Academic literature on the topic 'Invasione'
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Journal articles on the topic "Invasione"
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Toso, Mario. "DOTTRINA SOCIALE DELLA CHIESA: GUERRA DI INVASIONE DELLA RUSSIA IN UCRAINA." Społeczeństwo 160, no. 4 (January 17, 2023): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.58324/s.299.
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prolusione con cui l’Autore ripercorre l’insegnamento magisteriale ed evangelico sui temi della violenza, della dottrina della cosiddetta “guerra giusta”, sulla legittima difesa in caso di attacco militare, di diritto all’uso delle armi. Nella conclusione, l’Autore propone alcune riforme dei sistemi di governo nazionali e internazionali al fine di poter creare una società più giusta e di ristrutturare istituzioni antiche, fondandoli sui principi della pace e del bene comune
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Losavio, Clelia. "Le norme sul finanziamento e sul riordino delle Comunitŕ montane al vaglio della Corte costituzionale." AGRICOLTURA ISTITUZIONI MERCATI, no. 1 (June 2011): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/aim2011-001006.
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Con le sentenze n. 237 del 2009 e nn. 27 e 326 del 2010, la Corte costituzionale, pur confermando la competenza esclusiva delle regioni in materia di comunitŕ montane a seguito della riforma del titolo V della Costituzione, riconosce, tuttavia, il potere dello Stato di incidere su tale materia se l'intervento statale rinviene un autonomo titolo di legittimazione nella sua competenza concorrente di coordinamento della finanza pubblica. Le norme dei provvedimenti statali presi ad esame dalla Corte, dunque, sebbene riguardino il riordino e il finanziamento delle comunitŕ montane, non costituiscono di per sé un'indebita invasione dell'area riservata all'autonomia delle regioni, ma la loro legittimitŕ deve essere valutata in base al criterio di riparto delle competenze concorrenti.
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Gianella, Pietro, Tanja Fusi, and Enos Bernasconi. "La trasformazione di una sindrome lombovertebrale in stato confusionale acuto." Praxis 103, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a001519.
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Si tratta di un ragazzo somalo 19enne che viene condotto in pronto soccorso a causa di un'importante lombalgia senza nozione di trauma, ormai persistente da diversi mesi. L'esame clinico all'arrivo mostra una dolenzia diffusa alla percussione della muscolatura paravertebrale sinistra senza coinvolgimento neurologico. Gli esami di laboratorio evidenziano un importante rialzo dei parametri di flogosi (CRP 154 mg/l, procalcitonina 0,05 µg/l), le emoculture permangono negative ed una TAC toraco-lombare risulta senza particolarità (G1). Un approfondimento diagnostico mediante risonanza magnetica evidenzia un ascesso a livello della muscolatura paravertebrale sinistra con invasione dello spazio epidurale (G2). Il quadro clinico evolutivo si complica in seguito alla comparsa di una rigidità nucale, associata ad uno stato confusionale acuto, conseguenze della rottura nello spazio meningeo dell'ascesso (G3). Una rachicentesi permetterà di coltivare uno Staphylococcus aureus meticillino-sensibile quale microorganismo eziologicamente responsabile.
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Terrusi, Alessia. "La famosa invasione degli orsi in Sicilia di Dino Buzzati: una fiaba-romanzo tra testo e immagini d’autore." Italica Wratislaviensia 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/iw.2017.08.10.
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Richardson, David M., and Petr Pyšek. "Plant invasions: merging the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, no. 3 (July 2006): 409–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp490pr.
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This paper considers key issues in plant invasion ecology, where findings published since 1990 have significantly improved our understanding of many aspects of invasions. The review focuses on vascular plants invading natural and semi-natural ecosystems, and on fundamental ecological issues relating to species invasiveness and community invasibility. Three big questions addressed by the SCOPE programme in the 1980s (which species invade; which habitats are invaded; and how can we manage invasions?) still underpin most work in invasion ecology. Some organizing and unifying themes in the field are organism-focused and relate to species invasiveness (the tens rule; the concept of residence time; taxonomic patterns and Darwin’s naturalization hypothesis; issues of phenotypic plasticity and rapid evolutionary change, including evolution of increased competitive ability hypothesis; the role of long-distance dispersal). Others are ecosystem-centred and deal with determinants of the invasibility of communities, habitats and regions (levels of invasion, invasibility and propagule pressure; the biotic resistance hypothesis and the links between diversity and invasibility; synergisms, mutualisms, and invasional meltdown). Some theories have taken an overarching approach to plant invasions by integrating the concepts of species invasiveness and community invasibility (a theory of seed plant invasiveness; fluctuating resources theory of invasibility). Concepts, hypotheses and theories reviewed here can be linked to the naturalization-invasion continuum concept, which relates invasion processes with a sequence of environmental and biotic barriers that an introduced species must negotiate to become casual, naturalized and invasive. New research tools and improved research links between invasion ecology and succession ecology, community ecology, conservation biology and weed science, respectively, have strengthened the conceptual pillars of invasion ecology.
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D'Aprile, P., F. Macina, G. Tripoli, and A. Carella. "Meningiomi intracranici." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 7, no. 6 (December 1994): 875–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140099400700604.
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Scopo del presente studio è stata la verifica dell'apporto diagnostico della Angiografia a Risonanza Magnetica (Angio-RM) nella valutazione pre-operatoria dei meningiomi intracranici. Sono stati esaminati 15 pazienti (portatori di 16 meningiomi), sottoposti ad esame RM di base e ad Angio-RM dei vasi arteriosi e venosi (impiegando sequenze TOF, rispettivamente FISP-3D e FISP-2D), anche dopo somministrazione ev di Gadolinio (Gd-DTPA). L'Angio-RM, nel corso dello studio del comparto venoso, ha permesso una accurata valutazione della invasione dei seni e della dislocazione delle vene corticali. Lo studio dei vasi arteriosi ha permesso di rilevare stenosi del segmento cavernoso della arteria carotide interna (nei meningiomi a sede latero-sellare), effetto massa sui vasi adiacenti, ed, in alcuni casi, le più grosse afferenze arteriose. L'Angio-RM è in grado di fornire un soddisfacente bilancio diagnostico dei meningiomi, con particolare riferimento ai loro rapporti con le strutture vascolari adiacenti, limitando il ricorso a successive valutazioni angiografiche tradizionali a casi selezionati, o nei quali si reputi necessario un trattamento embolico pre-chirurgico.
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Stigall, Alycia L. "The Invasion Hierarchy: Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Invasions in the Fossil Record." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 355–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062638.
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Species invasions are pervasive in Earth history, yet the ecological and evolutionary consequences vary greatly. Ancient invasion events can be organized in a hierarchy of increasing invasion intensity from ephemeral invasions to globally pervasive invasive regimes. Each level exhibits emergent properties exceeding the sum of interactions at lower levels. Hierarchy levels correspond to, but do not always exactly correlate with, geographic extent of invasion success. The ecological impacts of lower-level impacts can be negligible or result in temporary community accommodation. Invasion events at moderate to high levels of the hierarchy permanently alter ecological communities, regional faunas, and global ecosystems. The prevalence of invasive species results in evolutionary changes by fostering niche evolution, differential survival of ecologically generalized taxa, faunal homogenization, and suppressing speciation. These impacts can contribute to mass extinctions and biodiversity crises that alter the trajectory of ecological and evolutionary patterns of life. The fossil record provides a long-term record of how invasion impacts may scale up through time, which can augment ecological studies of modern species invasions.
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Lazzarin, Stefano. "Un livre pour les enfants et pour les adultes : La famosa invasione degli orsi in Sicilia (1945) de Dino Buzzati." Transalpina, no. 14 (September 30, 2011): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/transalpina.2393.
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Oswalt, Christopher M., Songlin Fei, Qinfeng Guo, Basil V. Iannone III, Sonja N. Oswalt, Bryan C. Pijanowski, and Kevin M. Potter. "A subcontinental view of forest plant invasions." NeoBiota 24 (January 16, 2015): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.24.4526.
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Over the last few decades, considerable attention has focused on small-scale studies of invasive plants and invaded systems. Unfortunately, small scale studies rarely provide comprehensive insight into the complexities of biological invasions at macroscales. Systematic and repeated monitoring of biological invasions at broad scales are rare. In this report, we highlight a unique invasive plant database from the national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program of the United States Forest Service. We demonstrate the importance and capability of this subcontinental-wide database by showcasing several critical macroscale invasion patterns that have emerged from its initial analysis: (1) large portion of the forests systems (39%) in the United States are impacted by invasive plants, (2) forests in the eastern United States harbor more invasive species than the western regions, (3) human land-use legacies at regional to national scales may drive large-scale invasion patterns. This accumulated dataset, which continues to grow in temporal richness with repeated measurements, will allow the understanding of invasion patterns and processes at multi-spatial and temporal scales. Such insights are not possible from smaller-scale studies, illustrating the benefit that can be gained by investing in the development of regional to continental-wide invasion monitoring programs elsewhere.
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Cuthbert, Ross N., Angela C. Bartlett, Anna J. Turbelin, Phillip J. Haubrock, Christophe Diagne, Zarah Pattison, Franck Courchamp, and Jane A. Catford. "Economic costs of biological invasions in the United Kingdom." NeoBiota 67 (July 29, 2021): 299–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.67.59743.
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Although the high costs of invasion are frequently cited and are a key motivation for environmental management and policy, synthesised data on invasion costs are scarce. Here, we quantify and examine the monetary costs of biological invasions in the United Kingdom (UK) using a global synthesis of reported invasion costs. Invasive alien species have cost the UK economy between US$6.9 billion and $17.6 billion (£5.4 – £13.7 billion) in reported losses and expenses since 1976. Most costs were reported for the entire UK or Great Britain (97%); country-scale cost reporting for the UK's four constituent countries was scarce. Reports of animal invasions were the costliest ($4.7 billion), then plant ($1.3 billion) and fungal ($206.7 million) invasions. Reported damage costs (i.e. excluding management costs) were higher in terrestrial ($4.8 billion) than aquatic or semi-aquatic environments ($29.8 million), and primarily impacted agriculture ($4.2 billion). Invaders with earlier introduction years accrued significantly higher total invasion costs. Invasion costs have been increasing rapidly since 1976, and have cost the UK economy $157.1 million (£122.1 million) per annum, on average. Published information on specific economic costs included only 42 of 520 invaders reported in the UK and was generally available only for the most intensively studied taxa, with just four species contributing 90% of species-specific costs. Given that many of the invasive species lacking cost data are actively managed and have well-recognised impacts, this suggests that cost information is incomplete and that totals presented here are vast underestimates owing to knowledge gaps. Financial expenditure on managing invasions is a fraction (37%) of the costs incurred through damage from invaders; greater investments in UK invasive species research and management are, therefore, urgently required.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Invasione"
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Pizzo, Leonardo <1977>. "Analisi dei processi di invasione di piante esotiche nei paesaggi costieri sabbiosi del Veneto." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1204.
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Questo studio analizza gli effetti del disturbo (principalmente antropico, ma anche naturale) sul processo di invasione da specie aliene nei sistemi di dune costiere della regione Veneto. La ricerca è stata articolata su due livelli, uno focalizzato sui tratti morfologici e funzionali delle specie vegetali (native ed aliene) delle dune costiere, l’altro al livello di comunità vegetale. I risultati evidenziano che altezza, superficie fogliare e SLA grandi sono tratti che favoriscono la colonizzazione delle dune mobili costiere da parte delle specie più invasive. L’impatto antropico ha profondamente contribuito al degrado della qualità e funzionalità degli ecosistemi costieri, riducendo la resistenza che le comunità vegetali native sono in grado di opporre all’ingresso delle specie aliene invasive in condizioni di minor disturbo.This study analyses the effects of disturbance (mainly human, but also natural) on the process of invasion by alien species in the coastal dune systems of Veneto region. The research has been articulated into two levels, one focusing on morphological and functional traits of coastal dune wild species (natives and aliens) and the other on the plant community level. The results highlight that height, large leaf area and SLA are useful traits for the successful colonisation of the most invasive species along the mobile coastal dunes. Human impact has deeply contributed to the decay of the quality and functionality of coastal ecosystems, reducing the resistance native plant communities are able to oppose the arrival of invasive alien species under less disturbed conditions.
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Falvo, Laura. "Analisi dei fattori prognostici nei carcinomi papilliferi della tiroide: ruolo del sottotipo istologico e della istologica invasione vascolare." Doctoral thesis, La Sapienza, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/917181.
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GASPARINI, GIULIA. "Cancer-Glia interaction in perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer: identification of FGF-BP1 as a molecular target." Doctoral thesis, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/122891.
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Introduction Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the presence of cancer cells along nerves. PNI has its highest incidence in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), where it is present in 80-100% of patients and is a negative factor associated with increased cancer recurrence and diminished survival. During PNI, nerves and cancer form a unique microenvironment that promotes both cancer growth and neural remodeling. Several molecules have been described to promote PNI, like neurotrophins and chemokines. Schwann Cells (SCs), the main glial cells of the peripheral nervous system, infiltrate PDAC at the early stages of disease and provide a guide to cancer cells along nerves as well as promoting neurogenesis around tumor. Despite the clear contribution of SCs to PNI, the interactions between myelinated nerves, SCs and PDAC have been poorly investigated.
Objectives Study the reciprocal interactions between PDAC and nervous cells and develop a new score to better stratify and analyze the severity of PNI in patients.
Materials and methods: We analyzed how myelinated nerves and cancer cells interact and identified the molecules governing this interaction. We used SCs-neuronal cocultures and 2D cancer cells to recreate in vitro PNI. In addition, to evaluate more physiologically these interactions, we developed pancreatic organoids.
Results: Our results showed that neoplastic cells can induce profound alterations in myelinated cocultures, both by direct and paracrine contact. By secretome analyses, we selected potential candidates able to induce myelin degeneration and focused on FGF-BP1, a molecule involved both in cancer progression and nerve degeneration. By treating with recombinant FGF-BP1 and inhibiting its signaling, we suggested that FGF-BP1 mediates myelin degeneration induced by cancer cells.
Moreover, we showed that myelin degeneration promotes cancer cells growth, proliferation, migration and invasion. To reproduce these results in a more physiological setting, we developed pancreatic organoids, spheroids and organoids-nerve cocultures. We also established an in vivo model of PNI by orthotopically transplanting cancer spheroids that we are currently validating. Finally, we applied the newly developed PNI score to a population of 507 patients who underwent surgical resection for PDAC at San Raffaele Hospital.
Conclusions: We have rigorously analyzed the interactions between PDAC and nerve and identified a candidate that could become a new therapeutic target for PDAC patients. In addition, we have detailed the role of PNI specifically in PDAC, prompting a greater attention for PNI in clinical settings.Introduzione L'invasione perineurale (PNI) è definita come la presenza di cellule cancerose lungo i nervi. La PNI ha la sua più alta incidenza nell'adenocarcinoma duttale pancreatico (PDAC), dove è presente nell'80-100% dei pazienti ed è un fattore negativo associato ad un aumento della recidiva del cancro e ad una ridotta sopravvivenza. Durante la PNI, i nervi e il cancro formano un microambiente unico che promuove sia la crescita del cancro che il rimodellamento neurale. Diverse molecole sono state descritte per promuovere la PNI, come le neurotrofine e le chemochine. Le cellule di Schwann (SC), le principali cellule gliali del sistema nervoso periferico, si infiltrano nel PDAC nelle prime fasi della malattia e forniscono una guida alle cellule tumorali lungo i nervi, oltre a promuovere la neurogenesi intorno al tumore. Nonostante il chiaro contributo delle SC alla PNI, le interazioni tra nervi mielinizzati, SC e PDAC sono state poco studiate. Obiettivi Studiare le interazioni reciproche tra PDAC e cellule nervose e sviluppare un nuovo punteggio per stratificare e analizzare meglio la gravità della PNI nei pazienti. Materiali e metodi: Abbiamo analizzato come interagiscono i nervi mielinizzati e le cellule cancerose e identificato le molecole che governano questa interazione. Abbiamo utilizzato coculture neuronali-SC e cellule tumorali 2D per ricreare la PNI in vitro. Inoltre, per valutare più fisiologicamente queste interazioni, abbiamo sviluppato organoidi pancreatici. Risultati: I nostri risultati hanno mostrato che le cellule neoplastiche possono indurre profonde alterazioni nelle cocolture mielinizzate, sia per contatto diretto che paracrino. Mediante analisi del secretoma, abbiamo selezionato potenziali candidati in grado di indurre la degenerazione della mielina e ci siamo concentrati su FGF-BP1, una molecola coinvolta sia nella progressione del cancro che nella degenerazione dei nervi. Mediante trattamento con FGF-BP1 ricombinante e inibizione del suo segnale, abbiamo proposto che FGF-BP1 possa mediare la degenerazione della mielina indotta dalle cellule tumorali. Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato che la degenerazione della mielina promuove la crescita, la proliferazione, la migrazione e l'invasione delle cellule tumorali. Per riprodurre questi risultati in un modo più fisiologico, abbiamo sviluppato organoidi e sferoidi pancreatici e coculture di organoidi-nervi. Abbiamo anche stabilito un modello in vivo di PNI trapiantando ortotopicamente sferoidi di tumore che stiamo attualmente convalidando. Infine, abbiamo applicato il nuovo punteggio di PNI ad una popolazione di 507 pazienti sottoposti a resezione chirurgica per PDAC presso l'Ospedale San Raffaele. Conclusioni: abbiamo analizzato rigorosamente le interazioni tra PDAC e nervo e identificato un candidato che potrebbe diventare un nuovo obiettivo terapeutico per i pazienti con PDAC. Inoltre, abbiamo dettagliato il ruolo della PNI specificamente nel PDAC, sollecitando una maggiore attenzione per la PNI in ambito clinico.
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David, Noemi. "Slow waves in un modello di crescita tumorale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12024/.
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In questo elaborato ho analizzato un sistema di reazione-diffusione proposto come modello per descrivere un fenomeno di crescita tumorale. In particolare, è stato approfondito il processo in cui l'invasione neoplastica è originata dalla produzione di un eccesso di ioni acidi da parte delle cellule maligne. Il sistema preso in esame descrive l'andamento di tre grandezze: la concentrazione di tessuto sano, la concentrazione di tessuto maligno e l'eccesso di ioni acidi. Ho quindi cercato soluzioni compatibili con il sistema le quali fossero funzioni della tipologia travelling waves, ossia onde che si propagano lungo l'asse reale con un grafico fissato e ad una velocità costante.
I risultati ottenuti in questo lavoro sono stati così suddivisi: nel Capitolo 1 viene descritto il processo di invasione tumorale dal punto di vista biologico, nel Capitolo 2 vengono forniti alcuni lemmi e proposizioni preliminari, nel Capitolo 3 viene calcolata un'approssimazione della soluzione del sistema tramite onde del tipo slow waves e infine nel Capitolo 4 sono state studiate la presenza e la larghezza dello spazio interstiziale, ossia di una regione situata tra il tessuto sano e quello neoplastico nella quale si registra una concentrazione di cellule, sia normali sia maligne, praticamente nulla. Infine, sono state rappresentate graficamente le soluzioni in tre possibili situazioni caratterizzate da un diverso parametro di aggressività del tumore.
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Masi, Alessia. "Targeting integrins and modulating invasion and metastasis with metal-based drugs." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3615.
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2008/2009Distant metastases of solid tumours are the major cause of cancer death. To improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy, only marginally active on secondary tumours, anti-metastatic agents are needed, i.e. compounds that display the capacity to selectively interfere with metastatic formation and growth. Among metal compounds, NAMI-A, HIm[Ru(III)Cl4Imdmso], has repeatedly shown a peculiar and selective anti-metastatic activity being able to prevent the formation, and to inhibit the growth of established secondary tumours. On these bases, the first phase of the project was aimed to investigate how variations on the NAMI-A chemical structure can influence the anti-metastatic activity. For this purpose, some representative complexes have been chosen: two heterocyclic compounds KP418, HIm[Ru(III)Cl4(Im)2], and KP1019, HInd[Ru(III)Cl4(Ind)2], presenting a different N-donor ligand, and three organometallic compounds, RM175, [(η6-biphenyl)Ru(II)Cl-(ethylendiamine)]PF6, its osmium congener AFAP51, [(η6-biphenyl)Os(II)Cl(ethylene-diamine)]BF4, and RAPTA-T, [RuCl2(η6-toluene)PTA], carrying a PTA ligand instead of ethylendiamine. The effects of the compounds on the interference with some steps of the metastatic progression are evaluated with appropriate in vitro tests, comparing the behaviour of the human MDA-MB-231 highly invasive breast cancer cells to that of human HBL-100 non tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells. To validate the model, the in vitro effects are compared with the in vivo anti-metastatic activity studied in the MCa mammary carcinoma of the CBA mouse. The results obtained highlight the selective activity of the organometallic compound RAPTA-T towards the highly invasive cell line in vitro, accompanied by a selective inhibition of metastasis development in vivo. RAPTA-T seems to act through the modulation of tumour cells-extracellular matrix interactions, and of cell motility. In particular RAPTA-T induces a cytoskeleton remodelling, mainly through the formation of stress fibres, that causes a stiffening of the cell body, particularly evident on MDA-MB-231 cells grown on ECM components. These effects, selectively identified in the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells, can be related to the higher ruthenium uptake, detected in this cell line. Cell adhesion, migration and invasion are directly related to actin assembly and disassembly, phenomena regulated by the RhoGTPases. RAPTA-T completely counteracts the increase of trypsin mediated cell detachment induced by the RhoGTPases inhibitor C3 transferase, in MDA-MB-231 cells grown on fibronectin and collagen IV, and on HBL-100 cells grown on collagen IV. These molecular events might stem from the cell surface and involve integrin adhesion molecules, as suggested by the role of ECM components in the functional tests and by the preference of RAPTA-T to bind them, above all, collagen IV, with which RAPTA-T interacts chemically as confirmed by an NMR analysis. The effect of RAPTA-T on cells immediately after the adhesion on the substrate, i.e. mainly adherent with integrinic receptors, suggests that RAPTA-T interacts mainly with integrins in the form already bound with the substrate. Le metastasi dei tumori solidi sono una delle principali cause di morte. Per migliorare l’effetto della chemioterapia, che è attiva solo marginalmente sui tumori secondari, sono necessari agenti anti-metastatici, cioè composti che si mostrino capaci di interferire selettivamente con la formazione e la crescita delle metastasi. Tra i vari composti di sintesi il NAMI-A, HIm[Ru(III)Cl4Imdmso], ha ripetutamente mostrato una selettiva azione anti-metastatica dimostrandosi capace di prevenire la formazione e di inibire la crescita di metastasi già formate. Su queste basi, la prima fase di questo progetto ha avuto lo scopo di indagare come variazioni nella struttura chimica del NAMI-A potessono influenzare l’azione anti-metastatica. A questo scopo sono stati scelti alcuni composti rappresentativi: due composti eterociclici il KP418, HIm[Ru(III)Cl4(Im)2], e il KP1019, HInd[Ru(III)Cl4(Ind)2], e tre composti organometallici, RM175, [(η6-biphenyl)Ru(II)Cl-(ethylendiamine)]PF6, il suo congenere a base di osmio AFAP51, [(η6-biphenyl)Os(II)Cl(ethylene-diamine)]BF4, e RAPTA-T, [RuCl2(η6-toluene)PTA], che al posto dell’etilendiamina presenta il ligando PTA. Gli effetti dei composti sull’interferenza con alcuni step della progressione metastatica sono stati valutati con alcuni test in vitro, paragonando il comportamento della linea cellulare altamente invasiva MDA-MB-231 proveniente da carcinoma mammario, con quello delle HBL-100 linea cellulare dell’epitelio mammario non tumorigenica. Per validare il modello proposto in vitro gli effetti dei composti sono stati paragonati con la loro azione in vivo studiata sul carcinoma mammario (MCa) dei topi CBA. I risultati ottenuti mettono in luce la selettiva azione del composto organometallico RAPTA-T verso la linea cellulare altamente invasiva in vitro, accompagnata dalla inibizione selettiva dello sviluppo delle metastasi in vivo. Il RAPTA-T sembra agire attraverso la modulazione delle interazioni cellula-matrice extracellulare e della motilità cellulare. In particolare il RAPTA-T induce il rimodellamento del citoscheletro, principalmente attraverso la formazione di fibre da stress, questo genera irrigidimento del corpo cellulare, particolarmente evidente sulle MDA-MB-231 cresciute sui componenti della matrice extracellulare. Questi effetti, selettivamente identificati sulla linea altamente invasiva, MDA-MB-231, possono essere correlati ad un più alto assorbimento di rutenio che è stato rilevato in questa linea cellulare. L’adesione cellulare, la migrazione e l’invasione sono direttamente correlate al rimodellamento del citoscheletro actinico, e questi fenomeni sono regolati dalle RhoGTPasi. Il RAPTA-T reverte completamente l’aumentato distacco conseguente al trattamento con la C3 transferasi, agente che inibisce le RhoGTPasi, nelle MDA-MB-231 cresciute su fibronectina e collagene IV e sulle HBL-100 cresciute sul collagene IV. Questi eventi potrebbero coninvolgere l’adesione integrinica ai substrati, come suggerito dal ruolo dei componenti della matrice extracellulare nei test funzionali presi in considerazione, dalla preferenza del RAPTA-T per il legame con questi, e soprattutto il collagene IV con cui il RAPTA-T interagisce chimicamente, come confermato dall’analisi NMR. L’effetto del RAPTA-T su cellule appena dopo l’adesione al substrato, quindi prevalentemente legate attraverso i recettori integrinici, suggerisce che il RAPTA-T interagisca principalmente con le integrine nella forma già legata i substrati.
XXII Ciclo
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White, Laura Linsey Fallaize. "Mechanisms underlying marine macroalgal invasions : understanding invasion success of Sargassum muticum." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23713.
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This thesis examines different aspects of invasion success of the brown macroalga Sargassum muticum. Chapter two investigates the relationship between native diversity and invasibility by S. muticum in experimental and unmanipulated communities of low intertidal macroalgae. I found that diversity effects on invasion varied from positive to negative with life history stage of the invader. Native diversity facilitated recruitment of S. muticum, but decreased growth and or survivorship. Phenological differences between S. muticum and native macroalgal species may contribute to the success of this invader in British Columbia.
Chapter three explores the effects of S. muticum on native macroalgal diversity at different densities by manipulating exotic density in natural communities. I found that the effects of S. muticum on native macroalgal richness were both density and time dependent, and are mediated through competition for light. The reciprocal interaction between S. muticum and native macroalgal diversity has shown effects in both directions, and suggest some degree of symmetry in the interaction between non-native S. muticum and native macroalgae.
Chapter four examines whether non-native S. muticum is less grazed than native macroalgae in British Columbia, and whether the concentrations of defensive polyphenolic compounds in the tissue of the exotic differ from native conspecifics. In contrast to the predictions of the Enemy-Release Hypothesis, I showed that when presented a choice, native herbivores do not discriminate between native and non-native macroalgae. The levels of polyphenolic defenses in the exotic were similar to some native macroalgae, suggesting differences in polyphenolic concentrations are not influencing herbivore choice. Reduced grazing of non-native S. muticum by native herbivores is not contributing to the success of this invasive in British Columbia.
Chapter five tests two predictions of the Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability hypothesis; whether S. muticum in non-native regions attains greater sizes and lower chemical defenses than conspecifics in the native region. We compared the size (as a measure of performance) and levels of polyphenolic defenses of S. muticum from its native and invaded regions. My preliminary results suggest that in non-native regions, S. muticum attains larger sizes with lower levels of defensive polyphenolic compounds than native regions.
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Shucksmith, Richard. "Biological invasions : the role of biodiversity in determining community susceptibility to invasion." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485655.
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Invasion by non-native species has the potential to change native biodiversity, community structure, food webs and interactions between species.. Small scale manipUlative experiments :using sessile organisms have shown that increasing biodiversity reduces community susceptibility to invasion by non-native species. However, large scale observational studies have shown that some ofthe most diverse systems are the most invaded. The search fora generalised mechanism that may make a resident community resistant to invasion by a non-native species has proven difficUlt and has provided contrasting resUlts. Small scale experiments have been criticised for their dinllnptive spatial scale and -rdatively homogeneous environmental conditions. _ The contrasting results between the experimental and observational studies may be due to the heterogeneous nature ofmost environments which iilllY promote invasion as well as coexistence. In this thesis I study the relationship between invasion and competition in heterogeneous en'ir0nments using the North-East Asian amphipod Caprella mutica. Caprellids have been shown to live on marine sessile species such as, algae, hydroids, tunicates, mussels, bryozoans and sponges which attach to a hard substratum and form '. . erect structures that project into the wat~r column. Species-rich epifaunal comm.unities . can create a structurally diverse habitat. In choice experiments using different structural patches and structure types in the laboratory, there was no effect ofthe number of different types ofstructures in a patch on the number of C. mutica attached to a patch, but structure type was critically important. Caprella mutica preferred the filament.ous structures long t¢and short turf .over mussel mimics. In field experiments, densities were 7 times greater than the laboratory experiments.. There were twice as many caprellids on the structurally heterogeneous patches than on the structurally homogeneous patches. However, invasion patterns in the field did follow the same structure type as the laboratory experiments. Intraspecific competition appeared to be stronger on the homogeneous patches, whereas there were more refuges and microhabitats on the heterogeneous patches and this may have reduced the aggressive interactions between conspecifics. Artificial and live habitats were placed together in laboratory experiments and there was .t'. no difference in the number of caprellids attached to the artificial and live habitats. Lack ofdifferences between live biota and the artificial mimics showed that C. mutica habitat choice is most likely due to the physical characteristics ofthe habitat. Furthermore, choice oftype ofstructure did not differ betWeen the artificial and live patches. I In competition experiments between C. mutica and two native cap~ellids Caprella linearis and Pseudoprotella.phasma, C. mutica successfully displaced both species from homogeneous artificial habitat patches after 24 hours. Patches that had a refuge attached reduced the number of C. linearis being displaced but only when C. mutica was at a low density. Further experiments, using 3 different levels of structural heterogeneity with C. linearis .and C. mutica, showed that the two species could occupy the structurally heterogeneous patches at similar densities after the 24 hour experimenta~ period. On structurally homogeneous patches C. mutica significantly displaced C. linearis. Aggressive interactions were likely to have been more intense on the homogeneous than structurally heterogeneous patches and this study suggests that C. mutica displaces C. linearis through agonistic interactions. The same processes that reduced intraspecific competition in the first set ofexperiments also promoted coexistence between the two ecologically similar species. Consequently, structurally diverse habitats have the potential to promote invasion while at the same time reducing the impact of an invader on native species. Kelp communities consisting ofLaminaria hyperborea and Saccharina latissima in close proximity to known populations of C. mutica were surveyed and showed that C. mutica did disperse to the kelp communities but was not found on any ofthe kelp plants in the upper zone of the kelp bed. This study was limited to only sampling kelp plants to a depth of 1 to 2 m on spring tides and it is possible that C. mutica may inhabit kelp ' . plants that are deeper. However, laborat~ experiments showed Carcinus maenas predated on C. mutica and may provide biotic resistance to benthic emjronments from 'the invasion by C. mutica. Even at small spatial scales where environmental conditions were similar for both the laboratory and field experiments, the probability of invasion cannot be predicted ' reliably from aggregate community 'measures such as species richness (analogous to the number ofdifferent types ofstructures). Individual characteristics ofthe invading ,' species and positive'associations with structure types, even at small spatial scales, may increase the probability ofinvasion regardless of species richness. Thus, invasion by C. mutica is likely if an appropriate structure type is prese.nt and the success ofinvasion increases with an increasing richness of structure-forming epibiota. For native fauna, which have a similar ecological requirement to the invader, structural heterogeneity appears to reduce the impact ofthe invading species. Habitat heterogeneity may be essential for co-existence between a superior and inferior competitor, as structurally complex habitats offer a variety of different microhabitats and niches. The invasibility of a community, therefore, depends on the diversity and composition of the community being invaded, and the invasive potential of a species depends not only on the community properties, but also on the characteristics of the invader.
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Miller, Nathaniel P. "Invasions of Secondary Forest by a Nonnative Grass Species: Microstegium vimineum {Nees}(Poaceae)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1307047314.
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Medvecz, Erin. "Resisting Invasion: Grassland Plant Responses to an Invasive Legume, Lespedeza cuneata." OpenSIUC, 2017. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2123.
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Invasive species, including Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don, threaten the success of grassland restoration through their ability to alter species composition following invasion. Combining the filter framework model of community assembly with the passenger-driver model of non-native species behavior can clarify the broader impacts of invasive species in the communities they invade. Testing this combined theory by exploring the mechanisms by which an invasive functions (above- and belowground) and the response of native plants from different functional groups to these mechanisms can reveal if an invasive functions as a driver and a filter. Observational field surveys were conducted across fifteen L. cuneata-invaded grasslands to compare species composition of plots in which L. cuneata was either present or absent. In a greenhouse experiment, the response of natives in three functional groups—grasses, forbs, and legumes—to aboveground (competition), belowground (soil conditioning), and both above- and belowground interactions with L. cuneata were investigated. Response variables (height, leaf number, root length, biomass, specific leaf area, leaf chlorophyll, and soil pH and conductivity) were measured. Regional analysis of the field surveys did not identify distinct species compositional differences in invaded and uninvaded areas, while within-site analyses revealed differences in half of the sites, suggesting that site specific characteristics could be impacting whether L. cuneata presence corresponds with a fundamental shift in species composition. Regionally, grass and legume abundance was higher in plots not containing L. cuneata than in plots where it was present. The greenhouse experiment illustrated stronger aboveground competitive effects than belowground soil effects, with impacts differing among functional groups. Under pressure of competition with L. cuneata, grasses experienced increases in certain measured traits (height, root length and specific leaf area), while when grown in conditioned soil, grasses produced greater biomass. Additionally, the growth of L. cuneata differed when grown in competition with forbs, grasses, and legumes. Competition with legumes resulted in the most suppressed growth of L. cuneata individuals among the three functional groups. Considering the field survey and greenhouse experiments in conjunction suggests that grasses can benefit from interactions with L. cuneata and have the potential to outcompete and exclude it, while legumes are detrimental to the growth of L. cuneata and compete for niche space, resulting in L. cuneata establishment in legume-poor areas. The forb functional group did not have a significant relationship to L. cuneata presence in either the field surveys or the greenhouse experiment. Lesepedeza cuneata acts as a driver, altering the abiotic and biotic filters to impact species composition, while it does not act as a filter, with native grasses and legumes acting to filter the L. cuneata.
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Nati, Julie Jeanne Helene. "Invasion physiology : do physiological characteristics facilitate the spread of invasive fish species?" Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8104/.
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A considerable number of abiotic (e.g. temperature) and biotic factors (e.g. intra-interspecific interactions) contribute in shaping species’ distribution and invasiveness but knowledge is still lacking regarding the importance of physiological and behavioural traits in determining the distributions of ectotherms and especially the invasion success of non-native species into novel habitats. With rising temperatures, distribution shifts in many of fish species have been observed. Additionally, changing thermal conditions are facilitating the colonisation of invasive species. It is crucial that we gain an increased understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of environmental change on the distribution of aquatic species and the ecological damage caused by invasive species. Physiological traits are likely to present a fundamental constraint on the environments that are habitable to a given species. Whole animal traits associated with energy metabolism and locomotory performance are especially likely to be important in this regard. Nevertheless, the effects of traits such as metabolic rate and aerobic scope (AS) on the distributions of native and invasive species have not been thoroughly studied. In a first step toward understanding these effects, I performed a phylogenetically-informed analysis of links between AS and absolute latitudinal distribution range in 86 fish species. From the results obtained in Chapter 2, I found no evidence for the direct implication of AS in the currently observed distributions of fishes. Moreover, no association between AS and invasion success in 59 freshwater fish species (23 invasive and 36 native species) was found. These results suggested that peak AS is not a constraining or determining factor in the distribution range and invasion success in fish. Following on from these results, there is a possibility that there could be a trade-off between peak and breadth of performance for AS across temperatures in fishes. Species with a higher peak AS might only be able to function normally over a narrow range of temperatures. In Chapter 3, I collected AS data from literature and conducted phylogenetical-informed analysis to test the trade-off theory in AS across 28 fish species. No evidence could be found for a trade-off between peak and breadth performance in AS for fish. Interspecific competition between invasive and native fish species might cause changes in the structure of native fish communities. Furthermore, these interactions can vary over competitive context (e.g. for prey or cover), differ over a range of environmental factors (e.g. in response to temperature variation) and be linked directly or indirectly to species’ metabolic capacity (e.g. aerobic scope). With increasing temperatures, invasive species might gain a competitive advantage over the native species though shifts or changes in competitive behaviour and traits such as AS. After having investigated broad patterns among AS and geographical distributions in fishes, the remainder of my thesis focused on trade-offs in energy allocation and tolerance to environmental stressors in a pair of species to determine the role of aerobic capacity as a factor in competition between these two species. Specifically, I examined interactions between native stone loaches (Barbatula barbatula) and invasive bullheads (Cottus gobio), two species which occupy the same ecological niche and that are believed to compete for similar habitats. Physiological and behavioural traits could play an essential role in the spread of invasive species, particularly the internal underlying mechanisms that modulate an organism’s response to environmental changes. In Chapter 4, I examined physiological and behavioural responses of invasive bullheads and native stone loaches to acute and acclimated temperature shifts (13-21°). I found that invasive bullheads had a lower AS than stone loaches over all temperatures tested. Bullheads were also less active overall and preferred colder temperatures (17.5-19°C) than stone loaches (21-22.4°C). Therefore, changes in AS in response to thermal variation are unlikely to be a contributing factor in invasion success of bullheads in Scottish rivers. In Chapter 5, I investigated the direct competitive interactions between bullheads and stone loaches at three different temperatures (13°C, 17°C and 21°C). Overall, native stone loaches were better competitors for shelter use and in particular at colder temperatures. There was no clear causal effect of temperature or AS on competitive outcomes between these two species. Low competitive ability found in invasive bullheads suggests that bullheads may not be actively displacing stone loaches. It has been suggested that a successful invader should have a wide tolerance range for different environmental factors. For example, invasive species might be more tolerant to hypoxic events as compared to native species. In Chapter 6, I looked at the hypoxia tolerance and avoidance behaviour of bullheads and stone loaches over different dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 30%, 25% and 20% DO levels). Surprisingly, I found that bullheads were less tolerant to hypoxic conditions with a Pcrit value of 4.96 mg O2 l-1 at 14°C. Avoidance behaviour towards progressive hypoxia was similar between bullheads and stone loaches; both species spent most of their time utilising the shelter even in hypoxic conditions. Low tolerance towards hypoxia did not give an advantage to invasive bullheads over native stone loaches in particular during harsh environmental conditions. The results from this thesis suggest that metabolic traits may not play as strong a role in constraining species distributions as previously suspected, particularly in the specific case of interactions between native stone loaches and invasive bullheads in Scotland. Instead, other physiological factors, life history traits, and population demographics may play a primary role in affecting invasion success in this case.
Books on the topic "Invasione"
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Moresco, Antonio. L' invasione. Milano: Rizzoli, 2002.
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L' invasione. Milano: Rizzoli, 2002.
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Dell'Oro, Erminia. L' invasione dei palloncini. Trieste: Emme edizioni, 1998.
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Invasione: Giudaismo e società multirazziale. Genova: Effepi, 2011.
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Buzzati, Dino. La famosa invasione degli orsi in Sicilia. Milano: Mondadori, 2000.
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Giuseppe, Sorgi, ed. Invasione o migrazione?: I Longobardi in Italia. Torino: N. Aragno, 2006.
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Sacco, Giuseppe. L' invasione scalza: Movimenti migratori e sicurezza nazionale. Milano: F.Angeli, 1996.
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Luciano, Pallagrosi, Giovannini Tullio, Aschelter Alessandro, and FILIS-CGIL (Trade union : Italy), eds. L' invasione degli spots: Pubblicità : governo o anarchia? Bari: Dedalo, 1986.
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L' invasione del 1917-1918: Gli austroungheresi nell'Opitergino-Mottense. Vicenza: Terra ferma, 2007.
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Toselli, Paolo. La famosa invasione delle vipere volanti e altre leggende metropolitane dell'Italia d'oggi. Milano: Sonzogno, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Invasione"
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Bolch, Erik A., Maria J. Santos, Christiana Ade, Shruti Khanna, Nicholas T. Basinger, Martin O. Reader, and Erin L. Hestir. "Remote Detection of Invasive Alien Species." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 267–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_12.
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AbstractThe spread of invasive alien species (IAS) is recognized as the most severe threat to biodiversity outside of climate change and anthropogenic habitat destruction. IAS negatively impact ecosystems, local economies, and residents. They are especially problematic because once established, they give rise to positive feedbacks, increasing the likelihood of further invasions and spread. The integration of remote sensing (RS) to the study of invasion, in addition to contributing to our understanding of invasion processes and impacts to biodiversity, has enabled managers to monitor invasions and predict the spread of IAS, thus supporting biodiversity conservation and management action. This chapter focuses on RS capabilities to detect and monitor invasive plant species across terrestrial, riparian, aquatic, and human-modified ecosystems. All of these environments have unique species assemblages and their own optimal methodology for effective detection and mapping, which we discuss in detail.
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Meyer, Susan E., Mac A. Callaham, Jane E. Stewart, and Steven D. Warren. "Invasive Species Response to Natural and Anthropogenic Disturbance." In Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States, 85–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_5.
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AbstractMuch of the literature dealing with the biology and management of invasive species has focused on the damaging ecological and economic consequences of invasions (see Chaps. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_2, 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_3, and 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_14 of this volume for review). In this chapter, we shift the focus to the causes of invasion, with the goal of proactively limiting or preventing invasions rather than reacting to them once they have occurred. Preventing the introduction of invasive species is one key element in this proactive approach (Chap. 10.1007/978-3-030-45367-1_6, this volume). Here, we specifically focus on ecosystem attributes that affect whether or not an ecosystem is vulnerable to invasion, that is, the features that affect its invasibility (Lonsdale 1999), with particular emphasis on the role of natural and anthropogenic disturbance.
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Cavieres, Lohengrin A. "The role of plant-plant facilitation in non-native plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 138–52. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0138.
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Abstract Biological invasions are one the most important drivers of the current environmental changes generating important biodiversity losses. Although several hypotheses have been proposed to understand the mechanisms underpinning biological invasions, most of them relate to negative interactions among native and invasive species, where the capacity for many invasive species to reduce diversity is often attributed to a greater competitiveness. However, neighbouring species can also show facilitative interactions, where the presence of one species can facilitate another directly by improving environmental conditions or indirectly through negative effects on a third party species. This chapter reviews the scientific literature on plant invasion, seeking examples of where facilitative interactions either among native and non-native plant species or among non-native species were demonstrated. There are several examples of native species that directly facilitate a non-native species, while examples of native species having a negative effect either on a native or a non-native species that compete with a target non-native, generating a net indirect facilitative effect of the native on the target non-native, are less numerous. Direct facilitation among non-native species has been reported as part of the 'invasional meltdown' phenomenon (Chapter 8, this volume). There are cases where non-native species can have a negative effect on a native species that competes with a target non-native, generating a net indirect facilitative effect among the non-natives. Finally, a non-native species can have a direct facilitative effect on native species, which might have important implications in restoration.
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Allen, Warwick J. "Indirect biotic interactions of plant invasions with native plants and animals." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 308–23. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0308.
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Abstract Invasive plants often occur at high densities and tend to be highly generalist in their interactions with herbivores, pathogens, mycorrhiza, endophytes and pollinators. These characteristics mean that invasive plants should frequently participate in diverse indirect biotic interactions with the surrounding community, mediated by their direct interaction partners (e.g. antagonists and mutualists). Indirect interactions play an important role in many ecological processes, yet we still lack a systematic understanding of the circumstances under which they influence the success and impacts of invasive species. In this chapter, I first describe several of the indirect interaction pathways that are commonly encountered in invasion biology and review their contribution to the impacts of plant invasions on co-occurring species. The literature review revealed that there are now many case studies describing various indirect impacts of invasive plants. However, identical interaction motifs (e.g. plant-enemy-plant, plant-mutualist-plant) can bring about several possible outcomes, depending upon each species' provenance, relative abundances and interaction strengths, abiotic resource availability, spatial and temporal scale and the influence of other species. Moreover, knowledge gaps identified include a lack of studies of indirect facilitation outside of plant-pollinator systems, limited consideration of indirect invader impacts on other non-native species, and the scarcity of generalizable results to date. Second, I integrate the literature with some trending research areas in invasion biology (interaction networks, biogeography, invasion dynamics) and identify some potential future research directions. Finally, I discuss how knowledge about indirect biotic interactions could be incorporated into the management of invasive plants.
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Traveset, Anna, and David M. Richardson. "Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions - an overview." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 1–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0001.
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Abstract Diverse biotic interactions between non-native plant species and other species from all taxonomic groups are crucial mediators of the dynamics of plant invasions. This chapter reviews the key hypotheses in invasion ecology that invoke biotic interactions to explain aspects of plant invasion dynamics. We examine the historical context of these hypotheses and assess the evidence for accepting or rejecting their predictions. Most hypotheses invoke antagonistic interactions, mainly competition, predation, herbivory interactions and the role of pathogens. Only in the last two decades have positive (facilitative/mutualistic) interactions been explicitly included in invasion biology theory (as in ecological theory in general). Much information has accumulated in testing hypotheses relating to biotic resistance and Enemy Release Theory, although many of the emerging generalizations are still contentious. There is growing consensus that other drivers of plant invasion success, such as propagule pressure and disturbance, mediate the outcome of biotic interactions, thereby complicating our ability to make predictions, but these have rarely been assessed in both native and adventive ranges of non-native invasive species. It is also widely acknowledged that biogeographic comparisons, more than common garden experiments, are needed to shed light on many of the contradictory results. Contrasting findings have also emerged in exploring the roles of positive interactions. Despite strong evidence that such interactions are crucial in many communities, more work is needed to elucidate the factors that influence the relative importance of positive and negative interactions in different ecosystems. Different types of evidence in support of invasional meltdown have emerged for diverse habitats and across spatial scales. In light of increasing evidence that biotic indirect effects are crucial determinants of the structure, dynamics and evolution of ecological communities, both direct and indirect interactions involving native and non-native species must be considered to determine how they shape plant invasion patterns and the ecological impacts of non-native species on recipient communities. Research that examines both biotic interactions and the factors that mediate their strength and alter interaction outcomes is needed to improve our ability to predict the effects of novel interactions between native and non-native species, and to envisage how existing invaded communities will respond to changing environmental conditions. Many opportunities exist for manipulating biotic interactions as part of integrated control strategies to reduce the extent, density and impacts of non-native plant invasions. These include the introduction of species from the native range of the non-native plant for biological control, diverse manipulations of plant - herbivore interactions and many types of interaction to enhance biotic resistance and steer vegetation recovery following non-native plant control.
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Kendig, Amy E., S. Luke Flory, Erica M. Goss, Robert D. Holt, Keith Clay, Philip F. Harmon, Brett R. Lane, Ashish Adhikari, and Christopher M. Wojan. "The role of pathogens in plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 208–25. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0208.
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Abstract Plant-pathogen interactions occur throughout the process of plant invasion: pathogens can acutely influence plant survival and reproduction, while the large densities and spatial distributions of invasive plant species can influence pathogen communities. However, interactions between invasive plants and pathogens are often overlooked during the early stages of invasion. As with introductions of invasive plants, the introduction of agricultural crops to new areas can also generate novel host-pathogen interactions. The close monitoring of agricultural plants and resulting insights can inform hypotheses for invasive plants where research on pathogen interactions is lacking. This chapter reviews the known and hypothesized effects of pathogens on the invasion process and the effects of plant invasion on pathogens and infectious disease dynamics throughout the process of invasion. Initially, pathogens may inhibit the transport of potentially invasive plants. After arrival in a new range, pathogens can facilitate or inhibit establishment success of introduced plants depending on their relative impacts on the introduced plants and resident species. As invasive plants spread, they may encounter novel pathogens and alter the abundance and geographic range of pathogens. Pathogens can mediate interactions between invasive plants and resident species and may influence the long-term impacts of invasive plants on ecosystems. As invasive plants shift the composition of pathogen communities, resident species could be subject to higher disease risk. We highlight gaps in invasion biology research by providing examples from the agricultural literature and propose topics that have received little attention from either field.
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Wandrag, Elizabeth M., and Jane A. Catford. "Competition between native and non-native plants." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 281–307. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0281.
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Abstract The introduction of species to new locations leads to novel competitive interactions between resident native and newly-arriving non-native species. The nature of these competitive interactions can influence the suitability of the environment for the survival, reproduction and spread of non-native plant species, and the impact those species have on native plant communities. Indeed, the large literature on competition among plants reflects its importance in shaping the composition of plant communities, including the invasion success of non-native species. While competition and invasion theory have historically developed in parallel, the increasing recognition of the synergism between the two themes has led to new insights into how non-native plant species invade native plant communities, and the impacts they have on those plant communities. This chapter provides an entry point into the aspects of competition theory that can help explain the success, dominance and impacts of invasive species. It focuses on resource competition, which arises wherever the resources necessary for establishment, survival, reproduction and spread are in limited supply. It highlights key hypotheses developed in invasion biology that relate to ideas of competition, outlines biotic and abiotic factors that influence the strength of competition and species' relative competitive abilities, and describes when and how competition between non-native and native plant species can influence invasion outcomes. Understanding the processes that influence the strength of competition between non-native and native plant species is a necessary step towards understanding the causes and consequences of biological invasions.
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Kuebbing, Sara E. "How direct and indirect non-native interactions can promote plant invasions, lead to invasional meltdown and inform management decisions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 153–76. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0153.
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Abstract In 1999, Daniel Simberloff and Betsy Von Holle introduced the term 'invasional meltdown'. The term and the concept have been embraced and critiqued but have taken a firm hold within the invasion biology canon. The original formulation of the concept argued two key points: first, biologists rarely study how non-natives interact with one another. Second, nearly all the conceptual models about the success and impact of invasive species are predicated on the importance of competitive interactions and an implicit assumption that non-natives should interfere with establishment, spread and impact of other non-natives. In response, Simberloff and Von Holle called for more research on invader interactions and proposed an alternative consequence of non-native species interactions - invasional meltdown - where facilitative interactions among non-natives could increase the invasion rate or ecological impacts in invaded systems. This chapter outlines the primary pathways in which direct and indirect interactions among non-natives could lead to invasional meltdown. It provides examples of how different types of interactions among non-natives could lead to net positive effects on the invasion success of non-native plants or the impact of non-native plants on invaded ecosystems. Direct effects are by far the most commonly explored form of non-native- non- native interaction, primarily focusing on plant mutualisms with pollinators, seed dispersers or soil microbial mutualists. There are, however, also examples of non-native plants that benefit from commensal and even herbivorous interactions with other non-natives. Indirect interactions among non-natives are very infrequently studied. Although examples are scarce, non-natives may indirectly benefit other non-native plants through trophic cascades, apparent competition and indirect mutualisms. It remains unclear whether indirect effects are important pathways to invasional meltdown. More work is needed on studying ecosystems that are invaded by multiple non-native species and we need to consider the full range of interactions among non-natives that could either stymie or promote their spread, population growth and impact. Only then can we address how common facilitative interactions are relative to competitive interactions among non-natives or provide robust suggestions on how to manage ecosystems.
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Callaway, Ragan M., and Jacob E. Lucero. "Soil biota and non-native plant invasions." In Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions, 45–66. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0045.
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Abstract The trajectory of plant invasions - for better or for worse - can be tied to interactions between plants and the soil community. Here, we highlight five broad ways in which belowground interactions can influence the trajectory of biological invasions by non-native plant species. First, many non-native plant species in their non-native ranges can interact very differently with the resident soil community than do native species. Second, non-native plant species often interact very differently with the soil community in their non-native ranges than in their native ranges, which can result in enemy release from antagonistic interactions. Third, non-native plant species can cultivate a soil community that disproportionately harms native competitors in invaded communities. Fourth, antagonistic soil biota in invaded communities can reduce the performance of non-native plant species, resulting in meaningful biotic resistance against invasion. Fifth, besides or in addition to antagonistic interactions with soil biota, soil mutualisms can promote the success of invasive plant species (i) when mutualists co-invade with non-native plant species that require obligate specialist mutualists, (ii) when mutualists enhance the performance of non-native plant species in their non-native ranges, and (iii) when biotic interactions in the invaded community suppress the soil mutualists of native plant species. We conclude that management practices aimed at manipulating plant - soil interactions have considerable potential to help control plant invasions, but further work is needed to understand the spatial, temporal, taxonomic and biogeographic drivers of context dependence in interactions among plants and soil biota.
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Rejmánek, Marcel. "Invasive Plant Species and Invasible Ecosystems." In Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management, 79–102. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4523-7_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Invasione"
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Gupta, Amrita, Mehrdad Farajtabar, Bistra Dilkina, and Hongyuan Zha. "Discrete Interventions in Hawkes Processes with Applications in Invasive Species Management." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/470.
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The spread of invasive species to new areas threatens the stability of ecosystems and causes major economic losses. We propose a novel approach to minimize the spread of an invasive species given a limited intervention budget. We first model invasive species spread using Hawkes processes, and then derive closed-form expressions for characterizing the effect of an intervention action on the invasion process. We use this to obtain an optimal intervention plan based on an integer programming formulation, and compare the optimal plan against several ecologically-motivated heuristic strategies used in practice. We present an empirical study of two variants of the invasive control problem: minimizing the final rate of invasions, and minimizing the number of invasions at the end of a given time horizon. The optimized intervention achieves nearly the same level of control that would be attained by completely eradicating the species, but at only 60-80\% of the cost.
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Ansari, S. A. "Invasive Thymic Carcinoma Causing Superior Vena Cava Syndrome by Direct Invasion." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a6920.
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Both, Camila, and Taran Grant. "Acoustic invasion: How invasive species can impact native species acoustic niche?" In ICA 2013 Montreal. ASA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4799249.
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Stigall, Alycia L. "THE INVASION HIERARCHY: QUANTIFYING ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF INVASIONS IN THE FOSSIL RECORD." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-331517.
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Tamburri, Mario N., and Gregory M. Ruiz. "Evaluations of a Ballast Water Treatment to Stop Invasive Species and Tank Corrosion." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2005-d09.
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Invasive species are one of the most destructive environmental problems facing the world today. They can alter habitats, cause local extinction of native species, and have enormous economic impacts. Because ballast water is the primary source of aquatic invasions, the International Maritime Organization has recently passed regulations that will require ocean-going vessels to treat water prior to discharge. It has proven challenging, however, to find an environmentally friendly treatment that is effective at reducing the potential for invasions and yet also acceptable to the shipping industry in terms of safety, time and cost. Our work has focused on evaluations of deoxygenation in general, and Venturi Oxygen Stripping in particular, because of its ability to kill ballast water organisms and to reduce ballast tank corrosion. Results to date suggest that this approach has the potential to be an effective ballast water treatment option.
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Wu, Junchen, Yiren Fan, Shaogui Deng, Ruokun Huang, Fei Wu, and Zhongtao Wang. "COMPARATIVE SIMULATION OF WATER-BASED MUD-FILTRATE INVASION IN HIGH-PERMEABILITY AND TIGHT SANDSTONE RESERVOIRS USING LARGE-SIZED FORMATION MODULES." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0028.
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Mud filtrate invasion is a complex and time-dependent process. During the process, a zone of finite size around the wellbore (invasion zone) in which a portion of the initial pore fluids have been displaced by the mud filtrate is gradually generated. As a result, the petrophysical and fluid properties of the formation in this zone will be inevitably altered, and sometimes tend to be quite different from their initial values. Petrophysicists and logging analysts have long considered mud filtrate invasion as a nuisance due to its troublesome effect on formation properties and logging measurements, especially on resistivity logging measurements. Note that even deep reading resistivity logging may not see deep enough (beyond the invasion zone), and need to be corrected. Therefore, simulation of mud filtrate invasion under near reservoir conditions is crucial for an in-depth understanding of its physics and effects on logging measurements, and hence for logging interpretation and formation evaluation. Otherwise, this will produce substantial errors in determining initial formation properties, and estimating hydrocarbon reserves and well productivity. To date, most researchers have done a number of works on mud filtrate invasion on the basis of physical simulation at core plug scale. However, conducting invasion experiment on core plug has intrinsic limitations. Firstly, the cylindrical shape of core plug determines that the seepage form of mud filtrate within it (horizontal linear flow) is completely different from that (plane radial flow) in the actual downhole environment, thereby causing a poor representation of the filtration law observed in the experiment. Secondly, due to the small size of core plug, it is almost impossible to monitor the radial resistivity variation for reflecting the dimension and geometry of the invasion zone. To overcome the limitations, a large-sized formation module (sectorial block structure, 55.9 cm in radial depth, and 10 cm in thickness) made by sandstone outcrop was introduced in this paper. Compared with core plug, as a novel type of experimental equivalent, the formation module is larger in size, greater in saturation capacity, and much more similar to the in-situ formation. Its structure can ensure the seepage form of mud filtrate within it is exactly the same as that in the actual downhole environment. Its large size is able to provide enough space and radial distance to follow the entire invasion process from beginning to dynamic equilibrium. The dynamic processes of long-term water-based mud filtrate (WBMF) invasions were duplicated realistically in laboratory. During the whole experimental period, the dynamic invasion data (including radial formation resistivity profile and filtration rate) can be uninterruptedly real-time acquired, thereby investigating and comparing the phenomenon of WBMF invasion in the formation modules with different physical properties. Finally, by combining physical and numerical simulation, the invasion characteristics of WBMF in high-permeability and tight sandstone reservoirs under in-situ formation conditions were quantified. The results obtained in this paper provide an experimental basis and theoretical support for enlightening novel simulation methodologies of mud filtrate invasion, revealing invasion mechanisms, and establishing invasion correction model for electric logging, etc.
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Sakun, N. V., and O. A. Bodilovskaya. "THE MARBLE CRAYFISH PROCAMBARUS FALLAX AS INVASIVE SPECIES IN THE WATER BODIES OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-158-161.
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The article describes crayfish species diversity in the territory of the Republic of Belarus, in particular invasive species - the marble crayfish (PROCAMBARUS FALLAX) and the method of its reproduction. Currently, this species is found in many European countries, but there is a serious probability of its spread in the territory of the Republic of Belarus. Many crayfish species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus may be endangered in case of an invasion of marble crayfish in the water bodies of Belarus.
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Jennings, David E. "Biological control of an invasive forest insect: From biological invasion to population ecology." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94823.
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Geronymo, Beatriz Baaklini, Filomena Marino Carvalho, Adriana Akemi Yoshimura, Juliana Zabukas de Andrade, Danúbia Ariana de Andrade, and Alfredo Carlos Simões Dornellas de Barros. "CORRELATION BETWEEN THE PRESENCE OF ANDROGENIC RECEPTORS AND MOLECULAR AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN BREAST CANCER." In Scientifc papers of XXIII Brazilian Breast Congress - 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s1061.
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Introduction: The expression of androgenic receptors (AR) is a new predictive marker of response and prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma (BC). It emerges as a potential therapeutic target. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of AR positivity and its correlation with molecular and histopathological parameters in infiltrative BC. Methods: Retrospective cohort study, analyzing 119 cases of non-metastatic invasive BC, seen at a private clinic. Hormonal receptors were screened by immunohistochemical reaction, and AR were considered positive when present in at least 10% of cells, ER and PR from 1%. This finding was correlated with pathological staging, histological grade (HG), vascular-lymphatic invasion (VLI), estrogen receptors (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), HER2 and Ki 67. Results: AR were positive in 96 cases (80.6%). The correlation with the surveyed parameters can be seen in the table. Conclusions: AR positivity is associated with more differentiated hormone-dependent tumors and with a lower proliferation rate.
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Zielinski, Rachel, Cosmin Mihai, and Samir Ghadiali. "Multi-Scale Modeling of Cancer Cell Migration and Adhesion During Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53511.
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Cancer is a leading cause of death in the US, and tumor cell metastasis and secondary tumor formation are key factors in the malignancy and prognosis of the disease. The regulation of cell motility plays an important role in the migration and invasion of cancer cells into surrounding tissues. The primary modes of increased motility in cancerous tissues may include collective migration of a group of epithelial cells during tumor growth and single cell migration of mesenchymal cells after detachment from the primary tumor site [1]. In epithelial cancers, metastasizing cells lose their cell-cell adhesions, detach from the tumor mass, begin expressing mesenchymal markers, and become highly motile and invasive, a process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) (Fig. 1) [2]. Although the cellular and biochemical signaling mechanisms underlying EMT have been studied extensively, there is limited information about the biomechanical mechanisms of EMT. In particular, it is not known how changes in cell mechanics (cell stiffness, cell-cell adhesion strength, traction forces) influence the detachment, migration and invasion processes that occur during metastasis.
Reports on the topic "Invasione"
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Ramakrishnan, Alisa. Genetic patterns of dispersal and colonization during initial invasion and spread of an invasive grass, Brachypodium sylvaticum. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.355.
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Kelley, Amanda. The Effect of Temperature on Phenotypes of the Invasive European Green Crab: Physiologic Mechanisms that Facilitate Invasion Success. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1004.
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Martiny, Luis Eugênio, Larissa Zanetti Theil, Eloy Maciel Neto, Gonçalo Dias, José Pedro Ferreira, and Rui Mendes. EFFECTS OF FLOW STATES ON ELITE ATHLETES IN INVASION TEAM SPORTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0114.
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Review question / Objective: How does the flow state occur in invasion team sports (e.g., prevents; disrupts; restores; triggers; facilitates; hampers) and how does it influence the Elite athletes performance? Rationale: The flow state has been configured as an important flooring condition in the search for the best performance. However, there is an absence of systematizations about the flow state specifically in invasive team sports and its impact on performance. Therefore, it is relevant to qualify the types of studies conducted, their main correlations and causalities, as well as their main evidence and limitations. Condition being studied: The flow in invasion team sports and its impact on the Elite athletes performance.
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Moore, William F. OVERLORD: The Unnecessary Invasion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada177747.
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Cimino, Samuel. An Investigation of Invasion: Boater Knowledge Concerning Aquatic Invasive Species and the Influence of the New Zealand Mud Snail on Benthic Food Webs. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2993.
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Wang, Weigang. Hypoxia in Invasion and Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada485743.
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Wells, Alan, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, and Timothy Turner. Cell Motility in Tumor Invasion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada428576.
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Wells, Alan, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, and Timothy Turner. Cell Motility in Tumor Invasion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada410314.
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Wells, Alan, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, and Timothy Turner. Cell Motility in Tumor Invasion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada417877.
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Lafrancois, Toben, Mark Hove, and Jay Glase. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution in Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: SCUBA-based search and removal efforts: 2019–2020. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293376.
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Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.