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1
Du, Mei, Yijun Hou, Po Hu, and Kai Wang. "Effects of Typhoon Paths on Storm Surge and Coastal Inundation in the Pearl River Estuary, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 8, 2020): 1851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111851.
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A coastal inundation simulation system was developed for the coast of the Pearl River estuary (PRE), which consists of an assimilation typhoon model and the coupled ADCIRC (Advanced Circulation) + SWAN (Simulating Waves Nearshore) model. The assimilation typhoon model consists of the Holland model and the analysis products of satellite images. This is the first time an assimilation typhoon model has been implemented and tested for coastal inundation via case studies. The simulation results of the system agree well with the real measurements. Three observed typhoon paths (Hope, Nida, and Hato) were chosen to be the studied paths based on their positions relative to the PRE, China. By comparing the results of experiments with different forcing fields, we determined that the storm surge and the coastal inundation were mainly induced by wind forcing. By simulating coastal inundation for different typhoon center speeds, the Hato3 path most easily causes coastal inundation in the PRE. Moreover, the moving speed of the typhoon’s center significantly affects the coastal inundation in the PRE. The inundation becomes very serious as the movement of the typhoon center was slow down. This study provides a new reference for future predictions of coastal inundations.
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Sheng, Y. Peter, Kun Yang, and Vladimir A. Paramygin. "Predicting compound coastal inundation in 2100 by considering the joint probabilities of landfalling tropical cyclones and sea-level rise." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 044055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac50d1.
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Abstract In the twenty-first century, the effects of sea-level rise (SLR) and more intense tropical cyclones (TCs) are increasing compound coastal inundation worldwide. To facilitate the adaptation efforts being made by coastal communities, here, we use a coastal surge-wave model together with a novel statistical approach to incorporate the six joint probability density functions (PDFs) of five landfall TC parameters and SLR values, instead of the traditional five-parameter approach, which considers the five PDFs of TCs with prescribed SLR values as boundary conditions. The five-parameter approach determines the 1% annual chance of coastal inundation by conducting numerous sets of surge-wave simulations, each for a different SLR scenario, for the future TC ensemble. The six-parameter approach, however, uses a future TC and SLR ensemble to conduct only one set of surge-wave simulations without the subjective selection of an SLR scenario, and is much less uncertain and much more efficient. In this paper, we focus on the 1% risk of inundation in a large coastal flood plain in southwest Florida by incorporating intensifying TCs and accelerating SLR under a representative concentration pathway 8.5 climate scenario in 2100. The 1% risk of inundation determined by the six-parameter approach is comparable to that obtained from the traditional approach forced with the expected SLR value in 2100. The total inundation volume, total inundation area, average inundation height, and maximum inundation height are expected to dramatically increase by (5.7, 2.4, 2.6, and 2.5) times, respectively, compared to their 1982–2009 values. The coastal inundations caused by TCs and SLR are found to interact nonlinearly over the coastal flood plain. Near the coast, TCs account for 70%–80% of the total 1% inundation risk for 1 m of SLR and 30%–70% for 2 m of SLR. Therefore, future inundation analyses must consider TCs and their nonlinear interaction with SLR-induced inundation. These findings will inform local communities and help them to develop coastal adaptation plans.
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Weiss, Robert, Andrew James Munoz, Robert A. Dalrymple, Alexis Herault, and Giuseppe Bilotta. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODELING OF LONG-WAVE RUNUP: SIMULATION OF TSUNAMI INUNDATION WITH GPU-SPHYSICS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 27, 2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.currents.8.
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Tsunamis need to be studied more carefully and quantitatively to fully understand their destructive impact on coastal areas. Numerical modeling provides an accurate and useful method to model tsunami inundations on a coastline. However, models must undergo a detailed verification and validation process to be used as an accurate hazard assessment tool. Using standards and procedures given by NOAA, a new code in hydrodynamic modeling called GPU-SPHysics can be verified and validated for use as a tsunami inundation model. GPU-SPHysics is a meshless, Lagrangian code that utilizes the computing power of the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to calculate high resolution hydrodynamic simulations using the equations given by Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH). GPU-SPHysics has proven to be an accurate tool in modeling complex tsunami inundations, such as the inundation on a conical island, when tested against extensive laboratory data.
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Niroshinie, M. A. C., Yasuo Nihei, Kazuaki Ohtsuki, and Shoji Okada. "Flood Inundation Analysis and Mitigation with a Coupled 1D-2D Hydraulic Model: A Case Study in Kochi, Japan." Journal of Disaster Research 10, no. 6 (December 1, 2015): 1099–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p1099.
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Coupled one and two-dimensional (1D-2D) hydraulic models play a significant role in analyzing flooding problems to find possible solutions as they can reproduce the actual situations relatively accurately. This paper summarizes approaches to flood inundation analysis and mitigation with coupled 1D-2D hydraulic models of a small mountain watershed in Japan. A detailed flood inundation model including the effects of drainages, pumping, inflow from mountain sub-watersheds and flood gates is developed using coupled 1D-2D hydraulic models. The model is applied to the inundation in Kubokawa, a small town in Kochi Prefecture, Japan on August 9-10, 2014. Simulated and observed maximum water levels along the river and maximum inundations in the flood plain are compared and found to be consistent. Causes of the flooding and percentage of contribution are quantitatively identified, and countermeasures to reduce the effects of flooding are proposed.
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Tudor, Mihaela, Ana Ramos-Pereira, and Pedro J. M. Costa. "A Possible Tsunami Deposit Associated to the CE 1755 Lisbon Earthquake on the Western Coast of Portugal." Geosciences 10, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10070257.
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The CE 1755 Lisbon tsunami was the largest historical tsunami to affect the Atlantic coasts of Europe and North Africa. This study presents the results obtained from the application of different sedimentological techniques (e.g., grain size, morphoscopy, microtextural analysis, geochemistry, radiocarbon dating) on sediments retrieved from the Alcabrichel River alluvial plain (of about 500 m far away from its mouth and approximatively 50 km northwest of Lisbon, Portugal). The results allowed the identification of a sandy layer that was associated with the CE 1755 tsunami. Furthermore, a new microtextural semi-quantitative classification was applied to enhance the identification of extreme marine inundation deposits. Based on sedimentological data, three different tsunami inundation phases were identified, including two inundations and a likely backwash. This innovative work offers physical evidence of the spatial presence of the CE 1755 tsunami event on the western coast of Europe. It also enables a reconstruction of tsunami inundation dynamics, with two flooding waves and an interspersed backwash.
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Kyaw, Kay Khaing, Federica Bonaiuti, Huimin Wang, Stefano Bagli, Paolo Mazzoli, Pier Paolo Alberoni, Simone Persiano, and Attilio Castellarin. "Fast-Processing DEM-Based Urban and Rural Inundation Scenarios from Point-Source Flood Volumes." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (January 19, 2024): 875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020875.
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Flooding has always been a huge threat to human society. Global climate change coupled with unsustainable regional planning and urban development may cause more frequent inundations and, consequently, higher societal and economic losses. In order to characterize floods and reduce flood risk, flood simulation tools have been developed and widely applied. Hydrodynamic models for inundation simulation are generally sophisticated, yet they normally require massive setup and computational costs. In contrast, simplified conceptual models may be more easily applied and efficient. Based on the Hierarchical Filling-and-Spilling or Puddle-to-Puddle Dynamic Filling-and-Spilling Algorithms (i.e., HFSAs), Safer_RAIN has been developed as a fast-processing DEM-based model for modelling pluvial flooding over large areas. This study assesses Safer_RAIN applicability outside the context for which it was originally developed by looking at two different inundation problems with point-source flooding volumes: (1) rural inundation modelling associated with levee breaching/overtopping; (2) urban flooding caused by drainage systems outflow volumes.
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Nguyen, Jane, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Coastal Inundation Hazard Assessment in Australian Tropical Cyclone Prone Regions." Hydrology 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2023): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology10120228.
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One of the hazards associated with tropical cyclones (TCs) is a storm surge, which leads to coastal inundation and often results in loss of life and damage to infrastructure. In this study, we used GIS-based bathtub models and tide-gauge-derived water levels to assess coastal inundation scenarios for the landfall region of TC Debbie. The three scenarios modelled what could have happened if the TC’s maximum storm surge had coincided with the maximum storm tide for that day, month, or TC season, where the water levels were determined through analysis of tide gauge data, using a new method called the variable enhanced Bathtub Model. Additionally, this study analysed the impact of excluding the correction of water levels with the Australian Height Datum. Our study found that between the least and most severe scenarios, with the input water-level difference for the model along the coastline being 0.43 m, the observed inundation depth of the analysed populated region increased from 0.25 m to 1 m. Ultimately, it was found that in the worst-case scenario, the study region could have experienced coastal inundation 0.63 m higher than it did, inundating 72.53 km2 of the coast. The results of this study support the consensus that coastal inundation is highly dependent on the characteristics of the terrain, and that coastal inundation modelling, such as that completed in this study, needs to be performed to better inform decision makers and communities of the potential impacts of TC-induced storm surges.
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Hashimoto, Noriaki, Masaki Yokota, Masaru Yamashiro, Yukihiro Kinashi, Yoshihiko Ide, and Mitsuyoshi Kodama. "Numerical Simulations of Storm-Surge Inundation Along Innermost Coast of Ariake Sea Based on Past Violent Typhoons." Journal of Disaster Research 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 1221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2016.p1221.
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The Ariake Sea has Japan’s largest tidal range – up to six meters. Given previous Ariake Sea disasters caused by storm surges and high waves, it is considered highly likely that the bay’s innermost coast will be damaged by typhoon-triggered storm surges. Concern with increased storm-surge-related disasters is associated with rising sea levels and increasing typhoon intensity due to global warming. As increasingly more potentially disastrous typhoons cross the area, preventing coastal disasters has become increasingly important. The first step toward doing so is damage prediction, which requires numerical simulation. Our study considers the tracks of typhoons considerably influencing the Ariake Sea. To examine storm-surge risk related to both inundation area and process, we calculated storm surges inundating the Sea’s innermost coastal area using an improved ocean-flow finite-volume coastal ocean model. Results showed that enhanced storm surges were to be anticipated and that inundation areas could be extensive where typhoons followed a route from west to northeast across the Sea. We also found that even under current climatic conditions, typhoons able to cause significant storm-surge and inundation disasters could adversely affect the Bay’s innermost coastal area. Our analysis of this area and process indicated that the inundation extent around the bay’s innermost coast varies with the typhoon, confirming the importance of determining typhoon routes triggering the potentially greatest inundation damage.
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McPhee, Jack J., Peter Freewater, William Gladstone, Margaret E. Platell, and Maria J. Schreider. "Glassfish switch feeding from thalassinid larvae to crab zoeae after tidal inundation of saltmarsh." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 11 (2015): 1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14202.
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Saltmarsh-dwelling grapsid crabs release free-swimming larvae (i.e. zoeae) into ebbing tides during spring-tide cycles that inundate saltmarshes, where initial inundation is a cue for larval release on subsequent inundations. In a saltmarsh environment, crab zoeae are the main food for fish (including the glassfish, Ambassis jacksoniensis), which ‘fast’ at other times. This saltmarsh-feeding model was tested by obtaining glassfish from near saltmarshes in a reasonably unmodified tributary of a large temperate estuary on flood and ebb tides during the night in two spring-tide events in austral autumn of 2009. Glassfish fed only on ebbing tides, with stomachs being similarly full on both spring-tide events. Thalassinid larvae (including Trypaea australiensis) dominated the dietary volumes, especially on the night before saltmarsh inundation, presumably being released during inundation of intertidal mud and sand habitats. Although glassfish progressively ‘switched’ to feeding on greater volumes of crab zoeae (presumably released after inundation of a saltmarsh) over both spring-tide cycles, such zoeal contributions never exceeded those of thalassinid larvae. The above differences highlight that, although ebb tides trigger feeding by glassfish, this ambassid focuses on different prey in a reasonably unmodified environment. The ability of glassfish to switch prey, and thus accommodate environmental differences, helps explain their high abundance in estuaries of this region.
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Kihara, Naoto, Taro Arikawa, Masashi Watanabe, Hideki Kaida, Fumiya Murase, Koshu Kise, Kaori Nagai, and Toshiharu Miyauchi. "PHYSICAL MODEL OF TSUNAMI-LOADS ON A SEASIDE BUILDING ARRAY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.currents.2.
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The devastating damage to buildings and infrastructure caused by the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake and tsunami highlighted the importance of evaluating tsunami impacts in areas at risk of tsunami inundation for disaster prevention and mitigation. Evaluation technologies have been vigorously researched and developed over the past decade. A wide variety of numerical models exist that can potentially be applied to evaluate tsunami impacts. Furthermore, several either theoretical or empirical models to evaluate tsunami impacts, such as evaluation models of debris impact force and tsunami wave pressure, have been proposed. To validate these numerical and evaluation models, both experimental and theoretical benchmark tests have been conducted (e.g., Horrillo et al., 2015). Most of these tests have been conducted to validate models of tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation. However, the number of benchmark tests to validate tsunami loads are limited, and especially, those for complex terrains are rare. In this study, as a benchmark test to validate modeling of tsunami inundation and wave pressure, hydraulic experiments of tsunami inundations were conducted over a seaside area model, in which building arrays were installed. The inundation depth, velocity, and pressure were numerically predicted for the condition of the benchmark test, and then compared with the measured data for validation.
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Li, Linlin, Jie Yang, Chuan-Yao Lin, Constance Ting Chua, Yu Wang, Kuifeng Zhao, Yun-Ta Wu, et al. "Field survey of Typhoon Hato (2017) and a comparison with storm surge modeling in Macau." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 3167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-3167-2018.
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Abstract. On 23 August 2017 a Category 3 hurricane, Typhoon Hato, struck southern China. Among the hardest hit cities, Macau experienced the worst flooding since 1925. In this paper, we present a high-resolution survey map recording inundation depths and distances at 278 sites in Macau. We show that one-half of the Macau Peninsula was inundated, with the extent largely confined by the hilly topography. The Inner Harbor area suffered the most, with a maximum inundation depth of 3.1 m at the coast. Using a combination of numerical models, we simulate and reproduce this typhoon and storm surge event. We further investigate the effects of tidal level and sea level rise on coastal inundations in Macau during the landfall of a “Hato-like” event.
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WANG, XIAOMING, and PHILIP L. F. LIU. "NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE 2004 INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMIS — COASTAL EFFECTS." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 01, no. 03 (September 2007): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179343110700016x.
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The 2004 Sumatra earthquake and the associated tsunamis are one of the most devastating natural disasters in the last century. The tsunamis flooded a huge coastal area in the surrounding countries, especially in Indonesia, Thailand and Sri Lanka, and caused enormous loss of human lives and properties. In this paper, tsunami inundations in Trincomalee, Sri Lanka and North Banda Aceh, Indonesia were simulated by using a finite-difference model based on nonlinear shallow-water equations. The calculated tsunami heights and inundations in these two regions are compared with the field measurements and observations. Fairly good agreement is observed. Numerical results confirm again that the local bathymetric and topographic characteristics play important roles in determining the inundation area. Numerical simulations further indicate that although nonlinearity becomes important in many dynamic aspects when tsunamis approach the shore, its influence on determining the inundation area is relatively small in the regions examined for this tsunami event. Finally, the potential capability of sediment transport and a force index on a virtual structure in flooded areas are introduced and discussed.
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Kusumawardhani, Ari, Dwita Sutjiningsih, and Evi Anggraheni. "Effectivity of micro drainage system as part of macro drainage system: A case study of Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 04021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927604021.
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Flooding is one of the problems that Jakarta faces every year. To handle the issue, the government took action to build the East Flood Canal. The canal construction is expected to reduce flooding, especially in the east and north region of Jakarta. However, the construction did not make the area immediately free of flood risk. Previous study (Susanti, 2017) showed that even with the existence of the East Flood Canal, potential inundations may still happen, specifically in the Cakung Lama area. In 2017, there were still several inundation points in the Sunter area, especially in Kelapa Gading. This research aims to identify the cause of inundations in the area by evaluating channel capacity in the micro drainage system in Kelapa Gading using hydrological model HEC-RAS 4.1.0 and WinTR. The simulation results showed that several channels in the system cannot accommodate the inflow, hence causing inundation in some areas in the Kelapa Gading area. According to the simulation results, it can be concluded that the micro drainage system in Kelapa Gading is not effective to accommodate the inflow.
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Al Kindhi, Berlian, Umboro Lasminto, Masca Indra Triana, Satria Damarnegara, and Sreenatha G. Anavatti. "Sensor and internet of things based integrated inundation mitigation for smart city." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 13, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 2695. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v13i3.pp2695-2703.
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<span lang="EN-US">Flooding is a natural phenomenon that often occurs in tropical countries. Drainage design is one of the efforts to prevent floods, however, when the rainfall is high, there are still several inundation points that occur. This requires comprehensive handling to reduce the impact of these inundations, to get an adaptive solution, the use of internet of things based (IoT) tools is one of the alternatives proposed. This study proposes an IoT-based flood inundation monitoring system, which includes a water level reader, a web-based inundation monitoring system, a flood inundation area and depth reporting system as evaluation materials for the government city. The sensor module that we propose is a series of sensors in a hollow cylinder design to reduce water ripples. The server application is displayed in the form of an interactive area mapping which is divided into 4 layers for 4 different analyzes so that central officers can quickly coordinate with field officers to carry out mitigation actions in the affected area. The module requires a low cost and easy installation process compared to a liquid sensor, besides that the display in the form of a web makes it easier for officers to access monitoring applications anywhere compared to geographic information system based (GIS) applications. This research has been carried out and tested in one of the major cities in Indonesia.</span>
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Barclay, Hugh J., Imre S. Otvos, and Alan J. Thomson. "MODELS OF PERIODIC INUNDATION OF PARASITOIDS FOR PEST CONTROL." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 6 (June 1985): 705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent117705-6.
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AbstractSeveral host–parasitoid models were examined to assess the feasibility of parasitoid inundation as a means of pest control or eradication. The approach is comparative, to assess independently the effects of various ecological factors on the ease of control by this means. For most of the models, there exists a critical inundation rate, I*, above which the host population is eradicated, provided inundative releases continue beyond the time of eradication. The existence of density-dependent mortality in the hosts reduces the time to eradication but does not affect I*. Density dependence in the parasitoids, however, usually increases I*. The existence of hyperparasitoids appears to have no effect on the ease of host eradication.
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Wang, Jhih-Huang, Gwo-Fong Lin, and Bing-Chen Jhong. "Effective real-time forecasting of inundation maps for early warning systems during typhoons." MATEC Web of Conferences 147 (2018): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814703014.
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Accurate forecasts of hourly inundation depths are essential for inundation warning and mitigation during typhoons. In this paper, an effective forecasting model is proposed to yield 1- to 6-h lead-time inundation maps for early warning systems during typhoons. The proposed model based on Support Vector Machine (SVM) is composed of two modules, point forecasting and spatial expansion. In the first module, the rainfall intensity, inundation depth, cumulative rainfall and forecasted inundation depths are considered as model input for point forecasting. In the second module, the geographic information of inundation grids and the inundation forecasts of reference points are used to yield inundation maps for spatial expansion. The results show that the proposed model is able to provide accurate point forecasts at each inundation point. Moreover, the spatial expansion module is capable of producing accurate spatial inundation forecasts. Obviously, the proposed model provides reasonable spatial inundation forecasts, and is able to deal with the nonlinear relationships between inputs and desired output. In conclusion, the proposed model is suitable and useful for inundation forecasting.
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Awadallah, Mahmoud Omer Mahmoud, Ana Juárez, and Knut Alfredsen. "Comparison between Topographic and Bathymetric LiDAR Terrain Models in Flood Inundation Estimations." Remote Sensing 14, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14010227.
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Remotely sensed LiDAR data has allowed for more accurate flood map generation through hydraulic simulations. Topographic and bathymetric LiDARs are the two types of LiDAR used, of which the former cannot penetrate water bodies while the latter can. Usually, the topographic LiDAR is more available than bathymetric LiDAR, and it is, therefore, a very interesting data source for flood mapping. In this study, we made comparisons between flood inundation maps from several flood scenarios generated by the HEC-RAS 2D model for 11 sites in Norway using both bathymetric and topographic terrain models. The main objective is to investigate the accuracy of the flood inundations generated from the plain topographic LiDAR, the links of the inaccuracies with geomorphic features, and the potential of using corrections for missing underwater geometry in the topographic LiDAR data to improve accuracy. The results show that the difference in inundation between topographic and bathymetric LiDAR models decreases with increasing the flood size, and this trend was found to be correlated with the amount of protection embankments in the reach. In reaches where considerable embankments are constructed, the difference between the inundations increases until the embankments are overtopped and then returns to the general trend. In addition, the magnitude of the inundation error was found to correlate positively with the sinuosity and embankment coverage and negatively with the angle of the bank. Corrections were conducted by modifying the flood discharge based on the flight discharge of the topographic LiDAR or by correcting the topographic LiDAR terrain based on the volume of the flight discharge, where the latter method generally gave better improvements.
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Purwanto, Ajun, and Paiman. "Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) as a Model for Rapid Flood Inundation Mapping Based on Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems in the Kapuas Sintang Sub Watershed." Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA 9, no. 8 (August 25, 2023): 5899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i8.3037.
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This study aims to map the flood inundation and the extent of the inundation in the study area using the HAND model. The data used in this study is DEM. The DEM is used to generate a hydrologic framework, including flow accumulation, drainage network, flow direction, elevation, and flow distance. The method used in this study is the HAND descriptor. The analysis in this study used spatial hydrological analysis and hypsometric analysis using zonal statistical tables in ArcGIS. Based on the results of the analysis of height above the nearest drainage it is known that the Kapuas Sintang sub-watershed has five classes of inundation, namely very high inundation, high inundation, moderate inundation, low inundation, and no inundation. Very high, high, and moderate inundation classes are spread over three sub-districts, namely Sintang, Dedai, and Tempunak sections. Sintang District has the widest distribution, followed by Dedai District and Tempunak District is the narrowest. Prediction of inundation area and flood area with HAND can be used to improve the new mapping model without involving additional data sources. The HAND model is a nice and simple tool that is useful for inundation studies as well as in inundation area prediction.
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Rachmawati, Diah, Maryani _, and Winda Adipuri Ramadaningrum dan Ika Nugrahaning Pratiwi. "GROWTH AND AERENCHYMA FORMATION OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) CV. IR64 AND INPARA 5 AT DIFFERENT INUNDATION CONDITIONS." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 1 (September 20, 2015): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i1.172.
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<p>Global climate change leads to changes in rainfall patterns, making it difficult to predict the occurrence of drought or flooding. Flooding had a negative impact on the rice growth. The objectives of this research were to study growth and aerenchyma formation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. IR64 and Inpara 5 at different inundation conditions. This research was conducted in the greenhouse, Faculty of Biology, UGM from March to December 2012. Experiment design used was completely randomized design with factorial pattern of depth and period of inundation. Depth of inundation consists of 4 levels: T0 = 0 cm, T1 = 4 cm, T2 = 8 cm, and T3 = 12 cm from the soil surface, while the period of inundation consists of 3 levels, i.e. P1 = 10 days inundation on the vegetative phase, P2 = 10 days inundation on the reproductive phase, and P3 = 10 days inundation on the vegetative and reproductive phase. The parameters observed were plant height, flowering time, soluble sugar and starch content in leaf, root anatomical structure. Data analysis was carried out by ANOVA and the differences between treatments were compared using DMRT at significancy level of 95%. The results showed that IR64 and Inpara 5 respond differently to inundation. Depth of inundation had no effect on plant height of both IR64 and Inpara 5, while the inundation period showed a significant effect on plant height of Inpara 5. Inundation at vegetative phase increased plant height of Inpara 5. Both IR64 and Inpara 5, depth of inundation increased number of tillers and root aerenchyma formation, whereas period of inundation had no effect. Inundation treatment caused earlier flowering and stabilized soil pH. Starch content in leaf of Inpara 5 increased with inundation, while in IR64 decreased. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong> : growth, aerenchyma, inundation, Inpara 5, starch</p>
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Wang, Jie, Bensheng Huang, and Fuming Wang. "Extraction and Classification of Flood-Affected Areas Based on MRF and Deep Learning." Water 15, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 1288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15071288.
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Floods can cause huge damage to society, the economy, and the environment. As a result, it is vital to determine the extent and type of land cover in flooded areas quickly and accurately in order to facilitate disaster relief and mitigation efforts. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an all-weather, 24 h data source used to extract information about flood inundations, and its primary aim is to extract water body information for flood monitoring. In this study, we have studied the backscattering characteristics of water and non-water, combined the threshold segmentation method with Markov random fields (MRF), and embedded simulated annealing (SA) in the process of image noise reduction, resulting in the development of a water extraction method KI-MRF-SA with high accuracy in classification and high automation. Furthermore, object-scale adaptive convolutional neural networks (OSA-CNN) are introduced for the classification of optical images before the flood in order to provide reference data for flood inundation analysis. The method proposed in this study consists of the following three steps: (1) The Kittler and Illingworth (KI) thresholding algorithm is used for the segmentation of SAR images in order to determine the initial flood inundation extent; (2) MRF and SA algorithms are employed as a means to optimize the initial flood inundation extent, and the results are combined across multiple polarizations by using an intersection operation to determine the final flood inundation extent; and (3) As part of the flood mapping process, land cover types before the flood are classified using OSA-CNN and combined with flood inundation extents. According to the experimental results, it is evident that the proposed KI-MRF-SA method is capable of distinguishing water from non-water with significantly higher accuracy (3–5% improvement in the overall accuracy) than conventional thresholding methods. Combined with the classification method of OSA-CNN proposed in our earlier research, the overall classification accuracy of flood-affected areas could reach 92.7%.
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Achmad, Basir, Faisal, and Suhartati. "Accelerating the Height Increase of Mersawa (Anisoptera marginata) Seedlings through Inundation Height with and without Water Treatments." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 12, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl.v12i2.871.
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Deforestation on peatlands in Indonesia has become an important issue. To restore the peatland condition, planting native tree species such as mersawa (Anisoptera marginata) is required. One of the problems with planting is the frequent occurrence of inundation at planting sites. The study aimed to analyze the inundation height, which accelerated the height increase of mersawa seedlings in acid or neutral water conditions. The method used was experimental research with a factorial completely randomized design. Factors studied were inundation height, consisting of without inundation, inundation at polybag height, inundation between the tips of the polybags and the apices of the plants, and inundation reaching the apices of the plants. The water composition consisted of peat swamp water, peat swamp water mixed with boiler ash from palm oil mill, and peat swamp water mixed with dolomite lime. The treatment of inundation between the tips of the polybags and the apices of the plants led to the highest height growth, while the lowest were the seedlings without inundation. The interaction between the inundation height and the water composition had a survival percentage of 100%, while the seedlings inundated up to the seedling apices with water treatments had a survival rate of 16%. Keywords: Anisoptera marginata, inundation, peat swamp water, seedling growth
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Seon Uk, Baek, Kim Dong Hyun, Lee Ha Neul, Lee Joon Hak, and Kim Soo Jun. "Selection of Inundation Vulnerable Areas Using the Risk Assessment: Case Study for Busan Near Urban Watershed and Coast." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 19, no. 11 (December 30, 2023): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/crisisonomy.2023.19.11.47.
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Recently, inundation damage in urban areas is increasing due to frequent heavy rain during the flood season. In this study, an IBA inundation risk assessment was performed for the 16 cities, counties and districts in Busan, where inundation damage frequently occurs due to heavy rain in the summer. In the risk assessment process, four evaluation items(Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, and Capacity) were established through detailed indicators that directly and indirectly affect inundation from 2019 to 2021. Also, normalization and entropy weight method were applied to each detailed indicator. Afterwards, the inundation risk index was calculated using the euclidean distance, and changes in the inundation risk of each city, county and district were confirmed by year using the inundation risk index. As a result, Haeundae-gu and Busanjin-gu were selected as inundation vulnerable areas in Busan. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data in the process of establishing complementary measures establishment for flood disaster(inundation) in Busan in the future.
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Yang, Ting, Zhigang Sun, and Lulu Jiang. "A Novel Index for Daily Flood Inundation Retrieval from CYGNSS Measurements." Remote Sensing 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15020524.
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Since flood inundation hampers human life and the economy, flood inundation retrieval with high temporal resolution and accuracy is essential for the projection of the environmental impact. In this study, a novel cyclone global navigation satellite system (CYGNSS)-based index, named the annual threshold flood inundation index (ATFII) for flood inundation retrieval, is proposed, and the grades of flood inundation are quantified. First, the CYGNSS surface reflectivity with land surface properties (i.e., vegetation and surface roughness) calibration is derived based on the zeroth-order radiative transfer model. Then, an index named ATFII is proposed to achieve inundation retrieval, and the inundation grades are classified. The results are validated with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) flood product and GPM precipitation data. The validation results between ATFII and GPM precipitation indicate that the ATFII enables flood inundation retrieval at rapid timescales and quantifies the inundation variation grades. Likewise, for monthly results, the R value between the VIIRS flood product and ATFII varies from 0.51 to 0.64, with an acceptable significance level (p < 0.05). The study makes contributions in two aspects: (1) it provides an index-based method for mapping daily flood inundation on a large scale, with the advantages of fast speed and convenience, and (2) it provides a new way to derive inundation grade variations, which can help in studying the behavior of inundation in response to environmental impacts directly.
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Marfai, Muh. "Impact of coastal inundation on ecology and agricultural land use case study in central Java, Indonesia." Quaestiones Geographicae 30, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10117-011-0024-y.
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Impact of coastal inundation on ecology and agricultural land use case study in central Java, Indonesia Focusing on the regional scale, this study provides information concerning the existing ecological problems associated with coastal inundation in the northern part of coastal area in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The objectives of this paper are to map the coastal inundation, to investigate the impact of coastal inundation on coastal environment and ecology, and to assess the impact of inundation on agricultural land use. An integration of techniques, namely neighborhood analysis, iteration operation, and superimposed analysis method has been applied to generate the digital map and to analyze the impact of inundation. Fieldwork measurement has been done using cross-profiling in order to observe the impact of inundation on the coastal ecosystem. Based on the scenario of 100 cm and 150 cm of inundation, the affected area is about 15 207.6 Ha and 16 687.31 Ha, respectively. Fishpond, dry farming and paddy field are the most affected agricultural areas due to coastal inundation.
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Purnawan, Vera Surtia Bachtiart, and Titi Kurniati. "Prediction of tsunami inundation impact in Padang city." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015604004.
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Sumatera Barat has predicted by experts will be hit by earthquake due to subduction of Indo-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates, this earthquake would result tsunami that will hit Padang city. The tsunami will cause inundation in the several areas of city near the coast. The area of tsunami inundation in Padang city has predicted by expert, this prediction result is displayed on a tsunami inundation map. This paper discusses the impact of tsunami inundation on housing and public facilities in those areas, this result could be used to prepare evacuation planning. The method of study, is by identification of impact tsunami inundation on housing and public facilities. This is carried out with superimpose of tsunami inundation map to Padang city map, submerged housing and public facilities are identified manually. The data then were verified in the field. From result of identification, the depth of inundation in subdistrict are classified, then the public facilities that affected by tsunami inundation are classified in each of subdistrict. Total 27.228 unit house and public facilities that affected by tsunami inundation, 86.3% is housing and 13.4% public facilities. The most affected subdistrict by tsunami inundation is Bungo Pasang, it is 2.899 house and public facilities submerged.
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Wu, Jiansheng, Rui Yang, and Jing Song. "Effectiveness of low-impact development for urban inundation risk mitigation under different scenarios: a case study in Shenzhen, China." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 9 (September 20, 2018): 2525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2525-2018.
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Abstract. The increase in impervious surfaces associated with rapid urbanization is one of the main causes of urban inundation. Low-impact development (LID) practices have been studied for mitigation of urban inundation. This study used a hydrodynamic inundation model, coupling SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) and IFMS-Urban (Integrated Flood Modelling System–Urban), to assess the effectiveness of LID under different scenarios and at different hazard levels. The results showed that LID practices can effectively reduce urban inundation. The maximum inundation depth was reduced by 3 %–29 %, average inundation areas were reduced by 7 %–55 %, and average inundation time was reduced by 0 %–43 % under the eight scenarios. The effectiveness of LID practices differed for the three hazard levels, with better mitigation of urban inundation at a low hazard level than at a high hazard level. Permeable pavement (PP) mitigated urban inundation better than green roofs (GRs) under the different scenarios and at different hazard levels. We found that more implementation area with LID was not necessarily more efficient, and the scenario of 10 % PP+10 % GR was more efficient for the study area than other scenarios. The results of this study can be used by local governments to provide suggestions for urban inundation control, disaster reduction, and urban renewal.
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Bates, Paul D. "Flood Inundation Prediction." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 54, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 287–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-030121-113138.
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Every year flood events lead to thousands of casualties and significant economic damage. Mapping the areas at risk of flooding is critical to reducing these losses, yet until the last few years such information was available for only a handful of well-studied locations. This review surveys recent progress to address this fundamental issue through a novel combination of appropriate physics, efficient numerical algorithms, high-performance computing, new sources of big data, and model automation frameworks. The review describes the fluid mechanics of inundation and the models used to predict it, before going on to consider the developments that have led in the last five years to the creation of the first true fluid mechanics models of flooding over the entire terrestrial land surface.
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Flick, Reinhard E., D. Bart Chadwick, John Briscoe, and Kristine C. Harper. "“Flooding” versus “inundation”." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 93, no. 38 (September 18, 2012): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012eo380009.
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Cardno, Catherine A. "Preparing for Inundation." Civil Engineering Magazine Archive 88, no. 11 (December 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/ciegag.0001339.
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SEKIMOTO, Taisei, Satoshi WATANABE, Shunji KOTSUKI, Masafumi YAMADA, Shiori ABE, and Akira WATANUKI. "PREDICTING FLOOD INUNDATION AREA BY RAINFALL-RUNOFF-INUNDATION MODEL EMULATOR." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 76, no. 2 (2020): I_547—I_552. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.76.2_i_547.
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SEKIMOTO, Taisei, Satoshi WATANABE, Shunji KOTSUKI, Masafumi YAMADA, Shiori ABE, and Akira WATANUKI. "PREDICTING FLOOD INUNDATION AREA BY RAINFALL-RUNOFF-INUNDATION MODEL EMULATOR." Journal of JSCE 10, no. 1 (2022): 487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalofjsce.10.1_487.
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Chang, Li-Chiu, Hung-Yu Shen, Yi-Fung Wang, Jing-Yu Huang, and Yen-Tso Lin. "Clustering-based hybrid inundation model for forecasting flood inundation depths." Journal of Hydrology 385, no. 1-4 (May 2010): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.02.028.
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Wang, Dongchuan, Hua Chai, Zhiheng Wang, Kangjian Wang, Hongyi Wang, Hui Long, Jianshe Gao, Aoze Wei, and Sirun Wang. "Dynamic Monitoring and Ecological Risk Analysis of Lake Inundation Areas in Tibetan Plateau." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013332.
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Lake inundation is one of the most important hydrological factors affecting lake ecosystems. In order to accurately and timely grasp the spatio-temporal pattern of the lake inundation area, and reveal the ecological evolution of the lake landscape, this paper quantifies the inundation dynamics of lakes on the Tibetan Plateau in the past 20 years and analyzes the spatio-temporal characteristics of the inundation area from four aspects: the region, type, altitude and recharge mode of the lake. Combined with the water inundation frequency, the landscape inundation frequency index is constructed and applied to the landscape ecological risk index to explore the spatio-temporal dynamic changes of landscape ecological risk in the inundation area. The results show that the change of the lake-inundated area first decreases and then increases in 2000–2020, the salt lakes and low-altitude lakes have the largest inundation areas, accounting for 83.2% and 55.6% of the total inundated area, respectively; the change intensity of lake inundation frequency is relatively large, and the alternate changes of the lake water–land junction area are enhanced, and the area of permanent lake increases; inundation has the greatest impact on bare land and grassy landscapes; the study area is dominated by lower-risk and lowest-risk areas, accounting for 84.9% of the total area of risk areas, but most areas are transformed from lower-lowest risk to medium-higher risk. This study provides a case of dynamic monitoring of lake inundation areas, which is helpful to formulate ecological restoration and risk prevention measures in lake inundation areas, and can also be used for ecological risk research in similar areas.
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Darnell, MSCE, EIT, Andrew, Richard Wise, MSCE, EIT, and John Quaranta, PhD, PE. "Comparison of ArcToolbox and Terrain Tiles processing procedures for inundation mapping in mountainous terrain." Journal of Emergency Management 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2013.0132.
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Floodplain management consists of efforts to reduce flood damage to critical infrastructure and to protect the life and health of individuals from flooding. A major component of this effort is the monitoring of flood control structures such as dams because the potential failure of these structures may have catastrophic consequences. To prepare for these threats, engineers use inundation maps that illustrate the flood resulting from high river stages. To create the maps, the structure and river systems are modeled using engineering software programs, and hydrologic events are used to simulate the conditions leading to the failure of the structure. The output data are then exported to other software programs for the creation of inundation maps. Although the computer programs for this process have been established, the processing procedures vary and yield inconsistent results. Thus, these processing methods need to be examined to determine the functionality of each in floodplain management practices. The main goal of this article is to present the development of a more integrated, accurate, and precise graphical interface tool for interpretation by emergency managers and floodplain engineers. To accomplish this purpose, a potential dam failure was simulated and analyzed for a candidate river system using two processing methods: ArcToolbox and Terrain Tiles. The research involved performing a comparison of the outputs, which revealed that both procedures yielded similar inundations for single river reaches. However, the results indicated key differences when examining outputs for large river systems. On the basis of criteria involving the hydrologic accuracy and effects on infrastructure, the Terrain Tiles inundation surpassed the ArcToolbox inundation in terms of following topography and depicting flow rates and flood extents at confluences, bends, and tributary streams. Thus, the Terrain Tiles procedure is a more accurate representation of flood extents for use by floodplain engineers, hydrologists, geographers, and emergency managers.
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Sun, Qing, Rouzbeh Nazari, Maryam Karimi, MD Golam Rabbani Fahad, and Robert W. Peters. "Comprehensive Flood Risk Assessment for Wastewater Treatment Plants under Extreme Storm Events: A Case Study for New York City, United States." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15 (July 21, 2021): 6694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156694.
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Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the City of New York, United States, are particularly vulnerable to frequent extreme weather events, including storm surges, high-intensity rainfall, and sea level rise, and are also affected by the cascade of these events. The complex structural configuration of WWTPs requires very fine-scale flood risk assessment, which current research has not pursued. We propose a robust technique to quantify the risk of inundations for the fourteen WWPTs through an automated sub-basin creation tool; 889 sub-basins were generated and merged with high-resolution building footprint data to create a comprehensive database for flood inundation analysis. The inundation depths and extents for the WWTPs and flood-prone regions were identified from hydrodynamic modeling of storm surge and sea level rise. The economic damage due to flooding for the WWTPs was also quantified using the HAZUS-MH model. Results indicated that the storm surges from various categories of hurricanes have the dominant impacts on flood depths around WWTPs, followed by high-intensity rainfall. Sea level rise was shown to have a relatively minor impact on flood depths. Results from economic damage analysis showed that the WWTPs are subjected to damage ranging from USD 60,000 to 720,000, depending on the size of the WWTP and the extremity of storm surge. The method of analyzing the inundation status of the research object through the sub-basin enables more accurate data to be obtained when calculating the runoff. It allows for a clearer view of the inundation status of the WWTPs when combined with the actual buildings. Using this database, predicting flood conditions of any extreme event or a cascade of extreme events can be conducted quickly and accurately.
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Chen, Yan, Hao Hou, Yao Li, Luoyang Wang, Jinjin Fan, Ben Wang, and Tangao Hu. "Urban Inundation under Different Rainstorm Scenarios in Lin’an City, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 12, 2022): 7210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127210.
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Under the circumstances of global warming and rapid urbanization, damage caused by urban inundation are becoming increasingly severe, attracting the attention of both researchers and governors. The accurate simulation of urban inundation is essential for the prevention of inundation hazards. In this study, a 1D pipe network and a 2D urban inundation coupling model constructed by InfoWorks ICM was used to simulate the inundation conditions in the typical urbanized area in the north of Lin’an. Two historical rainfall events in 2020 were utilized to verify the modeling results. The spatial–temporal variation and the causes of urban inundation under different designed rainfalls were studied. The results were as follows: (1) The constructed model had a good simulation accuracy, the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient was higher than 0.82, R2 was higher than 0.87, and the relative error was ±20%. (2) The simulation results of different designed rainfall scenarios indicated that the maximum inundation depth and inundation extent increased with the increase in the return period, rainfall peak position coefficient, and rainfall duration. According to the analysis results, the urban inundation in Lin’an is mainly affected by topography, drainage network (spatial distribution and pipe diameter), and rainfall patterns. The results are supposed to provide technical support and a decision-making reference for the urban management department of Lin’an to design inundation prevention measures.
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Aminah, A., A. Abdullah, N. Nuraeni, and Marlyana S. Palad. "EFEKTIVITAS WAKTU PENGGENANGAN AIR TERHADAP PENGAWETAN LENGAS TANAH PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI." JURNAL GALUNG TROPIKA 8, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31850/jgt.v8i3.508.
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Important factors that form the basis of water management are plant characteristics based on water requirements, the amount of water supplied, irrigation methods, and soil characteristics to conserve water. These factors are also influenced by local agroecological conditions such as climate, soil type, and availability of irrigation water. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of inundation time on soybean growth and production to maintain soil moisture. The study was arranged in an experimental form using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of waterlogging time treatment (W), ie not flooded/field capacity (W0), inundation 0-15 days after planting (dap) (W1), inundation 15-30 dap (W2), inundation at 30-45 dap (W3), and inundation continuously until harvest (W4). The height of the water given was 5 cm. The results showed that continuous inundation until harvest increased the weight of seeds by 19.23% compared without inundation. This was evidenced by the increasing number of pods and number of seeds per plant by 31.1% and 37.59% compared to field capacity. Continuous inundation showed that the highest soil water content (moisture) compared to other treatments. As for the greenness of leaves, inundation at 15-30 dap showed the lowest greenness of leaves while the highest greenness of leaves is inundation 0-15 dap, and this was not significantly different from other treatments. Continuous inundation has shown the potential to increase soybean yield. These results indicated that the irrigation method until the soil was saturated with water or above the field capacity was still quite safe for the growth, development, and production of soybean plants.
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Toda, Keiichi. "Urban Flooding and Measures." Journal of Disaster Research 2, no. 3 (June 1, 2007): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2007.p0143.
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Urban flood disasters occur often worldwide, and Japan is no exception, as indicated by the 1999 Fukuoka flood. Urban floods result from changes in the urban environment influenced by the specific features of the city involved. We review recent urban floods, their causes and characteristics, together with the results of recent studies. Focusing on two mathematical models -- the integrated urban flood model of urban river basins and the underground inundation model -- we discuss their simulation results. To demonstrate the dangers of underground inundations, we introduce evacuation experiments conducted using full-scale staircase and door models. Based on these studies, we propose comprehensive measures against urban floods, including underground inundations.
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Darmawan, D. C. S., A. T. Sasmi, and H. Khoirunnisa. "Geospatial Information Analysis Based on Numerical Modelling of Tsunami Inundation in Coastal Area of Temon District, Kulon Progo Regency." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1357, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1357/1/012043.
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Abstract The southern coastal area of Java Island is a subduction area confluence of the Eurasian Plate and the Indo-Australian Plate. The southern area of Temon District, Kulon Progo Regency includes the Central Java-East Java megathrust area. Megathrust Central Java-East Java has a maximum earthquake potential of 8.9 Mw which has the potential to cause a tsunami disaster. The built-up land area in Temon District has a potential threat from the danger of tsunami inundation. The purpose of this study is to (1) analyze the danger of tsunami inundation in Temon District and (2) determine the area of built-up land affected by tsunami inundation. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative-qualitative. TUNAMI-N3 was used in numerical modelling to determine tsunami inundation hazards and Google Earth Engine was used in analyze built-up land in Temon District. The results of tsunami inundation hazard treatment and built-up land areas were analyze using ArcGIS 10.8 to determine built-up land affected by the potential tsunami inundation hazard. The results showed that the tsunami generated from the earthquake scenario with a magnitude of Mw 8.9 had a maximum height of 19.86 meters with an average travel time of 33 minutes to reach the coastal area of Temon District. Temon District affected by tsunami inundation hazard has a tsunami area of 2.47 km2 with details of a low tsunami danger level of 0.67 km2, medium tsunami danger of 0.95 km2 and high tsunami danger of 0.85 km2. The maximum height of the tsunami inundation bath is 6.54 meters. Temon District has a built-up land area of 14.308 km2. Built-up land affected by tsunami inundation is 0.55 km2 with details of 0.14 km2 at low danger of tsunami inundation, 0.20 km2 at medium danger of tsunami inundation and 0.21 km2 at high tsunami inundation hazard.
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Takeda, Makoto, Daisuke Sato, Kenji Kawaike, and Masashi Toyota. "Inundation Analysis of the Dike Breach of the Chikuma River Taking Drainage Process and House Damage into Consideration." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0343.
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Heavy rain and river flooding due to Typhoon No. 19 in October 2019 led to overflow and a dike breach on the left bank of the Chikuma River that caused large-scale inundation damage in Nagano City, Japan. To devise countermeasures, an inundation analysis model is an important tool. In this study, an inundation analysis model was developed to examine the inundation water behavior. The calculated inundation water depth and inundation area showed good agreement with the observed inundation water depth and the inundated area, confirming the validity of the analysis model. In addition, temporal changes of the inundation state were calculated considering the drainage process. However, the sewerage system, waterway, and drainage pump car were not taken into consideration in this analysis, and future issues for model improvement were also revealed. In addition, an analysis model with a 2 m grid was developed in the dike breach site, and the inundation water flow on roads and the fluid force around houses were obtained after taking into consideration the effect of houses. In paticular, the calculated value of the specific force exerted on damaged houses was very high. Moreover, it was proposed that house hazard should be evaluated while taking into consideration the loss of houses around the dike.
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Kamil, I., R. Jayadi, and A. P. Rahardjo. "Adaptive water management in response to tidal inundation and sea level rise on tidal agricultural lowlands of Katingan, Central Kalimantan." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1343, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1343/1/012035.
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Abstract Decreased water management systems and sea level rise cause inundation in the Katingan tidal agricultural lowland. Excessive and prolonged inundation can decrease rice production or even loss of rice land. A study was conducted to provide adaptive water management for controlling water levels in canals and rice crop fields inundation. For this purpose, a combined one- and two-dimensional unsteady flow method was used in HEC-RAS. The scenario of water level control uses sluice and flap gates in secondary canals. Under spring tide conditions, water level control with gates decreases the inundation area by 95.62%. Likewise, in the 25 and 50-year sea level rise scenarios, inundation decreased by 88.51% and 82.25%. In the spring tide condition, the duration of inundation is decreased from 3.5 to 0.9 days. Under 25 and 50-year sea level rise scenarios, the duration of inundation was decreased from 3.7 to 3 days and from 4.3 to 4.1 days. The use of gates significantly decreases inundation in the spring tide condition, but under sea level rise in 25 and 50-year, the depth and duration of inundation are still dangerous for rice crops; therefore, it is necessary to advance water management control for the sustainability of rice fields.
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Park, Junehyeong, Mukesh Kumar, Charles R. Lane, and Nandita B. Basu. "Seasonality of inundation in geographically isolated wetlands across the United States." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 5 (April 19, 2022): 054005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac6149.
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Abstract Inundation area is a major control on the ecosystem services provisioned by geographically isolated wetlands. Despite its importance, there has not been any comprehensive study to map out the seasonal inundation characteristics of geographically isolated wetlands over the continental United States (CONUS). This study fills the aforementioned gap by evaluating the seasonality or the long-term intra-annual variations of wetland inundation in ten wetlandscapes across the CONUS. We also assess the consistency of these intra-annual variations. Finally, we evaluate the extent to which the seasonality can be explained based on widely available hydrologic fluxes. Our findings highlight significant intra-annual variations of inundation within most wetlandscapes, with a standard deviation of the long-term averaged monthly inundation area ranging from 15% to 151% of its mean across the wetlandscapes. Stark differences in inundation seasonality are observed between snow-affected vs. rain-fed wetlandscapes. The former usually shows the maximum monthly inundation in April following spring snowmelt (SM), while the latter experiences the maximum in February. Although the magnitude of inundation fraction has changed over time in several wetlandscapes, the seasonality of these wetlands shows remarkable constancy. Overall, commonly available regional hydrologic fluxes (e.g. rainfall, SM, and evapotranspiration) are found to be able to explain the inundation seasonality at wetlandscape scale with determination coefficients greater than 0.57 in 7 out of 10 wetlandscapes. Our methodology and presented results may be used to map inundation seasonality and consequently account for its impact on wetland functions.
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Li, Hu, Zheng, Shen, Fan, and Zhang. "An Improved Simplified Urban Storm Inundation Model Based on Urban Terrain and Catchment Modification." Water 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 2335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112335.
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Flooding caused by unpredictable high-intensity rainfall events in urban areas has become a global phenomenon due to the combined effect of urbanization and climate change. There are numerous hydrodynamic models for urban flooding simulation and management. However, it is difficult for most of these models to simplify the surface runoff process and still provide high simulation accuracy. In this study, an improved simplified urban storm inundation model (SUSIM) that integrates urban terrain, precipitation, surface runoff and inundation models was proposed to quickly and accurately simulate the different inundation conditions by modifying the urban terrain and catchments. Haining City, China, was selected as a case study in which SUSIM was tested and validated. The results were as follows: (1) Detailed locations and depths of inundation were quickly calculated with high correlation coefficient (≥75%) compared to three actual rainfall events. (2) Four scenarios under different rainfall intensities (5-, 10-, 20- and 50-year return period, respectively) were designed. The maximum inundation depths significantly increased from 403 mm to 1522 mm and the maximum inundation area increased from 2904 m2 to 7330 m2. According to the simulation results, Haining Avenue, the West Mountain Park and the old urban area in the northeast part of the city would encounter the most extensive and severe inundation. The result reveals that the SUSIM could find inundation locations and calculate inundation depth and area quickly. It provides better insights and tools for urban inundation simulation and planning strategies.
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Chen, Wenjie, Guoru Huang, and Han Zhang. "Urban stormwater inundation simulation based on SWMM and diffusive overland-flow model." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 12 (September 25, 2017): 3392–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.504.
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Abstract With rapid urbanization, inundation-induced property losses have become more and more severe. Urban inundation modeling is an effective way to reduce these losses. This paper introduces a simplified urban stormwater inundation simulation model based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) and a geographic information system (GIS)-based diffusive overland-flow model. SWMM is applied for computation of flows in storm sewer systems and flooding flows at junctions, while the GIS-based diffusive overland-flow model simulates surface runoff and inundation. One observed rainfall scenario on Haidian Island, Hainan Province, China was chosen to calibrate the model and the other two were used for validation. Comparisons of the model results with field-surveyed data and InfoWorks ICM (Integrated Catchment Modeling) modeled results indicated the inundation model in this paper can provide inundation extents and reasonable inundation depths even in a large study area.
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Chen, Jian, Yaowei Li, and Shanju Zhang. "Impact of Different Design Rainfall Pattern Peak Factors on Urban Flooding." Water 15, no. 13 (July 5, 2023): 2468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15132468.
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In order to investigate the influence of different design rainfall peaks on urban flooding characteristics based on the MIKE hydrodynamic model, the inundation process scenarios were extrapolated for different recurrence periods and three single- and double-peak rainfall types in Zhoukou city as an example, and the equivalent values of total inundation and inundation area were compared and analysed. The results show that bimodal rainfall has a higher risk of inundation than unimodal rainfall for the same rainfall ephemeris and return period. For unimodal rainfall, when the return period is less than 20 years, the more advanced the rainfall peak, the more severe the design rainfall inundation. When the return period is greater than 20 years, the further back the rainfall peak, the more severe the inundation of the design rainfall. The difference between the risk of inundation due to single- and double-peaked rainfall decreases as the return period increases.
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Belikov, V. V., N. M. Borisova, and A. B. Rumyantsev. "Assessing Inundation Risks and Protection of Residential Territories in River Floodplains." Водные ресурсы 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0321059623010042.
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It is shown that the likely damage caused by inundation of residential areas and objects of higher hazard on river floodplains can be evaluated taking into account the inundation depth. A procedure of constructing inundation probability curves with the use of two-dimensional hydrodynamic models (based on the STREAM 2D CUDA software system (Russia)) and field observation data is considered. Data from hydrological gages in several rivers are used to show that the inundation recurrence curves can be approximated by some logarithmic functions. Formulas for determining the inundation risks of residential areas and integral risk characteristics are derived and substantiated. It is shown that, on the average for the objects considered in the study, the maximal risks correspond to inundation levels with exceedance probability of ~2%, and that the effective protection of residential areas in most cases should by designed for inundation levels with much smaller exceedance probability.
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Iwai, Yuki. "Visualization and Spatio-temporal Analysis of Tsunami Inundation: A Case of the Great East Japan Earthquake." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-144-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This study visualized the spatio-temporal changes in the tsunami inundation area and analyzed its expansion mechanism. The most characteristic of the Great East Japan Earthquake is the damage caused by the tsunami. And 90% of the dead was caused by it. One of the factors is that the preparation of countermeasures corresponding to the huge tsunami was not fully prepared. Therefore, after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the Japanese government has emphasized the importance of the advance preparation of the hugest tsunami expected. According to the past experience the occurring of huge tsunami is very rare. Earthquake researchers have observed same scale tsunami in every 1000 years in Japan. According prediction, next huge tsunami may be happened around the 2030. Therefore, analyzing the tsunami inundation mechanism of the Great East Japan Great Eastern is important for the future tsunami countermeasure. The arrival time and spatial distribution of tsunami inundation can be considered as a main important component of evacuation planning. In addition, a wide range of inundation area caused by huge tsunami is suitable for analyzing the inundation mechanism compared with a small-scale tsunami inundation. In this study I would like to examine the tsunami inundation process caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011.</p><p>The method is as follows. First, movies shooting the tsunami inundation are collected from DVDs and TV hosting services. And they are examined as analysis materials. As a result, movies that taken from the ground were impossible to shoot the dynamic process of tsunami flooding. So that movies that taken from the helicopter or airplane was selected in this research. Next, the movies are converted into images at regular intervals of time. And adding position information to images (geo-reference), images are imported on the geographic information system (GIS). After that, Inundation limit lines are digitized. In this study, inundation limit lines are created at intervals of around 5 seconds. However, when the image is disturbed by dust etc., images of around 5 seconds are used. Basic information on the tsunami inundation handled in this study is shown in Table 1 and Figure 1.</p><p>As the result, tsunami inundation process was strongly affected by the location of buildings (Figure 2). On the other hand, the inundation distance declined even where the fields spread. The spatio-temporal variation of the inundation process was quantitatively clarified. Regression analysis was performed with variables of inundation time and inundation distance. As a result, changes in correlation were observed in a certain section. In order to analyze the factors, two regression analyses were conducted. First is the inundation time and elevation as variables. Second is the inundation time and distance from buildings as variables. The building data had acquired the image before the earthquake (April 4, 2010) from Google Earth, and created the building shape data. As a result of each analysis, it became clear that sections where the elevation suddenly changes and the short distance from buildings, overlapped sections where the inundation distance does not extend (Figure 3). These results suggest that it is possible to predict inundation time and distance in other areas if parameters can be acquired.</p>
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Pappenberger, F., K. Frodsham, K. Beven, R. Romanowicz, and P. Matgen. "Fuzzy set approach to calibrating distributed flood inundation models using remote sensing observations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 4 (August 15, 2006): 2243–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-2243-2006.
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Abstract. The paper presents a methodology for the estimation of uncertainty of inundation extent, which takes account of the uncertainty in the observed spatially distributed information and implements a fuzzy evaluation methodology. The Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) technique and the 2-D LISFLOOD-FP model were applied to derive the set of uncertain inundation realisations and resulting flood inundation maps. Conditioning of the inundation maps on fuzzified Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images results in much more realistic inundation risk maps which can better depict the variable pattern of inundation extent than previously used methods. It has been shown that the methodology compares well to traditional approaches and can produce flood hazard maps that reflect the uncertainties in model evaluation.
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Pappenberger, F., K. Frodsham, K. Beven, R. Romanowicz, and P. Matgen. "Fuzzy set approach to calibrating distributed flood inundation models using remote sensing observations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 17, 2007): 739–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-739-2007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The paper presents a methodology for the estimation of uncertainty of inundation extent, which takes account of the uncertainty in the observed spatially distributed information and implements a fuzzy evaluation methodology. The Generalised Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) technique and the 2-D LISFLOOD-FP model were applied to derive the set of uncertain inundation realisations and resulting flood inundation maps. Conditioning of the inundation maps on fuzzified Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images results in much more realistic inundation risk maps which can better depict the variable pattern of inundation extent than previously used methods. It has been shown that the evaluation methodology compares well to traditional approaches and can produce flood hazard maps that reflect the uncertainties in model evaluation.
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Ferdiansyah, Asep, Eka Oktariyanto Nugroho, Edi Riawan, Agung Wiyono Hadi Soeharno, Aditya Rivandi, Mohammad Farid, Arno Adi Kuntoro, Asziola Asyrafli Nazhif, and Mona Mahmoud Mostafa. "Modified geomorphic flood index (GFI) using land use parameter and effective rainfall ratio at Cikapundung River." E3S Web of Conferences 513 (2024): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202451301003.
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To determine the flood inundation area requires hydrological data and measurements of river cross sections. Those data are very limited and expensive. The Geomorphic Flood Index (GFI) can be used to identify the initial potential for inundation of an area. Until now, the GFI method only uses Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and the return period cannot be known. GFI is then modified by using topographic, rainfall and land use maps to determine the potential flood inundation for each return period. Based on the results of the GFI analysis with an n value of 0.31, the result of flood inundation is quite close to the hydraulic approach with a return period of 100 years. To find out the inundation of floods in other periods (2 years to 50 years), it is necessary to modify the GFI by entering the weight in the analysis of the flow accumulation. The results of the modified GFI flood inundation show that the smaller the return period, the lower the flood height and the reduced flood inundation area in the affected areas. Thus, the GFI approach is still good enough for initial estimates in determining flood inundation with quick analysis and lower costs.