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Zhang, Aiying, Xunyu Hu, Shenhao Yao, Mingjian Yu, and Zhixia Ying. "Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112241.
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Invasive species are a subset of naturalized species, and naturalized species are a subset of alien species. Determining the relationship among these three assemblages would be helpful in predicting and preventing biological invasion. Here, we reviewed the families, lifeforms, origins, introduction pathways and phylogenetic diversity of alien, naturalized and invasive vascular plants in China. The results show that species in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae families had a high dominance among alien, naturalized and invasive species. Moreover, almost all alien species in the Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae and Euphorbiaceae families became naturalized species, and about 26.7% of the naturalized species became invasive species. Perennial herbs comprised a higher proportion of alien species than did annual herbs, though annual herbs were more suited to becoming invasive than perennial herbs. A considerable proportion (57.8%) of invasive species were introduced from America. More than half (56.5%) of alien species were introduced for their ornamental value, and half of these have become naturalized in China. Moreover, about half (55.2%) of all invasive species were introduced for their economic value (including ornamental, foraging and medicinal purposes). Invasive species were phylogenetically clustered and phylogenetically distant from alien and naturalized species, which indicates that phylogenetic differences could be helpful in becoming invasive. There is no doubt that human activity plays a significant role in biological invasion. This study suggests that when introducing alien species to a region, decision-makers should certainly consider the species’ phylogeny, beyond just its fundamental characteristics.
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Reid, Vanessa. "Invasive Alien Species themed issue." Biodiversity 22, no. 1-2 (April 3, 2021): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2021.1947378.
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Mizutani, Tomoo, and Koichi Goka. "Japan's Invasive Alien Species Act." Applied Entomology and Zoology 45, no. 1 (2010): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/aez.2010.65.
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Yessoufou, Kowiyou, Bezeng S. Bezeng, Orou G. Gaoue, Thato Bengu, and Michelle van der Bank. "Phylogenetically diverse native systems are more resistant to invasive plant species on Robben Island, South Africa." Genome 62, no. 3 (March 2019): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2018-0039.
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Alien invasive species are problematic both economically and ecologically, particularly on islands. As such, understanding how they interact with their environment is necessary to inform invasive species management. Here, we ask the following questions: What are the main functional traits that correlate with invasion success of alien plants on Robben Island? How does phylogenetic structure shape biotic interactions on the island? Using multiple approaches to explore these questions, we found that alien invasive species flower later during the year and for longer period, although flowering phenology was sensitive to alternative starting date. Additionally, we observed that alien invasive species are mostly abiotically pollinated and are generally hermaphroditic whilst their native counterparts rely on biotic pollinators, flower earlier, and are generally dioecious, suggesting that alien invasive and native species use different ecological niches. Furthermore, we found a facilitative interaction between an alien invasive legume and other invasive plants as predicted by the invasional meltdown hypothesis, but this does not influence the phylogenetic structure of plant communities. Finally, phylogenetically diverse set of native species are less receptive to alien invasive species. Collectively, our findings reveal how biotic interactions and phylogenetic relatedness structure alien invasive – native co-existence.
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Wang, Xiao Hong, Ya Jing Liu, and Li Na Guo. "The Invasive Species Risk Assessment and Prediction System Based on GIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1052.
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With the international economic and trade exchanges, biological invasion has become an important factor in the threat of biological diversity and ecological environment. In order to prevent and control exotic species invasion, using of GIS-based geospatial technology to the potential distribution of invasive species risk assessment can provide the basis for ecological management of invasive alien species better, thus reducing the economic losses due to invasive alien species caused to our country. To this point, the study had done a secondary development based on ArcGIS Engine component. It used niche model to analysis and study potential suitable distribution of alien pests in China, conduct a risk assessment to them. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to access the prediction accuracy Analyzed the impact of the distribution of invasive alien species` main environmental variables. It provided a theoretical basis for ecological management of invasive alien species.
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YEO, DARREN C. J., and CHERYL S. W. CHIA. "INTRODUCED SPECIES IN SINGAPORE: AN OVERVIEW." COSMOS 06, no. 01 (August 2010): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607710000486.
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An overview of the invasive alien species situation in Singapore is presented. An updated checklist of introduced or alien animals in Singapore is provided; of the 142 species of invertebrates and vertebrates documented, more than 70% are considered established. A brief introduction and discussion of pertinent definitions and terminology for describing invasive alien species, with particular reference to Singapore, is included. In addition, important pathways for biological invasion into Singapore are highlighted, and legislation and institutional roles with respect to alien species issues in Singapore are summarized, featuring examples of management programmes. The article concludes by identifying areas emphasized in recently published alien species research in Singapore and knowledge gaps that need to be filled.
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Milanović, Marija, Sonja Knapp, Petr Pyšek, and Ingolf Kühn. "Trait–environment relationships of plant species at different stages of the introduction process." NeoBiota 58 (July 1, 2020): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.58.51655.
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The success of alien plant species can be attributed to differences in functional traits compared to less successful aliens as well as to native species, and thus their adaptation to environmental conditions. Studies have shown that alien (especially invasive) plant species differ from native species in traits such as specific leaf area (SLA), height, seed size or flowering period, where invasive species showed significantly higher values for these traits. Different environmental conditions, though, may promote the success of native or alien species, leading to competitive exclusion due to dissimilarity in traits between the groups. However, native and alien species can also be similar, with environmental conditions selecting for the same set of traits across species. So far, the effect of traits on invasion success has been studied without considering environmental conditions. To understand this interaction we examined the trait–environment relationship within natives, and two groups of alien plant species differing in times of introduction (archaeophytes vs. neophytes). Further, we investigated the difference between non-invasive and invasive neophytes. We analyzed the relationship between functional traits of 1,300 plant species occurring in 1000 randomly selected grid-cells across Germany and across different climatic conditions and land-cover types. Our results show that temperature, precipitation, the proportion of natural habitats, as well as the number of land-cover patches and geological patches affect archaeophytes and neophytes differently, regarding their level of urbanity (in neophytes negative for all non-urban land covers) and self-pollination (mainly positive for archaeophytes). Similar patterns were observed between non-invasive and invasive neophytes, where additionally, SLA, storage organs and the beginning of flowering were strongly related to several environmental factors. Native species did not express any strong relationship between traits and environment, possibly due to a high internal heterogeneity within this group of species. The relationship between trait and environment was more pronounced in neophytes compared to archaeophytes, and most pronounced in invasive plants. The alien species at different stages of the invasion process showed both similarities and differences in terms of the relationship between traits and the environment, showing that the success of introduced species is context-dependent.
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Garg, Arti, and Vineet Singh. "Alien Invasive Elements of Upper Ganga Ramsar Site, Uttar Pradesh, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2015-dhke37.
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Invasive alien species of Upper Ganga Ramsar Site in Uttar Pradesh and their impact on the wetland ecosystem is discussed. In all 69 alien invasive species under 58 genera and 32 families were recorded of which there were 55 herbs, 5 climbers/twiners, 5 shrubs, 2 undershrubs and 2 tree species. The alien invasives of American origin dominated while the family Asteraceae showed maximum representation. It is inferred that stringent measures need to be adopted for combating the spread of alien invasives in order to conserve the wetland biodiversity and loss of indigenous species for habitat conservation.
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Wilgan, Robin. "Mycorrhizal symbiosis of alien and invasive tree species." Forest Research Papers 81, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2020-0005.
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AbstractThe introduction of alien tree species has become a world wide phenomenon over the last centuries and the cultivation of these species is an economically important branch of forestry in many countries. However, the cultivation of alien plant species poses the threat of introducing potentially invasive species, both trees and its mutualistic symbionts, such as mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi are obligatory symbionts and a key element in the proper development and functioning of trees. It is thought that mycorrhizal fungi may also profoundly influence the invasiveness of alien tree species worldwide, with the proper fungal species acting as a driver to make this invasion possible. Co-invasion of alien trees and its mutualistic symbionts are well-known in the case of pines and co-invading ectomycorrhizal fungi in the southern hemisphere.Invasive tree species constitute a major ecological and economic problem through intense competition and modification of local habitats leading to a decline in biodiversity and potentially threatening many rare, native and endangered species, including fungi. Despite the fundamental role that fungi have in the functioning of forests, the impact alien tree species could have on mycorrhizal fungi in native forest ecosystems has not received much attention.Understanding the relationships between mycorrhizal fungi and alien tree species can allow us to better predict and counter- act alien species invasions, which is necessary in order to maintain biodiversity and preserve native ecosystems. On top of that, climate change could threaten some European tree species and thus free ecological niches for other species, like alien, invasive or potentially invasive trees.
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Yessoufou, Kowiyou, and Annie Estelle Ambani. "Are Introduced Alien Species More Predisposed to Invasion in Recipient Environments If They Provide a Wider Range of Services to Humans?" Diversity 13, no. 11 (October 30, 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110553.
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The drivers of invasion success of alien species remain, to some extent, a matter of debate. Here, we suggest that the services (the benefits humans obtain from a species) provided by alien plants could predict their invasion status, such that alien species providing more services would be more likely to be invasive than not. The rationale for this expectation is that alien species providing multiple services stand a better chance of being introduced in various numbers and multiple times outside their native range (propagule pressure theory). We investigated this hypothesis on alien woody species in South Africa. First, we defined 12 services provided by all the 210 known naturalized alien woody plants in South Africa. Then, we tested for a phylogenetic signal in these services using a DNA barcode-based phylogeny. Finally, we tested for potential links between the services and invasion status by fitting GLM models with appropriate error families. We found a phylogenetic signal in most services, suggesting that closely related species tend to provide similar services. Counter-intuitively, we consistently found that alien non-invasive species tend to provide more services, or even unique services, in comparison to alien invasive species. Although alternative scenarios are plausible to explain this unexpected finding, we speculate that harvesting alien plants for human benefits may limit their invasion ability. This warrants further investigation.
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Luo, Minxian, Lifang Xiao, Xuhui Chen, Kaiqin Lin, Bao Liu, Zongming He, Jinfu Liu, and Shiqun Zheng. "Invasive Alien Plants and Invasion Risk Assessment on Pingtan Island." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020923.
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Pingtan Island is the largest island in Fujian Province and the fifth largest island in China. The invasion of a large number of alien plants has had a profound impact on the local ecological environment. Because the harm caused by alien invasive plants varies greatly between different ecosystems and even in different habitats, the risk assessment index system suitable for one region may not be suitable for other regions. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a risk assessment index system for invasive alien plants on Pingtan Island. Alien plant communities in different habitats were studied by means of quadrat investigation and professional literature review. Some invasive alien species were selected and compiled into a list of invasive alien plants on Pingtan Island, and their species composition, origin, flora, life forms, and habitats were statistically grouped. There were 104 species in 80 genera and 37 families of alien invasive plants. Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Poaceae were the main families, accounting for 26.7%, 6.7%, 6.7% and 5.8% of the total species, respectively. The geographical components of families and genera have obvious tropical properties, accounting for 51.3% and 66.6% of the total species, respectively. These originated mainly from South America and North America, accounting for 45.5% and 30.1% of the total frequency, respectively. Annual herbs, biennial herbs, and perennial herbs accounted for 84.6% of the total species. Based on a DPSIR conceptual model and an AHP method, an invasion risk assessment of 104 invasive alien plants was conducted. The ecological adaptability, habitat distribution and landscape impact of species were considered in the selection of indicators and the formulation of standards. A total of 23 high-risk invasive species were identified at level I, 37 medium-risk invasive species at level II, and 44 low-risk invasive species at level III. Lantana camara L. had the highest risk score (49), followed by Cenchrus echinatus L. (45), Spartina alterniflora Loisel. (45), and Panicum repens L. (43.5). Suggestions are put forward to prevent the invasion of alien plants on Pingtan Island and to provide a theoretical basis for promoting the healthy and stable development of the ecological environment on the island.
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Pyšek, Petr, Martin Hejda, Jan Čuda, Guin Zambatis, Klára Pyšková, Sandra MacFadyen, David Storch, Robert Tropek, and Llewellyn C. Foxcroft. "Into the great wide open: do alien plants spread from rivers to dry savanna in the Kruger National Park?" NeoBiota 60 (August 18, 2020): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.60.54608.
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Protected areas play an important role as refuges from invasive species impacts on biodiversity. Within the MOSAIK (Monitoring Savanna Biodiversity in the Kruger National Park) project, plant species were recorded in a representative set of 60 plots, 50 × 50 m in size, across the entire KNP, distributed so as to cover a range of savanna habitats, i.e. perennial rivers, seasonal rivers and dry crests, and two main bedrock types (granite and basalt). The data were used to assess the role of rivers in the dispersal of alien plants and study whether the alien plant species spread from rivers to open dry savanna. The resulting dataset provided the first thorough information on the spatial distribution of naturalised alien plants in KNP. In total, we recorded 20 plant species that are alien to the park, four of them considered invasive: Parthenium hysterophorus, Opuntia stricta, Xanthium strumarium and Zinnia peruviana. The most widespread species in KNP was Tridax procumbens, recorded in 11 plots (i.e. 18% of all sampled), four other species were found in > 10% of the plots. One species, Bidens bipinnata, was not previously reported from the park and represents a new record. The majority of aliens were concentrated along perennial rivers (60% of all occurrences), but some were repeatedly recorded at seasonal rivers as well and two of the most invasive species in KNP, Opuntia stricta and Parthenium hysterophorus, occurred also on dry crests away from water. The average number of alien species per plot was low (1.6), as was their mean percentage contribution to all species in a plot (2.2%), but some plots harboured as many as seven species and contributed up to 11.9%. Moreover, only 21 plots (35%) were alien-species free. In terms of the total species number per habitat, perennial rivers had significantly more aliens than crests and were marginally significantly richer than seasonal rivers. By recording all naturalised alien species occurring in the plots – many of them are not invasive but may become so in the future – and by using the GloNAF database of global distribution of naturalised species, we assessed the invasion potential of the recorded species.
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Clout, Mick N., and Maj De Poorter. "International Initiatives Against Invasive Alien Species." Weed Technology 19, no. 3 (September 2005): 523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-04-126.1.
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Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major threat to biological diversity on a global scale, necessitating international cooperation to address the problem. This paper gives the context in which action against IAS needs to take place, explains the need for international cooperation, and provides examples of key international instruments, strategies, and programs to deal with IAS.
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Pyšek, Petr, Philip E. Hulme, Dan Simberloff, Sven Bacher, Tim M. Blackburn, James T. Carlton, Wayne Dawson, et al. "Scientists' warning on invasive alien species." Biological Reviews 95, no. 6 (June 25, 2020): 1511–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12627.
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McGeoch, Melodie A., Dian Spear, Elizabeth J. Kleynhans, and Elrike Marais. "Uncertainty in invasive alien species listing." Ecological Applications 22, no. 3 (April 2012): 959–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/11-1252.1.
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Lawson Handley, L. J., A. Estoup, D. M. Evans, C. E. Thomas, E. Lombaert, B. Facon, A. Aebi, and H. E. Roy. "Ecological genetics of invasive alien species." BioControl 56, no. 4 (August 2011): 409–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10526-011-9386-2.
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Baranoski, B., N. Khromykh, L. Karmyzova, I. Ivanko, and Y. Lykholat. "ANALYSIS OF THE ALIEN FLORA OF DNIPROPETROVSK PROVINCE." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, no. 3 (December 22, 2016): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2016113.
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<p>Plant invasion in the Northern Steppe Dnieper has a long history complicated by excessive anthropogenic transformation of territory. Alien species status, origin areas, life history, and invasive tendency of alien species in Dnipropetrovsk region were investigated. The presence of 286 alien species of 61 families was registered. Some 7 families had the greatest species diversity (156 alien species that was 55% of total species number); 30 families were represented by 2–9 alien species, and 24 families contained only 1 alien species. So, the current proportion of the alien species was almost 17% in the regional flora. Archaeophytes consist of 40% of the total alien species, while neophytes had more than 60%. The proportion of naturalized species amounted 58% from alien species, whereas the share of casual species was 42%. The greatest abundance of alien species was typical for <em>Brassicaceae</em>, <em>Asterasea</em>, and <em>Poaceae </em>(14, 13, and 9% of the total species number). We proved invasive status of 28 species and positive trend regard alien species ratio for last years. </p>
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Sayfulloh, Agus, Melya Riniarti, and Trio Santoso. "Invasive Alien Species Plants in Sukaraja Atas Resort, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 8, no. 1 (January 27, 2020): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl18109-120.
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One of the problems encountered by the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (TNBBS) is the presence of invasive alien species. Invasive alien species are plants that grow outside their natural distribution and have the ability to cover the area; hence it could suppress the growth of the other plants. The presence of invasive alien species in the national park has been widely reported to cause negative impacts on the ecosystem, local biodiversity, socio-economic, and human health in the vicinity. This study was carried out in the rehabilitation zone of the Sukaraja Atas Resort of TNBBS that had shifted into open land. This study aimed to determine the species and dominance of invasive alien species that exist. The sampling method was used by laying plots consisted of the combination of the line and multiple plot methods with a total plot of 25 plots. Data analysis was performed by selecting invasive alien species observed based related-literature, while the dominance of invasive alien species was calculated by the importance value index (IVI). The results identified 121 species, of which 29 species or 35% of them were classified as invasive alien, which originating from 19 families. Three invasive alien species become the most dominating, namely: Clidemia hirta with an IVI of 22.61, Imperata cylindrica with an IVI of 18.03, and Calliandra calothyrsus with an IVI 17.96. The environmental conditions and species characteristics supported the three invasive alien species domination; hence it inhibited the growth of native species. Keywords: Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, invasive alien species, rehabilitation zone
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Vinogradova, Yulia K., Valeriy K. Tokhtar, Alexander A. Notov, Sergey R. Mayorov, and Elena S. Danilova. "Plant Invasion Research in Russia: Basic Projects and Scientific Fields." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071477.
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This paper represents a review of comprehensive research into invasion biology done by Russian scholars for four decades. Invasion biology is a relatively new field of research focused on the study of alien plants, their behavior in new habitats and risks they pose to indigenous species. It is shown that over 40 years, single finds of alien plant species have transformed into a check-list of invasive species in Russia. The most significant invasion pathways were identified, and the rate of microevolutional changes in plant species in their secondary distribution range was determined. Since the most active alien species disperse without regard to national borders, international cooperation is crucial in joint studies of invasive species.
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Haubrock, Phillip J., Ross N. Cuthbert, Andrea Sundermann, Christophe Diagne, Marina Golivets, and Franck Courchamp. "Economic costs of invasive species in Germany." NeoBiota 67 (July 29, 2021): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.59502.
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Invasive alien species are a well-known and pervasive threat to global biodiversity and human well-being. Despite substantial impacts of invasive alien species, quantitative syntheses of monetary costs incurred from invasions in national economies are often missing. As a consequence, adequate resource allocation for management responses to invasions has been inhibited, because cost-benefit analysis of management actions cannot be derived. To determine the economic cost of invasions in Germany, a Central European country with the 4th largest GDP in the world, we analysed published data collected from the first global assessment of economic costs of invasive alien species. Overall, economic costs were estimated at US$ 9.8 billion between 1960 and 2020, including US$ 8.9 billion in potential costs. The potential costs were mostly linked to extrapolated costs of the American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus, the black cherry Prunus serotina and two mammals: the muskrat Ondatra zibethicus and the American mink Neovison vison. Observed costs were driven by a broad range of taxa and mostly associated with control-related spending and resource damages or losses. We identified a considerable increase in costs relative to previous estimates and through time. Importantly, of the 2,249 alien and 181 invasive species reported in Germany, only 28 species had recorded economic costs. Therefore, total quantifications of invasive species costs here should be seen as very conservative. Our findings highlight a distinct lack of information in the openly-accessible literature and governmental sources on invasion costs at the national level, masking the highly-probable existence of much greater costs of invasions in Germany. In addition, given that invasion rates are increasing, economic costs are expected to further increase. The evaluation and reporting of economic costs need to be improved in order to deliver a basis for effective mitigation and management of invasions on national and international economies.
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Rahmi Dina, Rahmi Dina, Gema Wahyudewantoro Gema Wahyudewantoro, Sekar Larashati Sekar Larashati, Siti Aisyah Siti Aisyah, Lukman Lukman, Sulastri Sulastri, Imroatushshoolikhah Imroatushshoolikhah, and Sopian Sauri Sopian Sauri. "Distributional Mapping and Impacts of Invasive Alien Fish in Indonesia: An Alert to Inland Waters Sustainability." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2377–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5108-04.
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Inland water ecosystems in Indonesia face an increasing threat of alien and invasive alien fish species. Their existence have been found in Indonesian waters since before 1900, and their introduction is rapid and ongoing. In this review, we mapped the distribution of alien and invasive alien fish in different inland waters ecosystem types and islands in Indonesia, based on available literature indexed by Google Scholar. Impacts of invasive alien fish and how to control them are also discussed. This data mining exercise resulted in the successful mapping of alien and invasive alien fish in 72 lakes and 57 river systems, covering 28 provinces. A total of 50 species have spread with different compositions in each type of ecosystem and island. Oreochromis niloticus is the most commonly encountered alien species. Moreover, invasive cichlid fish are most frequently found in lakes, while Pterygoplichthys spp. are more frequently found in rivers although they can also inhabit many lakes. Java Island is a hotspot of alien and invasive alien fish distribution, with 39 species reported. Invasive alien fish harm native and endemic fish in Indonesia through competition for food, space and direct predation. The gradual reduction of established populations of invasive alien species is necessary to protect Indonesia’s freshwater ecosystems.
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Wang, Xiaoyan, Xue Wang, Wei Wang, Jiang Wang, and Feihai Yu. "Effects of Invasive Plant Diversity on Soil Microbial Communities." Diversity 14, no. 11 (November 17, 2022): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14110992.
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Native plant communities can be invaded by different numbers of alien plant species or by the same number of alien plant species with different levels of evenness. However, little is known about how alien invasive plant species richness and evenness affect soil microbial communities. We constructed native herbaceous plant communities invaded by exotic plants with different richness (1, 2, 4 and 8 species) and evenness (high and low) and analyzed soil physico-chemical properties and the diversity and composition of soil fungal and bacterial communities by high-throughput Illumina sequencing. Overall, the species richness and evenness of invasive plants had no significant effect on bacterial and fungal alpha diversity (OTUs, Shannon, Simpson, Chao1 and ACE) or the soil physico-chemical properties. However, invasive species richness had a significant impact on the relative abundance of the most dominant fungi, Ascomycota and Bipolaris, and the dominant bacteria, Actinobacteriota, which increased with increasing invasive species richness. The relative abundance of the dominant microbial groups was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of some specific invasive plants in the community. This study sheds new light on the effects of plant co-invasion on soil microbial communities, which may help us understand the underlying mechanisms of multiple alien plant invasion processes from the perspective of soil microorganisms.
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Nawrotek, Emilia. "Ochrona gatunków rodzimych przed inwazjami biologicznymi." Studia Iuridica 78 (May 29, 2019): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.2290.
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Invasive alien species are a threat to biodiversity and food security, health and economic development. These species are causing enormous damage to biodiversity and the valuable natural agricultural systems upon which we depend. Globalisation, trade, travel, and transport of goods across borders they have facilitated the spread of invasive alien species. The spread of invasive alien species is now recognised as one of the greatest threats to the ecological and economic well being of the planet. The aim of the article is to analyze and attempt to assess the legal regulation relating protection native species against alien invasive species and alien species.
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Vinogradova, Yu K., A. V. Spirydovich, and V. N. Reshetnikov. "Features of development of invasive species assessment and control protocols for different groups of plant communities." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 68, no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2023-68-1-47-54.
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The study of invasive alien species is carried out on a large scale because the economic and ecological damage caused by biological invasions is enormous. However, no unified approach to describing invasive populations has been developed so far. In the framework of alien plant inventory in Russia, the authors have developed the “Invasive Species Assessment Protocol”, which is a tool for assessing, categorizing and including in the “black”-lists any invasive alien plant species according to its impact on native species and natural biodiversity over a large geographic area. “The Protocol” contains five basic elements of the inventory: 1) taxonomic affiliation, life form, and natural range of species; 2) ecological impact; 3) current distribution and population size; 4) trends in abundance of populations or its size; and 5) ability to control alien species dissemination. “Protocol” is presented as the special blank for description of local invasive population. The description is very brief but, if necessary, additional information about the process of invasion of each alien species can be added to it. Specific additions to the protocol for some national economic objects: railroads, introduction institutions, Specially Protected Natural Areas (SPNA) are offered. Examples of using the Protocol during the inventory of invasive species on the Trans-Siberian Railway, in the NV Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden, and in the some Protected Natural Areas are given.
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White, Piran C. L., Adriana E. S. Ford, Mick N. Clout, Richard M. Engeman, Sugoto Roy, and Glen Saunders. "Alien invasive vertebrates in ecosystems: pattern, process and the social dimension." Wildlife Research 35, no. 3 (2008): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08058.
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The rate of biological invasions has increased dramatically over recent centuries. Alien invasive vertebrates have significant adverse effects on biodiversity, and island fauna are especially susceptible. Human-induced environmental change is likely to exacerbate these negative impacts of alien invasive species. However, invasion biology has advanced considerably over the last two decades, with improvement in understanding of the processes of establishment and spread. New developments in spatial modelling have elucidated the way in which behavioural processes at the individual level can drive population-level patterns such as spread. Combined with new genetic insights into the process of invasion, these advances may assist in the development of novel, better-targeted management strategies that provide new options in how to deal with the threat posed by invasive species. Decisions about whether to and how we should intervene are questions for all sectors of society, but research on the social and cultural impacts of invasive species is largely lacking. There are many opportunities for enhancing the social dimensions of invasive species research, and integrated assessments of the social, economic and environmental impacts of species provide one potential avenue. As part of this, there is also a need to increase stakeholder participation in the decision-making process regarding alien invasive species. These more holistic approaches are essential if we are to reduce the impact of alien invasive species to within acceptable limits in the face of rapid environmental change.
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Monty, Arnaud, Alexis Jorion, Carline Pitz, Charly Géron, and Grégory Mahy. "Alien invasive plants in Belgian limestone quarries." BASE, no. 3 (2019): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.17984.
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Description of the subject. Vegetation of high conservation value can establish in quarries, during or after exploitation. Alien plants could hamper this process and cause additional rehabilitation costs. However, the situation of plant invasion in quarries is largely unknown. Objectives. We aimed to assess alien plant invasion in active and abandoned quarries, and to identify the most invaded quarry sectors. Method. We surveyed 6,692 plots in 31 quarries in Belgium and recorded occurrence, density and cover of the 65 listed alien invasive plants in Belgium. Results. Fourteen species were recorded and 25 quarries contained at least one species. The two most occurring species, Buddleja davidii Franch. and Senecio inaequidens DC., were more widespread in quarries in activity. All sectors of the quarries were affected by alien plant invasion. Conclusions. Alien plant invasion in limestone quarries is highly variable, but significant. Considering the ecological potential of quarry sites, this issue should be better tackled.
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Skolka, Marius, and Cristina Preda. "Alien invasive species at the Romanian Black Sea coast - Present and perspectives." Travaux du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa" 53, no. 1 (December 1, 2010): 443–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10191-010-0031-6.
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Alien invasive species at the Romanian Black Sea coast - Present and perspectives Using literature data and personal field observations we present an overview of aquatic animal alien invasive species at the Romanian Black Sea coast, including freshwater species encountered in this area. We discuss records, pathways of introduction, origin and impact on native communities for some of these alien invasive species. In perspective, we draw attention on the potential of other alien species to become invasive in the study area.
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Shrestha, Sajani. "IMPACT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES AND GENDER." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i1.2021.2859.
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Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is considered the second major cause of biodiversity loss and habitat degradation. They pose a serious threat to different ecosystems of Nepal such as agriculture, forestry, fisheries and natural systems. Invasive alien species affect people's livelihoods and human well-being.
Some species are important sources of fuel wood, fodder, timber and food products for local households and communities. Similarly, some species hold cultural, spiritual and recreational significance. In contrast, they also harm livelihoods and increase vulnerability via land encroachment and reduction in mobility or access. In some cases, they also diminish the abundance of natural resources used by households and reduce agricultural production. This results in a loss of their income and increases vulnerability. Furthermore, some invasive species have also negative implications on human health and safety. Likewise, they are responsible for reducing the cultural value of landscapes.
Invasive Alien Species are well-recognized drivers of social-ecological change. Extensive research on invasive species in Nepal has yet to be done. Therefore, the impact of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being is a lesser-known concept. The effect of benefits and costs analysis of invasive species on livelihoods and human well-being remains pivotal for policy-making and management. This article is based on the development of a comprehensive national strategy and plan of action to control and manage IAS in Nepal. It discusses the broader aspect and status of IAS in Nepal.
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Šefrová, Hana, and Zdeněk Laštůvka. "Catalogue of alien animal species in the Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 53, no. 4 (2005): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200553040151.
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The catalogue of alien animal species registered in the Czech Republic, with data on their origin, date on the first observation, way of introduction (accidental, deliberate, spontaneous), invasive status (casual, non-invasive, post-invasive, invasive), habitat (eusynanthropic, urban, agricultural, natural), trophic requirements and possible influences (plant or stored-product pest, biodiversity influence). In total 595 species are listed, i.e. 1.8% of the fauna of this country; of these, 22 species of molluscs (8.8% of the local fauna), 451 spp. of arthropods (1.5%), 383 spp. of insects (1.4%), and 55 spp. of vertebrates (9.2%). Among the registered species, 248 spp. (41.8%) are confined to closed and heated spaces by their occurrence, and 287 spp. have become naturalized (48.2%). Of these 113 spp. are considered invasive (19% of alien spp.). 65 spp. (10.9% of aliens) are pests of stored products, 84 spp. (14.1%) are parasites of important animals, 53 spp. (8.9%) are pests of plants grown in heated rooms (above all, glasshouses), 28 ssp. (4.7%) are agricultural or forest pests, and 39 spp. (6.6%) may influence local biodiversity. The origin of the naturalized alien species is mostly in North America (70; 24.4%), the Mediterranean (61; 21.3%), E Asia (44; 15.4%), Central and SW Asia (43; 15%), and S or SE Asia (30; 10.5%).
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Fanal, Aurore, Grégory Mahy, Adeline Fayolle, and Arnaud Monty. "Arboreta reveal the invasive potential of several conifer species in the temperate forests of western Europe." NeoBiota 64 (January 20, 2021): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.64.56027.
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Identifying emerging invasive species is a priority to implement early preventive and control actions. In terms of the number of invasive tree species, forestry represents the second largest pathway of introduction, with an invasive debt likely existing for alien conifers in Europe. In the early 1900s, a network of arboreta was established in southern Belgium to assess the wood production potential of prospective conifer and broadleaved species. Here, we use eight arboreta as natural experiments to identify alien conifers presenting invasive behavior. Through systematic sampling, we quantified the natural regeneration of alien conifers and recorded local environmental variables. For each species, regeneration density, dispersal distances, and age structure were analyzed. Generalized mixed effects models were fitted to test the effect of planted area and tree-stand type on regeneration. The environmental space occupied by regenerating alien conifers was evaluated using principal component analysis. Out of 31 planted alien species, 15 (48%) were identified in natural regeneration, of which eight (26%) exhibited important regeneration density and dispersal distances. The most invasive species were Tsuga heterophylla and Abies grandis, confirming earlier field observations. Both large planted areas and areas planted with alien conifer species increased the density of regeneration. Species that had the highest regeneration density tolerated a wide range of environmental conditions, including shaded understory, which could lead to the invasion of mature, undisturbed forests. This study showed that 17% of the studied alien conifers are potentially invasive because they show important regeneration, long-distance dispersal, and, of importance, have already produced offspring that have matured and are capable of creating new satellite populations. In conclusion, our results provide a guideline for future planting operations, recommending extreme caution when planting these species in the temperate forests of Western Europe.
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Gren, Ing-Marie, Lina Isacs, and Mattias Carlsson. "Costs of Alien Invasive Species in Sweden." AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 38, no. 3 (May 2009): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447-38.3.135.
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Najberek, K., A. Olszańska, B. Tokarska-Guzik, K. Mazurska, Z. Dajdok, and W. Solarz. "Invasive alien species as reservoirs for pathogens." Ecological Indicators 139 (June 2022): 108879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108879.
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SOMIYA, Kazuo. "Countermeasures of Invasive Alien Species in Japan." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 21, no. 8 (2016): 8_8–8_10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.21.8_8.
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Shrestha, S. M. "Invasive Alien Species: A Menace to Biodiversity." Banko Janakari 21, no. 2 (November 9, 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i2.9123.
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Riley, Sophie. "Preventing Transboundary Harm From Invasive Alien Species." Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 18, no. 2 (July 2009): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.2009.00641.x.
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Kubiak, Marie, and Sarah Pellett. "Invasive alien species legislation: a veterinary perspective." Companion Animal 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2018.23.1.44.
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Amako, Naoki. "Outline of the Invasive Alien Species Act." Journal of Weed Science and Technology 52, no. 3 (2007): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3719/weed.52.137.
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Köck, Wolfgang. "The eu regulation on invasive alien species." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 12, no. 2 (May 28, 2015): 156–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01202004.
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The new eu regulation on invasive alien species constitutes a further key European legislative act – alongside the Habitats Directive – aimed at achieving biodiversity conservation. As such it will be of highly practical significance in the years to come, given that the obligations arising from it will necessarily be connected with impacts on trade and transportation. The following article provides information about the problems invasive alien species (ias) cause for biodiversity as a protected resource. It also elucidates and assesses the new European regulation and, taking German law as an example, also discusses its consequences for national-level strategies aimed at protecting against ias.
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Genovesi, Piero. "Invasive alien species in a changing world." Biodiversity 10, no. 2-3 (September 2009): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2009.9712838.
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Sitzia, Tommaso, Thomas Campagnaro, Ingo Kowarik, and Giovanni Trentanovi. "Using forest management to control invasive alien species: helping implement the new European regulation on invasive alien species." Biological Invasions 18, no. 1 (October 14, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-0999-8.
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Nawrotek, Emilia. "Ochrona zasobów biosfery przed inwazyjnymi gatunkami roślin." Studia Iuridica Lublinensia 29, no. 2 (June 21, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/sil.2020.29.2.141-150.
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<p>This study addresses the assessment of the legal model of protection against invasive plant species. Invasive alien species are one of the main risks to biodiversity and related ecosystem services. The threat to biodiversity and related ecosystem services posed by invasive alien species takes various forms. Moreover, invasive alien species have a significant impact on native species and on the structure and function of the ecosystem. There is a very low awareness of this phenomenon in Poland and worldwide. Therefore, legal instruments and appropriate knowledge are the basic elements of building a strategy for dealing with invasive alien species.</p>
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Dyderski, Marcin K., and Andrzej M. Jagodziński. "Functional traits of acquisitive invasive woody species differ from conservative invasive and native species." NeoBiota 41 (January 31, 2019): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.41.31908.
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One of the most important sources of invasiveness is species’ functional traits and their variability. However there are still few studies on invasive tree species traits conducted along resource gradients that allow for a comparison of acquisitive and conservative strategies. We aimed to assess the differences in trait variation among native alien conservative and alien acquisitive tree species along resource availability gradients (soil fertility and light availability) and to assess the traits variability of the species studied along resources availability gradients. Our study compared invasive tree species in Europe (Prunusserotina Ehrh. Quercusrubra L. and Robiniapseudoacacia L.) with their native competitors (Acerpseudoplatanus L. A.platanoides L. Quercuspetraea (Matt.) Liebl. and Fagussylvatica L.). The study was conducted on 1329 seedlings and saplings collected in a system of 372 study plots in W Poland. For each individual we assessed leaf stem and root mass ratios total biomass leaf area ratio specific leaf area and projected leaf area. Two invasive species (P.serotina and R.pseudoacacia) represented a more acquisitive strategy than native species – along litter pH and light availability gradients these species had higher leaf mass fraction specific leaf area and leaf area ratio. In contrast Q.rubra had the highest total biomass and root mass fraction. Alien species usually had higher coefficients of variation of studied traits. This suggests that relatively high projected leaf area as a way of filling space and outcompeting native species may be reached in two ways – biomass allocation to leaves and control of leaf morphology or by overall growth rate. High variability of invasive species traits also suggests randomness in seedling survival which similarly to the neutral theory of invasion highlights the necessity of including randomness in modelling biological invasions.
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Li, Bai, Xinying Ni, and Caiyun Zhao. "Altitudinal Patterns of Native and Invasive Alien Herbs along Roadsides in the Dayao Mountain National Nature Reserve, Guangxi, China." Diversity 15, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010105.
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Invasive alien plants have rapidly established and spread in nature reserves via roads and now pose a threat to biodiversity. To understand the mechanism and distribution patterns of invasive alien herbs, we compared the altitude patterns of native and invasive alien herbs based on 105 plots in the Dayao Mountain National Nature Reserve. This study also compared the distribution patterns of new (introduced to China after 1900) and old (introduced to China before 1900) invasive alien herbs. In addition, we examined the effects of climatic factors and human activities on the distribution patterns of species richness. In our study, 151 native herbs species and 18 invasive alien herbs species were observed, of which 12 were new invasive alien herbs. Old invasive alien herbs occurred more frequently and occupied a wider range of altitudes than new invasive alien herbs. The richness of native herbs tended to decrease with increasing altitude, and the altitude patterns of the richness of all invasive herbs and new invasive alien herbs were hump-shaped. Based on an analysis using the linear mixed model, the results indicated that temperature was the main factor limiting the altitude patterns of native herbs, and that temperature and human activities were essential factors in the distribution and spread of all invasive alien herbs and new invasive alien herbs. The intensity of human interference is a crucial driver of the spread of new invasive alien herbs to higher altitudes.
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ZENETOS, A., M. E. CINAR, M. A. PANCUCCI-PAPADOPOULOU, J. G. HARMELIN, G. FURNARI, F. ANDALORO, N. BELLOU, N. STREFTARIS, and H. ZIBROWIUS. "Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species." Mediterranean Marine Science 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2005): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.186.
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This collaborative effort by many specialists across the Mediterranean presents an updated annotated list of alien marine species in the Mediterranean Sea. Alien species have been grouped into six broad categories namely established, casual, questionable, cryptogenic, excluded and invasive, and presented in lists of major ecofunctional/taxonomic groups. The establishment success within each group is provided while the questionable and excluded records are commented in brief. A total of 963 alien species have been reported from the Mediterranean until December 2005, 218 of which have been classified as excluded (23%) leaving 745 of the recorded species as valid aliens. Of these 385 (52%) are already well established, 262 (35%) are casual records, while 98 species (13%) remain “questionable” records. The species cited in this work belong mostly to zoobenthos and in particular to Mollusca and Crustacea, while Fish and Phytobenthos are the next two groups which prevail among alien biota in the Mediterranean. The available information depends greatly on the taxonomic group examined. Thus, besides the three groups explicitly addressed in the CIESM atlas series (Fish, Decapoda/Crustacea and Mollusca), which are however updated in the present work, Polychaeta, Phytobenthos, Phytoplankton and Zooplankton are also addressed in this study. Among other zoobenthic taxa sufficiently covered in this study are Echinodermata, Sipuncula, Bryozoa and Ascidiacea. On the contrary, taxa such as Foraminifera, Amphipoda and Isopoda, that are not well studied in the Mediterranean, are insufficiently covered. A gap of knowledge is also noticed in Parasites, which, although ubiquitous and pervasive in marine systems, have been relatively unexplored as to their role in marine invasions. Conclusively the lack of funding purely systematic studies in the region has led to underestimation of the number of aliens in the Mediterranean. Emphasis is put on those species that are current or potential threats to the marine ecosystems, namely the Worst Invasive Alien Species providing their record across major groups.
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Zhou, Su, Zhong, Xie, Xu, and Su. "Community Attributes Predict the Relationship between Habitat Invasibility and Land Use Types in an Agricultural and Forest Landscape." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100867.
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Finding ecosystem or community level indicators for habitat invasibility may provide natural resource managers with environmentally friendly measures to control alien plant invasion; yet, ecosystem invasibility remains understudied. Here, we investigated alien plant invasion into various ecosystems representing different land use types in a subtropical peri-urban area of south China. Four invasive alien species were found from five out of the six ecosystems. Lower plant diversity in both the overstory and understory was consistently associated with more severe alien plant invasion to the ecosystems. The highest total abundance and plot occurrence of the invasive plants were found in the agroforestry ecosystem representing the highest disturbance. At plot scale, an increase in invasion severity was associated with a significant decrease in overstory stem density, species richness, and diversity, but with a significant increase in overstory plant dominance. The understory community attributes in response to the increase in invasion severity followed similar patterns, except that the stem density increased with invasion severity. Higher canopy openness and thus lower leaf area index and greater understory radiation were associated with higher invasion severity of invasive plants to the understory habitat. For predicting total abundance of the invasive species, the most important variable is land use type, while for the abundance of Lantana camara and Mikania micrantha, the most important predictor variable is overstory Berger–Parker index and canopy openness, respectively. Canopy structure and understory gap light regimes were among the most important factors determining the abundance of the worst invasive plant Mikania micrantha. Our results demonstrate that land use types with varying disturbance regimes determine the spatial heterogeneity in plant diversity and community structure, which predicts alien plant invasion and habitat invasibility; and that the severity of alien plant invasion in turn is a good indicator of habitat disturbance across the ecosystems.
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Ng, Kenny. "Combating marine invasive alien species effectively in Australia." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 24, no. 1 (September 24, 2021): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2021.01.02.
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Marine invasive alien species are sea-based organisms that are non-native to a marine ecosystem, and which can or have spread to a degree that has an adverse impact on biodiversity and human livelihoods. In a globalized and inter-connected world, the threats posed by marine invasive alien species are here to stay. Accordingly, it often has been lamented that the threats from marine alien species are too difficult to combat effectively. In Australia, these threats are exacerbated by the country's unique characteristics such as its sheer size, as well as its geographical and historical isolation from the rest of the world. More importantly for the purposes of this article, Australia's unique constitutional framework that entrenches its national system of federalism has led to complex power-sharing arrangements between the Commonwealth, and the State and Territory governments in the management of invasive alien species, which are arguably inadequate to combat marine invasive alien species effectively. In Australia, laws have been made to manage only one vector of marine invasive species, ballast water from vessels, but not for other vectors. This article analyses how marine invasive alien species are currently managed within the Australian legal framework, and discusses what can be done to improve the status quo in order effectively to control the spread of such foreign organisms. It argues with optimism that marine invasive alien species can be effectively managed under a strong legal framework that seeks to prevent their occurrence and minimize the negative impacts of their occurrence. Such a legal framework consists of sound domestic laws and institutions, the effects of which can be enhanced by greater international cooperation.
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G.M. Prashanth Kumar and Shiddamallayya Nagayya. "Invasive alien plant species of Hassan District, Karnataka, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 14, no. 9 (September 26, 2022): 21870–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5916.14.9.21870-21890.
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This study was undertaken to document alien and invasive flowering plant species in the Western Ghats (Hassan district, Karnataka, India), with background information on family, habit, habitat, longevity, nativity, and uses. A total of 312 alien species belonging to 236 genera in 79 families are listed. The majority belong to family Asteraceae (36 species), followed by Fabaceae (21 species), and Amaranthaceae (17 species). Herbs constitute the majority (59%) of alien species followed by shrubs (17 %). Around 36% the alien taxa are native to tropical America. Of 314 alien species, 122 were intentional introductions, with a majority (39%) introduced for ornamental purposes; 24% of species have naturalized, while 33% display as invasive. There is an urgent need to gather regional data on the diversity of invasive alien plant species in order to study the impact on native vegetation and biodiversity.
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Wang, Zhe, Xiaojie Cai, and Zhiyi Yin. "Research Progress on Phenotypic Plasticity of Invasive Plants in Response to Drought Stress." E3S Web of Conferences 245 (2021): 02020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124502020.
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Biological invasion seriously threatens ecological stability and social development. One of the bases for forming invasion is alien species’ strong phenotypic plasticity. Phenotypic plasticity can help alien species adapt to environmental changes and enhance their invasive ability. China is one of the countries seriously affected by drought. Under the background of environmental drought, exploring the reasons why invasive plants can gain growth advantages and mastering the phenotypic changes of invasive plants in response to drought stress are conducive to helping us understand more about the invasion mechanism of invasive species. In this paper, the research progresses of invasive plants’ morphological plasticity and physiological plasticity under drought stress in recent years are reviewed, the invasive plants’ morphological and physiological metabolic characteristics under drought are summarized, and the growth advantages of invasive plants are discussed, which provided a scientific theoretical basis for alleviating the serious harm caused by biological invasion to China’s natural environment.
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KATSANEVAKIS, S., K. TSIAMIS, G. IOANNOU, N. MICHAILIDIS, and A. ZENETOS. "Inventory of alien marine species of Cyprus (2009)." Mediterranean Marine Science 10, no. 2 (December 2, 2009): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.113.
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An updated inventory of alien marine species from coastal and offshore waters of Cyprus is presented. Records were compiled based on the existing scientific and grey literature, including HCMR database of Mediterranean alien species, technical reports, scientific congresses, academic dissertations, and websites, as well as on unpublished/personal observations. The listed species were classified in one of five categories: established, invasive, casual, cryptogenic, and questionable. The mode of introduction and the year of first sighting were also reported for each species. Eight new records based on personal observations of the authors were reported (Chondria coerulescens, Neosiphonia sphaerocarpa, Enchelycore anatina, Lagocephalus spadiceus, Lagocephalus suezensis, Scomberomorus commerson, Sillago sihama, and Sphoeroides pachygaster). Nine species, previously reported as aliens in Cypriot waters, were excluded from the inventory for various reasons. Ten established species were characterized as invasive (Caulerpa racemosa var. cylindracea, Cerithium scabridum, Strombus persicus, Trochus erythraeus, Brachidontes pharaonis, Pinctada radiata, Fistularia commersonii, Lagocephalus sceleratus, Siganus luridus, and Siganus rivulatus) as they have a substantial impact on biodiversity and/or local economy. The impact of alien marine species in Cyprus is expected to grow in the close future, and further effort directed towards recording alien invasions and their impact will be needed.
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Seebens, Hanno, Tim M. Blackburn, Ellie E. Dyer, Piero Genovesi, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Shyama Pagad, et al. "Global rise in emerging alien species results from increased accessibility of new source pools." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 10 (February 5, 2018): E2264—E2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719429115.
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Our ability to predict the identity of future invasive alien species is largely based upon knowledge of prior invasion history. Emerging alien species—those never encountered as aliens before—therefore pose a significant challenge to biosecurity interventions worldwide. Understanding their temporal trends, origins, and the drivers of their spread is pivotal to improving prevention and risk assessment tools. Here, we use a database of 45,984 first records of 16,019 established alien species to investigate the temporal dynamics of occurrences of emerging alien species worldwide. Even after many centuries of invasions the rate of emergence of new alien species is still high: One-quarter of first records during 2000–2005 were of species that had not been previously recorded anywhere as alien, though with large variation across taxa. Model results show that the high proportion of emerging alien species cannot be solely explained by increases in well-known drivers such as the amount of imported commodities from historically important source regions. Instead, these dynamics reflect the incorporation of new regions into the pool of potential alien species, likely as a consequence of expanding trade networks and environmental change. This process compensates for the depletion of the historically important source species pool through successive invasions. We estimate that 1–16% of all species on Earth, depending on the taxonomic group, qualify as potential alien species. These results suggest that there remains a high proportion of emerging alien species we have yet to encounter, with future impacts that are difficult to predict.