Journal articles: 'Invader impact'

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Tekiela, Daniel R., and Jacob N. Barney. "Not All Roads Lead to Rome: A Meta-analysis of Invasive Plant Impact Methodology." Invasive Plant Science and Management 10, no. 4 (December 2017): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/inp.2017.39.

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The negative effects of invasive plant species on native ecosystems, which can be large and long-lasting, are the primary justifications for their research and management. Tremendous effort is focused on quantifying the ecological impacts of invasive plants, though two different methods are primarily used: observational (compare invaded and uninvaded) and removals (compare invaded and invader removal). However, it is unknown whether these methods, which differ in their assumptions and execution, yield similar results, which could affect our ability to draw broad conclusions within and across studies. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis on 174 studies that described 547 impacts of 72 invasive plants to test the effect of study method, invader cover, and removal period on the direction and magnitude of impact. Overall, by only considering impact magnitude and not direction, both observational and removal methods yielded similar results—invasive plants are changing most aspects of the ecosystem—and the variation among species and study systems was dramatically reduced compared with traditional, directionally focused studies. This is contrary to a similar analysis that did not control for directionality of impacts, which found overall differences in impact depended on methodology. However, even when the effects of study ecosystem, invader life-form, and impact type were accounted for, significant differences occurred between removal and observational studies. Particularly vulnerable systems appear to be those that would be more greatly disturbed by the removal of the target species, such as tree species or invasive plants in riparian areas. Additionally, impact magnitude increased with invader cover and removal time. We confirm that invasive plants impact the systems they invade in a nonuniform manner; however, we suggest some study conditions may be more sensitive to study methodology. Careful consideration should be given as to which methodology is used in the context of the study system.

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Alexander, Mhairi E., Jaimie T. A. Dick, Olaf L. F. Weyl, Tamara B. Robinson, and David M. Richardson. "Existing and emerging high impact invasive species are characterized by higher functional responses than natives." Biology Letters 10, no. 2 (February 2014): 20130946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0946.

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Predicting ecological impacts of invasive species and identifying potentially damaging future invaders are research priorities. Since damage by invaders is characterized by their depletion of resources, comparisons of the ‘functional response’ (FR; resource uptake rate as a function of resource density) of invaders and natives might predict invader impact. We tested this by comparing FRs of the ecologically damaging ‘world's worst’ invasive fish, the largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), with a native equivalent, the Cape kurper ( Sandelia capensis ), and an emerging invader, the sharptooth catfish ( Clarias gariepinus ), with the native river goby ( Glossogobius callidus ), in South Africa, a global invasion hotspot . Using tadpoles ( Hyperolius marmoratus ) as prey, we found that the invaders consumed significantly more than natives. Attack rates at low prey densities within invader/native comparisons reflected similarities in predatory strategies; however, both invasive species displayed significantly higher Type II FRs than the native comparators. This was driven by significantly lower prey handling times by invaders, resulting in significantly higher maximum feeding rates. The higher FRs of these invaders are thus congruent with, and can predict, their impacts on native communities. Comparative FRs may be a rapid and reliable method for predicting ecological impacts of emerging and future invasive species.

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Bradley, Bethany A., Brittany B. Laginhas, Raj Whitlock, Jenica M. Allen, Amanda E. Bates, Genevieve Bernatchez, Jeffrey M. Diez, et al. "Disentangling the abundance–impact relationship for invasive species." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 20 (April 29, 2019): 9919–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818081116.

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To predict the threat of biological invasions to native species, it is critical that we understand how increasing abundance of invasive alien species (IAS) affects native populations and communities. The form of this relationship across taxa and ecosystems is unknown, but is expected to depend strongly on the trophic position of the IAS relative to the native species. Using a global metaanalysis based on 1,258 empirical studies presented in 201 scientific publications, we assessed the shape, direction, and strength of native responses to increasing invader abundance. We also tested how native responses varied with relative trophic position and for responses at the population vs. community levels. As IAS abundance increased, native populations declined nonlinearly by 20%, on average, and community metrics declined linearly by 25%. When at higher trophic levels, invaders tended to cause a strong, nonlinear decline in native populations and communities, with the greatest impacts occurring at low invader abundance. In contrast, invaders at the same trophic level tended to cause a linear decline in native populations and communities, while invaders at lower trophic levels had no consistent impacts. At the community level, increasing invader abundance had significantly larger effects on species evenness and diversity than on species richness. Our results show that native responses to invasion depend critically on invasive species’ abundance and trophic position. Further, these general abundance–impact relationships reveal how IAS impacts are likely to develop during the invasion process and when to best manage them.

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Kurkjian, Helen M., M. Javad Akbari, and Babak Momeni. "The impact of interactions on invasion and colonization resistance in microbial communities." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 1 (January 22, 2021): e1008643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008643.

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In human microbiota, the prevention or promotion of invasions can be crucial to human health. Invasion outcomes, in turn, are impacted by the composition of resident communities and interactions of resident members with the invader. Here we study how interactions influence invasion outcomes in microbial communities, when interactions are primarily mediated by chemicals that are released into or consumed from the environment. We use a previously developed dynamic model which explicitly includes species abundances and the concentrations of chemicals that mediate species interaction. Using this model, we assessed how species interactions impact invasion by simulating a new species being introduced into an existing resident community. We classified invasion outcomes as resistance, augmentation, displacement, or disruption depending on whether the richness of the resident community was maintained or decreased and whether the invader was maintained in the community or went extinct. We found that as the number of invaders introduced into the resident community increased, disruption rather than augmentation became more prevalent. With more facilitation of the invader by the resident community, resistance outcomes were replaced by displacement and augmentation. By contrast, with more facilitation among residents, displacement outcomes shifted to resistance. When facilitation of the resident community by the invader was eliminated, the majority of augmentation outcomes turned into displacement, while when inhibition of residents by invaders was eliminated, invasion outcomes were largely unaffected. Our results suggest that a better understanding of interactions within resident communities and between residents and invaders is crucial to predicting the success of invasions into microbial communities.

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Calizza, Edoardo, Loreto Rossi, Giulio Careddu, Simona Sporta Caputi, and Maria Letizia Costantini. "A novel approach to quantifying trophic interaction strengths and impact of invasive species in food webs." Biological Invasions 23, no. 7 (March 13, 2021): 2093–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02490-y.

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AbstractMeasuring ecological and economic impacts of invasive species is necessary for managing invaded food webs. Based on abundance, biomass and diet data of autochthonous and allochthonous fish species, we proposed a novel approach to quantifying trophic interaction strengths in terms of number of individuals and biomass that each species subtract to the others in the food web. This allowed to estimate the economic loss associated to the impact of an invasive species on commercial fish stocks, as well as the resilience of invaded food webs to further perturbations. As case study, we measured the impact of the invasive bass Micropterus salmoides in two lake communities differing in food web complexity and species richness, as well as the biotic resistance of autochthonous and allochthonous fish species against the invader. Resistance to the invader was higher, while its ecological and economic impact was lower, in the more complex and species-rich food web. The percid Perca fluviatilis and the whitefish Coregonus lavaretus were the two species that most limited the invader, representing meaningful targets for conservation biological control strategies. In both food webs, the limiting effect of allochthonous species against M. salmoides was higher than the effect of autochthonous ones. Simulations predicted that the eradication of the invader would increase food web resilience, while that an increase in fish diversity would preserve resilience also at high abundances of M. salmoides. Our results support the conservation of biodiverse food webs as a way to mitigate the impact of bass invasion in lake ecosystems. Notably, the proposed approach could be applied to any habitat and animal species whenever biomass and diet data can be obtained.

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Dick, Jaimie T. A., Dirk Platvoet, and David W. Kelly. "Predatory impact of the freshwater invader Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacea: Amphipoda)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 1078–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-074.

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To assess the increasing threats to aquatic ecosystems from invasive species, we need to elucidate the mechanisms of impacts of current and predicted future invaders. Dikerogammarus villosus, a PontoCaspian amphipod crustacean, is invading throughout Europe and predicted to invade the North American Great Lakes. European field studies show that populations of macroinvertebrates decline after D. villosus invasion. The mechanism of such impacts has not been addressed empirically; however, D. villosus is known to prey upon and replace other amphipods. Therefore, in this study, we used microcosm and mesocosm laboratory experiments, with both single and mixed prey species scenarios, to assess any predatory impact of D. villosus on a range of macroinvertebrate taxa, trophic groups, and body sizes. Dikerogammarus villosus predatory behaviour included shredding of prey and infliction of "bite" injuries on multiple victims. Dikerogammarus villosus killed significantly greater numbers of macroinvertebrates than did the native Gammarus duebeni, which is currently being replaced by D. villosus. This invader thus appears to impact on freshwater ecosystems through its exceptional predatory capabilities. We predict that future invasions by D. villosus will have serious direct and indirect effects on freshwaters, with its invasion facilitated in a larger "invasional meltdown" in regions like the North American Great Lakes.

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Amor, Daniel R., Christoph Ratzke, and Jeff Gore. "Transient invaders can induce shifts between alternative stable states of microbial communities." Science Advances 6, no. 8 (February 2020): eaay8676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay8676.

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Microbial dispersal often leads to the arrival of outsider organisms into ecosystems. When their arrival gives rise to successful invasions, outsider species establish within the resident community, which can markedly alter the ecosystem. Seemingly less influential, the potential impact of unsuccessful invaders that interact only transiently with the community has remained largely ignored. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that these transient invasions can induce a lasting transition to an alternative stable state, even when the invader species itself does not survive the transition. First, we develop a mechanistic understanding of how environmental changes caused by these transient invaders can drive a community shift in a simple, bistable model system. Beyond this, we show that transient invaders can also induce switches between stable states in more complex communities isolated from natural soil samples. Our results demonstrate that short-term interactions with an invader species can induce lasting shifts in community composition and function.

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Sofaer, Helen R., Catherine S. Jarnevich, and Ian S. Pearse. "The relationship between invader abundance and impact." Ecosphere 9, no. 9 (September 2018): e02415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2415.

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9

MacNeil, Calum, and Jaimie T. A. Dick. "The enemy of my enemy is my friend: intraguild predation between invaders and natives facilitates coexistence with shared invasive prey." Biology Letters 10, no. 8 (August 2014): 20140398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0398.

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Understanding and predicting the outcomes of biological invasions is challenging where multiple invader and native species interact. We hypothesize that antagonistic interactions between invaders and natives could divert their impact on subsequent invasive species, thus facilitating coexistence. From field data, we found that, when existing together in freshwater sites, the native amphipod Gammarus duebeni celticus and a previous invader G. pulex appear to facilitate the establishment of a second invader, their shared prey Crangonyx pseudogracilis. Indeed, the latter species was rarely found at sites where each Gammarus species was present on its own. Experiments indicated that this may be the result of G. d. celticus and G. pulex engaging in more intraguild predation (IGP) than cannibalism; when the ‘enemy’ of either Gammarus species was present, that is, the other Gammarus species, C. pseudogracilis significantly more often escaped predation. Thus, the presence of mutual enemies and the stronger inter- than intraspecific interactions they engage in can facilitate other invaders. With some invasive species such as C. pseudogracilis having no known detrimental effects on native species, and indeed having some positive ecological effects, we also conclude that some invasions could promote biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

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Lear, Luke, Elze Hesse, Katriona Shea, and Angus Buckling. "Disentangling the mechanisms underpinning disturbance-mediated invasion." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1919 (January 29, 2020): 20192415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2415.

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Disturbances can play a major role in biological invasions: by destroying biomass, they alter habitat and resource abundances. Previous field studies suggest that disturbance-mediated invader success is a consequence of resource influxes, but the importance of other potential covarying causes, notably the opening up of habitats, have yet to be directly tested. Using experimental populations of the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens , we determined the relative importance of disturbance-mediated habitat opening and resource influxes, plus any interaction between them, for invader success of two ecologically distinct morphotypes. Resource addition increased invasibility, while habitat opening had little impact and did not interact with resource addition. Both invaders behaved similarly, despite occupying different ecological niches in the microcosms. Treatment also affected the composition of the resident population, which further affected invader success. Our results provide experimental support for the observation that resource input is a key mechanism through which disturbance increases invasibility.

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Dick, Jaimie T. A., Michael Armstrong, Hazel C. Clarke, Keith D. Farnsworth, Melanie J. Hatcher, Marilyn Ennis, Andrew Kelly, and Alison M. Dunn. "Parasitism may enhance rather than reduce the predatory impact of an invader." Biology Letters 6, no. 5 (April 14, 2010): 636–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2010.0171.

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Invasive species can have profound impacts on communities and it is increasingly recognized that such effects may be mediated by parasitism. The ‘enemy release’ hypothesis posits that invaders may be successful and have high impacts owing to escape from parasitism. Alternatively, we hypothesize that parasites may increase host feeding rates and hence parasitized invaders may have increased community impacts. Here, we investigate the influence of parasitism on the predatory impact of the invasive freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex . Up to 70 per cent of individuals are infected with the acanthocephalan parasite Echinorhynchus truttae , but parasitized individuals were no different in body condition to those unparasitized. Parasitized individuals consumed significantly more prey ( Asellus aquaticus ; Isopoda) than did unparasitized individuals. Both parasitized and unparasitized individuals displayed Type-II functional responses (FRs), with the FR for parasitized individuals rising more steeply, with a higher asymptote, compared with unparasitized individuals. While the parasite reduced the fitness of individual females, we predict a minor effect on population recruitment because of low parasite prevalence in the peak reproductive period. The parasite thus has a large per capita effect on predatory rate but a low population fitness effect, and thus may enhance rather than reduce the impact of this invader.

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Herren, Cristina M. "Disruption of cross-feeding interactions by invading taxa can cause invasional meltdown in microbial communities." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1927 (May 13, 2020): 20192945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2945.

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The strength of biotic interactions within an ecological community affects the susceptibility of the community to invasion by introduced taxa. In microbial communities, cross-feeding is a widespread type of biotic interaction that has the potential to affect community assembly and stability. Yet, there is little understanding of how the presence of cross-feeding within a community affects invasion risk. Here, I develop a metabolite-explicit model where native microbial taxa interact through both cross-feeding and competition for metabolites. I use this model to study how the strength of biotic interactions, especially cross-feeding, influence whether an introduced taxon can join the community. I found that stronger cross-feeding and competition led to much lower invasion risk, as both types of biotic interactions lead to greater metabolite scarcity for the invader. I also evaluated the impact of a successful invader on community composition and structure. The effect of invaders on the native community was greatest at intermediate levels of cross-feeding; at this ‘critical’ level of cross-feeding, successful invaders generally cause decreased diversity, decreased productivity, greater metabolite availability, and decreased quantities of metabolites exchanged among taxa. Furthermore, these changes resulting from a successful primary invader made communities further susceptible to future invaders. The increase in invasion risk was greatest when the network of metabolite exchange between taxa was minimally redundant. Thus, this model demonstrates a case of invasional meltdown that is mediated by initial invaders disrupting the metabolite exchange networks of the native community.

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Ludyanskiy, Michael L., Derek McDonald, and David MacNeill. "Impact of the Zebra Mussel, a Bivalve Invader." BioScience 43, no. 8 (September 1993): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1311948.

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Devenish, Adam J. M., Rosemary J. Newton, Jon R. Bridle, Crisanto Gomez, Jeremy J. Midgley, and Seirian Sumner. "Contrasting responses of native ant communities to invasion by an ant invader, Linepithema humile." Biological Invasions 23, no. 8 (April 3, 2021): 2553–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02522-7.

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AbstractInvasive alien species pose a serious threat to the integrity and function of natural ecosystems. Understanding how these invaders alter natural communities is therefore an important aspect in predicting the likely future outcomes of biological invasions. Many studies have documented the consequences of invasive alien species on native community structure, through the displacement and local extinction of native species. However, sampling methods and intensities are rarely standardised across such studies, meaning that it is not clear whether differences in response among native communities to the same invader species are due to biological differences between the invaded regions, or differences in the methodologies used. Here we use a matched sampling methodology to compare the effects of the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile Mayr) on native ant community assemblages in two distinct biogeographical regions that share similar ecologies: Girona (Spain) and Jonkershoek Nature Reserve (South Africa). We found a strong negative association between L. humile presence and native ant species richness within both geographic regions. However, the effects differed between the two study regions: in Girona, a single native ant species (Plagiolepis pygmaea) persisted in invaded sites; by contrast, substantially more native ant species persisted at invaded sites in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve. In addition, in Jonkershoek Nature Reserve, the abundance of certain native species appeared to increase in the presence of L. humile. This study therefore demonstrates the potential variable effects of an invasive species in contrasting locations within different biogeographical regions. Future work should explore the causes of this differential resistance among communities and expand standardised sampling approaches to more invaded zones to further explore how local biotic or abiotic conditions of a region determine the nature and extent of impact of L. humile invasion on native ant communities.

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Lecerf, Antoine, Denise Patfield, Anatole Boiché, Miira P. Riipinen, Eric Chauvet, and Michael Dobson. "Stream ecosystems respond to riparian invasion by Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-092.

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There are growing concerns about the rapid spread of exotic plants into riparian zones, yet little information is currently available on their influence on stream ecosystems. This study assessed the impact of riparian invasion by Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica), an aggressive invader, on leaf litter breakdown and its associated biota (aquatic hyphomycete fungi and benthic invertebrates) in heterotrophic, low-order streams in The Pennines (England) and the Pyrenees (France). Our results suggest that leaf consumers (aquatic hyphomycetes and invertebrate shredders) can readily use knotweed leaf litter even in stream sites where it was not previously present. However, aquatic hyphomycete and invertebrate assemblages differed between stream sites with and without knotweed. Leaf litter breakdown rate and relative abundance of large invertebrate shredders (mainly Trichoptera) were enhanced in the Pyrenean invaded site, whose channel contained a high proportion of knotweed leaf litter, whereas no such effects were observed in The Pennines, possibly because of the less extensive knotweed invasion. Alteration of riparian vegetation by plant invaders could therefore increasingly influence instream community and ecological functions as the severity of invasion rises.

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Dickey, James W. E., Neil E. Coughlan, Jaimie T. A. Dick, Vincent Médoc, Monica McCard, Peter R. Leavitt, Gérard Lacroix, Sarah Fiorini, Alexis Millot, and Ross N. Cuthbert. "Breathing space: deoxygenation of aquatic environments can drive differential ecological impacts across biological invasion stages." Biological Invasions 23, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 2831–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02542-3.

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AbstractThe influence of climate change on the ecological impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) remains understudied, with deoxygenation of aquatic environments often-overlooked as a consequence of climate change. Here, we therefore assessed how oxygen saturation affects the ecological impact of a predatory invasive fish, the Ponto-Caspian round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), relative to a co-occurring endangered European native analogue, the bullhead (Cottus gobio) experiencing decline in the presence of the IAS. In individual trials and mesocosms, we assessed the effect of high, medium and low (90%, 60% and 30%) oxygen saturation on: (1) functional responses (FRs) of the IAS and native, i.e. per capita feeding rates; (2) the impact on prey populations exerted; and (3) how combined impacts of both fishes change over invasion stages (Pre-invasion, Arrival, Replacement, Proliferation). Both species showed Type II potentially destabilising FRs, but at low oxygen saturation, the invader had a significantly higher feeding rate than the native. Relative Impact Potential, combining fish per capita effects and population abundances, revealed that low oxygen saturation exacerbates the high relative impact of the invader. The Relative Total Impact Potential (RTIP), modelling both consumer species’ impacts on prey populations in a system, was consistently higher at low oxygen saturation and especially high during invader Proliferation. In the mesocosm experiment, low oxygen lowered RTIP where both species were present, but again the IAS retained high relative impact during Replacement and Proliferation stages at low oxygen. We also found evidence of multiple predator effects, principally antagonism. We highlight the threat posed to native communities by IAS alongside climate-related stressors, but note that solutions may be available to remedy hypoxia and potentially mitigate impacts across invasion stages.

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Mason, T. J., and K. French. "Management regimes for a plant invader differentially impact resident communities." Biological Conservation 136, no. 2 (April 2007): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2006.11.023.

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Akuta, Norio, Fumitaka Suzuki, Masahiro Kobayashi, Hitomi Sezaki, Yusuke Kawamura, Tetsuya Hosaka, Mariko Kobayashi, et al. "Impact of Mutations at Amino Acid 70 in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotype 1b Core Region on Hepatocarcinogenesis following Eradication of HCV RNA." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 53, no. 9 (July 1, 2015): 3039–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01457-15.

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The impact of the HCV genotype 1b core amino acid (aa) 70 mutant on the cumulative rate of hepatocellular carcinoma following eradication of HCV RNA by antiviral therapy was investigated with the Q-Invader assay. Multivariate analysis based on 649 patients indicated that a core aa70 Q-Invader mutant level ≥20% is a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma.

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MacDougall, Andrew S., Matthias C. Rillig, and John N. Klironomos. "Weak conspecific feedbacks and exotic dominance in a species-rich savannah." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1720 (February 16, 2011): 2939–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2730.

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Whether dominance drives species loss can depend on the power of conspecific self-limitation as dominant populations expand; these limitations can stabilize competitive imbalances that might otherwise cause displacement. We quantify the relative strength of conspecific and heterospecific soil feedbacks in an exotic-dominated savannah, using greenhouse trials and field surveys to test whether dominants are less self-suppressed, highly suppressive of others or both. Soil feedbacks can impact plant abundance, including invasion, but their implications for coexistence in invader-dominated systems are unclear. We found that conspecific feedbacks were significantly more negative than heterospecific ones for all species including the dominant invaders; even the rarest natives performed significantly better in the soils of other species. The strength of these negative feedbacks, however, was approximately 50 per cent stronger for natives and matched their field abundance—the most self-limited natives were rare and narrowly distributed. These results suggest that exotics dominate by interacting with natives carrying heavier conspecific feedback burdens, without cultivating either negative heterospecific effects that suppress natives or positive ones that accelerate their own expansion. These feedbacks, however, could contribute to coexistence because all species were self-limited in their own soils. Although the net impact of this feedback stabilization will probably interact with other factors (e.g. herbivory), soil feedbacks may thus contribute to invader dominance without necessarily being detrimental to species richness.

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Guenther, Dale C., Raymond G. Emehiser, Allison Inskeep, Saswata Karmakar, and Patrick J. Hrdlicka. "Impact of non-nucleotidic bulges on recognition of mixed-sequence dsDNA by pyrene-functionalized Invader probes." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 18, no. 24 (2020): 4645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ob01052a.

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Maron, John L., and Marilyn Marler. "Effects of Native Species Diversity and Resource Additions on Invader Impact." American Naturalist 172, S1 (July 2008): S18—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/588303.

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Barney, Jacob N., Daniel R. Tekiela, Maria Noelia Barrios‐Garcia, Romina D. Dimarco, Ruth A. Hufbauer, Peter Leipzig‐Scott, Martin A. Nuñez, et al. "Global Invader Impact Network ( GIIN ): toward standardized evaluation of the ecological impacts of invasive plants." Ecology and Evolution 5, no. 14 (June 30, 2015): 2878–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1551.

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Eppinga, Maarten B., Elizabeth A. Haber, Luke Sweeney, Maria J. Santos, Max Rietkerk, and Martin J. Wassen. "Antigonon leptopus invasion is associated with plant community disassembly in a Caribbean island ecosystem." Biological Invasions 24, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02646-w.

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AbstractInvasions by non-native plant species are widely recognized as a major driver of biodiversity loss. Globally, (sub-)tropical islands form important components of biodiversity hotspots, while being particularly susceptible to invasions by plants in general and vines in particular. We studied the impact of the invasive vine A. leptopus on the diversity and structure of recipient plant communities on the northern Caribbean island St. Eustatius. We used a paired-plot design to study differences in species richness, evenness and community structure under A. leptopus-invaded and uninvaded conditions. Community structure was studied through species co-occurrence patterns. We found that in plots invaded by A. leptopus, species richness was 40–50% lower, and these plots also exhibited lower evenness. The magnitude of these negative impacts increased with increasing cover of A. leptopus. Invaded plots also showed higher degrees of homogeneity in species composition. Species co-occurrence patterns indicated that plant communities in uninvaded plots were characterized by segregation, whereas recipient plant communities in invaded plots exhibited random co-occurrence patterns. These observations suggest that invasion of A. leptopus is not only associated with reduced species richness and evenness of recipient communities in invaded sites, but also with a community disassembly process that may reduce diversity between sites. Given that A. leptopus is a successful invader of (sub-)tropical islands around the globe, these impacts on plant community structure highlight that this invasive species could be a particular conservation concern for these systems.

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Shepard, Caroline P., Raymond G. Emehiser, Saswata Karmakar, and Patrick J. Hrdlicka. "Factors Impacting Invader-Mediated Recognition of Double-Stranded DNA." Molecules 28, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010127.

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The development of chemically modified oligonucleotides enabling robust, sequence-unrestricted recognition of complementary chromosomal DNA regions has been an aspirational goal for scientists for many decades. While several groove-binding or strand-invading probes have been developed towards this end, most enable recognition of DNA only under limited conditions (e.g., homopurine or short mixed-sequence targets, low ionic strength, fully modified probe strands). Invader probes, i.e., DNA duplexes modified with +1 interstrand zippers of intercalator-functionalized nucleotides, are predisposed to recognize DNA targets due to their labile nature and high affinity towards complementary DNA. Here, we set out to gain further insight into the design parameters that impact the thermal denaturation properties and binding affinities of Invader probes. Towards this end, ten Invader probes were designed, and their biophysical properties and binding to model DNA hairpins and chromosomal DNA targets were studied. A Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis of various parameters was then performed. Densely modified Invader probes were found to result in efficient recognition of chromosomal DNA targets with excellent binding specificity in the context of denaturing or non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments. The insight gained from the initial phase of this study informed subsequent probe optimization, which yielded constructs displaying improved recognition of chromosomal DNA targets. The findings from this study will facilitate the design of efficient Invader probes for applications in the life sciences.

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Gebauer, Radek, Lukáš Veselý, Tatyana Vanina, Miloš Buřič, Antonín Kouba, and Bořek Drozd. "Prediction of ecological impact of two alien gobiids in habitat structures of differing complexity." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 11 (November 2019): 1954–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2018-0346.

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Rapid expansion of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) and western tubenose goby (Proterorhinus semilunaris) beyond their native ranges calls for urgent management action, particularly in localities with high introduction possibility of the species. We used a comparative functional response (FR) approach to forecast invader ecological impact. We compared their foraging efficiency in three habitat structures: sand, coarse gravel, and coarse gravel with an artificial plant. Both Neogobius melanostomus and Proterorhinus semilunaris showed type II FR in all habitats. Interspecific comparison showed similar handling times in both the gravel and gravel with artificial plant habitats, suggesting similar per capita impact. Intraspecific comparison showed significantly lower handling times of both predators on gravel substrates. Therefore, their ecological impact in such an environment could be higher. Neogobius melanostomus showed higher attack rates on sandy substrates compared with Proterorhinus semilunaris, while no significant differences were observed on other substrates. Our results highlight the importance of interacting factors in management of ecosystems with multiple invaders, as the elimination of invasive Neogobius melanostomus may lead to utilization of the empty niche by alien Proterorhinus semilunaris with similar ecological impact.

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Roura-Pascual, Núria, Cang Hui, Takayoshi Ikeda, Gwénaël Leday, David M. Richardson, Soledad Carpintero, Xavier Espadaler, et al. "Relative roles of climatic suitability and anthropogenic influence in determining the pattern of spread in a global invader." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108, no. 1 (December 20, 2010): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011723108.

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Because invasive species threaten the integrity of natural ecosystems, a major goal in ecology is to develop predictive models to determine which species may become widespread and where they may invade. Indeed, considerable progress has been made in understanding the factors that influence the local pattern of spread for specific invaders and the factors that are correlated with the number of introduced species that have become established in a given region. However, few studies have examined the relative importance of multiple drivers of invasion success for widespread species at global scales. Here, we use a dataset of >5,000 presence/absence records to examine the interplay between climatic suitability, biotic resistance by native taxa, human-aided dispersal, and human modification of habitats, in shaping the distribution of one of the world's most notorious invasive species, the Argentine ant (Linepithema humile). Climatic suitability and the extent of human modification of habitats are primarily responsible for the distribution of this global invader. However, we also found some evidence for biotic resistance by native communities. Somewhat surprisingly, and despite the often cited importance of propagule pressure as a crucial driver of invasions, metrics of the magnitude of international traded commodities among countries were not related to global distribution patterns. Together, our analyses on the global-scale distribution of this invasive species provide strong evidence for the interplay of biotic and abiotic determinants of spread and also highlight the challenges of limiting the spread and subsequent impact of highly invasive species.

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Hall, Jr., Robert, and Mark Dybdahl. "Linking Modeled and Experimentally Measured Interaction Strengths Between an Exotic Snail and Algae in Rivers in Yellowstone National Park." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 24 (January 1, 2000): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2000.3433.

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Exotic species are one of the largest humanÂcaused threats to ecosystems and are becoming a central focus of research for ecologists. We do not know what factors allow exotic species to invade, nor can we predict what effects the exotic species will have once it has invaded. Invasive species, including mollusks, have greatly affected processes in freshwater ecosystems. A recent mollusk invader to North America is the New Zealand mud snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum. It is a small snail (ca. 4mm long) in the family Hydrobiidae. Potamopyrgus has recently invaded the Snake and Madison Rivers and the Great Lakes In the Madison River, it is numerically dominating the benthos in certain locations with densities over 300,000 individuals/m2 with a corresponding biomass of 30 g/m2 (R. Hall, unpublished data). Because mud snails have high biomass and potentially high secondary production, they may alter algal species composition, and lower algae biomass and production in rivers. Algae form the base of the food web in these rivers; hence, mud snails may be competing with other invertebrates by lowering algae biomass as has been shown for a caddisfly grazer (Kohler and Wiley 1997). It is relatively straightforward to measure grazer impact on algae population using small-scale experiments. However, it is harder to scale up these estimates to whole-river primary production because we cannot manipulate snail densities at this scale. From a management perspective, we cannot do experiments every time a prediction is needed, e.g. when this snail invades a different river. For this reason to predict impacts based on knowing snail and algae biomass using a modeling approach may become useful. Ecologists are just beginning to link energy flow with experimentally measured interaction strengths. Recently Wootton (1997) provided a theoretical means to link energy flow with experimentally measured interaction strength for bird foraging in the rocky intertidal zone. He estimated parameters of a Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model using consumption rate estimates. He then compared these estimated parameters with those measured (using the same units) using experiments. He found a positive correlation between the two suggesting that it is possible to predict interaction strength from energy flow from the consumer to the resource. The objective of this study is to estimate interaction strength between exotic mud snails and periphyton by using the modeling approach developed by Wootton (1997) and to test these estimates by using controlled field experiments.

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Macdonald, Jed I., Zeb D. Tonkin, David S. L. Ramsey, Andrew K. Kaus, Alison K. King, and David A. Crook. "Do invasive eastern gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) shape wetland fish assemblage structure in south-eastern Australia?" Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 8 (2012): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12019.

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Defining the ecological impacts conferred by invasive fishes provides a framework for evaluating the feasibility of control efforts in invaded waterways, and for predicting the consequences of future incursions. Eastern gambusia (Gambusia holbrooki) is a remarkably successful invader of freshwater systems worldwide, with the capacity to detrimentally impact native fishes both directly (e.g. competition, predation, agonistic interactions) and indirectly (e.g. triggering trophic cascades). Here, we modelled the influence of eastern gambusia and several environmental covariates on fish species diversity, abundance and condition based on quantitative survey data collected from 93 wetlands in south-eastern Australia. We predicted that small-bodied, wetland specialist species sharing dietary- and habitat-niches with eastern gambusia would be most severely impacted, and that environmental stressors associated with wetland drying during late summer would magnify these impacts. Eastern gambusia influenced the occurrence, abundance and/or body condition of most common wetland species; however, the direction and level of impact appeared dependent on both biotic and environmental forces. From these results, we postulate that generalist life-history strategies that permit niche-segregation may release some native species from competitive/predatory pressures, allowing coexistence with eastern gambusia in resource-limited, environmentally harsh habitats, whilst specialist species that occupy narrower ecological niches may be less resistant.

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Ma, Chao, Shao-peng Li, Zhichao Pu, Jiaqi Tan, Manqiang Liu, Jing Zhou, Huixin Li, and Lin Jiang. "Different effects of invader–native phylogenetic relatedness on invasion success and impact: a meta-analysis of Darwin's naturalization hypothesis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1838 (September 14, 2016): 20160663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0663.

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Darwin's naturalization hypothesis (DNH), which predicts that alien species more distantly related to native communities are more likely to naturalize, has received much recent attention. The mixed findings from empirical studies that have tested DNH, however, seem to defy generalizations. Using meta-analysis to synthesize results of existing studies, we show that the predictive power of DNH depends on both the invasion stage and the spatial scale of the studies. Alien species more closely related to natives tended to be less successful at the local scale, supporting DNH; invasion success, however, was unaffected by alien–native relatedness at the regional scale. On the other hand, alien species with stronger impacts on native communities tended to be more closely related to natives at the local scale, but less closely related to natives at the regional scale. These patterns are generally consistent across different ecosystems, taxa and investigation methods. Our results revealed the different effects of invader–native relatedness on invader success and impact, suggesting the operation of different mechanisms across invasion stages and spatial scales.

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Ramus, Aaron P., Brian R. Silliman, Mads S. Thomsen, and Zachary T. Long. "An invasive foundation species enhances multifunctionality in a coastal ecosystem." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 32 (July 17, 2017): 8580–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700353114.

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While invasive species often threaten biodiversity and human well-being, their potential to enhance functioning by offsetting the loss of native habitat has rarely been considered. We manipulated the abundance of the nonnative, habitat-forming seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla in large plots (25 m2) on southeastern US intertidal landscapes to assess impacts on multiple ecosystem functions underlying coastal ecosystem services. We document that in the absence of native habitat formers, this invasion has an overall positive, density-dependent impact across a diverse set of ecosystem processes (e.g., abundance and richness of nursery taxa, flow attenuation). Manipulation of invader abundance revealed both thresholds and saturations in the provisioning of ecosystem functions. Taken together, these findings call into question the focus of traditional invasion research and management that assumes negative effects of nonnatives, and emphasize the need to consider context-dependence and integrative measurements when assessing the impact of an invader, including density dependence, multifunctionality, and the status of native habitat formers. This work supports discussion of the idea that where native foundation species have been lost, invasive habitat formers may be considered as sources of valuable ecosystem functions.

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Howard, Brett R., Daniel Barrios-O’Neill, Mhairi E. Alexander, Jaimie T. A. Dick, Thomas W. Therriault, Tamara B. Robinson, and Isabelle M. Côté. "Functional responses of a cosmopolitan invader demonstrate intraspecific variability in consumer-resource dynamics." PeerJ 6 (September 28, 2018): e5634. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5634.

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Background Variability in the ecological impacts of invasive species across their geographical ranges may decrease the accuracy of risk assessments. Comparative functional response analysis can be used to estimate invasive consumer-resource dynamics, explain impact variability, and thus potentially inform impact predictions. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) has been introduced on multiple continents beyond its native range, although its ecological impacts appear to vary among populations and regions. Our aim was to test whether consumer-resource dynamics under standardized conditions are similarly variable across the current geographic distribution of green crab, and to identify correlated morphological features. Methods Crabs were collected from multiple populations within both native (Northern Ireland) and invasive regions (South Africa and Canada). Their functional responses to local mussels (Mytilus spp.) were tested. Attack rates and handling times were compared among green crab populations within each region, and among regions (Pacific Canada, Atlantic Canada, South Africa, and Northern Ireland). The effect of predator and prey morphology on prey consumption was investigated. Results Across regions, green crabs consumed prey according to a Type II (hyperbolic) functional response curve. Attack rates (i.e., the rate at which a predator finds and attacks prey), handling times and maximum feeding rates differed among regions. There was a trend toward higher attack rates in invasive than in native populations. Green crabs from Canada had lower handling times and thus higher maximum feeding rates than those from South Africa and Northern Ireland. Canadian and Northern Ireland crabs had significantly larger claws than South African crabs. Claw size was a more important predictor of the proportion of mussels killed than prey shell strength. Discussion The differences in functional response between regions reflect observed impacts of green crabs in the wild. This suggests that an understanding of consumer–resource dynamics (e.g., the per capita measure of predation), derived from simple, standardized experiments, might yield useful predictions of invader impacts across geographical ranges.

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Gross, Elisabeth M., Hélène Groffier, Cécile Pestelard, and Andreas Hussner. "Ecology and Environmental Impact of Myriophyllum heterophyllum, an Aggressive Invader in European Waterways." Diversity 12, no. 4 (March 30, 2020): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12040127.

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The submerged evergreen aquatic plant Myriophyllum heterophyllum is among the worst invasive species in Europe, causing severe problems especially in navigation channels but also lentic systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and update on the current distribution and risks associated with this species in Europe and elsewhere. We provide an evaluation of current identification keys since misidentification can underestimate the extent of its spread. In addition, hybridization with other milfoil species has been reported in North America but seems unlikely in Europe. We further describe in detail the ecology, specifically resource requirements and biotic interactions with other plants, herbivores and pathogens as well as the spread potential of the species. Good knowledge of the autecology and synecology of this species should allow some conclusions about environmental factors possibly related to its invasive growth and is mandatory for the preparation of species-specific management measures. Finally, we outline the status of regulations coming into effect in member states of the European Union (EU) and provide an overview of applied and potential management practices.

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Linardich, Christi, Cole B. Brookson, and Stephanie J. Green. "Trait‐based vulnerability reveals hotspots of potential impact for a global marine invader." Global Change Biology 27, no. 18 (June 23, 2021): 4322–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15732.

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Sun, Yan, Heinz Müller-Schärer, and Urs Schaffner. "Plant neighbours rather than soil biota determine impact of an alien plant invader." Functional Ecology 28, no. 6 (June 9, 2014): 1545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12295.

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Kent, Robert B. "The African honeybee in Peru: an insect invader and its impact on beekeeping." Applied Geography 9, no. 4 (October 1989): 237–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(89)90026-x.

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Pinto, Sarah M., and Yvette K. Ortega. "Native species richness buffers invader impact in undisturbed but not disturbed grassland assemblages." Biological Invasions 18, no. 11 (June 29, 2016): 3193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1208-0.

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Mofu, Lubabalo, Ross N. Cuthbert, Tatenda Dalu, Darragh J. Woodford, Ryan J. Wasserman, Jaimie T. A. Dick, and Olaf L. F. Weyl. "Impacts of non-native fishes under a seasonal temperature gradient are forecasted using functional responses and abundances." NeoBiota 49 (August 2, 2019): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.49.34986.

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Developing predictive methods to forecast the impacts of existing and emerging invasive species is of critical importance to biodiversity conservation. However, invader impacts are context-dependent, making reliable and robust predictions challenging. In particular, it is unclear how temporal variabilities in relation to temperature regime shifts influence invader ecological impacts. In the present study, we quantify the functional responses of three coexisting freshwater fishes: the native freshwater River Goby Glossogobiuscallidus, and the non-native Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromismossambicus and Western Mosquitofish Gambusiaaffinis, under two temperature treatments using chironomid larvae as prey. This was used along with fish abundance data to determine temporal differences in ecological impacts of each fish species between seasons (i.e. at two corresponding temperatures). All three fish species exhibited potentially population-destabilizing Type II functional responses. Their maximum feeding rates were consistently higher in the warm temperature treatment, whereas attack rates tended to be reduced. Non-native Mozambique Tilapia had the highest maximum feeding rate under both temperature treatments (18 °C and 25 °C), followed by the non-native Western Mosquitofish and lastly the native River Goby, suggesting greater per capita impacts on native prey by non-native fishes. The predatory fish abundances differed significantly according to season, with native River Goby and non-native Mozambique Tilapia generally more abundant than non-native Western Mosquitofish. By multiplying functional response maximum feeding rates with abundances of each fish species across the seasonal gradient, the relative impact potential of non-native Mozambique Tilapia was consistently higher compared to that of native gobies. Western Mosquitofish impacts were less apparent, owing to their low abundances. We demonstrate how seasonal temperature fluctuations affect the relative impact capacities of introduced species and the utility of consumer functional response and the relative impact potential metric in impact forecasting.

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BACELA-SPYCHALSKA, K., T. RIGAUD, and R. A. WATTIER. "A co-invasive microsporidian parasite that reduces the predatory behaviour of its host Dikerogammarus villosus (Crustacea, Amphipoda)." Parasitology 141, no. 2 (October 18, 2013): 254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182013001510.

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SUMMARYParasites are known to affect the predatory behaviour or diet of their hosts. In relation to biological invasions, parasites may significantly influence the invasiveness of the host population and/or mediate the relationships between the invader and the invaded community. Dikerogammarus villosus, a recently introduced species, has had a major impact in European rivers. Notably, its high position in trophic web and high predatory behaviour, have both facilitated its invasive success, and affected other macroinvertebrate taxa in colonized habitats. The intracellular parasite Cucumispora dikerogammari, specific to D. villosus, has successfully dispersed together with this amphipod. Data presented here have shown that D. villosus infected by this parasite have a reduced predatory behaviour compared with healthy individuals, and are much more active suggesting that the co-invasive parasite may diminish the predatory pressure of D. villosus on newly colonized communities.

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Prass, Marju, Satu Ramula, Miia Jauni, Heikki Setälä, and D. Johan Kotze. "The invasive herb Lupinus polyphyllus can reduce plant species richness independently of local invasion age." Biological Invasions 24, no. 2 (October 28, 2021): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02652-y.

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AbstractThe ecological impacts of invasive species may change or accumulate with time since local invasion, potentially inducing further changes in communities and the abiotic environment. Yet, time since invasion is rarely considered when investigating the ecological impacts of invasive non-native species. To examine the effect of time since invasion on the ecological impacts of Lupinus polyphyllus, a perennial nitrogen-fixing herb, we surveyed vascular plant communities in the presence and absence of L. polyphyllus in young, intermediate, and old semi-natural grassland sites (ca. 5, 10, 15 years representing both time since lupine invasion and plant community age). We analyzed vascular plant community composition, vascular plant species richness, and the cover of various ecological plant groups and L. polyphyllus. In contrast to our hypotheses, we found no change in the mean cover of L. polyphyllus (about 35%) with time since local invasion, and an ordination did not suggest marked changes in plant community composition. L. polyphyllus was associated with lower species richness in invaded plant communities but this effect did not change with time since invasion. Invaded plant communities were also associated with lower occurrence of generalist, oligotrophic (low-nutrient-adapted) and copiotrophic (nutrient-demanding) species but no temporal dynamics were detected. We conclude that even the intermediate cover of L. polyphyllus can reduce plant species richness, but the ecological impact caused by this invader might not dramatically change or accumulate with time since invasion.

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Lee, Donna J., Damian C. Adams, and Frederick Rossi. "Optimal Management of a Potential Invader: The Case of Zebra Mussels in Florida." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 39, s1 (October 2007): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800028959.

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Dominant users of Lake Okeechobee water resources are agricultural producers and recreational anglers These uses will be directly affected, should the lake become infested with zebra mussels. We employ a probabilistic bioeconomic simulation model to estimate the potential impact of zebra mussels on consumptive water uses, recreational angling, and wetland ecosystem services under alternative public management scenarios. Without public management, the expected net economic impact from zebra mussels is –$244.1 million over 20 years. Public investment in prevention and eradication will yield a net expected gain of +$188.7 million, a superior strategy to either prevention or eradication alone.

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Haubrock, Phillip J., Paride Balzani, Shin-Ichiro S. Matsuzaki, Ali Serhan Tarkan, Melina Kourantidou, and Peter Haase. "Spatio-temporal niche plasticity of a freshwater invader as a harbinger of impact variability." Science of The Total Environment 777 (July 2021): 145947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145947.

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Noonburg, Erik G., and James E. Byers. "MORE HARM THAN GOOD: WHEN INVADER VULNERABILITY TO PREDATORS ENHANCES IMPACT ON NATIVE SPECIES." Ecology 86, no. 10 (October 2005): 2555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-0143.

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Kemp, Justin S., Feng Tang, and David C. Aldridge. "Quantifying invader impact: Applying functional response metrics to a rapidly spreading non-native species." Freshwater Biology 63, no. 12 (September 12, 2018): 1514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13180.

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Gooden, Ben, Kris French, Peter J. Turner, and Paul O. Downey. "Impact threshold for an alien plant invader, Lantana camara L., on native plant communities." Biological Conservation 142, no. 11 (November 2009): 2631–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2009.06.012.

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Rascher, Katherine G., Christine Hellmann, Cristina Máguas, and Christiane Werner. "Community scale 15N isoscapes: tracing the spatial impact of an exotic N2-fixing invader." Ecology Letters 15, no. 5 (March 12, 2012): 484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01761.x.

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Baughman, Owen W., and Susan E. Meyer. "Is Pyrenophora semeniperda the Cause of Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Die-offs?" Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, no. 1 (March 2013): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00043.1.

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AbstractDowny brome (cheatgrass) is a highly successful, exotic, winter annual invader in semi-arid western North America, forming near-monocultures across many landscapes. A frequent but poorly understood phenomenon in these heavily invaded areas is periodic ‘die-off’ or complete stand failure. The fungal pathogen Pyrenophora semeniperda is abundant in cheatgrass seed banks and causes high mortality. To determine whether this pathogen could be responsible for stand failure, we quantified late spring seed banks in die-off areas and adjacent cheatgrass stands at nine sites. Seed bank analysis showed that this pathogen was not a die-off causal agent at those sites. We determined that seed bank sampling and litter data could be used to estimate time since die-off. Seed bank patterns in our recent die-offs indicated that the die-off causal agent does not significantly impact seeds in the persistent seed bank.

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Riley, Leslie, Mark Dybdahl, and Robert Hall, Jr. "Invasive Species Impact: Direct and Indirect Interactions Between Two Stream Snails and Their Algal Resources." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 28 (January 1, 2004): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2004.3577.

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We measured the strength of direct and indirect interactions in order to develop a standardized estimate of the impact of an invasive snail on its resource and a competitor. The freshwater New Zealand snail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum, an invasive species in the western U.S., is the most abundant benthic macroinvertebrate grazer in several rivers, where it overlaps with several threatened endemic snails. In one watershed, Potamopyrgus coexists with the snail, Pyrgulopsis robusta, which may be affected by resource competition with Potamopyrgus. In field enclosure experiments, we quantified the direct grazing effect of snails on algae and the indirect effects between consumers. Potamopyrgus significantly limited growth of Pyrgulopsis. In contrast, Pyrgulopsis appeared to facilitate growth of the invasive snail (Potamopyrgus). In natural populations, snail densities were positively correlated over five sites, but negatively correlated at two downstream sites. Interaction strengths between snails and algae were equivalent for both snails at both sites, indicating that invasion success could not be attributed to differences in resource acquisition. However, the overall impact of the invader was much higher at the downstream site when both snail abundance and interaction strengths were considered. Negative individual effects of Potamopyrgus at two trophic levels in conjunction with high Potamopyrgus abundance demonstrated a significant impact of the invader in this lotic community.

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Korell, Lotte, Martin Schädler, Roland Brandl, Susanne Schreiter, and Harald Auge. "Release from Above- and Belowground Insect Herbivory Mediates Invasion Dynamics and Impact of an Exotic Plant." Plants 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120544.

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The enemy-release hypothesis is one of the most popular but also most discussed hypotheses to explain invasion success. However, there is a lack of explicit, experimental tests of predictions of the enemy-release hypothesis (ERH), particularly regarding the effects of above- and belowground herbivory. Long-term studies investigating the relative effect of herbivores on invasive vs. native plant species within a community are still lacking. Here, we report on a long-term field experiment in an old-field community, invaded by Solidago canadensis s. l., with exclusion of above- and belowground insect herbivores. We monitored population dynamics of the invader and changes in the diversity and functioning of the plant community across eight years. Above- and belowground insects favoured the establishment of the invasive plant species and thereby increased biomass and decreased diversity of the plant community. Effects of invertebrate herbivores on population dynamics of S. canadensis appeared after six years and increased over time, suggesting that long-term studies are needed to understand invasion dynamics and consequences for plant community structure. We suggest that the release from co-evolved trophic linkages is of importance not only for the effect of invasive species on ecosystems, but also for the functioning of novel species assemblages arising from climate change.

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Żbikowska, Elżbieta. "One snail – three Digenea species, different strategies in host-parasite interaction." Animal Biology 61, no. 1 (2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075511x554383.

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AbstractThe mostly lab-based studies on snail-trematode interactions should be complemented by research on naturally invaded hosts. In this mini-review, three different ways of snail exploitation by Digenea larvae are presented. Morphological, physiological and behavioral changes caused by three parasites in the same naturally infected host – Lymnaea stagnalis – differ in species-dependent fashion. The impact of a snail-trematode interaction depends on parasite virulence (i.e. parasite induced lost of fitness of the host). The pathogenicity varies with the survival strategy of the invader. Sporocyst-born Plagiorchis elegans, which uses the same Lymnaea stagnalis individual as a first but also as a second intermediate host, does not disturb host processes as strongly as redia-born Echinoparyphium aconiatum. The third parasite species – Diplostomum pseudospathaceum, also sporocyst-born – is more virulent than P. elegans, but it can modify and relax host exploitation to overwinter in the snail. The data presented demonstrate that successful use of first intermediate host can be arranged in different ways.

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Gaillard, M., N. Pernet, C. Vogne, O. Hagenbuchle, and J. R. van der Meer. "Host and invader impact of transfer of the clc genomic island into Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 19 (April 30, 2008): 7058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801269105.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Invader impact'

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