Journal articles: 'Invasive insects'

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Ramsfield, Tod D. "Evolving symbioses between insects and fungi that kill trees in Canada: new threats associated with invasive organisms." Canadian Entomologist 148, S1 (January 18, 2016): S160—S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2015.65.

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AbstractSymbiotic relationships between insects and fungi are known to cause tree mortality either through direct damage by larval feeding that can be facilitated by symbiotic fungi, or through insects vectoring pathogens directly to healthy trees. Within their native ranges, the impacts of many insect-fungus symbioses are restricted to weakened and declining trees; however, within the last century tree mortality caused by globally invasive insect–fungus associations has had a devastating impact on trees in both urban and natural forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, Canadian forests have been seriously affected by invasive organisms and an emerging threat is the expansion of a native bark beetle into the boreal forest of Alberta. This paper reviews the symbiotic relationships between selected invasive insects and pathogens that cause tree mortality within the urban and forested landscapes of Canada; it uses these case studies to illustrate potentially damaging new evolutionary trajectories.

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RIZALI, AKHMAD, MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI, PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO, and DAMAYANTI BUCHORI. "A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: A case study of Chromolaena odorata." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 20, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 1006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d200410.

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Abstract. Authors. 2019. A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: a case study of Chromolaena odorata. Biodiversitas 20: 1006-1011. Invasive species have been known to cause biotic homogenization. The presence of Chromolaena odorata, an alien invasive weed, in agricultural habitat has outcompeted many crop plants. The presence of alien invasive weed creates a new trophic interaction especially with local herbivores as well as other associate insects. This study was aimed to investigate a new trophic interaction that has been established between C. odorata, its introduced biological control agent, and local insects. The research was conducted in various land-use types in both of Arjuno and Bromo mountain landscape. In each landscape, we surveyed the population density of C. odorata and its biological control agent (a gall fly, Cecidochares connexa) as well as observed the diversity and abundance of other insects associated with C. odorata. Samples were taken along the transect lines at various altitudinal gradients, from 400 to 1100 m asl. In total, 124 species of insects were found associated with C. odorata which include herbivores, parasitoids, and predators. The difference of land-use types affected the population density of C. odorata but not its herbivores (i.e. C. connexa and aphids). A new association was found between the introduced insect, C. connexa and local parasitoids. The field survey also discovered new associations between the invasive weed with local herbivores such as aphids that are found with high abundance. The aphids were found to have a symbiosis interaction with ants such as Anoplolepis gracilipes (invasive species) and Dolichoderus thoracicus. In conclusion, the ecological consequence of the presence of invasive weed species is the shaping of a new trophic interaction with local insects, even with other invasive ant species. This interaction arguably is part of an ecological process that formed an equilibrium interaction which may cause either a negative or positive impact on C. odorata.

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Wanger, Thomas C., Arno C. Wielgoss, Iris Motzke, Yann Clough, Barry W. Brook, Navjot S. Sodhi, and Teja Tscharntke. "Endemic predators, invasive prey and native diversity." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1706 (September 8, 2010): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.1512.

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Interactions between native diversity and invasive species can be more complex than is currently understood. Invasive ant species often substantially reduce diversity in the native ants diversity that act as natural control agents for pest insects. In Indonesia (on the island of Sulawesi), the third largest cacao producer worldwide, we show that a predatory endemic toad ( Ingerophrynus celebensis ) controls invasive ant ( Anoplolepis gracilipes ) abundance, and positively affects native ant diversity. We call this the invasive-naivety effect (an opposite of enemy release), whereby alien species may not harbour anti-predatory defences against a novel native predator. A positive effect of the toads on native ants may facilitate their predation on insect vectors of cacao diseases. Hence, toads may increase crop yield, but further research is needed on this aspect. Ironically, amphibians are globally the most threatened vertebrate class and are strongly impacted by the conversion of rainforest to cacao plantations in Sulawesi. It is, therefore, crucial to manage cacao plantations to maintain these endemic toads, as they may provide critical ecosystem services, such as invasion resistance and preservation of native insect diversity.

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Hernández-L., N., Á. R. Barragán, S. Dupas, J. F. Silvain, and O. Dangles. "Wing shape variations in an invasive moth are related to sexual dimorphism and altitude." Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, no. 5 (January 27, 2010): 529–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748530999054x.

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AbstractWing morphology has great importance in a wide variety of aspects of an insect's life. Here, we use a geometric morphometric approach to test the hypothesis that variation, in insect wing morphology patterns, occurs between sexes and along altitudinal gradients for invasive species, despite their recent association to this environment. We explored the variation in wing morphology between 12 invasive populations of the invasive potato pest, Tecia solanivora, at low and high altitude in the central highlands of Ecuador. After characterizing sexual dimorphism in wing shape, we investigated if moths at higher elevations differ in wing morphology from populations at lower altitudes. Results indicate wing shape and size differences between sexes and between altitudinal ranges. Females showed larger, wider wings than males, while high altitude moths showed larger, narrow-shaped wings by comparison to low-altitude moths. GLM analyses confirmed altitude was the only significant determinant of this gradient. Our study confirms a sexual dimorphism in size and wing shape for the potato moth. It also confirms and extends predictions of morphological changes with altitude to an invasive species, suggesting that wing morphology variation is an adapted response contributing to invasion success of the potato moth in mountainous landscapes. Ours is one of the first studies on the morphology of invasive insects and represents a valuable contribution to the study of insect invasions because it both offers empirical support to previous genetic studies on T. solanivora as well as proving broader insight into the mechanisms behind morphological evolution of a recently introduced pest.

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Boykin, Laura M., Karen Armstrong, Laura Kubatko, and Paul De Barro. "DNA barcoding invasive insects: database roadblocks." Invertebrate Systematics 26, no. 6 (2012): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is12025.

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This study examines the genetic data coverage and availability in the Barcode of Life Database (BOLD), versions 2.5 and 3.0, and GenBank for the 88 invasive insects listed in the Global Invasive Species Database (http://www.issg.org). No data are recorded in either BOLD or GenBank for seven of those species. As a dedicated repository of curated barcode data BOLD is either missing data or contains inaccessible private data for 37 (42%) of the species while no data are available in GenBank for nine (8%) of the species. An evaluation of the Barcode Identification Number (BIN) scheme in BOLD ver. 3.0 was also evaluated and in 41% of cases the BIN contained more than one species. This essentially arose due to the 1% delimitation thresholds associated with the BINs and would result in misidentifications. Overall, more information is available from GenBank for the 88 invasive species listed on the Global Invasive Species Database, but quality checking is required to ensure that the data extracted from GenBank are of sufficient quality to make it useful. The implications of these results are discussed, with investment in parallel data silos suggested to be both costly and potentially an inefficient use of resources that may lead to loss of data if the means needed to maintain these databases become unavailable.

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CLARK, KENNETH L., NICHOLAS SKOWRONSKI, and JOHN HOM. "Invasive insects impact forest carbon dynamics." Global Change Biology 16, no. 1 (January 2010): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01983.x.

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Sunny, Anupam, Swati Diwakar, and Gyan Prakash Sharma. "Native insects and invasive plants encounters." Arthropod-Plant Interactions 9, no. 4 (June 30, 2015): 323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11829-015-9384-x.

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Kenis, Marc, Marie-Anne Auger-Rozenberg, Alain Roques, Laura Timms, Christelle Péré, Matthew J. W. Cock, Josef Settele, Sylvie Augustin, and Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde. "Ecological effects of invasive alien insects." Biological Invasions 11, no. 1 (July 24, 2008): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9318-y.

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9

Fuentes, Sigfredo, Yin Y. Wong, and Claudia Gonzalez Viejo. "Non-Invasive Biometrics and Machine Learning Modeling to Obtain Sensory and Emotional Responses from Panelists during Entomophagy." Foods 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070903.

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Insect-based food products offer a more sustainable and environmentally friendly source of protein compared to plant and animal proteins. Entomophagy is less familiar for Non-Asian cultural backgrounds and is associated with emotions such as disgust and anger, which is the basis of neophobia towards these products. Tradicional sensory evaluation may offer some insights about the liking, visual, aroma, and tasting appreciation, and purchase intention of insect-based food products. However, more robust methods are required to assess these complex interactions with the emotional and subconscious responses related to cultural background. This study focused on the sensory and biometric responses of consumers towards insect-based food snacks and machine learning modeling. Results showed higher liking and emotional responses for those samples containing insects as ingredients (not visible) and with no insects. A lower liking and negative emotional responses were related to samples showing the insects. Artificial neural network models to assess liking based on biometric responses showed high accuracy for different cultures (>92%). A general model for all cultures with an 89% accuracy was also achieved.

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Jarošík, Vojtěch, Marc Kenis, Alois Honěk, Jiří Skuhrovec, and Petr Pyšek. "Invasive Insects Differ from Non-Invasive in Their Thermal Requirements." PLOS ONE 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2015): e0131072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131072.

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11

Teulon, D. A. J., and I. A. W. Scott. "The use of suction traps for detection of unwanted invasive insects and other invertebrates." New Zealand Plant Protection 59 (August 1, 2006): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2006.59.4446.

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This paper reviews the potential for using suction traps especially existing networks to detect unwanted exotic insects and invertebrates invading new locations Suction traps are thought to sample small fragile slow and weak flying insects better than other methods Suction traps over 6 m high have been shown to catch invertebrates from at least 13 different insect orders and 87 different insect families as well as Acari (mites) and Araneae (spiders) Suction traps have provided the first location records for a number of aphid species and new records of invasive species Several issues require attention if suction traps are to become established tools for detection of unwanted invasive organisms These include minimising the cost of traps developing rapid identification methods establishing the optimum location of the traps and investigating the ability of suction traps to catch species in time for remedial action

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Kenis, M., W. Rabitsch, M. A. Auger-Rozenberg, and A. Roques. "How can alien species inventories and interception data help us prevent insect invasions?" Bulletin of Entomological Research 97, no. 5 (October 2007): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485307005184.

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AbstractInformation relevant to invasion processes and invasive alien insect species management in Central Europe was extracted from two databases: a compilation of two inventories of alien insects in Austria and Switzerland, and a list of interceptions of non-indigenous plant pests in Europe gathered by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation (EPPO) for the period 1995–2004. For one-third of the insects established in Switzerland and Austria, the region of origin is unclear. Others come mainly from North America, Asia and the Mediterranean region. Among the intercepted insects, 40% were associated with commodities from Asia, 32% from Europe and only 2% from North America. Sternorrhyncha, Coleoptera and Psocoptera were particularly well represented in the alien fauna compared to the native fauna. In the interception database, Sternorrhyncha were also well represented but Diptera accounted for the highest number of records. Sap feeders and detritivores were the dominant feeding niches in the alien insect fauna. In contrast, external defoliators, stem borers, gall makers, root feeders, predators and parasitoids were underrepresented. Nearly 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria live only indoors. Another 15% live outdoors but exclusively or predominantly on exotic plants. Less than 20% are found mainly in ‘natural’ environments. The majority of introductions of alien insects in Europe are associated with the international trade in ornamental plants. An economic impact was found for 40% of the alien insects in Switzerland and Austria, whereas none is known to have an ecological impact. The implications of these observations for further studies and the management of alien species in Europe are discussed.

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Trencheva, K., G. Trenchev, R. Tomov, and S. A. Wu. "Non-indigenous scale insects on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China: A survey." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 19, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.11578.

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A preliminary list of non-indigenous scale insect species on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China is presented. The sampling was done between April and November, 2009, in the framework of the project “Invasive scale insects on ornamental plants in Bulgaria and China”. The insects were collected in nurseries, parks, gardens, botanical collections and greenhouses. Representatives from four families have been identified in Bulgaria, the most numerous of which are the Diaspididae (eight species), Coccidae (four species), Pseudococcidae (two species) and Margarodidae (one species). Three species of non-indigenous scale insects associated with ornamental plants were collected in China, all belonging to the family Pseudococcidae. A list of alien scale insect species on ornamental plants is given, including the sampling sites, host plants on which they were found, origin and first report in both countries.

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Stryukova, N. "Invasive insects in the Republic of Crimea." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 6 (December 3, 2014): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/6837.

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Hunt, Brendan G., and Michael AD Goodisman. "Editorial overview: Social insects as invasive species." Current Opinion in Insect Science 46 (August 2021): iii—v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2021.08.003.

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Fenoglio, Stefano, Núria Bonada, Simone Guareschi, Manuel J. López-Rodríguez, Andrés Millán, and J. Manuel Tierno de Figueroa. "Freshwater ecosystems and aquatic insects: a paradox in biological invasions." Biology Letters 12, no. 4 (April 2016): 20151075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2015.1075.

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Biological invasions have increased significantly in response to global change and constitute one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. Insects make up a large fraction of invasive species, in general, and freshwaters are among the most invaded ecosystems on our planet. However, even though aquatic insects dominate most inland waters, have unparalleled taxonomic diversity and occupy nearly all trophic niches, there are almost no invasive insects in freshwaters. We present some hypotheses regarding why aquatic insects are not common among aquatic invasive organisms, suggesting that it may be the result of a suite of biological, ecological and anthropogenic factors. Such specific knowledge introduces a paradox in the current scientific discussion on invasive species; therefore, a more in-depth understanding could be an invaluable aid to disentangling how and why biological invasions occur.

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Skvarla, Michael J., and Jeffrey D. Holland. "Nontarget Insects Caught on Emerald Ash Borer Purple Monitoring Traps in Western Pennsylvania." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 28, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 219–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/28.4.219.

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Abstract Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive beetle attacking North American ash trees (Fraxinus L. [Oleaceae]). Populations in infested areas are monitored with purple sticky traps. During summer 2008, we monitored nine pairs of purple traps and clear control traps to determine which other insect families are attracted to these traps and whether these traps might be used to monitor other pest insects. We argue that monitoring bycatch in these traps could greatly increase the potential of finding other invasive species.

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Moser, Ariella Y., Wendy Y. Brown, Lewis A. Bizo, Nigel R. Andrew, and Michelle K. Taylor. "Biosecurity Dogs Detect Live Insects after Training with Odor-Proxy Training Aids: Scent Extract and Dead Specimens." Chemical Senses 45, no. 3 (January 10, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa001.

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Abstract Detector dogs could be trained to find invasive insect pests at borders before they establish in new areas. However, without access to the live insects themselves, odor training aids are needed to condition dogs to their scent. This proof-of-concept study assessed 2 potential training aids for insect detection: a scent extract and dead specimens of the target species. Using Musgraveia sulciventris (Hemiptera: Tessaratomidae) as an experimental model, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were carried out to compare the chemical headspaces that make up the odors of live specimens and these 2 training aids. This was then followed by canine scent-detection testing to investigate biosecurity detector dogs’ (n = 4) responses to training in an ecologically valid context. Both the scent extract and the dead specimens shared the majority of their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with live insects. Of the dogs trained with scent extract (n = 2), both were able to detect the live insects accurately, and of those trained with dead specimens (n = 2), one detected the live insects accurately. These findings lend support for these training aids as odor-proxies for live insects—particularly scent extract, which is a relatively novel product with the potential for broad application to facilitate and improve insect-detection training.

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Whitten, Miranda M. A., Paul D. Facey, Ricardo Del Sol, Lorena T. Fernández-Martínez, Meirwyn C. Evans, Jacob J. Mitchell, Owen G. Bodger, and Paul J. Dyson. "Symbiont-mediated RNA interference in insects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1825 (February 24, 2016): 20160042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0042.

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RNA interference (RNAi) methods for insects are often limited by problems with double-stranded (ds) RNA delivery, which restricts reverse genetics studies and the development of RNAi-based biocides. We therefore delegated to insect symbiotic bacteria the task of: (i) constitutive dsRNA synthesis and (ii) trauma-free delivery. RNaseIII-deficient, dsRNA-expressing bacterial strains were created from the symbionts of two very diverse pest species: a long-lived blood-sucking bug, Rhodnius prolixus , and a short-lived globally invasive polyphagous agricultural pest, western flower thrips ( Frankliniella occidentalis ). When ingested, the manipulated bacteria colonized the insects, successfully competed with the wild-type microflora, and sustainably mediated systemic knockdown phenotypes that were horizontally transmissible. This represents a significant advance in the ability to deliver RNAi, potentially to a large range of non-model insects.

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Wermelinger, Beat. "Invasive Gehölzinsekten: Bedrohung für den Schweizer Wald?" Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 165, no. 6 (June 1, 2014): 166–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2014.0166.

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Invasive tree insects: a menace to the Swiss forests? The rate of introduction of non-native insects and other arthropods to Europe has been exponentially increasing in recent decades, amounting to 20 species per year in the past ten years. By 2008, a total of 1590 species had been introduced since the discovery of America. The main causes are the intensification and globalization of international trade. The most important pathways are trade in ornamental plants and import of goods in infested wooden crates. Most often new species first establish in residential areas, where the normally mild climate favors the survival of exotic species. Three species recently introduced from East Asia to Switzerland are particularly relevant to forests: the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis) has infested box tree stands near Basel, the chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus) now covers almost all of southern Switzerland, with single infestations also on the Swiss Central Plateau, and two infestation spots of the Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) have been identified. Potential future species of invasive insects are discussed. The largescale introduction of foreign tree species in forests needs to be critically examined, as they may be hosts of current and future non-native insects.

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Sigareva, D., and V. Kharchenko. "Reproduction of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae) on different insect hosts under laboratory conditions." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 65 (December 20, 2019): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2019.65.161-174.

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Goal. To identify the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema feltiae isolate with a biological product «Entonem» ™ Copert) on the larvae and adults of different insect pests at various ways of their infection, and to explore the possibility of generating a significant amount of the invasive larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN). Research methods. The material for our study is the 7 types of test insects: larvae of the large and the small wax moth, castaneum flour, gyroscope, common cabbage butterfly, Kovalik pilosula, as well as the may beetle, which was used stage larvae, as well as individuals of adult beetles (imago). All the studied insects infected with EPN (pathogen — Steinernema feltiae with biopreparation «Entonem» (™Koppert)) in the laboratory on filter paper or in sterile soil. Recorded date of infection and death of insects and counted the number of allocated of each type of insect infective larvae of nematodes. Estimated duration of migration and reproductive potential of different test insects. Results. The use of different methods of infection (dry contact parasite and insect hosts on filter paper or by making a dose in sterile soil, which was placed insect-host) at a dose of 50 larvae per one insect, showed that in half of the cases a significant difference between them is not detected. However, castaneum flour, Kovalik pilosula and ordinary spinning top, the best was the method of contamination in the Petri dishes, and adults of the may beetle — in groundwater samples. The duration of the process of migration of larvae of the entomopathogenic nematodes from the cadavers of insect hosts ranged from 27—51 day and were more dependent on the insect host than from its method of infection. A short period of migration of the larvae of large and small wax moth (27—36 days), long (35—45) from larvae of a top common and castaneum flour, the longest period of time (48—51 hours) — larvae of cabbage butterflies and a beetle may. Performance in relation to the amount of the newly formed infective larvae determines the insect host. Among the investigated 7-insects-the home of highest performance was observed in the may beetle (115980—120060 larvae) and the cabbage (93440—97880 larvae). Less productive was the great wax moth, the flour castaneum and the grasshopper pelousy (respectively 26880 ± 420; 34500 ± 430; 32400 ± 673).Less productive are the common top, the May beetle (imago) and the small wax moth, in which from 15640 to 26880 invasive larvae were formed. Findings. In laboratory conditions, without significant material costs, you can get a sufficient number of entomopathogenic nematodes. The method of directly introducing entomopathogenic nematodes onto test insects in Petri dishes proved to be the best compared to soil invasion. The duration and volume of migration of larvae of entomopathogenic nematodes is determined mainly by the species of host insects. The shortest migration period was recorded in wax moth larvae (small and large), significantly longer (almost 1.5 times) in the larvae of May beetle and cabbage. The most productive in relation to juvenile larvae of EPN were the cabbage and the larvae of the May beetle, and the least productive ones were the common top, May beetle (imago) and small wax moth.

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Wong, M. M., C. L. Lim, and J. J. Wilson. "DNA barcoding implicates 23 species and four orders as potential pollinators of Chinese knotweed (Persicaria chinensis) in Peninsular Malaysia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 105, no. 4 (April 27, 2015): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485315000358.

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AbstractChinese knotweed (Persicaria chinensis) is of ecological and economic importance as a high-risk invasive species and a traditional medicinal herb. However, the insects associated with P. chinensis pollination have received scant attention. As a widespread invasive plant we would expect P. chinensis to be associated with a diverse group of insect pollinators, but lack of taxonomic identification capacity is an impediment to confirm this expectation. In the present study we aimed to elucidate the insect pollinators of P. chinensis in peninsular Malaysia using DNA barcoding. Forty flower visitors, representing the range of morphological diversity observed, were captured at flowers at Ulu Kali, Pahang, Malaysia. Using Automated Barcode Gap Discovery, 17 morphospecies were assigned to 23 species representing at least ten families and four orders. Using the DNA barcode library (BOLD) 30% of the species could be assigned a species name, and 70% could be assigned a genus name. The insects visiting P. chinensis were broadly similar to those previously reported as visiting Persicaria japonica, including honey bees (Apis), droneflies (Eristalis), blowflies (Lucilia) and potter wasps (Eumedes), but also included thrips and ants.

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Shipley, Nathan J., and Robert D. Bixler. "On the Need to Interpret Insects: An Always Small but Gargantuan Opportunity." Journal of Interpretation Research 21, no. 2 (November 2016): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721602100205.

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This position paper makes explicit what can be gained by increasing interpretive naturalists’ focus on interpreting insects and their close relatives, particularly in local and regional settings. Insects are widely loathed because a few species are highly irritating. Helping people become aware and observant of the overwhelming percentage of insects that stay hidden and are not bothersome, yet exhibit a wide range of intriguing shapes, adaptations, and behaviors can increase people's comfort in the outdoors. Environmental benefits include increased informal monitoring for invasive species and reduced irrational pesticide use. Understanding of how people are socialized into an interest in nature and natural history suggests a need for frequent and recurring experiences with nature over many years. Engaging with insects costs little and their ever-presence makes seeking these frequent formative experiences with nature readily available. Because interpretive naturalists interpret nature in situ, they are ideally skilled to facilitate human-insect experiences.

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Goode, Ashley B. C., and Dale Halbritter. "Entomological Research in the Classroom: The Dispersal of Biological Control Agents." American Biology Teacher 81, no. 4 (April 1, 2019): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2019.81.4.242.

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Biological experiments involving animals in K–12 classrooms can be time consuming or logistically difficult. Insects are small and easy to obtain, making them suitable for classroom use. We provide an experiment using insects that will teach students how to use the scientific method to formulate and test a hypothesis. The experiment is based on a case study involving an insect used as a biological control agent that targets an invasive weed, and the rigor of the experiment can easily be tailored to different grade levels. Using ~1 m2 arenas set up in the classroom, students measure insect jumping or walking distances as a proxy for dispersal capabilities in the field, and more advanced classes can investigate variables that affect jumping or walking distance and direction.

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Giovanetti, Manuela, Margarida Ramos, and Cristina Máguas. "Why so many flowers? A preliminary assessment of mixed pollination strategy enhancing sexual reproduction of the invasive <i>Acacia longifolia</i> in Portugal." Web Ecology 18, no. 1 (March 28, 2018): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/we-18-47-2018.

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Abstract. Acacia longifolia, a native legume from Australia, has been introduced in many European countries and elsewhere, thus becoming one of the most important global invasive species. In Europe, its flowering occurs in a period unsuitable for insect activity: nonetheless it is considered entomophilous. Floral traits of this species are puzzling: brightly coloured and scented as liked by insects, but with abundant staminate small-sized flowers and relatively small pollen grains, as it is common in anemophilous species. Invasion processes are especially favoured when reshaping local ecological networks, thus the interest in understanding pollination syndromes associated with invasive plant species that may facilitate invasiveness. Moreover, a striking difference exists between its massive flowering and relatively poor seed set. We introduced a novel approach: first, we consider the possibility that a part of the pollination success is carried on by wind and, second, we weighted the ethological perspective of the main pollinator. During the flowering season of A. longifolia (February–April 2016), we carried on exclusion experiments to detect the relative contribution of insects and wind. While the exclusion experiments corroborated the need for pollen vectors, we actually recorded a low abundance of insects. The honeybee, known pollinator of acacias, was relatively rare and not always productive in terms of successful visits. While wind contributed to seed set, focal observations confirmed that honeybees transfer pollen when visiting both the inflorescences to collect pollen and the extrafloral nectaries to collect nectar. The mixed pollination strategy of A. longifolia may then be the basis of its success in invading Portugal's windy coasts.

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Cruise, Angela, Madhavi L. Kakumanu, David W. Watson, and Coby Schal. "Effects of Carrion Relocation on the Succession of Newly Arriving Adult Necrophilous Insects." Journal of Medical Entomology 57, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz164.

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Abstract Ecological succession of necrophilous insects follows a predictable sequence, related to their differential attraction to changing odor profiles associated with carrion and colonizing insects. However, the dependency of insect arrival on the duration of the carrion’s residency at a location has not been investigated. To assess the fidelity of necrophilous insects to carrion of specific decomposition ages, independent of its location, we monitored the decomposition of neonate pigs in one field and then simultaneously relocated carcasses of different decomposition ages to an ecologically similar but remote field. We examined the effects of decomposition age and relocation on the assembly of the necrophilous insect community, using a novel vented-chamber trap, which excluded all sensory cues except odors. Community composition differed over a 4-d decomposition period, showing that insects were differentially attracted to pigs of different decomposition ages. There was overall concordance between respective decomposition ages in the two fields, with similar relative abundances of taxa before and after transfer. Although different decomposition ages continued to attract different insects, differentiation of the necrophilous insect communities relative to the age of decomposition was less pronounced after transfer. The results of this study demonstrate that translocating a decomposing body to a new, but geographically and ecologically similar location continues the predicted insect succession, albeit with greater variance, based on olfactory cues alone. Several rare taxa were sampled only prior to relocation, including the first documentation of the invasive hairy maggot blow fly, Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in central North Carolina.

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Buchori, Damayanti, Akhmad Rizali, Luna Lukvitasari, and Hermanu Triwidodo. "Insect Communities Associated with Siam Weed: Evaluation after Three Decades of Cecidochares connexa Release as Biocontrol Agent." Diversity 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2020): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12090344.

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Chromolaena odorata is well known as an invasive weed, and its existence in agricultural habitats causes an undesirable effect on crop plants. The invasion of C. odorata alters local biodiversity and shapes the new trophic interaction with local herbivores and other insects. This research was conducted to study the insect communities associated with C. odorata and evaluate the success of the release of Cecidochares connexa, the natural enemy of C. odorata. Field research was conducted in two different geographical regions in Bogor Regency (Java) and South Lampung Regency (Sumatera), Indonesia. In each region, we selected five villages that have two land-use types (oil palm plantations and open area) and contain a high population of C. odorata. Observation of insects and natural enemies of C. odorata was conducted in each land-use type using two methods: suction sampling and gall collection, which were performed in 30 plants as sampling units. In total, we found 255 species of insects associated with C. odorata. The difference of region affected the abundance of insects but not their species richness. The species composition of insects showed difference between regions as well as between land-use types. There was a positive correlation between elevation and species richness of insects. In addition, the population of C. connexa (gall numbers) was significantly affected by regions and was found to be higher in Bogor and Lampung. The same pattern also was shown for its parasitoids (based on parasitized galls). We found a negative relationship between the number as well as parasitize galls and elevation. In conclusion, the presence of C. odorata, as well as its natural enemies, shape the new trophic interaction with local insects, and as consequence, its introduced natural enemies may not be effective to control the population of C. odorata.

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MacLean, Meghan Graham, Jonathan Holt, Mark Borsuk, Marla Markowski-Lindsay, Brett J. Butler, David B. Kittredge, Matthew J. Duveneck, et al. "Potential Impacts of Insect-Induced Harvests in the Mixed Forests of New England." Forests 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11050498.

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Forest insects and pathogens have significant impacts on U.S. forests, annually affecting an area nearly three times that of wildfires and timber harvesting combined. However, coupled with these direct effects of forest insects and pathogens are the indirect impacts through influencing forest management practices, such as harvesting. In an earlier study, we surveyed private woodland owners in the northeastern U.S. and 84% of respondents indicated they intended to harvest in at least one of the presented insect invasion scenarios. This harvest response to insects represents a potentially significant shift in the timing, extent, and species selection of harvesting. Here we used the results from the landowner survey, regional forest inventory data, and characteristics of the emerald ash borer (Species: Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888) invasion to examine the potential for a rapidly spreading invasive insect to alter harvest regimes and affect regional forest conditions. Our analysis suggests that 25% of the woodland parcels in the Connecticut River Watershed in New England may intend to harvest in response to emerald ash borer. If the emerald ash borer continues to spread at its current rate within the region, and therefore the associated management response occurs in the next decade, this could result in an increase in harvest frequencies, from 2.6% year−1 (historically) to 3.7% year−1 through to approximately 2030. If harvest intensities remain at levels found in remeasured Forest Inventory and Analysis plots, this insect-initiated harvesting would result in the removal of 12%–13% of the total aboveground biomass. Eighty-one percent of the removed biomass would be from species other than ash, creating a forest disturbance that is over twice the magnitude than that created by emerald ash borer alone, with the most valuable co-occurring species most vulnerable to biomass loss.

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Mushakhian, Siamak, Mustapha Ouhimmou, and Mikael Rönnqvist. "Salvage harvest planning for spruce budworm outbreak using multistage stochastic programming." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 10 (October 2020): 953–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0283.

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Forest supply chain planning must deal with many natural disturbance uncertainties such as fires, insects, and windthrow. One important consideration is wood infestation by invasive insects, as it causes environmental and economic harm. An example of invasive insects in Eastern Canada is the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)), which is the most destructive insect in North America’s conifer stands. In 2017, more than 5 million ha of forest were defoliated by spruce budworm in Quebec. Repeated defoliation causes tree mortality, reduction of growth rates, and reduced lumber quality. Consequently, different wood qualities with greatly varied values are found in the forest. Changes in the outbreak intensity impact wood values throughout the forest. One of the common actions to mitigate the economic and environmental damages is salvage harvesting. However, because of the large uncertainties and lack of detailed information, it is a difficult problem to model. We propose a multistage stochastic mixed-integer programming model for harvest scheduling under various outbreak intensities. The objective is to maximize revenues of wood value minus logistic costs while satisfying demand for wood in the industry. The results show that when there is an outbreak throughout the forest, the priority for salvage harvesting is to focus on forest areas with the lowest level of infestation.

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Potter, Kevin, Maria Escanferla, Robert Jetton, and Gary Man. "Important Insect and Disease Threats to United States Tree Species and Geographic Patterns of Their Potential Impacts." Forests 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10040304.

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Diseases and insects, particularly those that are non-native and invasive, arguably pose the most destructive threat to North American forests. Currently, both exotic and native insects and diseases are producing extensive ecological damage and economic impacts. As part of an effort to identify United States tree species and forests most vulnerable to these epidemics, we compiled a list of the most serious insect and disease threats for 419 native tree species and assigned a severity rating for each of the 1378 combinations between mature tree hosts and 339 distinct insect and disease agents. We then joined this list with data from a spatially unbiased and nationally consistent forest inventory to assess the potential ecological impacts of insect and disease infestations. Specifically, potential host species mortality for each host/agent combination was used to weight species importance values on approximately 132,000 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) plots across the conterminous 48 United States. When summed on each plot, these weighted importance values represent an estimate of the proportion of the plot’s existing importance value at risk of being lost. These plot estimates were then used to identify statistically significant geographic hotspots and coldspots and of potential forest impacts associated with insects and diseases in total, and for different agent types. In general, the potential impacts of insects and diseases were greater in the West, where there are both fewer agents and less diverse forests. The impact of non-native invasive agents, however, was potentially greater in the East. Indeed, the impacts of current exotic pests could be greatly magnified across much of the Eastern United States if these agents are able to reach the entirety of their hosts’ ranges. Both the list of agent/host severities and the spatially explicit results can inform species-level vulnerability assessments and broad-scale forest sustainability reporting efforts, and should provide valuable information for decision-makers who need to determine which tree species and locations to target for monitoring efforts and pro-active management activities.

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Korell, Lotte, Martin Schädler, Roland Brandl, Susanne Schreiter, and Harald Auge. "Release from Above- and Belowground Insect Herbivory Mediates Invasion Dynamics and Impact of an Exotic Plant." Plants 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120544.

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The enemy-release hypothesis is one of the most popular but also most discussed hypotheses to explain invasion success. However, there is a lack of explicit, experimental tests of predictions of the enemy-release hypothesis (ERH), particularly regarding the effects of above- and belowground herbivory. Long-term studies investigating the relative effect of herbivores on invasive vs. native plant species within a community are still lacking. Here, we report on a long-term field experiment in an old-field community, invaded by Solidago canadensis s. l., with exclusion of above- and belowground insect herbivores. We monitored population dynamics of the invader and changes in the diversity and functioning of the plant community across eight years. Above- and belowground insects favoured the establishment of the invasive plant species and thereby increased biomass and decreased diversity of the plant community. Effects of invertebrate herbivores on population dynamics of S. canadensis appeared after six years and increased over time, suggesting that long-term studies are needed to understand invasion dynamics and consequences for plant community structure. We suggest that the release from co-evolved trophic linkages is of importance not only for the effect of invasive species on ecosystems, but also for the functioning of novel species assemblages arising from climate change.

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Kokotovich, Adam E., Jason A. Delborne, Johanna Elsensohn, and Hannah Burrack. "Emerging Technologies for Invasive Insects: The Role of Engagement." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 113, no. 4 (March 16, 2020): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saz064.

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Abstract Emerging technologies have the potential to offer new applications for managing invasive insects. While scientific and technological advancements are vital to realizing this potential, the successful development and use of these applications will also largely depend on community and stakeholder engagement. To contribute to a relevant and rigorous envisioning of engagement for emerging technologies for invasive insects (ETII), we begin by reviewing key insights on engagement from three scholarly fields: invasive species management, responsible research and innovation, and ecological risk assessment. Across these fields we glean best practices for engagement for ETII: 1) pursue engagement across decision phases and sectors; 2) select context-appropriate participants and methods; and 3) recognize and navigate engagement-related tensions. We illustrate these best practices by describing an ongoing project that uses engagement to inform risk assessment and broader decision making on biotechnologies being developed to address the Spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) invasive fruit fly. We describe completed and planned engagement activities designed to identify and prioritize potential adverse effects, benefits, management actions, and research actions of the proposed genetically engineered sterile male, gene drive, and RNAi biotechnologies. In the face of broadening calls for engagement on emerging technologies, this article provides theoretical and empirical insights that can guide future engagement for ETII.

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Han, Wen-Hao, Chi Zou, Li-Xin Qian, Chao Wang, Xiao-Wei Wang, Yin-Quan Liu, and Xin-Ru Wang. "Functional Analysis of Alkaline Phosphatase in Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Middle East Asia Minor 1 and Mediterranean) on Different Host Plants." Genes 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040497.

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Alkaline phosphatases (ALPs: EC 3.1.3.1) are ubiquitous enzymes and play crucial roles in the fundamental phosphate uptake and secretory processes. Although insects are regarded as the most diverse group of organisms, the current understanding of ALP roles in insects is limited. As one type of destructive agricultural pest, whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a phloem feeder and invasive species, can cause extensive crop damage through feeding and transmitting plant diseases. In this study, we retrieved five ALP genes in MEAM1 whitefly, nine ALP genes in MED whitefly via comparative genomics approaches. Compared with nine other insects, whiteflies’ ALP gene family members did not undergo significant expansion during insect evolution, and whiteflies’ ALP genes were dispersed. Moreover, whiteflies’ ALP gene family was conserved among insects and emerged before speciation via phylogenetic analysis. Whiteflies’ ALP gene expression profiles presented that most ALP genes have different expression patterns after feeding on cotton or tobacco plants. Female/male MED whiteflies possessed higher ALP activities on both cotton and tobacco plants irrespective of sex, relative to MEAM1 whiteflies. Meanwhile, adult MED whiteflies possessed higher ALP activity in both whole insect and salivary samples, relative to MEAM1 whiteflies. We also found that both MED and MEAM1 whiteflies could upregulate ALP activities after feeding on cotton compared with feeding on tobacco plants. These findings demonstrated the functions of whiteflies ALPs and will assist the further study of the genomic evolution of insect ALPs.

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Augul, Razzaq, and Hanaa Al-Saffar. "SURVEY WITH CHECKLIST OF THE INVASIVE INSECTS TO IRAQ." Bulletin of the Iraq Natural History Museum 15, no. 3 (June 27, 2019): 343–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26842/binhm.7.2019.15.3.0343.

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Finley, Kaelyn, and Sophan Chhin. "Forest Health Management and Detection of Invasive Forest Insects." Resources 5, no. 2 (May 7, 2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources5020018.

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Martynov, V. V., T. V. Nikulina, I. V. Shokhin, and E. N. Terskov. "Contributions to the fauna of invasive insects of Ciscaucasia." Field Biologist Journal 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 99–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.18413/2658-3453-2020-2-2-99-122.

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The paper presents results of field surveys conducted in 2015–2019 in the territory of 9 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, Rostov Region, Kabardino- Balkarian Republic, Republic of North Ossetia – Alania, Republic of Ingushetia, Chechen Republic, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Kalmykia within the Ciscaucasian region. 36 species of invasive insects from 6 orders (Mantodea, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera) were registered, of these 1 species ones was first recorded for the fauna of the Ciscaucasia, 15 ones were registered for the first time for North Ossetia, there was 12 such species in the Stavropol Territory, 9 ones in the Chechen Republic, 8 species were first listed for Ingushetia, 5 species first noted for each the Krasnodar Territory and Dagestan respectively, 4 ones – for Rostov Region and Kalmykia respectively, 3 ones – for Kabardino-Balkaria. An annotated list of identified species is given.

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Bertelsmeier, Cleo. "Globalization and the anthropogenic spread of invasive social insects." Current Opinion in Insect Science 46 (August 2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2021.01.006.

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Moussa, Zinette, Elia Choueiri, and Abdallah Hanna. "New Invasive Insects Associated with Oak Forests in Lebanon." Arab Journal for Plant Protection 39, no. 2 (June 2021): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22268/ajpp-039.2.164172.

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Oak forests (Fagaceae) are native in Lebanonand occupy the largest areas of approximately 40,000 ha. The most common species are Quercus calliprinos, Q. infectoria, Q. cerris var. pseudo cerris andQ.brantii. Due to climate change and human activities, oak forests have become more vulnerable to native and exotic invasive pests. A total of 26insect species associated with oak trees were recently identified in Lebanon. The most dangerous insect pestisthe gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera), onQ. calliprinos andQ. Cerris. The oak leafminer Phyllonorycter libanotica (Lepidoptera)and the Eriophidae(Accari) arethe most species recorded on Q. infectoriaand Q.calliprinosfollowed by the giant mealybug Ceroputo pilosellae(Hemiptera) on Q. infectoriaand Q.calliprinosandthe oak mothThaumetopoea sp.(Lepidoptera) on Q. calliprinos and Q. Cerris. Eightnew species were recorded for the first time in Lebanon on oak and are listed in this paper. Fivespecies of Cinipidae (Hymenoptera): Andricus caputmedusae, A. cecconi, A. sternlichti, Plagiotrochus quercusilicisand Neuroterus quercusbaccarum, one speciesof Scolytidae,Xylosandrus compactus(Coleoptera),one species ofKermesidaeKermes echinatus (Hemiptera)and one species of Diaspididae,Koroneaspis aegilopos(Hemiptera).Keywords: Lebanon, oak, forest decline, invasive species, outbreak

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Hulcr, Jiri, and Robert R. Dunn. "The sudden emergence of pathogenicity in insect–fungus symbioses threatens naive forest ecosystems." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1720 (July 13, 2011): 2866–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1130.

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Invasive symbioses between wood-boring insects and fungi are emerging as a new and currently uncontrollable threat to forest ecosystems, as well as fruit and timber industries throughout the world. The bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) constitute the large majority of these pests, and are accompanied by a diverse community of fungal symbionts. Increasingly, some invasive symbioses are shifting from non-pathogenic saprotrophy in native ranges to a prolific tree-killing in invaded ranges, and are causing significant damage. In this paper, we review the current understanding of invasive insect–fungus symbioses. We then ask why some symbioses that evolved as non-pathogenic saprotrophs, turn into major tree-killers in non-native regions. We argue that a purely pathology-centred view of the guild is not sufficient for explaining the lethal encounters between exotic symbionts and naive trees. Instead, we propose several testable hypotheses that, if correct, lead to the conclusion that the sudden emergence of pathogenicity is a new evolutionary phenomenon with global biogeographical dynamics. To date, evidence suggests that virulence of the symbioses in invaded ranges is often triggered when several factors coincide: (i) invasion into territories with naive trees, (ii) the ability of the fungus to either overcome resistance of the naive host or trigger a suicidal over-reaction, and (iii) an ‘olfactory mismatch’ in the insect whereby a subset of live trees is perceived as dead and suitable for colonization. We suggest that individual cases of tree mortality caused by invasive insect–fungus symbionts should no longer be studied separately, but in a global, biogeographically and phylogenetically explicit comparative framework.

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BĂLĂCENOIU, Flavius, Andrei BUZATU, Dragoș TOMA, Alina ALEXANDRU, and Constantin NEȚOIU. "Occurrence of invasive insects on woody plants in the main green areas from Bucharest city." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 48, no. 3 (August 31, 2020): 1649–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha48311903.

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In the current context of globalization, biological invasion of alien species has an important impact on environment, economics or human health. Particularly, the spread of these species in urban green areas, is problematic due to several reasons. The aim of this research was to report the presence of invasive insects on woody plants in the main parks across Bucharest (namely Alexandru Ioan Cuza Park, Bucharest Botanical Garden, Cișmigiu Gardens, King Michael I Park, USAMV Campus, Youth Park). Field observations were done during the summer of 2019 (July) and the protocols recently developed by the experts from “Marin Drăcea” National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry were used. It was identified twelve invasive insects species: Aproceros leucopoda (Hymenoptera: Argidae), Cameraria ohridella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), Corythucha arcuata (Hemiptera: Tingidae), Corythucha ciliata (Hemiptera: Tingidae), Cydalima perspectalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), Dasineura gledithchiae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Eopineus strobus (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), Macrosaccus robiniella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), Nematus tibialis (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), Obolodiplosis robiniae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Parectopa robiniella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae), Prociphilus fraxinifoli (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

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Sánchez, Omar, and Andrés Arias. "All That Glitters Is Not Gold: The Other Insects That Fall into the Asian Yellow-Legged Hornet Vespa velutina ‘Specific’ Traps." Biology 10, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10050448.

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The introduction of invasive species is considered one of the major threats to the biodiversity conservation worldwide. In recent years, an Asian invasive species of wasp has set off alarms in Europe and elsewhere in the world, Vespa velutina. The Asian wasp was accidentally introduced in France around 2004 and shortly thereafter it was able to colonise practically all of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula. The ecological and economic implications of V. velutina invasion and its high colonisation ability have triggered widespread trapping campaigns, usually supported by beekeepers and local governments, with the aim of diminishing its population and its negative impacts. Among the most used control methods are the capture traps, which use a sugary attractant to catch the invasive wasps. However, the species-specific selectivity and efficiency of these traps has been little studied. In this paper, we have analysed the specific identity of the unintentionally trapped insect species from northern Spain (covering one-year period), as well as we have assessed the provided ecosystem services by them. A total of 74 non-target taxa of insects were caught by the V. velutina studied traps, most of them correspond to the orders Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera, the dipterans being the most abundant group. Surprisingly, the most abundant trapped species was the invasive fly, Drosophila suzukii that represented the 36.07% of the total catches. Furthermore, we reported the first record of ectoparasitic mites of the genus Varroa on V. velutina, constituting a newly recorded symbiotic association. Hopefully, the provided information helps to develop new protocols and management tools to control this invasive species in the Iberian Peninsula and other temperate areas of western Europe and the Mediterranean basin.

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Potamitis, Ilyas, Iraklis Rigakis, Nicolaos-Alexandros Tatlas, and Spyros Kouzoupis. "A novel electronic gate that identifies and counts bees based on their RGB backscattered light." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929201005.

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In this work, we present an electronic gate that aims to extract a deeper representational signal of the color characterization of the main body of an insect, namely: a) we record the backscattered light and not the extinction light as commonly done, b) a color sensor analyses backscattered light to individual RGB channels independently to grasp the melanization, microstructural and color features of the wing and body of the insects passing the gate. We present all the necessary details to reproduce the device and we analyze many insects of interest like the bee Apis mellifera and the wasp Polistes gallicus. The electronic gate is attached to the entrance of the beehive and counts foraging activity. The backscattered light intensity can quantify the size of the incoming insect and discern a drone and a worker bee from a queen bee while the color measurements aim to recognize invasive species so that the gate closes and the beekeepers are alerted.

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Nahrung, Helen F., and Angus J. Carnegie. "Border interceptions of forest insects established in Australia: intercepted invaders travel early and often." NeoBiota 64 (January 21, 2021): 69–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.60424.

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Invasive forest insects continue to accumulate in Australia (and worldwide) and cause significant impacts through costs of prevention, eradication and management, and through productivity losses and environmental and biodiversity decline. We used our recent non-native Australian forest insect species inventory to analyse border interception rates (2003–2016) of established species, and link interception frequencies with biological traits, historical establishment patterns, commodities and countries of origin. The strongest predictor of interception frequency was year of establishment. Polyphagous species were more likely to be intercepted, as were more concealed species, although this latter likely reflects the higher interceptions of bostrichid borers and other wood-boring Coleoptera relative to other taxa. Interceptions occurred more often for species native to Asia; in contrast, interceptions from other regions were more likely to be of species invasive there. While interception frequencies did not provide a good overall indicator of contemporaneous species establishments, wood and bark borers were more closely linked for establishments and interceptions. The first fifty forest insect species to establish comprised 85% of all border interceptions of established species between 2003 and 2016, while the most-recent fifty species represented just 6% of interceptions. We suggest that early-establishing species are among the “super-invaders” that continue to move globally, while more recent invasive species may be exploiting new trade pathways, new commodity associations, or changes in dynamics in their countries of origin.

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Viktorov, A. G. "GENETIC METHODS OF INSECT CONTROL. HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE." Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 14, no. 1 (March 10, 2021): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/1996-1499-2021-14-1-51-63.

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The review considers the main stages in the development of genetic method of insect control: 1) The idea of A.S. Serebrovsky, who suggested releasing males with non-viable translocations into nature; 2) "Z-lethal" method of V.A. Strunnikov for control of harmful Lepidoptera, which consists in the release of males carrying two non-allelic recessive mutations in the sex Z-chromosomes into nature; 3) Sterile insect technique (SIT) used widely in practice in the second half of the XX-th century; 4) Genetically engineered biotechnology RIDL (Release of Insects carrying a Dominant Lethal) used in practice to control the invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti , the vector of Zika viruses and yellow fever. It is generalized that the main opponent of the genetic method of insect control is natural selection, which supports females, choosing natural rather than sterile or "genetically modified" males on mating. It follows from the above that genetic methods of control can be effective only in control of invasive species have not spread widely yet.

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DiGirolomo, Marc F., and Kevin J. Dodds. "Comparison of the species richness and abundance of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) and Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) captured in aerial malaise traps with and without a bottom collector." Canadian Entomologist 149, no. 3 (January 24, 2017): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2016.70.

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AbstractMethods for detection and monitoring invasive insect species are continually being refined and developed. Detecting invasive pests early can improve chances of eradication or management of populations. Aerial malaise traps are successfully used in monitoring for insects such as longhorned beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). These traps have both a top and bottom collecting cup. The bottom portion of these traps leading to the collection cup collects canopy litter at a high rate, greatly increasing time required to sort through and possibly affecting the diversity and abundance of insects captured. Traps with top and bottom collecting cups were compared with traps with only top collecting cups to determine the effect on species richness and abundance of cerambycids and scolytines. There was no significant difference in species richness and abundance of cerambycids, and abundance of scolytines, however species richness of scolytines was significantly higher in top/bottom traps. We conclude that removing the bottoms from aerial malaise traps would benefit monitoring programmes that use this type of trap in combination with funnel traps, albeit with the potential loss of information on scolytine richness.

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CONSTANTINO, REGINALDO. "Termite taxonomy from 2001–2021: the contribution of Zootaxa." Zootaxa 4979, no. 1 (May 28, 2021): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4979.1.22.

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Termites comprise a relatively small group of insects, with 3176 known species (2976 living and 200 fossil) (Constantino 2020). They include, however, very important urban and agricultural pests, and also major decomposers of plant matter in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in the tropics. For instance, the annual economic impact of a single invasive termite species, Coptotermes formosanus, was estimated as US$11 billion in the United States in 1999 (Su 2002), placing it among the most important insect pests in the world.

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Holt, Jonathan R., Mark E. Borsuk, Brett J. Butler, David B. Kittredge, Danelle Laflower, Meghan G. MacLean, Marla Markowski‐Lindsay, David Orwig, and Jonathan R. Thompson. "Landowner functional types to characterize response to invasive forest insects." People and Nature 2, no. 1 (December 16, 2019): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10065.

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Schilling, F., K. Dworschak, R. Schopf, R. Kuhn, S. J. Glaser, and A. Haase. "Non-invasive lipid measurement in living insects using NMR microscopy." Journal of Experimental Biology 215, no. 18 (June 1, 2012): 3137–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.071209.

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MILLER-PIERCE, MAILEA R., and EVAN L. PREISSER. "Asymmetric priority effects influence the success of invasive forest insects." Ecological Entomology 37, no. 5 (August 26, 2012): 350–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.2012.01371.x.

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Zhang, RunZhi, YaPing Zhang, and YouXu Jiang. "Threat and management strategies of potentially invasive insects in China." Science in China Series C: Life Sciences 52, no. 10 (October 2009): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11427-009-0126-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Invasive insects'

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