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Journal articles on the topic 'Introspection'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Weger, Ulrich, Johannes Wagemann, and Andreas Meyer. "Introspection in Psychology." European Psychologist 23, no. 3 (July 2018): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000296.

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Abstract. Memory is typically conceptualized as a mental space where information is stored until it is retrieved for current processing. This archive account has been undermined by a multitude of findings, however, calling for a theoretical and also a methodological reorientation. In particular, we consider it timely to include an introspective mode of research into the study of memory because such introspective enquiry can provide insights into the recall process that go beyond those of third-person research. The limitations often associated with introspection (e.g., its seemingly subjective quality and its post hoc nature) are well justified – but only as long as the more immature impromptu introspections are concerned. A more systematically developed form of introspection can overcome these limitations. Such a systematic approach is outlined and used here to develop a taxonomy of mental processes involved in recall. Our observations lend support to a reconstruction account and allow for a differentiation of mental activities involved in various types of recall.

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2

Long, Robert. "Introspective Capabilities in Large Language Models." Journal of Consciousness Studies 30, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.30.9.143.

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This paper considers the kind of introspection that large language models (LLMs) might be able to have. It argues that LLMs, while currently limited in their introspective capabilities, are not inherently unable to have such capabilities: they already model the world, including mental concepts, and already have some introspection-like capabilities. With deliberate training, LLMs may develop introspective capabilities. The paper proposes a method for such training for introspection, situates possible LLM introspection in the 'possible forms of introspection' framework proposed by Kammerer and Frankish, and considers the ethical ramifications of introspection and self-report in AI systems.

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3

Wu, Wayne. "On Possible and Actual Human Introspection." Journal of Consciousness Studies 30, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.30.9.223.

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In this commentary, I take up Kammerer and Frankish's (this issue) project of exploring the space of possible and actual introspection. Focusing on human introspection where we lack concrete psychological models, I identify three types of introspection: (1) simple introspection of perceptual experience, (2) introspection of mental action, and (3) complex introspection of phenomenology. Drawing on psychological capacities which we empirically understand, I show how each type relies on various forms of attention to guide introspective response and raise questions about introspective reliability drawing on the proposed architecture. I conclude with some preliminary remarks on how to map these three forms within Kammerer and Frankish's conceptual space and the requisite dimensions needed to do so.

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Renero, Adriana. "The Routes of Introspection." Journal of Consciousness Studies 30, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 174–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.30.9.174.

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In 'What Forms Could Introspective Systems Take? A Research Programme', Kammerer and Frankish aim to map the space of 'possible forms of introspection' while lending themselves to questions about how different kinds of minds represent themselves. This paper aligns with their research programme in embracing other possible forms of introspection; it provides an outline of how, in representing its mental states, an introspective system could take a selective, cumulative, and/or predictive route while underscoring the importance of considering routes of introspection. Although this work only explores human minds, it contributes to Kammerer and Frankish's research programme by providing a path to studying new methods of introspection and their possible application to other kinds of minds.

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Dołga, Krzysztof. "Models of Introspection vs. Introspective Devices Testing the Research Programme for Possible Forms of Introspection." Journal of Consciousness Studies 30, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.30.9.086.

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The introspective devices framework proposed by Kammerer and Frankish (this issue) offers an attractive conceptual tool for evaluating and developing accounts of introspection. However, the framework assumes that different views about the nature of introspection can be easily evaluated against a set of common criteria. In this paper, I set out to test this assumption by analysing two formal models of introspection using the introspective device framework. The question I aim to answer is not only whether models developed outside of philosophy can be successfully evaluated against the set of conceptual criteria proposed by Kammerer and Frankish, but also whether this kind of evaluation can reveal some limitations inherent to the framework.

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6

Laplane, D. "Use of Introspection in Scientific Psychological Research." Behavioural Neurology 5, no. 4 (1992): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1992/604053.

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The use of introspection is unavoidable even in psychological research on animals. Difficulties may arise from the absence of reliable introspective data; it is suggested that this could be the case for the so-called “reward system”. In other circumstances confusion comes from using introspection without being aware of it: speaking and thinking have for many years been considered as the same operation, but the reason for this belief is not clearly documented and it may be suspected of being only introspection. Amongst other evidence, a careful and conscious use of introspection demonstrated by auto-analyses of former aphasic patients strongly suggests that language and thought are quite distinct entities.

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7

Nakamura, Yoshio, and C. Richard Chapman. "Measuring pain: An introspective look at introspection." Consciousness and Cognition 11, no. 4 (December 2002): 582–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8100(02)00019-3.

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8

Corallo, Guido, Jérôme Sackur, Stanislas Dehaene, and Mariano Sigman. "Limits on Introspection." Psychological Science 19, no. 11 (November 2008): 1110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02211.x.

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Which cognitive processes are accessible to conscious report? To study the limits of conscious reportability, we designed a novel method of quantified introspection, in which subjects were asked, after each trial of a standard cognitive task, to estimate the time spent completing the task. We then applied classical mental-chronometry techniques, such as the additive-factors method, to analyze these introspective estimates of response time. We demonstrate that introspective response time can be a sensitive measure, tightly correlated with objective response time in a single-task context. In a psychological-refractory-period task, however, the objective processing delay resulting from interference by a second concurrent task is totally absent from introspective estimates. These results suggest that introspective estimates of time spent on a task tightly correlate with the period of availability of central processing resources.

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9

Kammerer, François, and Keith Frankish. "More Possibilities for Introspection Reply to Commentators." Journal of Consciousness Studies 30, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 235–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.30.9.235.

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This paper reflects on and replies to the fifteen contributions responding to our target article 'What Forms Could Introspective Systems Take? A Research Programme' (all found in this issue). We focus first on contributions that criticize our research programme, then turn to ones that test our framework against various views and models of human introspection, and finally consider contributions that explore possible variations of introspection in humans, non-human animals, current AI systems, and imaginary minds. We conclude by drawing some lessons for our research programme and making some suggestions for future research on possible forms of introspection.

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10

Goodwin, C. James. "Using Psychologists' Letters to Teach about Introspection." Teaching of Psychology 18, no. 4 (December 1991): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1804_11.

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In the history and systems course, psychologists' letters can be used to facilitate an understanding of the introspective way of thinking and of the historical era in which introspection flourished. Excerpts from two letters illustrate how the “introspective attitude” characterized the everyday cognition of experimentalists.

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11

Renero, Adriana, and Richard Brown. "A HOROR Theory for Introspective Consciousness." Journal of Consciousness Studies 29, no. 11 (December 1, 2022): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.29.11.155.

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Higher-order theories of consciousness typically account for introspection in terms of one's higher-order thoughts being conscious, which would require a third-order thought — i.e.a thought about a thought about a mental state. In this work, we offer an alternative account of introspection that builds on the recent HigherOrder Representation of a Representation (HOROR) theory of phenomenal consciousness. According to HOROR theory, phenomenal consciousness consists in having the right kind of higher-order representation. We claim that this theory can be extended to introspection by recognizing that there is a distinctive kind of consciousness — i.e. introspective consciousness — which can be accounted for as the theory does for phenomenal consciousness generally. We call this novel view: Higher-Order Representation Intentionally For Introspective Consciousness (HORIFIC). We argue that there are independent reasons for thinking that introspective consciousness can be either 'stimuli-induced' or 'self-triggered' and that one of the benefits of the view we develop is that it can embrace a pluralist approach. Our view also accounts for what specific mental state is represented by a particular higher-order representation, and for the way in which we are aware of changes, transitions, and boundaries between mental states in specific cases of introspective consciousness.

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12

Hagman, George. "Empathy: Expanding the Capacity for Humanness and Freedom." Psychoanalytic Review 108, no. 2 (June 2021): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2021.108.2.155.

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This paper elaborates on the implications of Heinz Kohut's radical revision of the concepts of introspection and empathy for psychoanalytic practice and therapeutics. I focus on three of Kohut's papers: “Introspection, Empathy, and Psychoanalysis,” published in 1959, and its follow-up, “On Empathy”, and “Introspection, Empathy, and the Semi-Circle of Mental Health,” both published in 1981. Specifically, I address the importance of the analysand's introspective capacity as an active element in the therapeutic process augmented by the empathy of the analyst in the form of understanding and interpretation. Analysands enter psychoanalysis because they are aware that they cannot solve the problems with which they suffer or access the selfobject milieu that would help them. Through analysis patients' capacity for introspection and action is broadened and deepened, allowing them to understand and deal creatively with their problems, particularly their inability to fulfill the potential of their self.

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13

Lapping-Carr, Leiszle, Alek E. Krumm, Cody Kaneshiro, and Christopher L. Heavey. "Introspection in Emotion Research: Challenges and Insights." Journal of Consciousness Studies 31, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 76–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.31.1.076.

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Introspection, or looking inward to observe one's experience, is inherent in many methods used to study feelings, the experiential component of emotion. Challenges of introspection make faithful, high-fidelity descriptions of feelings difficult to attain. A method that (1) cleaves to a specific moment, (2) cleaves to pristine inner experience, (3) brackets presuppositions, and (4) utilizes an iterative process may be particularly well suited to this task. We review some contemporary introspective methods from the perspective of these four methodological constraints, finding that Descriptive Experience Sampling (DES) addresses the constraints most fully. We present DES findings on feelings to highlight the unique contributions careful introspective methods make to emotion science. High-fidelity descriptions of feelings are necessary for a complete understanding of emotion.

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14

Lakemeyer, Gerhard. "On Perfect Introspection with Quantifying-In1." Fundamenta Informaticae 17, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1992): 75–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1992-171-206.

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Agents with perfect introspection may have incomplete beliefs about the world, but they possess complete knowledge about their own beliefs. This fact suggests that the beliefs of introspective agents should be completely determined by their objective beliefs, that is, those beliefs that are only about the domain in question and not about other beliefs. Introspection and logical reasoning alone should suffice to reconstruct all other beliefs from the objective ones. While this property has been shown to hold for propositional belief logics, there have so far only been negative results in the case of first-order belief logics with quantifying-in. In this paper we present a logic of belier with quantifying-in, where the beliefs of a perfectly introspective agent are indeed uniquely determined by the objective beliefs. The result is obtained by weakening the notion of belief of an existing logic that does not have this property.

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15

Carpen-Amarie, Alexandra, Alexandru Costan, Jing Cai, Gabriel Antoniu, and Luc Bougé. "Bringing introspection into BlobSeer: Towards a self-adaptive distributed data management system." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 229–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-011-0017-y.

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Bringing introspection into BlobSeer: Towards a self-adaptive distributed data management system Introspection is the prerequisite of autonomic behavior, the first step towards performance improvement and resource usage optimization for large-scale distributed systems. In grid environments, the task of observing the application behavior is assigned to monitoring systems. However, most of them are designed to provide general resource information and do not consider specific information for higher-level services. More precisely, in the context of data-intensive applications, a specific introspection layer is required to collect data about the usage of storage resources, data access patterns, etc. This paper discusses the requirements for an introspection layer in a data management system for large-scale distributed infrastructures. We focus on the case of BlobSeer, a large-scale distributed system for storing massive data. The paper explains why and how to enhance BlobSeer with introspective capabilities and proposes a three-layered architecture relying on the MonALISA monitoring framework. We illustrate the autonomic behavior of BlobSeer with a self-configuration component aiming to provide storage elasticity by dynamically scaling the number of data providers. Then we propose a preliminary approach for enabling self-protection for the BlobSeer system, through a malicious client detection component. The introspective architecture has been evaluated on the Grid'5000 testbed, with experiments that prove the feasibility of generating relevant information related to the state and behavior of the system.

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16

Besedin, Artem P., Dmitry B. Volkov, Anton V. Kuznetsov, Evgeny V. Loginov, and Andrey V. Mertsalov. "Introspection." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 58, no. 2 (2021): 195–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202158236.

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The article is a review of the philosophical problems of introspection as a method of cognition that are actively discussed in the contemporary analytic philosophy of mind. The article is the result of discussions that were held during the Summer School “Consciousness and Introspection” organized in July 2020 by the Moscow Center for Consciousness Studies and led by Professor D. Stoljar, one of the top experts in this field. The purpose of the article is to describe to readers the current state of affairs in the English language research in this area. Modern theories of introspection have been formed as a result of discussions in the philosophy of mind and epistemology in the XX century. One of them is S. Shoemaker’s critique of the perceptual model of introspection and the related problem of self-blindness. Another topic is the transparency of experience (G.E. Moore, G. Evans). Finally, D. Dretske offered an influential critique of introspection in general. The discussion of these topics led to the arising of various modern theories: rationalistic (A. Byrne, D. Stoljar), acquaintance theories (B. Gertler, D. Chalmers), constitutive (S. Shoemaker), simple (D. Smithies), and others. An important area in which introspection finds their application is the philosophy of consciousness. The article considers the thesis of revelation, according to which the conscious state reveals its essence in introspection: the relation of this thesis to folk psychology is analyzed (D. Lewis, D. Stoljar), arguments against physicalism based on it are considered (P. Goff). Finally, the authors consider illusionist approaches to introspection based on the understanding of introspection as a representative system (D. Dennett, K. Frankish). Proponents of these approaches suggest the most acute criticism of introspection, pointing out its unreliability as a method of cognition, and, accordingly, the inapplicability of introspection in the philosophy of consciousness. Objections to this position are represented by M. Nida-Rumelin. This work does not pretend to consider all the existing theories of introspection and related problems. However, this review can give an idea of the main positions and problems in this area and assess the prospects for its development.

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17

Byrne, Alex. "Introspection." Philosophical Topics 33, no. 1 (2005): 79–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philtopics20053312.

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18

Fredrickson, William E. "Introspection." Journal of Music Teacher Education 18, no. 2 (April 2009): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1057083709332318.

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19

Ginsberg, Myron D. "Introspection." Stroke 43, no. 6 (June 2012): 1695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.111.640235.

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20

Karri, Ramesh, and Balakrishnan Iyer. "Introspection." ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems 6, no. 4 (October 2001): 501–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/502175.502179.

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21

Cannell, Emma, and Li Wan. "Introspection." Lancet Oncology 9, no. 1 (January 2008): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1470-2045(07)70408-4.

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22

Berg, John L. "Introspection." Computer Standards & Interfaces 10, no. 2 (January 1990): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5489(90)90046-i.

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23

Overgaard, Morten. "Introspection." Scholarpedia 3, no. 5 (2008): 4953. http://dx.doi.org/10.4249/scholarpedia.4953.

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24

Engelbert, Mark, and Peter Carruthers. "Introspection." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science 1, no. 2 (February 2010): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wcs.4.

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25

Chen, Yi-Chun, Jeffrey C. Ely, and Xiao Luo. "Note on unawareness: Negative Introspection versus AU Introspection (and KU Introspection)." International Journal of Game Theory 41, no. 2 (June 21, 2011): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00182-011-0287-5.

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26

Frank, Pascal, Anna Sundermann, and Daniel Fischer. "How mindfulness training cultivates introspection and competence development for sustainable consumption." International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education 20, no. 6 (October 4, 2019): 1002–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijshe-12-2018-0239.

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Purpose This paper aims to explore the relationship between introspection and key competencies for sustainable consumption (KCSCs). It investigates whether mindfulness training can cultivate the ability to introspect and stimulate the development of KCSCs. Design/methodology/approach Two independent studies were analyzed. Data were retrieved from interviews with participants of a consumer-focused mindfulness training (Study 1, 11 participants), as well as from diaries of students attending a university seminar with mindfulness training (Study 2, 13 students), and made subject to qualitative content analysis. Findings Both studies show a clear intersection between both constructs and suggest that mindfulness training can contribute to the development of KCSCs and learners’ ability to introspect. The studies also demonstrated that introspection is not equally related to all competencies and that KCSCs must not be reduced to introspection. Research limitations/implications Both KCSCs and introspection are complex and latent constructs and hence challenging to observe. The research understands itself as a first exploratory approach for empirically investigating this complex relation. Originality/value While increasing (self-)reflectivity is at the core of competence-based education, a systematic engagement with the practice of introspection as a means to enhancing reflectivity is surprisingly lacking. Mindfulness training could be a promising way to cultivate introspective abilities and thus facilitate learning processes that are conducive to competence development.

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Beenfeldt, Christian. "INTROSPECTION, THEORY AND INTROSPECTIONISM." DANISH YEARBOOK OF PHILOSOPHY 46, no. 1 (August 2, 2011): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689300_0460103.

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Modern psychology, it is widely held, was born as a “science of mental life” based almost exclusively on the method of introspection. The most salient example is E.B. Titchener’s influential system of psychology known as “introspectionism.” Early in the twentieth century, this approach fell into disfavor—and, in turn, introspection as such also came to be seen as a dead end in psychology. As this paper argues, Titchener’s psychology was based on the key notions of elementism, reductionism and sensationism. His philosophical commitment to these suppositions was deep and the general aim was to deliver a comprehensive scientific account of human mental life in accordance with that pre-experimental, theoretical agenda. The scientific goal of introspectionism was thus not to describe mental phenomena as they naturally and plainly form part of the subject’s experience. Here, Titchener’s approach contrasts rather starkly with contemporary introspective approaches, such as Descriptive Experience Sampling, that aim to bracket assumptions and theory. In sum, this paper calls into question the assumption that introspectionism in psychology should be regarded as an archetypal instantiation in the history of science, of a psychological system built on a fundamental commitment to introspection.

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Janák, Dušan. "Social Introspection of I. A. Bláha and Wittgenstein’s’ Argument Counter to Private Language. Anniversary Study on Introspection Approach in Social Sciences." Qualitative Sociology Review 6, no. 2 (August 30, 2010): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.6.2.02.

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The following text discusses the method of social introspection of the Czech philosopher and sociologist I.A. Bláha. It focuses both on presenting the method and exploring its potentials and limits in order to understand social reality. The application of the Wittgenstein´s argument against the private language as a critique of the introspective perspective and a brief analysis of the phenomenological approach in sociology will help to assess the boundaries of this approach. Theoretical conclusions of application of the introspection method in sociology are drawn at the end of the text and thus allow to assess applicability of the Blaha's own method.

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29

Becker, Eve-Marie. "Das introspektive Ich des Paulus nach Phil 1–3: Ein Entwurf." New Testament Studies 65, no. 3 (May 2, 2019): 310–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688519000043.

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This article interprets Paul's self-reflections in Phil 1 in light of the most current discourse about the ‘(introspective) self’ in antiquity: it is argued that Paul – in his last letter writing during his final imprisonment (in Rome?) – offers insights into his ‘inner self’ by construing the reflective mode of introspection. Similar to how ancient philosophers – such as Seneca in his letters – develop introspection when dealing/coping with the expectatio mortis, Paul too, in Phil 1–3, has to respond to his expectation of his pending death. While Phil 1.21–6 – which is to be read in the frame of chapters 1–3 – reflects Paul's situation highly individually and autobiographically, ancient philosophical introspective speaking modes in general tend to remain generic. In its ‘autobiographical consolidation’ Phil 1.21–6 is also to be seen in a ‘contrastive analogy’ to Rom 7.

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Veale, Tony, and Guofu Li. "Creative Introspection and Knowledge Acquisition." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 1 (August 4, 2011): 1243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.8073.

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Introspection is a question-led process in which one builds on what one already knows to explore what is possible and plausible. In creative introspection, whether in art or in science, framing the right question is as important as finding the right answer. Presupposition-laden questions are themselves a source of knowledge, and in this paper we show how widely-held beliefs about the world can be dynamically acquired by harvesting such questions from the Web. We show how metaphorical reasoning can be modeled as an introspective process, one that builds on questions harvested from the Web to pose further speculative questions and queries. Metaphor is much more than a knowledge-hungry rhetorical device: it is a conceptual lever that allows a system to extend its model of the world.

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Giustina, Anna, and Uriah Kriegel. "Fact-Introspection, Thing-Introspection, and Inner Awareness." Review of Philosophy and Psychology 8, no. 1 (April 12, 2016): 143–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13164-016-0304-5.

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Suh, Jae-Suk. "Rethinking Introspection: Teachers' Perception of Introspective Methods in L2 Research." Modern English Society 16, no. 2 (May 23, 2015): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.18095/meeso.2015.16.2.07.

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Billon, Alexandre. "Introspection in the Disordered Mind: And the Superintrospectionitis Thesis." Journal of Consciousness Studies 30, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.30.9.049.

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In their target article, Kammerer and Frankish (K&F) wonder what forms introspection could take in non-human animals, enhanced humans, artificial intelligences, and aliens. In this short note, I focus on disordered or neurodiverse minds. More specifically, I assess a claim that has often been made more or less implicitly to the effect that, in virtue of their conditions, people with schizophrenia or depersonalization disorder have superior introspective abilities that allow them to discern some important but normally hidden characteristics of our experiences — call this the superintrospectionitis thesis. In the course of my argumentation, I introduce distinctions and questions concerning the nature of the architecture and the function of introspection that might enrich K&F's framework.

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34

Thirunavukarasu, M., and Pragatheeshwar Thirunavukarasu. "Retrospective introspection." Indian Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 2 (2009): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.49446.

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35

Joshua, Elizabeth. "Introspection - JOMFP." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 16, no. 3 (2012): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-029x.102472.

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36

Nakhleh, Khalil. "Zionist Introspection." Journal of Palestine Studies 15, no. 3 (1986): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2536757.

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37

King, Scott K. C., and Deborah R. Natale. "International Introspection." Academic Emergency Medicine 6, no. 9 (September 1999): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb01253.x.

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38

Dretske, Fred. "XI—Introspection." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 94, no. 1 (June 1, 1994): 263–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/94.1.263.

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39

Donati, Gaia. "Theoretical introspection." Nature Physics 14, no. 7 (July 2018): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0198-5.

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40

Sieber, Joan E. "Institutional Introspection." Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics 2, no. 4 (December 2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jer.2007.2.4.1.

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41

Hogan, Warren. "Accounting Introspection." Australian Accounting Review 4, no. 8 (November 1994): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1835-2561.1994.tb00158.x.

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Cameron, K. W. "Green Introspection." Computer 42, no. 1 (January 2009): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2009.18.

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43

Harmer, J. K. "Hamlet's Introspection." Essays in Criticism 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 31–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/escrit/cgq024.

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Seager, William. "Emotional introspection." Consciousness and Cognition 11, no. 4 (December 2002): 666–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8100(02)00027-2.

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Spener, Maja. "Calibrating Introspection." Philosophical Issues 25, no. 1 (October 2015): 300–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/phis.12062.

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Heil, John. "Unraveling introspection." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16, no. 1 (March 1993): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00028855.

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Carruthers, Peter, and Christopher F. Masciari. "Subpersonal Introspection." Journal of Consciousness Studies 30, no. 9 (September 30, 2023): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512201.30.9.075.

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Kammerer and Frankish (this issue) set up a broad tent, intended to encompass all forms of directly-useable self-awareness. But they omit an entire dimension of possibilities by restricting themselves to person-level self-awareness. Their account needs to be enriched to allow at least for model-free meta-representational signals that are not consciously available, but whose appraisal issues in action-tendencies and/or states of person-level emotion.

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Nugroho, Nugroho. "Strengthening Integrity and Introspection: Approaches to Safeguard Organization’s Values from Fraud and Misconduct." Asia Pacific Fraud Journal 8, no. 1 (June 30, 2023): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21532/apfjournal.v8i1.270.

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Organizations with more robust anti-fraud measures are more likely to maintain comprehensive, internal, external, and introspective integrity. Thus, a high degree of integrity presupposes a low level of corruption. A reasonable strategy would be to prevent employees from committing fraud before recognizing them, as we cannot do much once the harm has been done. Therefore, to improve evasion procedures, organizations need to have specific tactics and techniques in place to make them more understandable and visible to employees. This study aims to demonstrate the importance of integrity and introspection in preventing fraud in a business. The findings reveal several policy implications. First, corruption can be thwarted by vigorously enforcing integrity and introspection. Second, adopting these two variables alone is insufficient; we also require a strong political will to implement such measures.

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Carrasco Ramírez, José Gabriel. "Crafting explainable artificial intelligence through active inference: A model for transparent introspection and decision-making." Journal of Artificial Intelligence General science (JAIGS) ISSN:3006-4023 4, no. 1 (April 23, 2024): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.60087/jaigs.vol4.issue1.p26.

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This paper explores the feasibility of constructing interpretable artificial intelligence (AI) systems rooted in active inference and the free energy principle. Initially, we offer a concise introduction to active inference, emphasizing its relevance to modeling decision-making, introspection, and the generation of both overt and covert actions. Subsequently, we delve into how active inference can serve as a foundation for designing explainable AI systems. Specifically, it enables us to capture essential aspects of "introspective" processes and generate intelligible models of decision-making mechanisms. We propose an architectural framework for explainable AI systems employing active inference. Central to this framework is an explicit hierarchical generative model that enables the AI system to monitor and elucidate the factors influencing its decisions. Importantly, this model's structure is designed to be understandable and verifiable by human users. We elucidate how this architecture can amalgamate diverse data sources to make informed decisions in a transparent manner, mirroring aspects of human consciousness and introspection. Finally, we examine the implications of our findings for future AI research and discuss potential ethical considerations associated with developing AI systems with (apparent) introspective capabilities.

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Carrasco Ramírez, José Gabriel. "Crafting explainable artificial intelligence through active inference: A model for transparent introspection and decision-making." Journal of Artificial Intelligence General science (JAIGS) ISSN:3006-4023 4, no. 1 (April 23, 2024): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.60087/jaigs.v4i1.78.

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Abstract:

This paper explores the feasibility of constructing interpretable artificial intelligence (AI) systems rooted in active inference and the free energy principle. Initially, we offer a concise introduction to active inference, emphasizing its relevance to modeling decision-making, introspection, and the generation of both overt and covert actions. Subsequently, we delve into how active inference can serve as a foundation for designing explainable AI systems. Specifically, it enables us to capture essential aspects of "introspective" processes and generate intelligible models of decision-making mechanisms. We propose an architectural framework for explainable AI systems employing active inference. Central to this framework is an explicit hierarchical generative model that enables the AI system to monitor and elucidate the factors influencing its decisions. Importantly, this model's structure is designed to be understandable and verifiable by human users. We elucidate how this architecture can amalgamate diverse data sources to make informed decisions in a transparent manner, mirroring aspects of human consciousness and introspection. Finally, we examine the implications of our findings for future AI research and discuss potential ethical considerations associated with developing AI systems with (apparent) introspective capabilities.

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