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Gravuer, Kelly. "Determinants of the introduction, naturalisation, and spread of Trifolium species in New Zealand." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2004. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20071015.060329/.
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Two conceptual approaches which offer promise for improved understanding of biological invasions are conceptualizing the invasion process as a series of distinct stages and explicitly incorporating human actions into analyses. This study explores the utility of these approaches for understanding the invasion of Trifolium (true clover) species in New Zealand. From the published literature, I collected a range of Trifolium species attributes, including aspects of global transport and use by humans, opportunistic association with humans in New Zealand, native range attributes, habitat characteristics, and biological traits. I also searched historical records to estimate the extent to which each species had been planted in New Zealand, a search facilitated by the enormous importance of Trifolium in New Zealands pastoral agriculture system. Regression analysis and structural equation modelling were then used to relate these variables to success at each invasion stage. Fifty-four of the 228 species in the genus Trifolium were intentionally introduced to New Zealand. Species introduced for commercial agriculture were characterised by a large number of economic uses and presence in Britain, while species introduced for horticulture or experimental agriculture were characterised by a large native range area. Nine of these 54 intentionally introduced species subsequently naturalised in New Zealand. The species that successfully naturalised were those that had been planted extensively by humans and that were well-matched to the New Zealand climate. A further 16 species (from the pool of 174 species that were never intentionally introduced) arrived and naturalised in New Zealand without any recorded intentional aid of humans. Several attributes appeared to assist species in unintentional introduction-naturalisation, including a good match to the New Zealand climate, a large native range area, presence in human-influenced habitats, a widespread distribution in Britain, and self-pollination capability. The 25 total naturalised species varied greatly in their current distributions and in the rates at which they had spread to achieve those distributions. Species that had spread quickly and are currently more widespread had been frequent contaminants in the pasture seed supply and have a long flowering period in New Zealand. Other biological traits and native range attributes played supporting roles in the spread process. Attributes facilitating success clearly varied among invasion stages. Humans played a dominant role at all stages of this invasion, although biological traits had increasing importance as a species moved through the invasion sequence. My findings suggest that incorporation of human actions and the stage-based framework provide valuable insight into the invasion process. I discuss potential avenues by which these approaches might be integrated into predictive invasion models.
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Gatehouse, Hazel A. W. "Ecology of the naturalisation and geographic distribution of the non-indigenous seed plant species of New Zealand." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1009.
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The naturalisation and subsequent spread of non-indigenous plant species (NIPS) is a major problem for most regions of the world. Managing plant invasions requires greater understanding of factors that determine initial naturalisation and distribution of wild NIPS. By the year 2000, 2252 NIPS were recorded as wild (1773 fully naturalised and 479 casual) in New Zealand. From published literature and electronic herbaria records, I recorded year of discovery of wild populations, and regional distribution of these wild NIPS. I also recorded species related attributes hypothesised to affect naturalisation and/or distribution, including global trade, human activities, native range and biological data; and regional attributes hypothesised to affect distribution, including human population densities, land use/cover, and environmental data. I used interval-censored time-to-event analyses to estimate year of naturalisation from discovery records, then analysed the importance of historical, human activity, biogeographical and biological attributes in determining patterns of naturalisation. Typically, NIPS that naturalised earlier were herbaceous, utilitarian species that were also accidentally introduced and/or distributed, with a wide native range that included Eurasia, naturalised elsewhere, with a native congener in New Zealand. In the year 2000, 28% of wild NIPS occupied only one region, 18% occupied two regions, decreasing incrementally to 2.5 % for nine regions, but with 13.5% occupying all ten regions. I used generalised linear models (GLMs) with binomial distribution to determine predictors of whether a wild NIPS occupied ten regions or not, and GLMs with Poisson distribution for wild NIPS occupying 0 – 9 regions. As expected, the dominant effect was that species discovered earlier occupied more regions. Utilitarian wild NIPS that were also accidentally introduced and/or distributed, and wild NIPS with a native congener tended to be more widely distributed, but results for other attributes varied between datasets. Although numbers of wild NIPS recorded in regions of New Zealand were sometimes similar, composition of wild NIPS was often very different. I used nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) to determine dissimilarity in composition between regions. Then, after reducing correlation between predictor variables using principal components analyses (PCAs), I tested the importance of regional variables in determining the regional composition of wild NIPS using metaMDS. The density of human populations best explained the dissimilarity in composition, but temperature gradients and water availability gradients were also important. In the year 2000 more than 1100 (60%) of the 1773 fully naturalised NIPS in mainland New Zealand had each been recorded in Northland/Auckland and Canterbury, and at the other end of the scale, Southland and Westland each had fewer than 500 (30%). I used GLMs to analyse the importance of people and environment in determining the numbers of wild NIPS in each region. Because I conducted multiple tests on the same dataset I used sequential Bonferroni procedures to adjust the critical P-value. Only human population density was important in explaining the numbers of NIPS in the regions. Overall, humans were the dominant drivers in determining the patterns of naturalisation and spread, although environment helps determine the composition of NIPS in regions. Incorporating human associated factors into studies of wild NIPS helps improve the understanding of the stages in the naturalisation and spread process.
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Self, Lance. "INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE AGENTS." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607343.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaSoftware agents are application programs that perform duties in an autonomous fashion. These applications can be used to increase productivity, better use existing bandwidth, and improve present and future software application programs. By using existing established methods, and adding a layer of intelligence, software agents can add problem solving abilities to an application program.
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Franks, Jeff. "Sample introduction into ICP-MS systems." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262437.
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de, Paula Abdon B. "An introduction to Doppler effect and fading in mobile communication." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23709.
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Miller, William Harley. "AN INTRODUCTION TO A HYPERTHERMIA PATIENT PLANNING AND PATIENT TREATMENT EVALUATION SYSTEM (NUMERICAL, CANCER)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275373.
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Mashwani, Asad Iqbal. "Evaluation, information et perspectives industrielles lors des scissions de filiales par introduction en bourse." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20012/document.
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Nous étudions l’évaluation, l’information et les perspectives industrielles lors des scissions de filiales par introduction en Bourse (ECO). Dans notre première étude, nous estimons les effets de richesse aux différentes étapes d’une ECO et leur lien sur les rentabilités boursières anormales de la société mère de la filiale. Nous trouvons que c’est la période de construction du livre d’ordres de l’introduction en bourse qui permet au marché financier de mieux estimer les effets de richesse positifs pour la société mère. Dans notre second travail, nousavançons que les ECO sont effectuées dans les secteurs industriels où les firmes présentent des opportunités de croissance plus faibles en moyenne. Nous démontrons que les industries concernées par des ECO ont des performances opérationnelles (mesurées par la rentabilité d’exploitation, les liquidités générées et la margeopérationnelle) plus faibles. Nous montrons également que les fusions acquisitions réalisées dans les industries où une ECO a eu lieu durant les trois années précédentes créent moins de valeur pour l’offreur que les fusions acquisitions qui ne sont pas concernées par une ECO. La dernière étude de cette thèse analyse l’impact d’une ECO sur la divergence d’estimations des analystes financiers et sur le nombre d’analystes suivants la société mère. Nous trouvons que la divergence d’estimations et le nombre d’analystes augmentent après une ECOWe study the valuation, information and industry perspectives of equity carve-outs. In our first paper, we study the wealth effect of equity carve-outs and its relationship with the abnormal returns to the parent firm. Using thisrelationship we find that during book-building period of equity carve-out, the returns to the parent firm can be used to pre-empt the wealth effect of equity carve-out. In our second paper, we argue that equity carve-outs, on average, are carried out in industries, where opportunities are low. We find that these industries have low operating performance, gauged on profitability, cash flow and profit margin compared to industries where there are no carve-outs. In addition to this evidence, we find that the merger and acquisition activities, in which targetsare in industries where carve-out activities happened in last three years before the M&A activity, bidders have less value created compared to mergers where the target industry has no carve-out activity. In our third paper, we analyze the impact of carve-outs on the divergence of belief and the number of analysts following the firm. We find that divergence of belief increases after a carve-out and number of analysts following the firm increases, also
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Matsusue, Naoya, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Ken-ichi Sato. "Suppression of Boundary Effect and Introduction of Scale Correlation for Wavelet based Traffic Prediction." IEEE, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/12048.
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Moreira, Juliana. "Introduction to a mobile development methods investigation to Scania IT AB : Case: Rundtursbuss application." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kommunikation, medier och it, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-16531.
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The purpose of this work was both to explore the variety of methods to develop mobile applications and to create a requirement documentation and solution proposal to the case study Rundtursbuss. During the 10 weeks work-experience, I had the possibility to investigate a range of methods to develop mobile applications and apply it to a reference case. The questions regarding which method to choose when developing mobile application are not easy to answer, once there is not only one solution that can fit the needs of all the applications that will be developed at Scania. Each application needs to be evaluated not only from a technical perspective, but also from a user-centered way. One of the best ways to quickly evaluate a project is asking what that makes the project mobile The analysis of each criteria aided in the evaluation of the application requirements and in reaching the conclusion that the most promising methods to develop the application Rundtursbuss are either native or cross-compilation ones. In conclusion, it is crucial to emphasize that while Scania does not have a procedure on how to develop, maintain and coordinate the development of mobile applications, single initiatives will continue to emerge, which increase the cost and affect the quality of their IT products and services.
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Sawers, L. "The effect of the introduction of new technology upon female labour in the retail sector." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372278.
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Luecke, Chris M. "The effect of the introduction of cutthroat trout on the benthic community of Lake Lenore, Washington /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5249.
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Rose, William B. (William Burford). "The Introduction of Robotic Technology: Perceptions of the Work Force of an Aerospace Defense Company." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1988. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330596/.
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This dissertation examines the effect that the introduction of an advanced manufacturing technology, specifically robotics, has on the work force of an aerospace defense company. In this endeavor, there are two main objectives. First, this study determines whether workers feel that their jobs are threatened by the introduction of robotic technology. Secondly, the research compares the degree to which workers from different labor types feel this threat. A review of the literature reveals that the technical factors involving manufacturing technology have been thoroughly examined and discussed, but the effect that they have on the work force has been somewhat neglected. This dissertation develops ten hypotheses to ascertain the perceived threat to job security for workers within an aerospace defense company. This study is based on an employee survey that examined the employee's perceived threat to job security by the introduction of robotics. The primary research was obtained from employees within an aerospace defense company through the use of questionnaires in a three phase approach. The first phase utilized a pretest that sampled the questionnaire prior to the company-wide solicitation. The second phase administered the questionnaire to the three labor types within the work force. Phase three consisted of data reduction and the comparison of the primary data to the research hypotheses. The results of the study concluded that workers closer to the robotic technology (hands-on employees) felt more threatened about their job security than workers more removed from the technology (support personnel and management). It was further found that the hands-on workers felt that the major factor that lead to the introduction of robots was the desire to lower labor costs while support personnel and managers felt that the major factor that lead to the introduction of robots was due to increasing productivity. Additional hypotheses tested in this study include the effect that robots have on the perceptions of the work force toward the company's employment level, worker apprehension and reaction, training, safety, health, and competition.
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Catarino, Rui. "Modelling the effect of Bt maize introduction on pest dynamics, insecticide use and economic returns to farmers." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/68713/.
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The use of genetically engineered (GE) crops promises to deliver remarkable results from an environmental, economic and human health point of view. Presently, the world area planted with GE crops is devoted mainly to three sorts of genetic alteration, herbicide tolerance, insect resistance (IR) or a combination of both. In this thesis, the discussion focuses on genetically engineered insect resistant (GEIR) crops expressing toxins from the soil bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) producing Crystalline (Cry). The prevailing scientific opinion is that although GEIR crops carry a certain degree of uncertainty, the potential risks are not considerably different to those associated with insecticides. Given the current understanding, the actual dispute about the risks is based mainly on the potential long-term effects, including gene slipover, development of pest resistance and the impact on non-target organisms. A further concern is that insect species that are not susceptible to the expressed toxin will develop into secondary pests and cause significant damage to the crop. In this thesis, the causes and impact of secondary pest outbreak are reviewed, analysed and incorporated within a novel bio-economic modelling framework. The bio-economic model takes into consideration the dynamics of two pest insects competing for the same resource and the resultant impact on maize farmers’ net returns. The modelling developed culminates with the inclusion of spatial features explicitly represented. The resulting bio-economic spatially explicit population model evaluates the development and impact of an invasive species that is not susceptible to the insecticide toxin expressed by the transgenic crop. This work provides insights and future recommendations for academic research, policy makers and farmers regarding the control and management of a new incursion of hazard (non-native) species. The research undertaken in this thesis aims to fill an important research gap on the impact of secondary pests GEIR crops, in particularly Bt maize. Overall, the results show that the use of Bt maize could indeed bring economic benefits to farmers while decreasing the burden of insecticides. It is also demonstrated that farmers need to be conscious of the possibility of an outbreak of a secondary pest and the consequences of this on yields and farm profits. Depending on several factors, it may take a number of years for secondary pests to proliferate to relevant levels of importance, thus the need to understand pest dynamics.
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Xakaza-Kumalo, Sheila. "Pedagogical issues arising from the introduction of educational technology at two South African universities of technology : a comparative study." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2644.
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Thesis (DTech (Information Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Educational technology can improve teaching and learning in universities of technology in developing countries. Due to various factors, there is no readymade “one-size-fits-all” solution for facilitating the successful implementation of educational technology. Tedre, Apiola and Cronjé (2011) identified 100 educational, socioeconomic and technical attributes that can influence the successful integration of educational technology in developing regions. While exploring the issues arising from technology integration at two universities of technology, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Tedre, Apiola and Cronjé’s framework in order to contribute to its refinement. The central research question concerned the extent to which Tedre, Apiola and Cronjé’s framework was useful for a situational analysis at two South African universities of technology. The sub-questions concerned the framework’s ability to distinguish between the two universities on the one hand and on the other hand, the overlaps or shortcomings of the model as it assisted in describing those situations. The findings revealed that the two universities in this inquiry are not similar. Although the universities’ educational strategies and policies were very analogous, differences were found in the manner and approach to the implementation of educational technology. The pedagogical considerations for e-learning uptake in both universities corroborated with each other to a certain extent. The findings further showed that most of the educational factors that affect technology integration, and subsequent educational technology adoption, resonate with pedagogical issues found in other developing countries.
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Stål, Filip. "Interactive user onboarding and its effect on activation rates : A statistical study of feature introductions in applications with complex interfaces." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281979.
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User onboarding procedures and digital feature introductions are still in their infancy. Consequently, hard data on its impli-cations and its effects on user behavior is scarce and difficult to come by. To contribute to this field of research, within the context of HCI, this study was conducted. It studies the implementation of a contextually sensitive step-by-step feature in-troduction on a digital platform, presented by a complex and composite interface, providing access to a large number of features. It then proceeds to statistically evaluate the effects of the onboarding implementation on activation rates for which the onboarding was designed to improve. The study’s findings were that users that received the step-by-step feature introduction were associated with statistically significantly lower mean times spent completing the activation requirements, compared to users that did not. Additionally, users partaking in the feature introduction had higher overall activation rates. The study also provides insight into how user time spent completing the different steps leading up to a successful activation was divided among the steps and discusses its significance for the design of user onboarding experiences in the future.Processer för onboarding av användare till digitala applikationer och dess funktioner är fortfarande ett relativt nytt och ostuderat forskningsämne. Följaktligen är kvantitativ data om dess påverkan på användares beteende både knapphändig och svårfunnen. Studien genomfördes därför i syfte för att bidra till detta forskningsområde, inom ramen för HCI. Den studerar implementeringen av en kontextuellt medveten steg-för-steg onboarding på en digital plattform, som representeras genom ett komplext och sammansatt gränssnitt som portal till ett stort antal olika användarfunktioner. Därefter fortsätter den att statistiskt utvärdera effekterna som implementeringen av onboardingtjänsten för med sig, samt den förändrade aktiveringsgrad hos nya användare som den bidrar till. Resultaten av studien var att användare som fick ta del av den nya interaktiva och stegvisa onboardingprocessen förknippades med statistiskt signifikant lägre genomsnittliga tider för att fullborda aktiveringskraven, jämfört med användare som inte fick ta del av den nya onboardingprocessen. En förbättrad aktiveringsgrad för användare som fått ta del av onboardingen kan också observeras. Studien ger a ven inblick i hur användarnas tid spenderades mellan de olika stegen i processen som ledde till en lyckad aktivering, samt att studien diskuterar resultatens betydelse för utformningen av onboardingprocesser för digitala applikationer i framtiden.
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Reed, Sara. "The Effect of the Introduction of a Clearinghouse on Trading Costs: The New York Stock Exchange in the 1890s." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/290.
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As one of the oldest and most innovative financial institutions, a clearinghouse efficiently clears and settles payments for equity transactions as well as other securities. However, this paper will only be concerned with common and preferred equity securities. The purpose of a clearinghouse is to reduce counterparty risk. It acts as an intermediary between two parties, so that the risk of one party failing to honor its contractual obligation is diminished. It reduces settlement risk through netting, the process of eliminating offsetting transactions, thus decreasing the amount of cash flow. I examine the impact of the New York Stock Exchange Clearinghouse upon its establishment in May 1892. Specifically, I analyze the clearinghouse’s effect on trading costs for different equity securities, scrutinizing the effects on bid-ask spreads. I find that once a firm joined the NYSE clearinghouse, both its relative and absolute bid-ask spreads are narrowed, representing an overall reduction in spreads of 5.28 percent.
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Rosa, Henrique Jose Duarte. "The effect of the intensity of stimulation upon the response of seasonal anoestrous ewes to the introduction of rams." Thesis, University of Reading, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266740.
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Gumede, Lungelo Linda. "Examining the introduction and expiration price effect of warrants on their underlying assets: evidence from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28972.
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The aim of this paper is to examine the price effect exerted by derivative warrants on their underlying shares around the introduction and expiration days of the warrants. The study is based on the JSE for the period 2008-2012 and employs the event study methodology. The study assesses the effects generally and for puts and calls separately. Overall, it is found that the price effect depends on the type of warrant as well as the warrant's "moneyness". The in the money sample of puts and calls show significant price effects around the listing and expiration days respectively. The out the money sample of puts and calls indicate no price effect. Each of the samples is subjected to further volume analysis in order to assert if the price effects are linked to any changes in trading volume. This paper has implications for the regulation community and warrant investors on the JSE.
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Weatherburn, Gwyneth Christine. "The effect of the introduction of picture archive and communication systems (PACS) on patient radiation doses and patient management." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4975.
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This thesis considers the effects of Picture Archive and Communications Systems (PACS), on both patient radiation doses and patient management. PACS is a relatively new technology which acquires, transmits, and stores radiological images digitally. This thesis investigates the doses which are required to produce radiographic images which are acceptable to radiologists and referring clinicians, and compares these doses with those required for the film/screen systems which they are replacing. A review of the literature shows that despite claims of dose reductions, very little good evidence exists about dose changes with the introduction of PACS. A comparison of images of test objects indicates that the images are comparable under limited conditions, that PACS has a much wider latitude than film (>250 mAs), and that contrast detail improves with increase in exposure. Two original observational studies are described in which PACS and film doses are compared for examinations of two groups of adult patients. The results indicate that the doses for PACS equate to those used with a 300 speed film/screen system thus necessitating dose increases of around 30% for the majority of adult patients in the UK. The issue of whether the number of images which are repeated, with additional patient doses, due to unsatisfactory images (rejected images), or unavailability of the images when clinically required (lost images), is addressed and indicates that PACS may allow a dose saving of 1.1 % and 1.4% respectively. The overall result of these studies indicates that the widespread introduction of PACS is likely to increase population doses. Two original studies which consider patients within the Accident and Emergency department are described. These studies aim to produce evidence to justify the introduction of the new technology, despite higher radiation doses, by identifying improvements in patient management which might improve patient outcomes. The results of these studies provide little evidence of such benefits to patients. This thesis concludes that the use of current PAC systems produces an increase in the radiation dose to the adult population in the UK, without demonstrable improvements in patient management.
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Baughan, Peter Charles. "The effect on managers of the introduction of a balenced scorecard at a local level in a large network organisation." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2007. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10467/.
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The purpose of the research is to understand how unit managers react to and are able to engage with a newly devised centralised performance measurement system(PMS) based on the balanced scorecard(BSC). The theoretical contribution of this study is to establish the behaviours which may contributeto or hinder the way in which the BSC is accepted and used at a unit level. The knowledge gained and tested in actual practice will prove invaluable.This will not only allow managers to identify and therefore react to areas of probable negativity, but also allow them to encourage and endorse the more positive aspects. The observed research which adopts a process of collaborative inquiry covers a period of 10 months and adopts a longitudinal case study approach. During this time, emphasisis paid upon the role of the reviewing senior manager and those managers responsible for the unit score cards, examining their initial exposure to and deployment of the scorecard, along with its use in eight of the seventeen delivery units. The findings identify that three core elements exist within a performance environment.These consist of the performance strategy, its PMS and the performance encounter where performance improvement are ultimately realised. Within the centre core there exists both an emotional and behavioural reaction determining either the success or demise of the overall performance management and its measurement system. The research concludes by evaluating the lessons derived from the interactions within the performance environment.The study focuses on how considerations such as personal control and influence,when linked to understanding, knowledge and contribution impact on the level of perceived ownership and accountability felt by individuals. By addressing these areas organisations are able to ensure a more successful use of a centrally devised BSC approach across its exposure,deployment and usage.
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Tzioumis, Konstantinos. "Essays on managerial incentives : relative performance evaluation, stock option introduction, union effect and politics in CEO compensation in the U.S." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.420989.
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Gill, Althea. "Investigation of the effect of customer-supplier relationships in the die and mold industry on the introduction of new products /." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487949150070032.
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Bras, Audrey. "Indentification des facteurs sous-tendant l'invasion fulgurante d'un insecte asiatique en Europe, la pyrale du buis : approche génétique et biologique." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2034/document.
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Depuis les années 1990, on observe une accélération de la vitesse de propagation après établissementd’une grande partie des insectes introduits accidentellement en Europe. L’invasion fulgurante de lapyrale du buis, Cydalima perspectalis, est un exemple de ce phénomène. Observée pour la premièrefois en 2007 en Allemagne, elle s’est ensuite propagée jusqu’au Caucase en une décennie. Il a étérapidement supposé que le commerce de buis d’ornement entre les pays européens et la Chine auraitpermis son introduction tandis que l‘intensification des échanges commerciaux entre pays européensaurait facilité sa propagation à travers le continent. Cependant, certains traits biologiques de l’insecteont également pu favoriser son invasion. Pour mieux comprendre les facteurs impliqués dans soninvasion fulgurante, une approche pluridisciplinaire a été utilisée au cours de cette thèse. Tout d’abord,les routes d’invasion ont été appréhendées avec deux types de marqueurs génétiques. Puis, deux traitsbiologiques ayant pu favoriser son établissement et son expansion ont été étudiés : ses capacités devol et la diapause. Les résultats génétiques ont permis de cibler la partie côtière de la Chine commezone source probable, et suggèrent au moins deux introductions indépendantes depuis la Chine suivipar un phénomène tête de pont probablement lié au commerce d’ornement. Les capacités de volestimées sont élevées et expliqueraient la dispersion de l’insecte à l’échelle locale. De plus, la sortie dediapause influencée par la température a pu permettre l’adaptation du nombre de générations enfonction du climat annuel. Ces deux traits biologiques ont par conséquent dû favoriser son invasion àl’échelle locale mais il apparaît que les activités humaines, en particulier le commerce des plantesornementales, ont joué un rôle majeur dans son invasion fulgurante à large échelle en Europe et auCaucaseSince 1990, recently established non-native insect species appear to be spreading across Europesignificantly faster than before. The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis, is a representative of such arapid spread. First observed in 2007, it spread across Europe to Asia Minor in a decade, damaging onBuxus plants in urban areas as well as in forests. The trade of ornamental box plants between Europeand China has been hypothesized as the invasion pathway of the insect while the trade betweenEuropean countries could explain its fast expansion. The biological traits of the moth may also havefavored its spread. To understand the factors involved in both its invasion and fast expansion, we useda multidisciplinary approach. First, the invasion routes were tentatively assessed using two geneticmarkers. Then, two biological traits, flight capacities and diapause, were studied because they may havepromote its spread. The genetic analyses clearly suggest an origin from Eastern China origin but alsocomplex invasion pathways. Two independent introduction events probably happened directly fromChina followed by bridgehead effects due to ornamental plant trade. The moth flight capacities areimportant but can only explain dispersal at local scale. Moreover, diapause termination was influencedby temperature, which may lead to an adapted number of generation depending on local climate. Thesebiological traits may have favored local invasions. However, our study suggests that human-mediateddispersal played a key role in the fast expansion of C. perspectalis across Europe and Asia Minor
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Blanckenberg, Natasha. "The impact of the introduction of a colposcopy service in a rural sub-district on the uptake of colposcopy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20437.
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Thesis (MMed) -- Stellenbosch University, 2010.Bibliography
Objectives: To describe the establishment of a colposcopy service in a district hospital in a rural sub-district and to assess its impact on the uptake of colposcopy. Design: A retrospective double group cohort study using a laboratory database of cervical cytology results, clinical records and colposcopy clinic registers. Setting: The Overstrand sub-district in the Western Cape: 80 000 people served by 7 clinics and a district hospital in Hermanus, 120 km from its referral hospitals in Cape Town and Worcester. A colposcopy service was established at Hermanus Hospital in 2008. Subjects: All women in the Overstrand sub-district who required colposcopy on the basis of cervical smears done in 2007 and 2009. Outcome measures: The number of women booked for colposcopy at distant referral hospitals in 2007 and at the district hospital is 2009, the proportion of those women who attended colposcopy, the time from cervical smear to colposcopy, comparison between the two years. Results: The uptake of colposcopy booked for distant referral hospitals was 67% in 2007. The uptake improved by 18% to 79% for the local district hospital colposcopy service in 2009 (p=0.06). When analysed excluding patients from an area with no transport to the district hospital, the improvement was more marked at 22% (p=0.02). The delay from cervical smear to colposcopy improved significantly from 170 to 141 days (p=0.02). Conclusion: The establishment of a colposcopy service in a rural sub-district increased the uptake of colposcopy and decreased the delay from cervical smear to colposcopy. This district hospital colposcopy service removed 202 booked patients in one year from the colposcopy load of its referral hospitals.
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Oster, Anat. "Computers in Israeli schools : a case study of the effect of their introduction on children's problem-solving skills and attitudes to learning in science." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269634.
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Henley, Blair. "Analysis of the late Woodland and emergent Mississippian archaeobotanical assemblages at the range site (11S47) the effect of the introduction of maize on feature contents /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1069868061.
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HENLEY, BLAIR. "ANALYSIS OF THE LATE WOODLAND AND EMERGENT MISSISSIPPIAN ARCHAEOBOTANICAL ASSEMBLAGES AT THE RANGE SITE (11S47): THE EFFECT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF MAIZE ON FEATURE CONTENTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1069868061.
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Annink, Marit, and Rebecca Larsson. "Introduction of the Academic Factor Quality Minus Junk to a Commercial Factor Model and its Effect on the Explanatory Power. An OLS Regression on Stock Returns." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254296.
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The ability to predict stock returns is an ability many wish to possess, and in an accurate way as possible. For many years there has been an interest in the field of factor models explaining the returns, with the aim to increase the explanatory power. This is however a complex business since the factors and their improvement of explanatory power need to be significant. Now and then, researchers come up with new significant factors that have a positive impact on models. AQR Capital Management is no exception to this, since they in 2013 presented the factor Quality Minus Junk, earning significant risk-adjusted returns. This bachelor thesis work within mathematical statistics and industrial engineering and management, aims to investigate whether or not the commercial multi-factor model used at the public pension fund Fjärde AP-fonden will be improved by adding the factor Quality Minus Junk, in the sense of explanatory power. The method used is mainly based on multiple linear regression and three three-year time periods are studied ranging from 2010 to 2018. The results from this thesis work show that the QMJ factor provides significant increases in explanatory power for one of three time periods, the most recent period 2016$-$2018. However, since the results are inconclusive further studies are needed in order to better understand how to interpret the results and whether or not to include the QMJ factor in the model.Förmågan att förutsäga aktiers avkastning önskar många besitta, och på ett så precist sätt som möjligt. Under många år har forskning pågått inom området för faktormodeller som förklarar avkastningar, med målet att öka modellernas förklaringsgrad. Detta är dock en komplex verksamhet eftersom faktorerna och deras förbättring av förklaringsgraden måste vara signifikanta för modellen. Då och då kommer forskare fram med nya sådana faktorer som har positiv påverkan på modeller. AQR Capital Management är inget undantag eftersom de 2013 presenterade sin faktor Quality Minus Junk som visar signifikanta riskjusterade avkastningar. Detta kandidatexamensarbete inom matematisk statistik och industriell ekonomi, ämnar att utreda huruvida den kommersiella faktormodellen som används på Fjärde AP-fonden förbättras genom tillägget av faktorn Quality Minus Junk, i förklaringsgradsmening. Metoden som används är till största delen baserad på multipel linjär regression och tre treårsperioder studeras i tidsintervallet 2010 till 2018. Resultaten från detta projekt visar på att faktorn Quality Minus Junk bidrar med signifikanta ökningar av förklaringsgraden för en av tre perioder, den senaste perioden 2016-2018. Eftersom resultaten är inkonklusiva krävs vidare studier för att bättre förstå och konkludera vad dessa resultat faktiskt innebär samt för att inkludera QMJ-faktorn i modellen eller ej.
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Larson, Daniel. "Non-indigenous freshwater plants : patterns, processes and risk evaluation /." Uppsala : Dept. of Environmental Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200715.pdf.
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Tian, Ye. "Characterization of laser-induced plasma and application to surface-assisted LIBS for powder and liquid samples." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1292/document.
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La spectroscopie de plasma induit par laser (En anglais LIBS: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy) est une méthode analytique de spectroscopie d'émission optique qui utilise un plasma induit par laser comme source de vaporisation, d'atomisation et d'excitation. Bien que la LIBS ait démontré sa polyvalence et ses caractéristiques attrayantes dans de nombreux domaines, les aspects quantitatifs de la LIBS sont considérés comme son talon d'Achille. D'un point de vue fondamental, cela peut être dû à la nature complexe du plasma induit par laser comme source d'émission spectroscopique. La caractérisation temporelle et spatiale du plasma induit par laser est considérée comme l'un des points clés pour comprendre les fondements de la technique LIBS. D'autre part, la LIBS est habituellement caractérisée par l'utilisation d'une ablation laser directe, sans traitement préalable de l'échantillon. Cela pourrait être assez limitant en particulier pour certains types de matériaux tels que des poudres ou des liquides. Une préparation adéquate ou un traitement approprié de l'échantillon permettant le dépôt d'un film mince et homogène de l'échantillon sur une surface métallique pourrait grandement augmenter le potentiel de la LIBS en vue d'obtenir de meilleures performances analytiques, et notamment une meilleure sensibilité et un effet de matrice réduit. On parle alors de LIBS assistée par surface car la matrice métallique contribue à une augmentation de la température du plasma. Le présent travail de thèse est donc motivé par deux aspects importants de la technique LIBS: la connaissance du plasma induit par laser comme source d'émission spectroscopique, et de nouvelles méthodes de préparation des échantillons pour améliorer la performance analytique de la LIBS, notamment pour des échantillons comme poudres et liquides visqueux. La première partie de cette thèse (chapitre 2) est consacrée à la caractérisation du plasma induit sur des échantillons de verre, en fonction de la longueur d'onde du laser, infrarouge (IR) ou ultraviolet (UV), et du gaz ambiant, de l'air ou de l'argon. L'imagerie spectroscopique et la spectroscopie d'émission résolue en temps et en espace sont utilisées pour le diagnostic du plasma. La deuxième partie de cette thèse est de développer des méthodes de préparation d'échantillons, déposés sur des surfaces métalliques pour l'analyse LIBS de poudres ainsi que de vins comme exemples de liquide. Au chapitre 3, nous avons appliqué la LIBS pour l'analyse quantitative dans des poudres (exemples de poudres : cellulose, alumine ainsi que de la terre). Au chapitre 4, nous avons appliqué la LIBS pour la classification des vins français selon leurs régions de production. Deux modèles de classification basées sur l'analyse des composants principaux (PCA) et la forêt aléatoire (RF) sont utilisés pour la classification. A l'aide de ces applications, ce travail de thèse démontre l'efficacité de la méthode LIBS assistée par surface pour l'analyse de poudres (cellulose, alumine et sols) et de liquides (vins), avec une limite de détection dans l'ordre de ou sous la ppm et une réduction significative de l'effet de matriceLaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical method with optical emission spectroscopy that uses a laser pulse to vaporize, atomize, and excite a hot plasma as the spectroscopic emission source. Although LIBS has demonstrated its versatility and attractive features in many fields, the quantitative analysis ability of LIBS is considered as its Achilles’ heel. From a fundamental point of view, this can be due to the complex nature of laserinduced plasma as the spectroscopic emission source for LIBS application. The temporal and spatial characterization of laser-induced plasma is considered as one of the key points for the LIBS technique. On the other hand, from the analytical point of view, LIBS is usually characterized by direct laser ablation. This can be however quite limiting, especially for some types of materials such as powders or liquids. Proper sample preparation or treatment allowing the deposition of a thin homogeneous film on a metallic surface could greatly improve the analytical performance of LIBS for these types of materials. Since the metallic surface is expected to contribute to increase the temperature and the density of the plasma and, consequently, to a better overall sensitivity, we call this technique surface-assisted LIBS. The present thesis work is therefore motivated by two basic aspects of LIBS analysis: the need of an improved knowledge of laser-induced plasma as a spectroscopic emission source, and new methods to improve the analytical performance of LIBS, including a higher sensibility and a reduced matrix effect. The first part of this thesis (Chapter 2) is dedicated to an extensive characterization of the plasma induced on glass samples, as a function of the laser wavelength, infrared (IR) or ultraviolet (UV), and the ambient gas, air or argon. Both the spectroscopic imaging and time- and space-resolved emission spectroscopy are used for plasma diagnostics in this work. The second part of this thesis is to develop a surface-assisted LIBS method for the elemental analysis in powders, and in wines as examples of liquids. We applied the surface-assisted LIBS for the quantitative elemental analysis in cellulose powders, alumina powders, and soils (Chapter 3). Special attentions are paid on the figures-of-merit, matrix effects, and normalization approaches in LIBS analysis. We also used the surfaceassisted LIBS for the classification of French wines according to their production regions (Chapter 4). Two classification models based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest (RF) are used for the classification. Through these applications, this thesis work demonstrates the efficiency of the surface-assisted LIBS method for the analysis of powders (cellulose, alumina and soils) and of liquids (wines), with ppm or sub-ppm sensitivities and a reduced matrix effect
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Outlioua, Ahmed. "Exploration des cytokines pro-inflammatoires et de l’inflammasome NLRP3 dans les infections intracellulaires : cas de H. pylori et des virus à ARN Gastric IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-17A expression in Moroccan patients infected with Helicobacter pylori may be a predictive signature of severe pathological stages RNA viruses promote activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome through cytopathogenic effect-induced potassium efflux The heme-regulated inhibitor is a cytosolic sensor of protein misfolding that controls innate immune signaling The Role of Optineurin in Antiviral Type I Interferon Production Possible introduction of Leishmania tropica to urban areas determined by epidemiological and clinical profiles of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Casablanca (Morocco)." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASL029.
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Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) est une bactérie qui infecte l’estomac et induit une gastrite inflammatoire, qui peut être chronique et évoluer vers un cancer gastrique. La sévérité de l’infection et son évolution clinique sont associées aux différents facteurs notamment le statut immunitaire de l’hôte. La réponse inflammatoire initiale à l'infection à H. pylori entraîne la sécrétion d'un large panel de cytokines, notamment l'interleukine-1β (IL-1β), l'IL-8 et l'IL-17A. qui semblent jouer un rôle clé dans l'initiation et la progression du cancer gastrique. Parmi ces cytokines, l'IL-1β est une cytokine clé au cours de l’infection à H. pylori dont l’expression est étroitement associée à l'inflammation gastrique et à la carcinogenèse. La production de cette cytokine dépend de l'activation de l'inflammasome, en particulier l'inflammasome NLRP3. Ce dernier, responsable de l’activation des processus inflammatoires, est essentiel pour le maintien de l'homéostasie contre diverses infections pathogènes telles les infections bactérienne et virale.L’objectif général de ce travail est i) d’étudier l’expression et le polymorphisme des gènes de cytokines comme IL-1β, IL-17 et IL-8 chez des patients marocains infectés par H. pylori. ii) explorer l’activation de l'inflammasome NLRP3 par H. pylori et déterminer les mécanismes impliqués dans l'activation de ce complexe par des virus à ARN ; connus comme des activateurs définis de NLRP3.Nos résultats ont souligné une prévalence élevée de H. pylori et ont mis en évidence une signature cytokinique : elle peut prédire la métaplasie au cours de la progression de l'infection à H. pylori impliquant une diminution de l’expression de l'IL17A dans l’antre et une augmentation de l’expression de l'IL-1β dans le fundus. Plus particulièrement, les polymorphismes génétiques de l’IL-1β (IL-1β -31 et -511) ne semblent pas influencer l’expression de l’IL-1β de manière significative.Au regard des difficultés rencontrés pour l’isolement et la culture de H. pylori, nous avons utilisé le LPS de H. pylori pour stimuler l’inflammasome. Nos résultats montrent que la transfection des cellules in vitro par le LPS bactérien induit la production de l’IL-1β qui semble être modulée par la caspase 4, NOD1 et NOD2. Par ailleurs, bien qu’il soit clairement établi que les virus à ARN induisent l’activation de l’inflammasome NLRP3, les mécanismes par lesquels ces virus induisent la production d'IL-1β ne sont pas bien compris et restent à confirmer. Les résultats de cette partie du travail ont montré que la réplication des virus à ARN cytopathogènes tels que le virus de la stomatite vésiculaire (VSV) ou le virus de l'encéphalomyocardite (EMCV) induit une mort cellulaire lytique conduisant à un efflux de potassium qui déclenche l'activation de l'inflammasome NLRP3. Ainsi, les virus à forte capacité de réplication et qui ont un effet cytopathique sont capables d'induire l'activation de la caspase-1 conduisant à la production d'IL-1β. A l'inverse, les virus qui induisent une très bonne réponse IFN de type I sont de très mauvais inducteurs de l'inflammasome NLRP3.Une meilleure compréhension de l’activation de l’inflammasome pourrait aider dans la mise au point de stratégies thérapeutiques ciblées utilisables dans la lutte contre les infections bactérienne et virale.Mots clés : Helicobacter pylori, inflammation, inflammasome NLRP3, IL-1β, virus à ARNHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacteria that infects the stomach and induces inflammatory gastritis, which can be chronic and progress to gastric cancer. The severity of the infection and its clinical course are associated with various factors including the immune status of the host. The initial inflammatory response to H. pylori infection results in the secretion of a wide range of cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-8 and IL-17A. which appear to play a key role in the initiation and progression of gastric cancer. Among these cytokines, IL-1β is a key cytokine during H. pylori infection whose expression is associated with gastric inflammation and carcinogenesis. The production of this cytokine depends on the activation of the inflammasome, in particular the NLRP3 inflammasome. The latter, responsible of the activation of inflammatory processes, is essential for the maintenance of homeostasis against various pathogenic infections such as bacterial and viral infections.The general objective of this work is i) to study the expression and polymorphism of genes for cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-8 in Moroccan patients infected with H. pylori. ii) explore the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by H. pylori and determine the mechanisms involved in the activation of this complex by RNA viruses; known as defined activators of NLRP3.Our results underlined a high prevalence of H. pylori and demonstrated a cytokine signature: it can predict metaplasia during the progression of H. pylori infection involving a decrease in IL17A expression in the antrum and increased expression of IL-1β in the fundus. In particular, the genetic polymorphisms of IL-1β (IL-1β -31 and -511) do not appear to influence IL-1β expression significantly.In view of the difficulties encountered in isolating and culturing H. pylori, we used LPS from H. pylori to stimulate the inflammasome. Our results show that the transfection of cells in vitro with bacterial LPS induces the production of IL-1β which appears to be modulated by caspase 4, NOD1 and NOD2. Furthermore, while it is clearly established that RNA viruses induce activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, the mechanisms by which these viruses induce IL-1β production are not well understood and remain to be confirmed. The results of this part of the work showed that the replication of cytopathogenic RNA viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) or encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) induces lytic cell death leading to an efflux of potassium which triggers activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Thus, viruses with a high replication capacity and which have a cytopathic effect are capable of inducing the activation of caspase-1 leading to the production of IL-1β. Conversely, viruses which induce type I IFN response are very poor inducers of the NLRP3 inflammasome.A better understanding of the activation of the inflammasome could help in the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for use in the fight against bacterial and viral infections.Key words: Helicobacter pylori, inflammation, NLRP3 inflammasome, IL-1β, RNA virus
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Scally, Andy J. "A practical introduction to medical statistics." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7405.
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noMedical statistics is a vast and ever-growing field of academic endeavour, with direct application to developing the robustness of the evidence base in all areas of medicine. Although the complexity of available statistical techniques has continued to increase, fuelled by the rapid data processing capabilities of even desktop/laptop computers, medical practitioners can go a long way towards creating, critically evaluating and assimilating this evidence with an understanding of just a few key statistical concepts. While the concepts of statistics and ethics are not common bedfellows, it should be emphasised that a statistically flawed study is also an unethical study.[1] This review will outline some of these key concepts and explain how to interpret the output of some commonly used statistical analyses. Examples will be confined to two-group tests on independent samples, using both a continuous and a dichotomous/binary outcome measure.
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LIN, I.-CHEN, and 林奕辰. "Effect of outdoor air introduction on indoor carbondioxide concentration." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/base56.
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碩士國立臺北科技大學
能源與冷凍空調工程系
107
In this study, the improvement of air quality in a laboratory was investigated by several ventilation methods. The first step of this research was to calculate the theoretical air volume flow rate required in this laboratory. The second step was to test three ventilation conditions, including: no ventilation equipment, a ventilation fan, and an energy recovery ventilator. The concentration of carbon dioxide in each conditions was detected and recorded for eight hours. Finally, the third step was to study six combination of air inlet locations of energy recovery ventilator. The effect of swirl-flow fan was also tested. The test results showed that carbon-dioxide concentration is significantly reduced by turning on the energy recovery ventilator. Yet, the swirl-flow fan did not make much difference. Several design guidelines for selecting the locations of ventilation air inlet are determined, and the air quality of the laboratory can be improved.
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Ansolabehere, Stephen, and David Konisky. "The Introduction of Voter Registration and Its Effect on Turnout." 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/18099.
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Lu, Yi-Ting, and 陸薏婷. "The effect of Manager Reputation on the wealth effect of New Product Introduction announcements." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90472186505641165789.
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碩士國立成功大學
國際企業研究所碩博士班
95
There are some scholars had examined the success factors of new product introduction (NPI) such as the senior management support, effective leadership, top management commitment and team characteristics. However, nearly no study linked manager reputation and NPI. Additionally, considering the high uncertainty and information asymmetry of NPI, it is hard for investors to evaluate a firm’s NPI announcement. Since manager reputation has a certifying effect on firm value, a reputable manager can convey the value of their firm more credibly to outsiders. Therefore, we want to investigate whether investors will assess NPI by the indicator of manager reputation. Our first hypothesis is: firms with greater CEO reputation will have positive wealth effect of new product introduction. Besides, we also want to examine whether the degree of information asymmetry positively moderates the effect of CEO reputation on the market reactions to NPI announcements. We collect data from the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) and LexisNexis databases in public-traded sample firms which had announced new product introductions. The sample period is from 1994 to 2004. Our finding suggests that firms with greater CEO reputation will have positive wealth effect of NPI announcements. In other word, under an information asymmetry environment, outsiders will rely on manager reputation to measure of firm’s announcements of NPI. However, our finding does not support the hypothesis about the effect of the degree of information asymmetry has significantly positively influence on the effect of CEO reputation on the market reactions to NPI announcements.
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Yeh, Hsin Hui, and 葉芯惠. "Information Effect of the Introduction Mobile Finance in the Banking Industry." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94009921302004381881.
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碩士中國文化大學
國際企業管理學系碩士在職專班
103
This study used event study to investigate the shareholders effect of internet banking service pattern and mobile banking service pattern in Taiwan during 1996 to 2013. In addition, this study examines whether these explanatory variables are associated with observed cumulative abnormal returns using a regression model. The analytical results demonstrate that average abnormal returns are significantly different sign before the date of the announcement of in implementing internet banking system, on days -7 and -2, and significantly positive after that announcement date, on days +8 and +15. Moreover, the results also show significantly different sign average abnormal returns before the date of the announcement of in implementing mobile banking system, on days -14, -12 and -4, but insignificantly shareholders effect after that announcement date. Empirical findings show that different financial service pattern may arbitrage opportunities for investors, and can be a reference benchmark for companies and investors in decision-making.
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Chen, Tzu-Ching, and 陳姿靜. "The Effect of the Introduction of Weekly Options on the Futures." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36072211152952635524.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
金融系碩士班金融組
102
This study takes six-month before and after introduction of weekly options as data for nearby and deferred month of TAIEX Futures、Electronic Sector Index Futures and Finance Sector Index Futures. To discuss the effect of Futures when weekly options introduced and find out whether Expiration Effect will happen on Wednesday after introduce. The study was an application of GARCH model and EGARCH model, the conclusion is (1)The payoff increase significantly after the introduction of weekly options but volatility decrease.(2)The payoff and volatility of Futures will be affected by trading volume, it leads to payoff increase significantly, but volatility decrease significantly.(3)The payoff of Futures on Wednesday after introduction of weekly options increase significantly, this result proof it has Expiration effect.
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Hung, Sue-Chen. "THE EFFECT OF TTT INTRODUCTION ON SPOT-FUTURES AND SPOT-OPTIONS ARBITRAGES." 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-2107200420392900.
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Pao, In-Nga, and 鮑燕雅. "Effect of Prioritization of RPN in PFMEA for ODM New Product Introduction." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82128410868438229744.
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碩士國立交通大學
管理學院工業工程與管理學程
99
The RPN methodology is a technique for analyzing the risk associated with potential problems identified in the FMEA. In the convential RPN, it is regarding the failure mode as independent and does not consider the correlation among failure mode and caused of failure, which may impact the priority rank setting due to ignores those secenarios that same failure modes are caused by the different reasons or different failure modes are casued by the same reasons. This thesis studies the correlation between DOA (Dead on Arrival) and Process PFMEA by one of the product history data in Company W. After mapping the DOA major defects and their releated PFMEA potential failure modes, found those major defects had been recorded into the PFMEA form before, however, it is neglected and caused the loss due to their low risk ranking. However, if it applies the correlation among failure mode and caused of failures into consideration and replacing the convential RPN to recalculate the priority ranking, it can improve and reduce the DOA and raise the PFMEA benefit for new product introduction.
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Gavarre, Eric. "Introduction to the human gut microbiota and its effect in weight regulation." Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/15328.
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There has been a rapid increase in the number of overweight and obese individuals worldwide in the past 50 years. It has been assumed that an increased caloric intake and a more sedentary lifestyle are the main causes of this rise. However, recent evidence has shown that the microbes that live in the human gastrointestinal tract may play a role in the regulation of weight and obesity development. These microbes, termed the gut microbiota, are commensal and symbiotic microbes that are densely populated throughout an individual's gastrointestinal tract. This paper presents the relevant research and possible mechanisms of how these microbes, mainly bacteria, are thought to play a role in weight regulation and obesity.
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Lin, Mau-Ling, and 林茂鈴. "The Effect of New i-Phone Product Introduction on Taiwanese Stock Markets." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70772390472861510182.
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碩士國立雲林科技大學
財務金融系
102
This study uses the event study methodology to investigate the abnormal returns of Apple Inc.’s suppliers in Taiwan, and it reviews the variables influence on abnormal returns. The event dates are the new product introduction of the Apple Inc. iPhone 5 from 2012. The object of this study is the Taiwanese electronics industry, and the events are the product introduction of the new iPhone 5 product in 2012. Stock return data from 2012 to 2013 was used. Sample companies were selected by analyst reports, and the suppliers were screened by public announcement. Finally a total of 119 companies were selected in this study from among the Apple Inc.’s suppliers. Empirical results support the new product introduction effect, there are early responders to the phenomenon. In addition, there are negative reactions in the tendency of over-correction after the day of introduction. The overall conclusion will suggest investors to invest in related companies with new product announcement. And investors should arrange companies with new product introduction. It will have the optimum when invest in semiconductor firms which supply electronic components are considered with Earnings Per Share.
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Hung, Sue-Chen, and 洪淑貞. "THE EFFECT OF TTT INTRODUCTION ON SPOT-FUTURES AND SPOT-OPTIONS ARBITRAGES." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91001076777711528553.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
財務金融學研究所
92
This paper uses cost-of-carry model to simulate spot-futures pricing relationship, and uses put-call parity and boundary condition of call and put to simulate spot-option pricing relationship. The empirical results support that spot-futures pricing relationship tense after TTT launching, especially for short arbitrage. The frequency and size of ex post and ex ante violation decrease in the post-TTT period for short arbitrage, but not for long arbitrage. The evidence is consistent with the notion that TTT reduces arbitrage opportunity and leads to the improvements of fewer short-sale restrictions, smaller transaction cost and smaller transaction cost for short arbitrage. For imitating boundary condition of call, we find the frequency and size of ex post and ex ante violation significantly diminish since TTT began trading. However the result is insignificant for put boundary condition. As for simulating put-call parity, the frequency and size of ex post and ex ante violation significantly diminish after TTT introduction for short arbitrage, but is significant for long arbitrage. The evidences are the same as the spot-futures pricing relationship that TTT leads to the improvement of fewer short-sale restrictions, smaller transaction cost and smaller transaction cost for short arbitrage. This paper uses cost-of-carry model to simulate spot-futures pricing relationship, and uses put-call parity and boundary condition of call and put to simulate spot-option pricing relationship. The empirical results support that spot-futures pricing relationship tense after TTT launching, especially for short arbitrage. The frequency and size of ex post and ex ante violation decrease in the post-TTT period for short arbitrage, but not for long arbitrage. The evidence is consistent with the notion that TTT reduces arbitrage opportunity and leads to the improvements of fewer short-sale restrictions, smaller transaction cost and smaller transaction cost for short arbitrage. For imitating boundary condition of call, we find the frequency and size of ex post and ex ante violation significantly diminish since TTT began trading. However the result is insignificant for put boundary condition. As for simulating put-call parity, the frequency and size of ex post and ex ante violation significantly diminish after TTT introduction for short arbitrage, but is significant for long arbitrage. The evidences are the same as the spot-futures pricing relationship that TTT leads to the improvement of fewer short-sale restrictions, smaller transaction cost and smaller transaction cost for short arbitrage.
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Chen, Yu-chen, and 陳郁蓁. "The Effect of Internet-based Product Introduction Through Endorsed Message on Brand Trust." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11685108186815342534.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
行銷與流通管理研究所
99
This study investigates the effect of product introduction through internet pages using two types of endorsed messages (third party organization endorsement symbol and typical consumer endorsement) on brand trust and purchase intention. Research subjects were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in 2(with TPO symbol, without TPO symbol) × 2(with typical consumer endorsement, without typical consumer endorsement) factorial design. In the design, the consumer self-confidence is conceptualized as a moderating variable, whereas brand familiarity is treated as control variable. The Sebamed Clear Face Active Cleansing Foam was employed as a testing object in the study. The whole experiment was conducted in an internet-based website. The results indicate that in high brand familiarity, the endorsement messages by TPO endorsed message and typical consumer endorsement have positive impact on brand trust and consumer‘s self-confidence demonstrates no moderating effect on the above relationship. In low brand familiarity, the endorsement message by typical consumer endorsement has negative effect on brand trust. However, when consumers have high self-confidence, this endorsement messages positively affect brand trust. The result indicates that in comparison with high brand familiarity consumers, consumers with low brand familiarity and high self- confidence rely more on product core messages than on endorsement messages. In this study, consumer-self confidence is a critical factor that decides the effect of endorsement messages on brand trust.
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Swanepoel, Stephen David. "The effect of the introduction of individual performance based remuneration within Alpha Cement." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5557.
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M.B.A.Many organisations have approached employee remuneration in new ways in recent years. Most of these new approaches are based on the principles of aligning a portion of individual or team remuneration to achievement against specific goals. Such systems are most commonly referred to as performance based remuneration systems. Alpha (Pty) Ltd has very recently introduced a performance based remuneration system aimed at individuals within the organisation. It is evident that there is no single system that can be applied across the infinite number of organisations globally, and that developing any ideal performance related system requires careful consideration of many variables. To develop and implement an effective system within any organisation, requires custom tailoring the system to best suit that organisation. This research paper aims to analyse what impact the introduction of an individual performance based remuneration system has had within the cement business unit of Alpha (Pty) Ltd, how the findings of the research compare to the theoretical reference on the subject, and whether there is room for improvement to the existing system.
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Jian, Ting-Yuan, and 簡廷遠. "The Effect of Introduction of Taiwan Top50 Tracker Fund onPrice Efficiency of TAIFEX." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86758871087406936780.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
金融營運所
93
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the IPO of Taiwan Top50 Tracker Fund on price efficiency of TAIFEX. By using F-test and ARMA-GARCH model, we compared the difference size and volatility of the TAIFEX misprice. This tells the efficiency change of the TAIFEX price after the IPO of Taiwan Top50 Tracker Fund. According to the empirical results of these two methods, we found: 1. The misprice size of the TAIFAX decreases obviously after the IPO of Taiwan Top50 Tracker Fund. 2. Both the misprice volatility and the sensitive of the misprice to unexpected impulse decrease and the misprice persistency increases. It seems the price efficiency of TAIFAX increases after the IPO of Taiwan Top 50 Tracker Fund.
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Oyetade, Kayode Emmanuel. "Early introduction of cost-effective e-Learning ICTs in schools." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1390.
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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Technology Degree in Information Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015.One of the fundamental characteristics of technology is its ever-changing nature with the continuous release of new models and products almost on a daily basis. It is interesting to note that these new technologies seem to appeal more to the youth than to the old. This might explain why the content of some Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), such as films, TV, and games, are sometimes released with well-defined age ratings, in order to provide guidance to parents and guardians on the suitability of such content for their children. What is surprising is that there are age restrictions for the content presented by ICT devices, but devices themselves do not have any defined age restriction. For example, movies which can be played on computers, have a well-defined age restriction; but computers themselves do not have any defined age restriction. This non-definition of age ratings for ICT devices is certainly a general concern, but it is also a major concern for the education domain which needs to determine the minimum age from which learners should be allowed to use ICTs at school. This problem of the non-definition of age ratings for ICT devices serves as a motivation for this study, whose aim is to determine the factors affecting educators’ perceptions on the age from which learners should be allowed to use ICTs at school. The research objectives unfolding from this aim are: i) To select appropriate theories and models on the factors affecting educators’ perceptions on the age from which learners should be allowed to use ICTs at school; ii) To design a conceptual model of the factors affecting educators’ perceptions on the age from which learners should be allowed to use ICTs at school; iii To empirically test the above conceptual model of the factors affecting educators’perceptions on the age from which learners should be allowed to use ICTs at school; and iv) To make recommendations on the design of eLearning initiatives in schools based on the results of the current study. These four objectives were achieved as follows through the content analysis of existing literature and a survey of 70 primary and secondary school educators from the Camperdown magisterial district in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa: i) Specific personality and child development theories were selected as the theoretical foundation of this study; ii) The conceptual model proposed in this study gave rise to the following hypotheses: The demographics of an educator affect the full functionality, the health, and the self-actualisation of his or her personality as well as his or her perceptions on the age from which learners should be allowed to start using ICTs at school. The full functionality, the health, and the self-actualisation of the personality of an educator all affect his or her perceptions on the age from which learners should be allowed to start using ICTs at school; iii) The empirical testing of the above hypothesized model yielded the following results: the grade or class taught by an educator is the only demographic factor that affects the full functionality, the health, and the self-actualisation of his or her personality; the subject specialisation of an educator is the only demographic variable that affects his or her perceptions on the age from which learners should be allowed to start using ICTs at school; the full functionality, the health, and the self-actualisation of the personality of an educator all affect his or her perceptions on the age from which learners should be allowed to start using ICTs at school; and iv) One of the recommendation of this study is that eLearning pilot projects be designed in ways that clearly consider differences between educators from various subject specialisations. This study identified the need for more research on the effect of personality on the perceptions of educators on the age from which learners should be allowed to start using ICTs, not only at school as it is the case for this study, but also at home. The main contribution of this research is to have found that educators’ personality has an effect on their perceptions on the age from which learners should be allowed to start using ICTs at school, compared to the literature reviewed by this study which seems to be silent on the relationship between the personality of educators and the determination of the age when learners should be allowed to start using ICTs at school.
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Chang, Wei-Ling, and 張瑋玲. "The Effect of Multiple Directorships on Firms' Innovation: A Study of New Product Introduction." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4b79d2.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
企業管理學系
101
In the competitive environment, firms’ ability of innovation is a key to enhancing the competitive advantages and creating profits. Due to the separation of ownership and management, the interests of shareholders and managers are inconsistent on innovation. The role of the Director is to monitor management for shareholders and reduce agency costs. Rather than being viewed as homogeneity by previous studies, outside directors with different backgrounds are in fact heterogeneous. And having multiple directorships also helps outside directors establish connections and accumulate abundant resources. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of multiple directorships on firm’s innovation, and the moderating effect of incentive mechanism and CEO power on multiple directorships-firm innovation relationship. Chen, Ho, Kueh, and Lee (2002) assert that the changes, resulting from new product introduction (NPI) announcements, of a firm’s market value have direct and efficient effects upon its innovative abilities. Hence, this study takes NPI announcements as the proxy of innovation. The samples of this study are from NPI announcements of America public firms during 2000-2011.The empirical results show that multiple directorships do have positive and significant effects upon the market reaction to firms’ NPI announcements. Moreover, incentive mechanism moderates the relationship between multiple directorships and firm's NPI announcements. According to the findings, outside director who holds multiple directorships and fulfills their responsibility will accumulate their own resources and reputation and it benefits firms’ innovation in the same time.
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黃振妙. "The study of two dimensional visual effect based on poster of remains introduction activity." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44706570019684244034.
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Sun, Yu-Huei, and 孫毓徽. "The Effect of the Introduction of DIAMONDS on the Dow Jones Index Futures Pricing Effeciency." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16161746765185391439.
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碩士淡江大學
財務金融學系
91
This paper examines the effect of the introduction of DIAMONDS on the Dow Jones Average Index Spot-Futures pricing relationship and the pricing efficiency on the Dow Jones Average Index Futures market. DIAMONDS are exchange traded funds representing a portfolio of Dow Jones Index component stocks. Being exempt from the up-tick rule and having lower transaction cost, they allow arbitragers easier track the spot portfolio and better engage in index arbitrage. Observations obtained from tick-by-tick Dow Jones Average Index futures transaction and index value data from 6-Oct-1997 through 13-Aug-1998 are used to calculate the size and frequency of ex post and ex ante violations in futures pricing boundaries. The empirical results show that both ex post and ex ante violations reduced after the introduction of DIMONDS and support the hypothesis that the introduction of DIAMONDS in January 1998 has improved the Dow Jones Average Index futures pricing efficiency.
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Wang, Yu-Hao, and 王裕豪. "Development and Effect of “Unity's Game” Material for Introduction-to-Computer of Vocational High School." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5hmb84.
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碩士臺北市立大學
學習與媒材設計學系課程與教學碩士班
106
The main purpose of this study was to develop a Unity–based game material for vocational high schools’ students to learn the hardware unit of basic concepts of computer and to investigate its learning effect. This study adopted quasi-experimental design for conducting an instructional experiment. The subjects are 93 students of first year in a vocational high school in New Taipei City, divided into experimental group(n=46) and control group(n=47). The experimental group accepted the Unity–based game material while the control group accepted traditional teaching method with paper-based textbook. Before and after the experiment, the subjects took tests of basic computer ability and learning achievement test. The experiment lasted for six hours in three weeks. This study employed one way ANCOVA for examining the difference of basic computer ability between two groups, and adopted pair-wised t test for analyzing the difference of experiment group’s learning achievement of computer hardware concepts before and after the instructional experiment. The results showed as follows: (1) Developing Unity-based game materials need high software and hardware cost. In addition, the profession level of developers is high. (2) The learning effect of computer hardware concepts is insignificant between experimental group and control group. In other words, the Unity-based game materials cannot enhance the learning effect as compared to traditional teaching method with paper-based textbook. Keywords: Unity-based game materials, basic computer concepts course, computer-based digital teaching