Journal articles: 'Invasions'

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Rouget, Mathieu, Mark P. Robertson, John R. U. Wilson, Cang Hui, Franz Essl, Jorge L. Renteria, and David M. Richardson. "Invasion debt - quantifying future biological invasions." Diversity and Distributions 22, no. 4 (December 20, 2015): 445–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12408.

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Richardson, David M., and Petr Pyšek. "Plant invasions: merging the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, no. 3 (July 2006): 409–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp490pr.

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This paper considers key issues in plant invasion ecology, where findings published since 1990 have significantly improved our understanding of many aspects of invasions. The review focuses on vascular plants invading natural and semi-natural ecosystems, and on fundamental ecological issues relating to species invasiveness and community invasibility. Three big questions addressed by the SCOPE programme in the 1980s (which species invade; which habitats are invaded; and how can we manage invasions?) still underpin most work in invasion ecology. Some organizing and unifying themes in the field are organism-focused and relate to species invasiveness (the tens rule; the concept of residence time; taxonomic patterns and Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis; issues of phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolutionary change, including evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis; the role of long-distance dispersal). Others are ecosystem-centred and deal with determinants of the invasibility of communities, habitats and regions (levels of invasion, invasibility and propagule pressure; the biotic resistance hypothesis and the links between diversity and invasibility; synergisms, mutualisms, and invasional meltdown). Some theories have taken an overarching approach to plant invasions by integrating the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility (a theory of seed plant invasiveness; fluctuating resources theory of invasibility). Concepts, hypotheses and theories reviewed here can be linked to the naturalization-invasion continuum concept, which relates invasion processes with a sequence of environmental and biotic barriers that an introduced species must negotiate to become casual, naturalized and invasive. New research tools and improved research links between invasion ecology and succession ecology, community ecology, conservation biology and weed science, respectively, have strengthened the conceptual pillars of invasion ecology.

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Jun, Sun-Young, Soyeon An, You-Na Sung, Yejong Park, Jae Hoon Lee, Dae Wook Hwang, and Seung-Mo Hong. "Clinicopathologic and Prognostic Significance of Gallbladder and Cystic Duct Invasion in Distal Bile Duct Carcinoma." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 144, no. 6 (November 22, 2019): 755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2019-0218-oa.

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Context.— The roles of the gallbladder and cystic duct (CD) invasions in distal bile duct carcinoma (DBDC) have not been well elucidated. Objective.— To define the characteristics and prognostic significance of gallbladder or CD invasions in patients with DBDC. Design.— Organ invasion patterns with clinicopathologic features were assessed in 258 resected DBDCs. Results.— CD invasions (N = 31) were associated with frequent concomitant pancreatic and/or duodenal invasions (23 of 31, 74%) and showed stromal infiltration (16 of 31, 52%) and intraductal cancerization (15 of 31, 48%) patterns. In only 2 cases, invasions with intraductal cancerization were observed in the gallbladder neck. Conversely, all pancreatic (N = 175) and duodenal (83) invasions developed through stromal infiltration. CD invasions were associated with larger tumor size (P = .001), bile duct margin positivity (P = .001), perineural invasions (P = .04), and higher N categories (P = .007). Patients with pancreatic or duodenal invasions had significantly lower survival rates than those without pancreatic (median, 31.0 versus 93.9 months) or duodenal (27.5 versus 56.8 months, P < .001, both) invasions. However, those with gallbladder or CD invasions did not have different survival times (P = .13). Patients with concomitant gallbladder/CD and pancreatic/duodenal invasions demonstrated significantly lower survival rates than those without organ invasions (P < .001). Conclusions.— Gallbladder invasions were rare in DBDCs as neck invasions with intraductal cancerization. CD invasions occurred by stromal infiltrations and intraductal cancerization, whereas all pancreatic and duodenal invasions had stromal infiltration patterns. Gallbladder and/or CD invasions did not affect survival rates of patients with DBDC, while pancreatic and duodenal invasions affected survival rates. Therefore, these differences in survival rates may originate from the different invasive patterns of DBDCs.

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Tian, Xiao-Kun, Min-Yan Wang, Ping Meng, Jin-Song Zhang, Ben-Zhi Zhou, Xiao-Gai Ge, Fei-Hai Yu, and Mai-He Li. "Native Bamboo Invasions into Subtropical Forests Alter Microbial Communities in Litter and Soil." Forests 11, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11030314.

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Both exotic and native plant invasions can have profound impacts on ecosystems. While many studies have examined the effects of exotic plant invasions on soil properties, relatively few have tested the effects of native plant invasions on soil microbial communities. Furthermore, we know little about the effects of native plant invasions on microbial communities in litter. In subtropical forests in southern China, we sampled litter at three decomposition stages and top soil in three forest sands representing three stages of the invasion (not invaded, moderately and heavily invaded) by the Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis (Carriere) J. Houzeau), a native species in China. We measured chemical properties (concentrations of C, N, P, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Cu, and Zn, and concentrations of cellulose and lignin) and microbial communities in litter and/or soil. The bamboo invasion, in general, decreased the element concentrations in litter and soil and also decreased total microbial abundance and diversity. Considering bacteria and fungi separately, the bamboo invasion decreased fungal diversity in litter and soil, but had little impact on bacterial diversity, suggesting that fungi are more sensitive and vulnerable to the bamboo invasion than bacteria. We conclude that native Moso bamboo invasions into subtropical forests may lead to a complex biogeochemical process in the litter–soil system, which may threaten local forest ecosystems by affecting microbial communities and, thus, litter decomposition and nutrient cycling.

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Potgieter, Luke J., and Marc W. Cadotte. "The application of selected invasion frameworks to urban ecosystems." NeoBiota 62 (October 15, 2020): 365–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.50661.

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Urbanization is a major driver of global change. Profound human-mediated changes to urban environments have provided increased opportunities for species to invade. The desire to understand and manage biological invasions has led to an upsurge in frameworks describing the mechanisms underpinning the invasion process and the ecological and socio-economic impacts of invading taxa. This paper assesses the applicability of three commonly used invasion frameworks to urban ecosystems. The first framework describes the mechanisms leading to invasion; the second and third frameworks assess individual species, and their associated environmental and socio-economic impacts, respectively. In urban areas, the relative effectiveness of the barriers to invasion is diminished (to varying degrees) allowing a greater proportion of species to move through each subsequent invasion stage, i.e. “the urban effect” on invasion. Impact classification schemes inadequately circumscribe the full suite of impacts (negative and positive) associated with invasions in urban areas. We suggest ways of modifying these frameworks to improve their applicability to understanding and managing urban invasions.

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Heger, Tina, Jonathan M. Jeschke, and Johannes Kollmann. "Some reflections on current invasion science and perspectives for an exciting future." NeoBiota 68 (September 17, 2021): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.68.68997.

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Species spreading beyond their native ranges are important study objects in ecology and environmental sciences and research on biological invasions is thriving. Along with an increase in the number of publications, the research field is experiencing an increase in the diversity of methods applied and questions asked. This development has facilitated an upsurge in information on invasions, but it also creates conceptual and practical challenges. To provide more transparency on which kind of research is actually done in the field, the distinction between invasion science, encompassing the full spectrum of studies on biological invasions and the sub-field of invasion biology, studying patterns and mechanisms of species invasions with a focus on biological research questions, can be useful. Although covering a smaller range of topics, invasion biology today still is the driving force in invasion science and we discuss challenges stemming from its embeddedness in the social context. Invasion biology consists of the building blocks ‘theory’, ‘case studies’ and ‘application’, where theory takes the form of conceptual frameworks, major hypotheses and statistical generalisations. Referencing recent work in philosophy of science, we argue that invasion biology, like other biological or ecological disciplines, does not rely on the development of an all-encompassing theory in order to be efficient. We suggest, however, that theory development is nonetheless necessary and propose improvements. Recent advances in data visualisation, machine learning and semantic modelling are providing opportunities for enhancing knowledge management and presentation and we suggest that invasion science should use these to transform its ways of publishing, archiving and visualising research. Along with a stronger focus on studies going beyond purely biological questions, this would facilitate the efficient prevention and management of biological invasions.

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Romanuk, Tamara N., Yun Zhou, Ulrich Brose, Eric L. Berlow, Richard J. Williams, and Neo D. Martinez. "Predicting invasion success in complex ecological networks." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1524 (June 27, 2009): 1743–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0286.

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A central and perhaps insurmountable challenge of invasion ecology is to predict which combinations of species and habitats most effectively promote and prevent biological invasions. Here, we integrate models of network structure and nonlinear population dynamics to search for potential generalities among trophic factors that may drive invasion success and failure. We simulate invasions where 100 different species attempt to invade 150 different food webs with 15–26 species and a wide range (0.06–0.32) of connectance. These simulations yield 11 438 invasion attempts by non-basal species, 47 per cent of which are successful. At the time of introduction, whether or not the invader is a generalist best predicts final invasion success; however, once the invader establishes itself, it is best distinguished from unsuccessful invaders by occupying a lower trophic position and being relatively invulnerable to predation. In general, variables that reflect the interaction between an invading species and its new community, such as generality and trophic position, best predict invasion success; however, for some trophic categories of invaders, fundamental species traits, such as having the centre of the feeding range low on the theoretical niche axis (for non-omnivorous and omnivorous herbivores), or the topology of the food web (for tertiary carnivores), best predict invasion success. Across all invasion scenarios, a discriminant analysis model predicted successful and failed invasions with 76.5 per cent accuracy for properties at the time of introduction or 100 per cent accuracy for properties at the time of establishment. More generally, our results suggest that tackling the challenge of predicting the properties of species and habitats that promote or inhibit invasions from food web perspective may aid ecologists in identifying rules that govern invasions in natural ecosystems.

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Ingenloff, Kathryn, Christopher M. Hensz, Tashitso Anamza, Vijay Barve, Lindsay P. Campbell, Jacob C. Cooper, Ed Komp, et al. "Predictable invasion dynamics in North American populations of the Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1862 (September 6, 2017): 20171157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1157.

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Species invasions represent a significant dimension of global change yet the dynamics of invasions remain poorly understood and are considered rather unpredictable. We explored interannual dynamics of the invasion process in the Eurasian collared dove ( Streptopelia decaocto ) and tested whether the advance of the invasion front of the species in North America relates to centrality (versus peripherality) within its estimated fundamental ecological niche. We used ecological niche modelling approaches to estimate the dimensions of the fundamental ecological niche on the Old World distribution of the species, and then transferred that model to the New World as measures of centrality versus peripherality within the niche for the species. Although our hypothesis was that the invasion front would advance faster over more favourable (i.e. more central) conditions, the reverse was the case: the invasion expanded faster in areas presenting less favourable (i.e. more peripheral) conditions for the species as it advanced across North America. This result offers a first view of a predictive approach to the dynamics of species' invasions, and thereby has relevant implications for the management of invasive species, as such a predictive understanding would allow better anticipation of coming steps and advances in the progress of invasions, important to designing and guiding effective remediation and mitigation efforts.

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Sinclair, James S., Jeffrey A. Brown, and Julie L. Lockwood. "Reciprocal human-natural system feedback loops within the invasion process." NeoBiota 62 (October 15, 2020): 489–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.52664.

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Biological invasions are inextricably linked to how people collect, move, interact with and perceive non-native species. However, invasion frameworks generally do not consider reciprocal interactions between non-native species and people. Non-native species can shape human actions via beneficial or detrimental ecological and socioeconomic effects and people, in turn, shape invasions through their movements, behaviour and how they respond to the collection, transport, introduction and spread of non-natives. The feedbacks that stem from this ‘coupled human and natural system’ (CHANS) could therefore play a key role in mitigating (i.e. negative feedback loops) or exacerbating (i.e. positive feedback loops) ongoing and future invasions. We posit that the invasion process could be subdivided into three CHANS that span from the source region from which non-natives originate to the recipient region in which they establish and spread. We also provide specific examples of feedback loops that occur within each CHANS that have either reduced or facilitated new introductions and spread of established non-native species. In so doing, we add to exisiting invasion frameworks to generate new hypotheses about human-based drivers of biological invasions and further efforts to determine how ecological outcomes feed back into human actions.

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10

Stigall, Alycia L. "The Invasion Hierarchy: Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Invasions in the Fossil Record." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 355–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062638.

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Species invasions are pervasive in Earth history, yet the ecological and evolutionary consequences vary greatly. Ancient invasion events can be organized in a hierarchy of increasing invasion intensity from ephemeral invasions to globally pervasive invasive regimes. Each level exhibits emergent properties exceeding the sum of interactions at lower levels. Hierarchy levels correspond to, but do not always exactly correlate with, geographic extent of invasion success. The ecological impacts of lower-level impacts can be negligible or result in temporary community accommodation. Invasion events at moderate to high levels of the hierarchy permanently alter ecological communities, regional faunas, and global ecosystems. The prevalence of invasive species results in evolutionary changes by fostering niche evolution, differential survival of ecologically generalized taxa, faunal homogenization, and suppressing speciation. These impacts can contribute to mass extinctions and biodiversity crises that alter the trajectory of ecological and evolutionary patterns of life. The fossil record provides a long-term record of how invasion impacts may scale up through time, which can augment ecological studies of modern species invasions.

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Rosenfeld, Dalia. "Invasions." Colorado Review 43, no. 2 (2016): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/col.2016.0049.

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Williamson, Mark. "Invasions." Ecography 22, no. 1 (February 1999): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1999.tb00449.x.

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13

Imboden, Roberta. "The Barbarian Invasions (Les Invasions barbares)." Film Quarterly 58, no. 3 (2005): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2005.58.3.48.

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Abstract The Barbarian Invasions presents a gigantic virtual playground in the real world of a dying man: a ring of former lovers, gay friends, a heroin-addicted young woman, an alienated son, all brought together by an ex-wife——this is the scene of Denys Arcand's film. Then there occurs the miracle of transformation that moves beyond a truth no one can understand. The only alternative is to embrace the mystery.

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Liebhold, Andrew M., Timothy H. Keitt, Nikunj Goel, and Cleo Bertelsmeier. "Scale invariance in the spatial-dynamics of biological invasions." NeoBiota 62 (October 15, 2020): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.53213.

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Despite the enormous negative consequences of biological invasions, we have a limited understanding of how spatial demography during invasions creates population patterns observed at different spatial scales. Early stages of invasions, arrival and establishment, are considered distinct from the later stage of spread, but the processes of population growth and dispersal underlie all invasion phases. Here, we argue that the spread of invading species, to a first approximation, exhibits scale invariant spatial-dynamic patterns that transcend multiple spatial scales. Dispersal from a source population creates smaller satellite colonies, which in turn act as sources for secondary invasions; the scale invariant pattern of coalescing colonies can be seen at multiple scales. This self-similar pattern is referred to as “stratified diffusion” at landscape scales and the “bridgehead effect” at the global scale. The extent to which invasions exhibit such scale-invariant spatial dynamics may be limited by the form of the organisms’ dispersal kernel and by the connectivity of the habitat. Recognition of this self-similar pattern suggests that certain concepts for understanding and managing invasions might be widely transferable across spatial scales.

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Lovenshimer, Joseph B., and Michael D. Madritch. "Plant Community Effects and Genetic Diversity of Post-fire Princess Tree (Paulownia tomentosa) Invasions." Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, no. 2 (June 2017): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.14.

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Many naturalized populations of the invasive tree princess tree exist in North America, yet little research has quantified its effect on native plant communities. A series of recent wildfires in the Linville Gorge Wilderness Area (LGWA) promoted multiple large-scale princess tree invasions in this ecologically important area. To measure community shifts caused by these princess tree invasions across burn areas, we sampled vegetation in paired invaded and noninvaded plots in mature and immature invasions within two burn areas of the LGWA. Plant community composition shifted in response to princess tree invasion across all invasion stages and burn areas. Species richness and Shannon diversity values decreased in invaded plots. Overall community structure also differed in invaded plots within immature invasions (P=0.004). The distribution of princess tree age classes in both burn areas indicates that fire promotes invasion but is not necessary for subsequent recruitment. Additionally, preliminary genetic analyses among distinct princess tree populations revealed very low genetic diversity, suggesting that a single introduction may have occurred in the LGWA. This information regarding community shift and strong post-fire recruitment by princess tree may inform management decisions by prioritizing princess tree control immediately after wildfires and immediately before and after prescribed burns.

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Sebade, B. M., A. L. Hild, and B. A. Mealor. "Native Grasses Collected from Invasions Demonstrate Invasion Resistance." Ecological Restoration 30, no. 3 (July 30, 2012): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.30.3.209.

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Yang, Tianjie, Gang Han, Qingjun Yang, Ville-Petri Friman, Shaohua Gu, Zhong Wei, George A. Kowalchuk, Yangchun Xu, Qirong Shen, and Alexandre Jousset. "Resource stoichiometry shapes community invasion resistance via productivity-mediated species identity effects." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1893 (December 12, 2018): 20182035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.2035.

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Diversity–invasion resistance relationships are often variable and sensitive to environmental conditions such as resource availability. Resource stoichiometry, the relative concentration of different elements in the environment, has been shown to have strong effects on the physiology and interactions between different species. Yet, its role for diversity–invasion resistance relationships is still poorly understood. Here, we explored how the ratio of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus affects the productivity and invasion resistance of constructed microbial communities by a plant pathogenic bacterium, Ralstonia solanacearum . We found that resource stoichiometry and species identity effects affected the invasion resistance of communities. Both high N concentration and resident community diversity constrained invasions, and two resident species, in particular, had strong negative effects on the relative density of the invader and the resident community productivity. While resource stoichiometry did not affect the mean productivity of the resident community, it favoured the growth of two species that strongly constrained invasions turning the slope of productivity–invasion resistance relationship more negative. Together our findings suggest that alterations in resource stoichiometry can change the community resistance to invasions by having disproportionate effects on species growth, potentially explaining changes in microbial community composition under eutrophication.

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Adomako, Michael Opoku, Sergio Roiloa, and Fei-Hai Yu. "The COVID-19 Restrictions and Biological Invasion: A Global Terrestrial Ecosystem Perspective on Propagule Pressure and Invasion Trajectory." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 14783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214783.

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Biological invasions driven by climate change, transportation, and intercontinental trade, as well as land-use change and tourism, pose severe threats to biodiversity and ecosystem services worldwide. However, the COVID-19-induced shutdowns and cross-border restrictions could have significantly impacted some of these drivers. Thus, COVID-19-induced restrictions may potentially alter the invasion trajectories and propagule pressure of invasive alien species, yet very few studies have examined this possibility. Here, we provide a unique conceptual framework to examine how COVID-19-induced restrictions may influence the rate, magnitude, and trajectories of biological invasions. We also discuss the similarities between the high-hit regions of COVID-19 and the global hotspot of biological invasions. Additionally, we assessed whether previous predictions of biological invasions still hold despite the strong impact of COVID-19 on the drivers of invasions. Finally, we emphasize the possibility of harnessing such restrictive measures to manage invasive species, nature reserves, and national parks. The present study is a significant addition to the current understanding of the interplay between pandemic outbreaks and biological invasions in the context of both direct and indirect effects of global ecosystem change.

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Searle, Jeremy B. "The genetics of mammalian invasions: a review." Wildlife Research 35, no. 3 (2008): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07123.

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This review takes a broad perspective on mammalian invasions and considers genetic aspects of both natural colonisation and conservation-related translocations as a backdrop to the genetics of introductions of wildlife-management concern. Genetics can help characterise invading populations in useful ways and can reveal, with greater or lesser precision, the geographical sources of invasions, their timing and how many individuals were involved. Invading mammals may affect the genetics of natives indirectly or directly, and it is important to be able to document this. There is a need to consider both ‘organism invasion’ and ‘gene invasion’. Genetics often provides an unexpected perspective on invasion biology. Examples illustrating all these points are provided through the article.

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Cui, Miaomiao, Haochen Yu, Xue Fan, Mohsin Nawaz, Junjie Lian, Shihong Liu, Zhaoqi Zhu, Haiyan Zhang, Daolin Du, and Guangqian Ren. "Nitrogen Deposition Amplifies the Legacy Effects of Plant Invasion." Plants 13, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13010072.

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The legacy effects of invasive plant species can hinder the recovery of native communities, especially under nitrogen deposition conditions, where invasive species show growth advantages and trigger secondary invasions in controlled areas. Therefore, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate the effects of nitrogen deposition on the legacy effects of plant invasions and their mechanisms. The hypotheses of this study are as follows: (1) Nitrogen deposition amplifies the legacy effects of plant invasion. This phenomenon was investigated by analysing four potential mechanisms covering community system structure, nitrogen metabolism, geochemical cycles, and microbial mechanisms. The results suggest that microorganisms drive plant–soil feedback processes, even regulating or limiting other factors. (2) The impact of nitrogen deposition on the legacy effects of plant invasions may be intensified primarily through enhanced nitrogen metabolism via microbial anaerobes bacteria. Essential insights into invasion ecology and ecological management have been provided by analysing how nitrogen-fixing bacteria improve nitrogen metabolism and establish sustainable methods for controlling invasive plant species. This in-depth study contributes to our better understanding of the lasting effects of plant invasions on ecosystems and provides valuable guidance for future ecological management.

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Howard, Patricia L. "Human adaptation to invasive species: A conceptual framework based on a case study metasynthesis." Ambio 48, no. 12 (November 24, 2019): 1401–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01297-5.

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AbstractSpecies invasions are a major driver of ecological change, are very difficult to control or reverse, and will increase with climate change and global trade. Invasion sciences consider how species in invaded environments adapt, but neither scientists nor policy makers consider human adaptation to invasive species and how this affects ecosystems and well-being. To address this, a framework conceptualising autochthonous human adaptation to invasions was developed based on the Human Adaptation to Biodiversity Change framework and a case study metasynthesis. Results show that adaptation occurs within different spheres of human activity and organisation at different social-ecological scales; responses have feedbacks within and across these spheres. Adaptation to invasives and other drivers is a set of highly contextual, complex, non-linear responses that make up pathways pursued over time. Most invasive species management and adaptation occurs ‘from below,’ and policies and planned control efforts should support autochthonous adaptation, rather than undermining it.

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Duprey, Joe, Ramón Gallego, Terrie Klinger, and Ryan P. Kelly. "Environmental DNA reveals patterns of biological invasion in an inland sea." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (December 27, 2023): e0281525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281525.

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Non-native species have the potential to cause ecological and economic harm to coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Understanding which habitat types are most vulnerable to biological invasions, where invasions originate, and the vectors by which they arrive can help direct limited resources to prevent or mitigate ecological and socio-economic harm. Information about the occurrence of non-native species can help guide interventions at all stages of invasion, from first introduction, to naturalization and invasion. However, monitoring at relevant scales requires considerable investment of time, resources, and taxonomic expertise. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding methods sample coastal ecosystems at broad spatial and temporal scales to augment established monitoring methods. We use COI mtDNA eDNA sampling to survey a diverse assemblage of species across distinct habitats in the Salish Sea in Washington State, USA, and classify each as non-native, native, or indeterminate in origin. The non-native species detected include both well-documented invaders and species not previously reported within the Salish Sea. We find a non-native assemblage dominated by shellfish and algae with native ranges in the temperate western Pacific, and find more-retentive estuarine habitats to be invaded at far higher levels than better-flushed rocky shores. Furthermore, we find an increase in invasion level with higher water temperatures in spring and summer across habitat types. This analysis contributes to a growing understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors that influence invasion level, and underscores the utility of eDNA surveys to monitor biological invasions and to better understand the factors that drive these invasions.

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Barney, Jacob N., Todd Schenk, David C. Haak, Scott Salom, Bryan Brown, and Erin R. Hotchkiss. "Building Partnerships and Bridging Science and Policy to Address the Biological Invasions Crisis." Invasive Plant Science and Management 12, no. 1 (February 13, 2019): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2018.33.

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AbstractBiological invasions are one of the grand challenges facing society, as exotic species introductions continue to rise and can result in dramatic changes to native ecosystems and economies. The scale of the “biological invasions crisis” spans from hyperlocal to international, involving a myriad of actors focused on mitigating and preventing biological invasions. However, the level of engagement among stakeholders and opportunities to collaboratively solve invasives issues in transdisciplinary ways is poorly understood. The Biological Invasions: Confronting a Crisis workshop engaged a broad group of actors working on various aspects of biological invasions in Virginia, USA—researchers, Extension personnel, educators, local, state, and federal agencies, nongovernmental organizations, and land managers—to discuss their respective roles and how they interact with other groups. Through a series of activities, it became clear that despite shared goals, most groups are not engaging with one another, and that enhanced communication and collaboration among groups is key to designing effective solutions. There is strong support for a multistakeholder coalition to affect change in policy, public education/engagement, and solution design. Confronting the biological invasions crisis will increasingly require engagement among stakeholders.

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Diagne, Christophe, Jane A. Catford, Franz Essl, Martín A. Nuñez, and Franck Courchamp. "What are the economic costs of biological invasions? A complex topic requiring international and interdisciplinary expertise." NeoBiota 63 (November 3, 2020): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.55260.

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Biological invasions can cause substantial economic losses and expenses for management, as well as harm biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. A comprehensive assessment of the economic costs of invasions is a challenging but essential prerequisite for efficient and sustainable management of invasive alien species. Indeed, these costs were shown to be inherently heterogeneous and complex to determine, and substantial knowledge gaps prevent a full understanding of their nature and distribution. Hence, the development of a still-missing global, standard framework for assessing and deciphering invasion costs is essential to identify effective management approaches and optimise legislation. The recent advent of the InvaCost database – the first comprehensive and harmonised compilation of the economic costs associated with biological invasions worldwide – offers unique opportunities to investigate these complex and diverse costs at different scales. Insights provided by such a dataset are likely to be greatest when a diverse range of experience and expertise are combined. For this purpose, an international and multidisciplinary workshop was held from 12th to 15th November 2019 near Paris (France) to launch several project papers based on the data available in InvaCost. Here, we highlight how the innovative research arising from this workshop offers a major step forward in invasion science. We collectively identified five core research opportunities that InvaCost can help to address: (i) decipher how existing costs of invasions are actually distributed in human society; (ii) bridge taxonomic and geographic gaps identified in the costs currently estimated; (iii) harmonise terminology and reporting of costs through a consensual and interdisciplinary framework; (iv) develop innovative methodological approaches to deal with cost estimations and assessments; and (v) provide cost-based information and tools for applied management of invasions. Moreover, we attribute part of the success of the workshop to its consideration of diversity, equity and societal engagement, which increased research efficiency, creativity and productivity. This workshop provides a strong foundation for substantially advancing our knowledge of invasion impacts, fosters the establishment of a dynamic collaborative network on the topic of invasion economics, and highlights new key features for future scientific meetings.

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Ward, Sarah M., John F. Gaskin, and Linda M. Wilson. "Ecological Genetics of Plant Invasion: What Do We Know?" Invasive Plant Science and Management 1, no. 1 (January 2008): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-07-022.1.

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AbstractThe rate at which plant invasions occur is accelerating globally, and a growing amount of recent research uses genetic analysis of invasive plant populations to better understand the histories, processes, and effects of plant invasions. The goal of this review is to provide natural resource managers with an introduction to this research. We discuss examples selected from published studies that examine intraspecific genetic diversity and the role of hybridization in plant invasion. We also consider the conflicting evidence that has emerged from recent research for the evolution of increased competitiveness as an explanation for invasion, and the significance of multiple genetic characteristics and patterns of genetic diversity reported in the literature across different species invasions. High and low levels of genetic diversity have been found in different invading plant populations, suggesting that either selection leading to local adaptation, or pre-adapted characteristics such as phenotypic plasticity, can lead to aggressive range expansion by colonizing nonnative species. As molecular techniques for detecting hybrids advance, it is also becoming clear that hybridization is a significant component of some plant invasions, with consequences that include increased genetic diversity within an invasive species, generation of successful novel genotypes, and genetic swamping of native plant gene pools. Genetic analysis of invasive plant populations has many applications, including predicting population response to biological or chemical control measures based on diversity levels, identifying source populations, tracking introduction routes, and elucidating mechanisms of local spread and adaptation. This information can be invaluable in developing more effectively targeted strategies for managing existing plant invasions and preventing new ones. Future genetic research, including the use of high throughput molecular marker systems and genomic approaches such as microarray analysis, has the potential to contribute to better understanding and more effective management of plant invasions.

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Cuthbert, Ross N., Angela C. Bartlett, Anna J. Turbelin, Phillip J. Haubrock, Christophe Diagne, Zarah Pattison, Franck Courchamp, and Jane A. Catford. "Economic costs of biological invasions in the United Kingdom." NeoBiota 67 (July 29, 2021): 299–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.59743.

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Although the high costs of invasion are frequently cited and are a key motivation for environmental management and policy, synthesised data on invasion costs are scarce. Here, we quantify and examine the monetary costs of biological invasions in the United Kingdom (UK) using a global synthesis of reported invasion costs. Invasive alien species have cost the UK economy between US$6.9 billion and $17.6 billion (£5.4 – £13.7 billion) in reported losses and expenses since 1976. Most costs were reported for the entire UK or Great Britain (97%); country-scale cost reporting for the UK's four constituent countries was scarce. Reports of animal invasions were the costliest ($4.7 billion), then plant ($1.3 billion) and fungal ($206.7 million) invasions. Reported damage costs (i.e. excluding management costs) were higher in terrestrial ($4.8 billion) than aquatic or semi-aquatic environments ($29.8 million), and primarily impacted agriculture ($4.2 billion). Invaders with earlier introduction years accrued significantly higher total invasion costs. Invasion costs have been increasing rapidly since 1976, and have cost the UK economy $157.1 million (£122.1 million) per annum, on average. Published information on specific economic costs included only 42 of 520 invaders reported in the UK and was generally available only for the most intensively studied taxa, with just four species contributing 90% of species-specific costs. Given that many of the invasive species lacking cost data are actively managed and have well-recognised impacts, this suggests that cost information is incomplete and that totals presented here are vast underestimates owing to knowledge gaps. Financial expenditure on managing invasions is a fraction (37%) of the costs incurred through damage from invaders; greater investments in UK invasive species research and management are, therefore, urgently required.

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Duboscq-Carra, Virginia G., Romina D. Fernandez, Phillip J. Haubrock, Romina D. Dimarco, Elena Angulo, Liliana Ballesteros-Mejia, Christophe Diagne, Franck Courchamp, and Martin A. Nuñez. "Economic impact of invasive alien species in Argentina: a first national synthesis." NeoBiota 67 (July 29, 2021): 329–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.63208.

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Invasive alien species (IAS) affect natural ecosystems and services fundamental to human well-being, human health and economies. However, the economic costs associated with IAS have been less studied than other impacts. This information can be particularly important for developing countries such as Argentina, where monetary resources for invasion management are scarce and economic costs are more impactful. The present study provides the first analysis of the economic cost of IAS in Argentina at the national level, using the InvaCost database (expanded with new data sources in Spanish), the first global compilation of the reported economic costs of invasions. We analyzed the temporal development of invasions costs, distinguishing costs according to the method reliability (i.e. reproducibility of the estimation methodology) and describing the economic costs of invasions by invaded environment, cost type, activity sector affected and taxonomic group of IAS. The total economic cost of IAS in Argentina between 1995 and 2019 was estimated at US$ 6,908 million. All costs were incurred and 93% were highly reliable. The recorded costs were mainly related to terrestrial environments and the agricultural sector, with lack of costs in other sectors, making it difficult to discuss the actual distribution of invasion costs in Argentina. Nevertheless, the reported costs of IAS in this country are very high and yet likely much underestimated due to important data gaps and biases in the literature. Considering that Argentina has an underdeveloped economy, costs associated with biological invasions should be taken into consideration for preventing invasions, and to achieve a more effective use of available resources.

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Zuo, Youwei, Huanhuan Qu, Changying Xia, Huan Zhang, Jiahui Zhang, and Hongping Deng. "Moso Bamboo Invasion Reshapes Community Structure of Denitrifying Bacteria in Rhizosphere of Alsophila spinulosa." Microorganisms 10, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010180.

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The uncontrolled invasion of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) dramatically alters soil nitrogen cycling and destroys the natural habitat of Alsophila spinulosa. Nevertheless, no clear evidence points out the role of denitrifying bacteria in the invasion of bamboo into the habitat of A. spinulosa. In the present study, we found that low (importance value 0.0008), moderate (0.6551), and high (0.9326) bamboo invasions dramatically altered the underground root biomass of both P. pubescens and A. spinulosa. The root biomass of A. spinulosa was maximal at moderate invasion, indicating that intermediate disturbance might contribute to the growth and survival of the colonized plant. Successful bamboo invasion significantly increased rhizospheric soil available nitrogen content of A. spinulosa, coupled with elevated denitrifying bacterial abundance and diversity. Shewanella, Chitinophaga, and Achromobacter were the primary genera in the three invasions, whereas high bamboo invasion harbored more denitrifying bacteria and higher abundance than moderate and low invasions. Further correlation analysis found that most soil denitrifying bacteria were positively correlated with soil organic matter and available nitrogen but negatively correlated with pH and water content. In addition, our findings illustrated that two denitrifying bacteria, Chitinophaga and Sorangium, might be essential indicators for evaluating the effects of bamboo invasion on the growth of A. spinulosa. Collectively, this study found that moso bamboo invasion could change the nitrogen cycling of colonized habitats through alterations of denitrifying bacteria and provided valuable perspectives for profound recognizing the invasive impacts and mechanisms of bamboo expansion.

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Sullivan, Lauren L., Bingtuan Li, Tom E. X. Miller, Michael G. Neubert, and Allison K. Shaw. "Density dependence in demography and dispersal generates fluctuating invasion speeds." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 19 (April 25, 2017): 5053–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618744114.

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Density dependence plays an important role in population regulation and is known to generate temporal fluctuations in population density. However, the ways in which density dependence affects spatial population processes, such as species invasions, are less understood. Although classical ecological theory suggests that invasions should advance at a constant speed, empirical work is illuminating the highly variable nature of biological invasions, which often exhibit nonconstant spreading speeds, even in simple, controlled settings. Here, we explore endogenous density dependence as a mechanism for inducing variability in biological invasions with a set of population models that incorporate density dependence in demographic and dispersal parameters. We show that density dependence in demography at low population densities—i.e., an Allee effect—combined with spatiotemporal variability in population density behind the invasion front can produce fluctuations in spreading speed. The density fluctuations behind the front can arise from either overcompensatory population growth or density-dependent dispersal, both of which are common in nature. Our results show that simple rules can generate complex spread dynamics and highlight a source of variability in biological invasions that may aid in ecological forecasting.

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Guo, Qinfeng, Songlin Fei, Kevin M. Potter, Andrew M. Liebhold, and Jun Wen. "Tree diversity regulates forest pest invasion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 15 (March 25, 2019): 7382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821039116.

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Nonnative pests often cause cascading ecological impacts, leading to detrimental socioeconomic consequences; however, how plant diversity may influence insect and disease invasions remains unclear. High species diversity in host communities may promote pest invasions by providing more niches (i.e., facilitation), but it can also diminish invasion success because low host dominance may make it more difficult for pests to establish (i.e., dilution). Most studies to date have focused on small-scale, experimental, or individual pest/disease species, while large-scale empirical studies, especially in natural ecosystems, are extremely rare. Using subcontinental-level data, we examined the role of tree diversity on pest invasion across the conterminous United States and found that the tree-pest diversity relationships are hump-shaped. Pest diversity increases with tree diversity at low tree diversity (because of facilitation or amplification) and is reduced at higher tree diversity (as a result of dilution). Thus, tree diversity likely regulates forest pest invasion through both facilitation and dilution that operate simultaneously, but their relative strengths vary with overall diversity. Our findings suggest the role of native species diversity in regulating nonnative pest invasions.

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Hulme, Philip E., Richard Baker, Robert Freckleton, Rosemary S. Hails, Matt Hartley, John Harwood, Glenn Marion, Graham C. Smith, and Mark Williamson. "The Epidemiological Framework for Biological Invasions (EFBI): an interdisciplinary foundation for the assessment of biosecurity threats." NeoBiota 62 (October 15, 2020): 161–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.62.52463.

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Emerging microparasite (e.g. viruses, bacteria, protozoa and fungi) epidemics and the introduction of non-native pests and weeds are major biosecurity threats worldwide. The likelihood of these threats is often estimated from probabilities of their entry, establishment, spread and ease of prevention. If ecosystems are considered equivalent to hosts, then compartment disease models should provide a useful framework for understanding the processes that underpin non-native species invasions. To enable greater cross-fertilisation between these two disciplines, the Epidemiological Framework for Biological Invasions (EFBI) is developed that classifies ecosystems in relation to their invasion status: Susceptible, Exposed, Infectious and Resistant. These states are linked by transitions relating to transmission, latency and recovery. This viewpoint differs markedly from the species-centric approaches often applied to non-native species. It allows generalisations from epidemiology, such as the force of infection, the basic reproductive ratio R0, super-spreaders, herd immunity, cordon sanitaire and ring vaccination, to be discussed in the novel context of non-native species and helps identify important gaps in the study of biological invasions. The EFBI approach highlights several limitations inherent in current approaches to the study of biological invasions including: (i) the variance in non-native abundance across ecosystems is rarely reported; (ii) field data rarely (if ever) distinguish source from sink ecosystems; (iii) estimates of the susceptibility of ecosystems to invasion seldom account for differences in exposure to non-native species; and (iv) assessments of ecosystem susceptibility often confuse the processes that underpin patterns of spread within -and between- ecosystems. Using the invasion of lakes as a model, the EFBI approach is shown to present a new biosecurity perspective that takes account of ecosystem status and complements demographic models to deliver clearer insights into the dynamics of biological invasions at the landscape scale. It will help to identify whether management of the susceptibility of ecosystems, of the number of vectors, or of the diversity of pathways (for movement between ecosystems) is the best way of limiting or reversing the population growth of a non-native species. The framework can be adapted to incorporate increasing levels of complexity and realism and to provide insights into how to monitor, map and manage biological invasions more effectively.

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Essl, Franz, Stefan Dullinger, Dietmar Moser, Klaus Steinbauer, and Thomas Mang. "Macroecology of global bryophyte invasions at different invasion stages." Ecography 38, no. 5 (September 16, 2014): 488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00905.

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Wang, Yupin, Songlin Fei, Zhiyao Tang, Yuanfeng Sun, Guoping Chen, Xiangping Wang, Shaopeng Wang, and Jingyun Fang. "Alien woody plant invasions in natural forests across China." Journal of Plant Ecology 14, no. 5 (March 31, 2021): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtab029.

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Abstract Aims Alien plant invasion has become a major global environmental issue, causing severe economic and ecological damages. Severe invasions have been reported in some regions of China. However, most studies have been conducted at local and provincial levels, and the overall degree of invasion in natural forests across China remains unclear. Here, we explored the biogeographic patterns and their environmental and socioeconomic controls of the invaded alien woody plants in natural forests across the country. Methods We compiled the data of 3573 natural forest plots across the mainland China and mapped spatial distribution of alien woody plant invasion. We also used logistic regression models to identify the key socioeconomic and environmental factors that were associated with the observed invasion patterns. Important Findings We found that only 271 plots among 3573 natural forest plots were invaded by alien woody plants, accounting for 7.58% of all plots. Among all 2825 woody plant species across all plots surveyed, only 5 alien species (0.177%) were found. Both human activities and climate factors were related to the observed invasion patterns. Since China’s natural forests are mostly located in remote mountainous areas with limited human disturbance, alien woody plant invasions are less than those reported in North America and Europe. However, with the development of transportation and increased economic activities in mountainous areas, more invasions by alien plants may be expected in the future. Therefore, proactive management and policy making are desired to prevent or slow down the invasion processes.

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34

Watt, Helen. "Bodily Invasions." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 11, no. 1 (2011): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq201111171.

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Korinman, Michel. "Nouvelles invasions ?" Outre-Terre N° 52, no. 3 (2017): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/oute1.052.0009.

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Lonsdale, W. M., and M. H. Williamson. "Biological Invasions." Journal of Applied Ecology 34, no. 1 (February 1997): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2404871.

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Bennett, K. D., and M. Williamson. "Biological Invasions." Journal of Ecology 85, no. 3 (June 1997): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960522.

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Crawley, M. J., and M. Williamson. "Biological Invasions." Journal of Animal Ecology 66, no. 5 (September 1997): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/5934.

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39

Cornwall, Warren. "Fiery invasions." Science 377, no. 6606 (August 5, 2022): 568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ade2171.

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40

Osborne, Bruce. "PLANT INVASIONS." Biology and Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 111B, no. 3 (2011): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bae.2011.0016.

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Willis, A. J., J. A. Drake, H. A. Mooney, F. Di Castri, R. H. Groves, F. J. Kruger, M. Rejmanek, and M. Williamson. "Biological Invasions." Journal of Ecology 79, no. 1 (March 1991): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2260798.

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Blower, Brooke L. "Friendly Invasions." History Workshop Journal 81, no. 1 (February 16, 2016): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbw003.

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Osborne, Bruce, and Margherita Gioria. "Plant invasions." Journal of Plant Ecology 11, no. 1 (January 19, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtx070.

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Milius, Susan. "After Invasions." Science News 163, no. 9 (March 1, 2003): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4014312.

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Paynter, Q. E. "Biological invasions." Biological Conservation 82, no. 2 (November 1997): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(97)83214-4.

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Barrett, Spencer C. H. "Waterweed Invasions." Scientific American 261, no. 4 (October 1989): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1089-90.

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DALTON, LOUISA WRAY. "VIRAL INVASIONS." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 82, no. 21 (May 24, 2004): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n021.p045.

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Lee, William G. "Biological invasions." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 12, no. 6 (June 1997): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(97)86964-9.

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Osborne, Bruce. "Plant Invasions." Biology & Environment: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy 111, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.3318/bioe.2011.101.

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Levine, Jonathan M. "Biological invasions." Current Biology 18, no. 2 (January 2008): R57—R60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.030.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Invasions'

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