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Academic literature on the topic 'Invasive Alien Species'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 23 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Invasive Alien Species"

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Zhang, Aiying, Xunyu Hu, Shenhao Yao, Mingjian Yu, and Zhixia Ying. "Alien, Naturalized and Invasive Plants in China." Plants 10, no. 11 (October 20, 2021): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10112241.

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Invasive species are a subset of naturalized species, and naturalized species are a subset of alien species. Determining the relationship among these three assemblages would be helpful in predicting and preventing biological invasion. Here, we reviewed the families, lifeforms, origins, introduction pathways and phylogenetic diversity of alien, naturalized and invasive vascular plants in China. The results show that species in the Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae families had a high dominance among alien, naturalized and invasive species. Moreover, almost all alien species in the Amaranthaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae and Euphorbiaceae families became naturalized species, and about 26.7% of the naturalized species became invasive species. Perennial herbs comprised a higher proportion of alien species than did annual herbs, though annual herbs were more suited to becoming invasive than perennial herbs. A considerable proportion (57.8%) of invasive species were introduced from America. More than half (56.5%) of alien species were introduced for their ornamental value, and half of these have become naturalized in China. Moreover, about half (55.2%) of all invasive species were introduced for their economic value (including ornamental, foraging and medicinal purposes). Invasive species were phylogenetically clustered and phylogenetically distant from alien and naturalized species, which indicates that phylogenetic differences could be helpful in becoming invasive. There is no doubt that human activity plays a significant role in biological invasion. This study suggests that when introducing alien species to a region, decision-makers should certainly consider the species’ phylogeny, beyond just its fundamental characteristics.
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Reid, Vanessa. "Invasive Alien Species themed issue." Biodiversity 22, no. 1-2 (April 3, 2021): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2021.1947378.

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Mizutani, Tomoo, and Koichi Goka. "Japan's Invasive Alien Species Act." Applied Entomology and Zoology 45, no. 1 (2010): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/aez.2010.65.

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Yessoufou, Kowiyou, Bezeng S. Bezeng, Orou G. Gaoue, Thato Bengu, and Michelle van der Bank. "Phylogenetically diverse native systems are more resistant to invasive plant species on Robben Island, South Africa." Genome 62, no. 3 (March 2019): 217–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2018-0039.

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Alien invasive species are problematic both economically and ecologically, particularly on islands. As such, understanding how they interact with their environment is necessary to inform invasive species management. Here, we ask the following questions: What are the main functional traits that correlate with invasion success of alien plants on Robben Island? How does phylogenetic structure shape biotic interactions on the island? Using multiple approaches to explore these questions, we found that alien invasive species flower later during the year and for longer period, although flowering phenology was sensitive to alternative starting date. Additionally, we observed that alien invasive species are mostly abiotically pollinated and are generally hermaphroditic whilst their native counterparts rely on biotic pollinators, flower earlier, and are generally dioecious, suggesting that alien invasive and native species use different ecological niches. Furthermore, we found a facilitative interaction between an alien invasive legume and other invasive plants as predicted by the invasional meltdown hypothesis, but this does not influence the phylogenetic structure of plant communities. Finally, phylogenetically diverse set of native species are less receptive to alien invasive species. Collectively, our findings reveal how biotic interactions and phylogenetic relatedness structure alien invasive – native co-existence.
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Wang, Xiao Hong, Ya Jing Liu, and Li Na Guo. "The Invasive Species Risk Assessment and Prediction System Based on GIS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 675-677 (October 2014): 1052–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.1052.

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With the international economic and trade exchanges, biological invasion has become an important factor in the threat of biological diversity and ecological environment. In order to prevent and control exotic species invasion, using of GIS-based geospatial technology to the potential distribution of invasive species risk assessment can provide the basis for ecological management of invasive alien species better, thus reducing the economic losses due to invasive alien species caused to our country. To this point, the study had done a secondary development based on ArcGIS Engine component. It used niche model to analysis and study potential suitable distribution of alien pests in China, conduct a risk assessment to them. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to access the prediction accuracy Analyzed the impact of the distribution of invasive alien species` main environmental variables. It provided a theoretical basis for ecological management of invasive alien species.
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YEO, DARREN C. J., and CHERYL S. W. CHIA. "INTRODUCED SPECIES IN SINGAPORE: AN OVERVIEW." COSMOS 06, no. 01 (August 2010): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219607710000486.

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An overview of the invasive alien species situation in Singapore is presented. An updated checklist of introduced or alien animals in Singapore is provided; of the 142 species of invertebrates and vertebrates documented, more than 70% are considered established. A brief introduction and discussion of pertinent definitions and terminology for describing invasive alien species, with particular reference to Singapore, is included. In addition, important pathways for biological invasion into Singapore are highlighted, and legislation and institutional roles with respect to alien species issues in Singapore are summarized, featuring examples of management programmes. The article concludes by identifying areas emphasized in recently published alien species research in Singapore and knowledge gaps that need to be filled.
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Milanović, Marija, Sonja Knapp, Petr Pyšek, and Ingolf Kühn. "Trait–environment relationships of plant species at different stages of the introduction process." NeoBiota 58 (July 1, 2020): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.58.51655.

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The success of alien plant species can be attributed to differences in functional traits compared to less successful aliens as well as to native species, and thus their adaptation to environmental conditions. Studies have shown that alien (especially invasive) plant species differ from native species in traits such as specific leaf area (SLA), height, seed size or flowering period, where invasive species showed significantly higher values for these traits. Different environmental conditions, though, may promote the success of native or alien species, leading to competitive exclusion due to dissimilarity in traits between the groups. However, native and alien species can also be similar, with environmental conditions selecting for the same set of traits across species. So far, the effect of traits on invasion success has been studied without considering environmental conditions. To understand this interaction we examined the trait–environment relationship within natives, and two groups of alien plant species differing in times of introduction (archaeophytes vs. neophytes). Further, we investigated the difference between non-invasive and invasive neophytes. We analyzed the relationship between functional traits of 1,300 plant species occurring in 1000 randomly selected grid-cells across Germany and across different climatic conditions and land-cover types. Our results show that temperature, precipitation, the proportion of natural habitats, as well as the number of land-cover patches and geological patches affect archaeophytes and neophytes differently, regarding their level of urbanity (in neophytes negative for all non-urban land covers) and self-pollination (mainly positive for archaeophytes). Similar patterns were observed between non-invasive and invasive neophytes, where additionally, SLA, storage organs and the beginning of flowering were strongly related to several environmental factors. Native species did not express any strong relationship between traits and environment, possibly due to a high internal heterogeneity within this group of species. The relationship between trait and environment was more pronounced in neophytes compared to archaeophytes, and most pronounced in invasive plants. The alien species at different stages of the invasion process showed both similarities and differences in terms of the relationship between traits and the environment, showing that the success of introduced species is context-dependent.
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Garg, Arti, and Vineet Singh. "Alien Invasive Elements of Upper Ganga Ramsar Site, Uttar Pradesh, India." Indian Journal of Forestry 38, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2015-dhke37.

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Invasive alien species of Upper Ganga Ramsar Site in Uttar Pradesh and their impact on the wetland ecosystem is discussed. In all 69 alien invasive species under 58 genera and 32 families were recorded of which there were 55 herbs, 5 climbers/twiners, 5 shrubs, 2 undershrubs and 2 tree species. The alien invasives of American origin dominated while the family Asteraceae showed maximum representation. It is inferred that stringent measures need to be adopted for combating the spread of alien invasives in order to conserve the wetland biodiversity and loss of indigenous species for habitat conservation.
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Wilgan, Robin. "Mycorrhizal symbiosis of alien and invasive tree species." Forest Research Papers 81, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/frp-2020-0005.

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AbstractThe introduction of alien tree species has become a world wide phenomenon over the last centuries and the cultivation of these species is an economically important branch of forestry in many countries. However, the cultivation of alien plant species poses the threat of introducing potentially invasive species, both trees and its mutualistic symbionts, such as mycorrhizal fungi. Mycorrhizal fungi are obligatory symbionts and a key element in the proper development and functioning of trees. It is thought that mycorrhizal fungi may also profoundly influence the invasiveness of alien tree species worldwide, with the proper fungal species acting as a driver to make this invasion possible. Co-invasion of alien trees and its mutualistic symbionts are well-known in the case of pines and co-invading ectomycorrhizal fungi in the southern hemisphere.Invasive tree species constitute a major ecological and economic problem through intense competition and modification of local habitats leading to a decline in biodiversity and potentially threatening many rare, native and endangered species, including fungi. Despite the fundamental role that fungi have in the functioning of forests, the impact alien tree species could have on mycorrhizal fungi in native forest ecosystems has not received much attention.Understanding the relationships between mycorrhizal fungi and alien tree species can allow us to better predict and counter- act alien species invasions, which is necessary in order to maintain biodiversity and preserve native ecosystems. On top of that, climate change could threaten some European tree species and thus free ecological niches for other species, like alien, invasive or potentially invasive trees.
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Yessoufou, Kowiyou, and Annie Estelle Ambani. "Are Introduced Alien Species More Predisposed to Invasion in Recipient Environments If They Provide a Wider Range of Services to Humans?" Diversity 13, no. 11 (October 30, 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110553.

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The drivers of invasion success of alien species remain, to some extent, a matter of debate. Here, we suggest that the services (the benefits humans obtain from a species) provided by alien plants could predict their invasion status, such that alien species providing more services would be more likely to be invasive than not. The rationale for this expectation is that alien species providing multiple services stand a better chance of being introduced in various numbers and multiple times outside their native range (propagule pressure theory). We investigated this hypothesis on alien woody species in South Africa. First, we defined 12 services provided by all the 210 known naturalized alien woody plants in South Africa. Then, we tested for a phylogenetic signal in these services using a DNA barcode-based phylogeny. Finally, we tested for potential links between the services and invasion status by fitting GLM models with appropriate error families. We found a phylogenetic signal in most services, suggesting that closely related species tend to provide similar services. Counter-intuitively, we consistently found that alien non-invasive species tend to provide more services, or even unique services, in comparison to alien invasive species. Although alternative scenarios are plausible to explain this unexpected finding, we speculate that harvesting alien plants for human benefits may limit their invasion ability. This warrants further investigation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Invasive Alien Species"

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Theile, H. Lenore. "Invasion of contrasting ecosystems by alien plant species /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18380.pdf.

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Dutrieux, Mariane. "Spatio-temporal species distribution modeling: Application to invasive alien species’ monitoring." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-224319.

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The developments of species distribution modeling techniques have brought new opportunities in the field of biological invasion management. In particular, statistical niche modeling for spatio-temporal predictions of species’ distribution is a widely spread tool that has proved its efficiency. The main purpose of this Master thesis is to study applicability of species distribution modeling to invasive alien species, with the aim of supporting efficient decision-making for their prevention. Some research questions are: how useful can species distribution modeling be for invasives’ prevention? Is distribution modeling technically feasible in the case of invasive species? What types of techniques are recommended to model distributions of IAS? What are the limits of such a tool? The methods employed to answer these questions are literature review and expert advice. I found that species distribution models can provide risk maps which are necessary to enable effective invasive alien species’ prevention. However intrinsic characteristics of invasives introduce uncertainties in the predictions made. Consequently several preliminary analyses should be conducted before applying the distribution model. Finally recommendations were made on the most appropriate distribution modeling technique to use depending on the urgency of the situation and the availability of data.
Utvecklingen av metoder för modelering av artdistribution har medfört nya möjligheter inom området hantering av biologiska invasioner. Statistisk nischmodelering för spatio-temporala förutsägelser av arters distribution är ett väl använt verktyg som har visat sig vara effektivt. Det övergripande målet med det här arbetet har varit att studera hur lämpad artmodelering är vid förebyggande av invasioner av främmande arter. Det har även undersökts huruvida metoden kan bidra till bättre och enklare beslutsfattande när det kommer till att förhindra sådana invasioner. Forskningsfrågorna lyder: hur användbart är fördelningsmodelering för förebyggande av spriding av invasiva arter? Är distributionsmodelering tekniskt genomförbar när det gäller invasiva arter? Vilka olika tekniker rekommenderas för att modelera spridningen av invasiva arter? Vilka begräsningar har modelerna? De metoder som används är litteraturöversikt och expertråd. Resultaten visar att artdistributionsmodelering kan bidra till att sammanställa riskkartor som är nödvändiga för att möjliggöra ett förebyggande arbete. Men speciella egenskaper hos de invasiva arterna som är svåra att förutse skapar osäkerheter i resultatet. Därför kan preliminära analyser med fördel genomföras innan modelering. I slutsatserna återfinns rekommendationer för vilken distributionsmodelteknik man bör använda, beroende av hur brådskande situationen är och om data finns tillgängligt.
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Smith, Ross L. "Invasive alien plant species of The Bahamas and biodiversity management." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1275062320.

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Smith, Owen Peter. "Allelopathic potential of the invasive alien Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle)." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1592.

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Investigations were carried out into the allelopathic potential of the invasive alien annual Himalayan Balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) using a series of bioassays, including ones developed or adapted for this study. They were evaluated for their suitability to detect three of the four main modes of allelochemical release, namely leaching, exudation and decomposition. Assays which involved the measurement of lettuce radicles and hypocotyls gave reliable results and allowed a range of different Impatiens material, both living and dead, to be assessed and ranked according to the allelopathic effects demonstrated. Attempts were made to isolate resource competition from allelopathy using separately grown but connected donor and receiver plants and a density dependent design where single I. glandulifera plants were grown in pots with variable numbers of receiver plants. Results proved inconclusive. Initial experiments showed that the allelopathic potential of I. glandulifera varied according to the organ from which the material was derived. Pods, leaves and stems produced the greatest inhibition of lettuce seedlings. Effects on germination were not significant at most of the concentrations tested. Live roots of I. glandulifera plants produced pronounced orange staining of the agar into which they were placed and showed clear evidence of distance dependent inhibition of lettuce radicles. Effects were limited to growth rather than germination of the test plants. Germinating I. glandulifera seeds caused a significant inhibition of lettuce radicle elongation when the two species were grown together in an agar medium. The inhibitory effects increased significantly with increasing exposure time. Increasing I. glandulifera seedling number also produced significant reductions in lettuce radicle length. Dormant seeds, by contrast, stimulated growth. Dead seeds did not produce significant changes to the growth of the test plants. When rhizosphere soil was gathered from pot grown I. glandulifera plants, the results were mixed. Initial samples inhibited growth, whereas those collected from dying plants over a period of weeks stimulated growth. Further experimentation is required before the indications of allelopathic interactions demonstrated here can be applied to the behaviour of wild populations of I. glandulifera.
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Phillips, Ben Lee. "Evolution and impact of invasive species : cane toads and snakes in Australia." University of Sydney. School of Biological Sciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/611.

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Evolution can occur rapidly, along timescales that are traditionally regarded as 'ecological'. Despite growing acceptance among biologists of rapid evolution, a strong paradigm of contemporary evolution is still absent in many sub-disciplines. Here I apply a contemporary evolution viewpoint to conservation biology. Specifically, I examine the impact of cane toads (Bufo marinus) on Australian snakes. Toads were introduced into Australia in 1935, have spread rapidly and represent a novel, extremely toxic prey item to na�ve Australian predators (including snakes). Based on dietary preferences and geographic distributions I find that 49 species of Australian snake are potentially at risk from the invasion of the toad. Furthermore, examination of physiological resistance to toad toxin in 10 of these �at risk� species strongly suggests that most species of Australian snake are poorly equipped to deal with a likely dose of toad toxin. Even species that are highly resistant to toad toxin (such as the keelback, Tropidonophis mairii) face indirect fitness costs associated with consuming toads. Within a population of snakes however, the impact of toads is unlikely to be random. For example, the examination of several component allometries describing the interaction between snakes and toads revealed that, within a species, smaller snakes are more likely to ingest a fatal dose of toad toxin than are larger snakes. Further consideration of the interaction between snakes and toads suggests that toads will not only be exerting differential impact on snakes based upon morphology, but also exert non-random selection on prey preference and resistance to toad toxin in snake populations. To examine the possibility of a morphological response by snakes to toads, I examined changes in the body size and relative head size of four species of snake as a consequence of time since exposure to toads. Two of the species (green treesnakes and red-bellied blacksnakes) are predicted to face strong impacts from toads. These two species showed an increase in mean body size and a decrease in relative head size as a consequence of time since exposure to toads; both changes in an adaptive direction. In contrast, the other two species (keelbacks and swampsnakes) are predicted to face much lower impact from toads, and these two species showed little or no evidence of morphological change associated with time since exposure to toads. These results indicate an adaptive change in morphology at a rate that is proportional to the predicted level of impact for each species, strongly suggesting an evolved response. Red-bellied blacksnakes (a toad-vulnerable species) were further assessed for evolved responses in prey preference and toxin resistance. Comparisons between toad-exposed and toad-na�ve populations of blacksnakes revealed that snakes from toad-exposed populations exhibited slightly higher resistance to toad toxin and a much-reduced tendency to eat toads, when compared with toad-na�ve snakes. Na�ve snakes exhibited no tendency to learn avoidance of toxic prey, nor were they able to acquire resistance to toxin as a result of several sub-lethal doses, suggesting that the observed differences between populations is evolved rather than acquired. Together, these results strongly suggest that blacksnakes are exhibiting an evolved shift in prey preference and toxin resistance as a consequence of exposure to toads. Thus, it appears that snakes are exhibiting adaptation at multiple traits in response to exposure to toads. Given the high likelihood that these adaptive shifts have an evolved basis, it appears that the impact of toads will decrease with time in many snake populations. But what about toads? Because the outcome of the interaction between a toad and a snake is also mediated by the body size and relative toxicity of toads, it is important to understand how these traits vary in space and time. Exploratory analysis revealed that toads exhibit a decrease in body size and a decrease in relative toxicity as a consequence of time since colonisation, indicating that their impact on native predators decreases with time. Additionally, there appears to be meaningful spatial variation in toad relative toxicity, indicating that some populations of native predators are facing higher impact from toads than others. Overall, these results clearly indicate the importance of assessing the potential for rapid evolutionary response in impacted systems. Doing so may provide evidence that some species are in less trouble than originally thought. Additionally, and as more data accumulate, it may be possible to characterise certain categories of environmental impact by their potential for eliciting adaptive response from �impacted� species. This approach has strong implications for the way conservation priorities are set and the way in which conservation dependent populations are managed.
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Jurk, Clova. "Fouled yachts : a vector for marine invasive alien species to South African shores?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11045.

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Biofouling on recreational yachts is an important vector for marine invasive alien species (MIAS) in many countries. There are various characteristics of a vessel that make it more susceptible to hull fouling. Yachts in three Western Cape marinas were surveyed to assess extent of fouling, hull maintenance patterns, travel history and yacht-owner awareness of MIAS issues.
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Riley, Sophie Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Invasive alien species and the protection of biodiversity: the role of quarantine laws in resolving inadequacies in the international legal regime." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Law, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41301.

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The problem of invasive alien species (IAS) is recognized as the second most serious threat to loss of biodiversity after habitat destruction. It is a problem largely created by humans as they transport and introduce species, deliberately and accidentally, from one part of the globe to another. The pressures exerted on biodiversity by international trade are one of the most serious aspects of the IAS problem. Although states are under obligations in international environmental law to prevent the entry of, and control, those alien species that threaten biodiversity, to date state practice has often been found wanting. In particular, quarantine regulation, which can be a state??s first line of defence against IAS, is mainly used by states to protect their farming and agricultural product sectors rather than biodiversity at large. The reasons for this include lack of domestic resources and lack of guidance at the international level. However, even if states were to expand the purview of quarantine, the question arises whether they would be able to use quarantine regulation to protect biodiversity from IAS while simultaneously fulfilling their international trade law obligations. This study seeks to answer this question by examining international environmental law and international trade law in their application to quarantine regulation. In doing so, the study identifies many areas of conflict. The different policies that underpin environmental and trade regimes mean that environmental concepts, such as the precautionary principle and the ecosystem approach, are difficult to apply within the international trade law regime. A way of achieving a more harmonized international response to the problem of IAS is suggested by incorporating environmental considerations into the international standards used by states to design and implement domestic quarantine measures. To facilitate the practical implementation of international standards the study further recommends appropriate financial and institutional capacity building mechanisms.
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Yapi, Thozamile Steve. "An assessment of the impacts of invasive Australian wattle species on grazing provision and livestock production in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95455.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: I investigated the impacts of the invasive wattle species (Acacia mearnsii, A. dealbata, A. decurrens), on the ecological function and productivity of rangelands in South Africa and their ability to sustain livestock production. More specifically, this study set out to: (1) assess grazing areas at a national scale; (2) identify evidence of progressive impacts of these species on livestock production across a selection of magisterial districts; (3) determine the effects of A. mearnsii density on growth form dominance of indigenous plant species, and highlight how this translates into impacts in forage quality and quantity; (4) determine the effects of A. mearnsii invasion on soil resources and conditions (key determinates of ecological function) required to support grazing production; and finally (5) determine to effects that clearing operations have had on the provision of grazing resources. My results indicate that the level of overlap between wattle invasion and areas with a high grazing potential, at the national scale, is relatively low (2.9%). However, at a magisterial district scale, areas with a high grazing potential have a moderate (approximately 35.1% high grazing potential area under wattle invasion for highest invaded district) level of invasion. Scattered and moderate levels of invasion currently dominate or characterise these species invasion patterns. Both light and dense A. mearnsii invasions reduce grazing capacity. Dense invasion had the most severe effect reducing grazing capacity from 2 ha, required to support one large stock unit, to 8 ha. The clearing of this species was found to improve grazing capacity within 5 years. The reduction in grazing capacity following invasion was largely due to reduced basal cover and herbaceous biomass. The clearing of invaded sites was found to increase both basal cover and herbaceous biomass to pre-invasion levels. Acacia mearnsii invasion was found to affect certain soil properties. Under an A. mearnsii canopy, plant litter, carbon content of the soil and nitrogen concentrations were all found to be elevated. Overall, this study demonstrates that Acacia invasions have a significant effect on grazing resources at a local or site scale, and that for the eastern region of South Africa, these effects are ultimately scaled up to a district level. This is likely to have important financial and human well-being repercussions. However clearing and restoration programs are clearly able to reverse or mitigate these effects. This study therefore lends support to or complements other ecosystem service provision arguments for clearing alien invasive species.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die impak van die indringer- wattelbome spesies ( A. mearnsii , A. dealbata , A. decurrens) , op die ekologiese funksie en produktiwiteit van weivelde in Suid-Afrika en hul vermoë om vee produksie te onderhou was ondersoek. Meer spesifiek, is hierdie studie uiteengesit om: (1) ondersoek in te stel na die mate van oorvleueling tussen indringing deur wattelbome spesies en belangrike weidingsgebiede op 'n nasionale skaal; (2) bewyse te verskaf van die progressiewe impak van hierdie spesies op vee-produksie oor 'n seleksie van politieke distrikte, (3) die gevolge van A. mearnsii digtheid op groei vorm en oorheersing van inheemse plante te wys, en hoe dit voer kwaliteit en kwantiteit affekteer; (4) die gevolge van A. mearnsii indringing op grond hulpbronne sowel as die kondisie (sleutel bepalende faktore van ekologiese funksie) wat benodig word om weiding produksie te ondersteun vas te stel, en uiteindelik (5) om die gevolge van skoonmaak bedrywighede op die voorsiening van weiding hulpbronne te bepaaal. My resultate dui daarop dat die vlak van oorvleueling tussen die wattelbome indringing en gebiede met 'n hoë weiding potensiaal, by die nasionale skaal, relatief laag is (2’9 %). Maar op 'n landdrosdistrik skaal, het gebiede met 'n hoë weiding potensiaal 'n matige (ongeveer 35.1 % weiding potensiaal area onder wattelbome indringing vir die hoogste binnegevalde distrik ) vlak van indringing. Verspreide en matige vlakke van indringing oorheers tans of kenmerk hierdie spesies se indringings patrone. Beide lig en digte A. mearnsii besettings verminder dravermoë. Digte inval het die mees ernstige uitwerking en verminder dravermoë van 2 ha, wat nodig is om een grootvee-eenheid te ondersteun na 8 ha. Bevindinge wys dat die verwydering van hierdie spesies weiding kapasiteit kan verbeter binne 'n tydperk van 5 jaar. Die afname in dravermoë na indringing is grootliks te wyte aan die afname in basale bedekking en kruidagtige biomassa. Na die skoonmaak van indringer persele is bevind dat beide basale bedekking en biomassa weer verhoog tot voor- indringings vlakke. Acacia mearnsii indringing beïnvloed sekere grondeienskappe. Onder A. mearnsii blaredak, is alle blaarafval, koolstof-inhoud van die grond en stikstof konsentrasies verhef. In die algeheel, toon hierdie studie dat die Acacia indringings 'n beduidende uitwerking op weidings hulpbronne by 'n plaaslike of perseel skaal het, en vir die oostelike streek van Suid-Afrika, is hierdie effekte ook uiteindelik vertaalbaar tot 'n distrik vlak. Dit sal waarskynlik belangrike finansiële en menslike welsyn gevolge hê, maar die skoonmaak en herstel programme is duidelik daartoe instaat om die gevolge te keer of te verminder. Hierdie studie leen dus ondersteuning aan of komplimenteer ander ekostelsel dienslewering argumente (soos dié van die Werk vir Water program) vir die verwydering van indringerspesies.
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Holmes, P. M. "A comparative study of the seed bank dynamics of two congeneric alien invasive species." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17724.

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Includes bibliographies.
The unique vegetation in the lowlands of the fynbos biome is threatened by alien Acacia encroachment. The seed bank dynamics of the two most widespread invaders in the region, Acacia saligma and A. cyclops, was studied to elucidate those factors contributing most to their invasive success. This information was then used to assist in developing optimal control methods. On the basis of information available prior to this study, it was predicted that both species would have large, persistent seed banks in the so.il, and that seed bank processes would provide the - key to invasive success: namely, high seed longevity and heat-stimulated germination. Seed banks were monitored for several years following clearing of the parent stand, using either sites sampled in an earlier study, or sites providing chronosequences of clearing dates. Concurrently, a demographic study of the species' seed banks, including processes from seed rain through to seedling emergence and survival, was done in dense Acacia stands and in fynbos vegetation. Acacia saligma seed banks conformed to predictions, being large and persistent owing to high percentage viability and water-impermeable dormancy. Seed banks accumulate rapidly under dense stands and are "disturbance-coupled" as they have potentially high longevity unless stimulated to germinate by fire. Although A. cyclops seed banks also may be large and long-lived, they display variable percentage viability and dormancy, with the majority of a seed cohort surviving less than a year. Acacia cyclops seed banks do not respond to heat treatment and appear to be "disturbance-uncoupled".
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Ramaswiela, Tshililo. "The spatial distribution of alien and invasive vascular plant species on sub-Antarctic Marion Island." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5471.

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Thesis (MSc )--Stellenbosch University, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The patterns of spread of non-indigenous species and the factors influencing their distribution have been studied infrequently on Southern Ocean Islands, where the prevention and control of biological invasions is a priority for conservation management. Owing to its remoteness and relatively small size, sub-Antarctic Marion Island provides an ideal opportunity to investigate the patterns of spread of invasive species and the factors likely influencing the distribution of alien species. Therefore, this study provides a spatially explicit documentation of the alien and invasive vascular plant species on Marion Island, the change in their distribution patterns through time, an assessment of the correlates of the current distributions, documentation of species rich areas, and provides recommendations for control based on these data and life history data available for each species. To ensure comprehensive coverage for the current estimate of distributions, a combination of a systematic (spatially explicit) survey and an ad hoc data collection method was used to examine the abundance and occupancy of each alien plant species across the island. The spatially explicit survey was used to identify sampling sites on a ½ minute by ½ minute scale (926 m × 926 m) which resulted in 348 sites across the island, whereas 2356 additional presence records were added during the ad hoc sampling. The residence time of each species was also estimated from the first records reported in various literature. While it has been documented in many studies that residence time is an important factor explaining species distribution, this study showed that distribution of alien species on Marion Island is not explained by residence time. The alien plant species on Marion Island differ markedly in their occupancy, distribution and rate of expansion. Agrostis stolonifera, Cerastium fontanum, Poa annua and Sagina procumbens are all expanding their ranges, whereas the range of Stellaria media appears to be contracting. Cerastium fontanum is the most widespread species on Marion Island while Sagina procumbens is the most abundant (number of records) and most rapidly expanding species on both Marion and Prince Edward Islands. Generalized linear models demonstrated that altitude, distance to human disturbed sites, and nearest neighbour presence are all significant and often strong correlates of spatial variation in alien vascular plant species richness and individual species presences on Marion Island. In particular, alien species richness on Marion Island declines sharply with increasing elevation, and that the distribution of the most widespread species is spatially aggregated. The surroundings of the Meteorological station and Mixed Pickle hut exhibit high richness and a high likelihood of the presence of individual species. None of the models developed for this study resulted in habitat type being significant explanatory variable for the distribution of any of the alien plant species, although from the records alone it is clear that the salt spray vegetation type is avoided. Together with assessments of the life history of the species, the current distribution data suggest that few alien plant species can be easily eradicated. Most are already too widespread already for cost effective eradication. Moreover, given the current rate of spread of Agrostis stolonifera, Cerastium fontanum, Poa annua and Sagina procumbens, and their apparent lack of habitat preference, it seems likely that within the next few decades many lowland habitats will be dominated by these species. By contrast, Rumex acestosella, Agrostis gigantea, Agropyron repens, Juncus effusus, Luzula cf. multiflora and the newly established shrub species should be the subject of control or eradication efforts. This thesis provides comprehensive baseline data on alien vascular plant distributions as a benchmark for future assessments.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die verspreidingspatrone van uitheemse spesies en die faktore wat hulle verspreiding beïnvloed is selde op Suidelike Oseaan Eilande bestudeer, waar die voorkoming en beheer van biologiese indringing ‘n prioriteit is vir bewaringsbestuur. Te danke aan sy afgeleëndheid en relatiewe klein grootte, voorsien sub-Antarktiese Marion Eiland ‘n ideale geleentheid om die patrone van verspreiding van indringer spesies en die faktore wat moontlik die verspreiding van uitheemse spesies beïnvloed te ondersoek. Daarom voorsien hierdie studie ‘n ruimtelik eksplisiete dokumentering van die uitheemse en indringer vaatplant spesies op Marion Eiland, die verandering in hulle verspreidingspatrone oor tyd, ‘n bepaling van die korrelasies van die huidige verspreidings, dokumentering van spesiesryke areas, en voorsien aanbevelings vir beheer gebasseer op hierdie data en die lewensloopdata beskikbaar vir elke spesie. Om omvattende dekking vir die huidige skatting van vespreidings te verseker, is ‘n kombinasie van sistematiese en ad hoc metodes gebruik om die talrykheid en besetting van elke uitheemse spesie oor die eiland te ondersoek. Die ruimtelik eksplisiete opname is gebruik om moniteringsplotte op ‘n ½ minuut by ½ minuut skaal (926 m × 926 m), met die resultaat van 348 plotte oor die eiland, terwyl 2356 addisionele voorkomsrekords bygevoeg is tydens die ad hoc versameling. Die verblyftyd van elke spesie is ook beraam vanaf die eerste rekords in die literatuur. Terwyl dit aangeteken is dat verblyftyd ‘n belangrike faktor is om spesie verspreiding te verduidelik, wys hierdie studie dat verspreiding van uitheemse spesies op Marion Eiland nie verduidelik word deur verblyftyd nie. Die uitheemse spesies op Marion Eiland verskil aansienlik in hulle besetting, verspreiding en tempo van uitbreiding. Agrostis stolonifera, Cerastium fontanum, Poa annua en Sagina procumbens brei almal hulle areas uit, terwyl die area van Stellaria media bleik te krimp. Cerastium fontanum is die mees wydverspreide spesie op Marion Eiland, terwyl Sagina procumbens die oorvloedigste (aantal rekords) en die vinnigste uitbreidende spesie is op beide Marion en Prince Edward Eiland. Veralgemeende lineêre modelle het aangetoon dat hoogte, afstand na menslike versteurde plotte, en naaste buurman teenwoordigheid almal betekenisvol is en gereeld sterk korreleer met ruimtelike variasie in uitheemse vaatplant spesierykheid en individuele spesie voorkoms op Marion Eiland. Uitheemse spesierykheid op Marion Eiland neem in besonder sterk af met ‘n toename in hoogte en die verspreiding van die mees wyduitgebreide spesies is ruimtelik saamgesteld. Die omgewing om die Weerstasie en Mixed Pickle hut toon hoë rykheid en ‘n hoë waarskynlikheid van die voorkoms van individuele spesies. Nie een van die modelle wat vir hierdie studie ontwikkel is toon ‘n belangrikheid in habitat tipe as ‘n verduidelikbare veranderlike vir die verspreiding van enige van die uitheemse plant spesies nie, alhoewel vanuit die rekords alleen is dit duidelik dat soutsproei plantegroei nie verkies word nie. Tesame met ondersoeke oor die lewensloop van die spesies, stel die huidige verspreidingsdata voor dat min uitheemse plant spesies maklik uitgeroei kan word. Die meeste is eenvoudig te wydverspreid vir koste effektiewe uitroeiing. Voorts, gegewe die huidige tempo van uitbreiding van Agrostis stolonifera, Cerastium fontanum, Poa annua en Sagina procumbens en hulle skynbare gebrek aan habitat voorkeur, is dit hoogs waarskynlik dat baie van die laerliggende habitatte binne die volgende paar dekades gedomineer sal word deur hierdie spesies. In teenstelling, Rumex acestosella, Agrostis gigantea, Agropyron repens, Juncus effusus, Luzula cf. multiflora en die nuutgevestigde struik spesie moet die fokus wees van beheer/uitroeiing pogings. Hierdie tesis voorsien omvattende basislyn data oor uitheemse vaatplantverspreidings as ‘n standaard vir toekomstige ondersoeke.
This project was funded by the South African National Antarctic Programme of the National Research Foundation (NRF – SANAP). Additional funding was provided by The Prince Edward Islands book fund.
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Books on the topic "Invasive Alien Species"

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Alien invasion: Invasive species become major menaces. Pleasantville, NY: Gareth Stevens Pub., 2010.

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Lee, Michelle. Invasive alien species in Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Canadian Wildlife Service, 2004.

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Venette, R. C., ed. Pest risk modelling and mapping for invasive alien species. Wallingford: CABI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780643946.0000.

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Howard, Geoffrey W. Alien invasive species in Africa's wetlands: Some threats and solutions. Nairobi, Kenya: Available from IUCN Eastern Africa Regional Office, 2003.

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Ikuma, Edmond K. Filling the gaps in the fight against invasive species. Honolulu, Hawaii: Legislative Reference Bureau, 2002.

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Invasive Species Workshop (2000 San Diego, Calif.). Proceedings of the Invasive Species Workshop: The role of fire in the control and spread of invasive species. Tallahassee, FL: Tall Timbers Research Station, 2001.

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Zhongguo wai lai ru qin sheng wu: China's invasive alien species. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2011.

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Rüdiger, Wittenberg, and Cock Matthew J. W, eds. Invasive alien species: A toolkit of best prevention and management practices. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CABI Pub., 2001.

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Wittenberg, R., and M. J. W. Cock, eds. Invasive alien species: a toolkit of best prevention and management practices. Wallingford: CABI, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851995694.0000.

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Shine, Clare. A guide to designing legal and institutional frameworks on alien invasive species. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN--the World Conservation Union, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Invasive Alien Species"

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Peiris, H. O. W., S. Chakraverty, S. S. N. Perera, and S. M. W. Ranwala. "Invasive Alien Plant Species." In Modeling Invasive Alien Plant Species, 1–6. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003193807-1.

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Bolch, Erik A., Maria J. Santos, Christiana Ade, Shruti Khanna, Nicholas T. Basinger, Martin O. Reader, and Erin L. Hestir. "Remote Detection of Invasive Alien Species." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 267–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_12.

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AbstractThe spread of invasive alien species (IAS) is recognized as the most severe threat to biodiversity outside of climate change and anthropogenic habitat destruction. IAS negatively impact ecosystems, local economies, and residents. They are especially problematic because once established, they give rise to positive feedbacks, increasing the likelihood of further invasions and spread. The integration of remote sensing (RS) to the study of invasion, in addition to contributing to our understanding of invasion processes and impacts to biodiversity, has enabled managers to monitor invasions and predict the spread of IAS, thus supporting biodiversity conservation and management action. This chapter focuses on RS capabilities to detect and monitor invasive plant species across terrestrial, riparian, aquatic, and human-modified ecosystems. All of these environments have unique species assemblages and their own optimal methodology for effective detection and mapping, which we discuss in detail.
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New, Tim R. "Impacts of Alien Invasive Species." In Mutualisms and Insect Conservation, 153–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58292-4_8.

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Pech, Roger P. "Managing Alien Species: the Australian Experience." In Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management, 377–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4523-7_25.

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Frommelt, Felix. "Invasive Alien Species – The Eradication or Use of Invasive Alien Species Under EU Law." In Sustainability and Law, 475–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42630-9_24.

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Armon, Robert H., and Argyro Zenetos. "Invasive Alien Species and Their Indicators." In Environmental Indicators, 147–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9499-2_10.

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Paunović, Momir, Béla Csányi, Predrag Simonović, and Katarina Zorić. "Invasive Alien Species in the Danube." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 389–409. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2015_376.

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Peiris, H. O. W., S. Chakraverty, S. S. N. Perera, and S. M. W. Ranwala. "Evaluation of Invasion Risk Levels with Symmetrically Distributed Linguistic Terms Sets." In Modeling Invasive Alien Plant Species, 127–58. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003193807-10.

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Peiris, H. O. W., S. Chakraverty, S. S. N. Perera, and S. M. W. Ranwala. "Risk Assessment of Invasive Alien Plant Species." In Modeling Invasive Alien Plant Species, 7–10. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003193807-2.

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Peiris, H. O. W., S. Chakraverty, S. S. N. Perera, and S. M. W. Ranwala. "Evaluation of Invasion Risk Intervals with Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters." In Modeling Invasive Alien Plant Species, 113–26. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003193807-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Invasive Alien Species"

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Bonin-Font, Francisco, Miguel Martin Abadal, Eric Guerrrero Font, Antoni Martorell Torres, Bo Miquel Nordtfeldt, Julia Maez Crespo, Fiona Tomas, and Yolanda Gonzalez-Cid. "AUVs for Control of Marine Alien Invasive Species." In OCEANS 2021: San Diego – Porto. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans44145.2021.9705915.

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Karakaya, Mert, Maurizio Porfiri, and Giovanni Polverino. "Invasive alien species respond to biologically-inspired robotic predators." In Bioinspiration, Biomimetics, and Bioreplication X, edited by Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Raúl J. Martín-Palma, and Mato Knez. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2557871.

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Ebel, A. L., S. A. Sheremetova, I. A. Khrustaleva, T. O. Strelnikova, S. I. Mikhailova, and T. V. Ebel. "To the study of alien species in the flora of Khakassia." In Problems of studying the vegetation cover of Siberia. TSU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-927-3-2020-49.

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As a result of the field studies, analysis of publications and herbarium materials, it has been established that by now the alien flora of the Republic of Khakassia includes about 140 species of vascular plants. Of this number, more than 30 species are invasive plants included in the “Black Book of Flora of Siberia” (2016). In recent years, there has been both a fairly rapid replenishment of the flora with alien plants and a noticeable dispersal of a number of invasive species across the territory of Khakassia. For the purpose of monitoring alien plant species, we use the capabilities of the international scientific network iNaturalist.org.
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Poiré, Thierry. "An alien buried in the snow: Risk assessment of invasive alien species in the Canadian context." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.105262.

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Kitamoto, Asanobu, Miri Nakahara, Izumi Washitani, Taku Kadoya, Masaki Yasuwaka, and Masaru Kitsuregawa. "Information Visualization and Organization for Participatory Monitoring of Invasive Alien Species." In 2009 20th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Application. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dexa.2009.85.

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Goka, Koichi. "Addressing invasive alien insect species in Japan — its progress and challenges." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113414.

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SURYAWAN, DHANI. "Sebaran invasive alien species Acacia decurrens pada kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi." In Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia. Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m010409.

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Xu, Congcong. "Invasive alien species in China: the current situation, problems and possible solutions." In International Conference on Earth Science and Environmental Protection (ICESEP2013). Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/icesep131351.

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Omelyanenko, T. Z., N. A. Bagrikova, V. G. Kulakov, and Yu Yu Kulakova. "State of knowledge and research prospects of Iva xanthifolia Nutt. – alien species in the Crimean flora." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-36.

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The analysis of literature references on the history of dispersal of invasive plant Iva xanthifolia Nutt., as well as results of our own field observations in the Crimean Peninsula, are presented. Iva xanthifolia is invasive species in 10 European countries and in 46 regions of the Russian Federation. Study of herbarium specimens (YALT, SIMF) and our field studies have shown that the species is now widely distributed along embankments of highways and railways, along settlements and towns, in weedy and disturbed areas in the Republic of Crimea. The negative role of the species for the export of Russian grain in other countries is noted.
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Rivas, Giovanni, Alec Moore, Erica Dholoo, and Paul Mitchell. "Alien Invasive Species: Risk And Management Perspectives For The Oil and Gas Industry." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/127132-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Invasive Alien Species"

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Shrestha, B. B., S. Joshi, N. Bisht, S. Yi, R. Kotru, R. P. Chaudhary, and N. Wu. Inventory and Impact Assessment of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape; ICIMOD Working Paper 2018/2. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.724.

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Shrestha, B. B., S. Joshi, N. Bisht, S. Yi, R. Kotru, R. P. Chaudhary, and N. Wu. Inventory and Impact Assessment of Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape; ICIMOD Working Paper 2018/2. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.724.

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Guidance for drafting best management practices for invasive alien species. Instituut voor Natuur- en Bosonderzoek, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21436/inbor.14912489.

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Manual on Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape-Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.637.

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Manual on Invasive Alien Plant Species in Kailash Sacred Landscape-Nepal. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.637.

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Community Training Manual: Management of Invasive Alien Plant Species in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.657.

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Community Training Manual: Management of Invasive Alien Plant Species in the Hindu Kush Himalaya. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.657.

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कैलाश पवित्र भू–परिधि नेपालमा पाइने मिचाहा बाह्य वनस्पति प्रजातिहरू [ Manual on invasive alien plant species in Kailash Sacred Landscape-Nepal ]. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.651.

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कैलाश पवित्र भू–परिधि नेपालमा पाइने मिचाहा बाह्य वनस्पति प्रजातिहरू [ Manual on invasive alien plant species in Kailash Sacred Landscape-Nepal ]. Kathmandu, Nepal: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.651.

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