exsuda do de algas. As concentrações mais altas de exsuda do aumentaram significativamente o conteúdo de l í pidos em ambos os organismos. No camarão, o teor de proteína, ETS e LDH também aumentaram significativamente. Ao contrário, esses parâmetros diminuíram significativamente em G. umbilicalis. Efeitos comportamentais foram observados em G. umbilicalis exposto ao exsuda do de A. armata, com redução no consumo de alimento e aumento do tempo de viragem. As defesas antioxidantes, dano oxidativo e parâmetro neuronal, bem como o perfil de ácidos gordos foram avaliados após exposição ao exsuda do de A. armata. Os resultados revelaram diferentes respostas metabólicas entre as espécies, indicando que o exsuda do de A. armata afetou os organismos por diferentes vias. Apesar de estudos anteriores indicarem que o exsuda do afetou a sobrevivência e o comportamento de G. umbilicalis, isso não parece resultar de stress oxidativo ou neurotoxicidade direcionada. Para P. elegans, a inibição da AChE e a diminuição da capacidade antioxidante com o aumento da LPO, sugere neurotoxicidade e stress oxidativo como mecanismos de toxicidade do exsudado para esta espécie. Para os ácidos gordos, houve diferenças mais pronunciadas para P. elegans com um aumento geral de PUFA, o que comumente significa um mecanismo de defesa que protege da ruptura da membrana. PUFAs ómega -3 ARA e DPA foram aumentados em ambos os invertebrados. Para avaliar os efeitos desse invasor em um cenário mais realista, foram avaliadas as variações nas comunidades nativas de algas marinhas intertidais e macroinvertebrados habitando poças rochosas com e sem a presença da macroalga invasora A. armata. Os resultados mostraram diferentes padrões na composição de macroalgas das comunidades, mas não para as comunidades macrobentónicas. Ellisolandia elongata foi a principal espécie de algas afetada pela invasão de A. armata. As poças invadid as tenderam a apresentar menor riqueza de espécies, apresentando uma estrutura mais constante e conservadora, com menor variação de sua composição taxonómica do que as poças sem A. armata. Este trabalho baseou -se na informação ecotoxicológica e ecológica para fornecer uma visão de como A. armata afeta invertebrados específicos e em comunidades costeiras no geral, abrangendo métodos em diferentes níveis de organização biológica que preparam o caminho para o teste de várias hipóteses na avaliação da toxicidade do exsudado de Asparagopsis armata. As análises de biomarcadores bioquímicos contribuem para o conhecimento dos efeitos subletais e impactos ecológicos nas comunidades. Auxiliando assim na compreensão abrangente dos mecanismos que levam a respostas de nível superior.
Programa Doutoral em Ciência, Tecnologia e Gestão do Mar
Holden, Jessica. "Beach-cast deposition, food provision, and commercial harvesting of a non-indigenous seaweed, Mazzaella japonica, in Baynes Sound, British Columbia." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7544.
Full textGraduate
2017-08-19
jjulin.holden@gmail.com