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Journal articles on the topic 'Introduced birds'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Baker, Jack, Kerinne J. Harvey, and Kris French. "Threats from introduced birds to native birds." Emu - Austral Ornithology 114, no. 1 (March 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu12122.

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2

White, Douglas W., and Edmund W. Stiles. "Bird dispersal of fruits of species introduced into eastern North America." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 8 (August 1, 1992): 1689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-208.

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We compared bird use of fruits of introduced and native plant species to explore the roles of coevolution, ecological fitting, and chance in shaping seed dispersal interactions. Of 45 bird-dispersed species recorded at three sites in central New Jersey, 15 (33%) were nonnative. In fall samples from seed traps and fecal droppings, introduced species accounted for 0.4–14% of fruit biomass overall and 3 – 30% of the biomass of low-quality fruits. Although absolute fruit use declined from fall to winter, relative use of introduced species increased seasonally to as high as half of winter fruit biomass. Heavy use of non-native fruits appears recent; introductions accounted for only 2% of plant species occurrences in fall and winter records of stomach contents for nine passerine species in New England and mid-Atlantic states between 1881 and 1950. Introduced fruits with fall maturation, low-quality pulp, and high durability now rival native species in fruit diets of birds in late fall and winter. The success of introductions demonstrates coadaptation through ecological fitting of preadapted partners; nevertheless, the predominant use of introduced fruits after peak bird migration suggests that introduced fruits may be less well matched to local dispersal opportunities than native ones. Key words: birds, coevolution, fruits, introductions.
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3

Sjöberg, Göran. "Genetic characteristics of introduced birds and mammals." Wildlife Biology 2, no. 1 (January 1996): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1996.014.

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4

Navas, Jorge. "Exotic birds introduced and naturalized in Argentina." Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 4 (2002): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.22179/revmacn.4.12.

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5

Blackburn, Tim M., and Richard P. Duncan. "Determinants of establishment success in introduced birds." Nature 414, no. 6860 (November 2001): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35102557.

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6

Briskie, James V. "Introduced Birds as Model Systems for the Conservation of Endangered Native Birds." Auk 123, no. 4 (October 2006): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25150210.

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7

Briskie, James V. "INTRODUCED BIRDS AS MODEL SYSTEMS FOR THE CONSERVATION OF ENDANGERED NATIVE BIRDS." Auk 123, no. 4 (2006): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2006)123[949:ibamsf]2.0.co;2.

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8

Briskie, James V. "Introduced Birds as Model Systems for the Conservation of Endangered Native Birds." Auk 123, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 949–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/123.4.949.

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9

Blackburn, Tim M., and Phillip Cassey. "Are introduced and re-introduced species comparable? A case study of birds." Animal Conservation 7, no. 4 (November 2004): 427–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1367943004001647.

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10

Ayre, Bronwyn M., David G. Roberts, Ryan D. Phillips, Stephen D. Hopper, and Siegfried L. Krauss. "Effectiveness of native nectar-feeding birds and the introduced Apis mellifera as pollinators of the kangaroo paw, Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 1 (2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt19097.

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Plants pollinated by vertebrates are often visited by native and exotic insects foraging for pollen and nectar. We compared flower visitation rates, foraging behaviour, and the contribution to reproduction of nectar-feeding birds and the introduced honeybee Apis mellifera in four populations of the bird-pollinated Anigozanthos manglesii (Haemodoraceae). The behaviour of floral visitors was quantified with direct observations and motion-triggered and hand-held cameras. Pollinator access to flowers was manipulated by enclosure in netting to either exclude all visitors or to exclude vertebrate visitors only. Apis mellifera was the only insect observed visiting flowers, and the most frequent flower visitor, but primarily acted as a pollen thief. Although birds visited A. manglesii plants only once per week on average, they were 3.5 times more likely to contact the anther or stigma as foraging honeybees. Exclusion of birds resulted in 67% fewer fruits and 81% fewer seeds than flowers left open and unmanipulated. Unnetted flowers that were open to bird and insect pollinators showed pollen-limitation and a large variation in reproductive output within and between sites. Although honeybees have been shown to pollinate other Australian plants, compared to birds, they are highly inefficient pollinators of A. manglesii.
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11

T. Atkinson, Carter, Ruth C. Utzurrum, Joshua O. Seamon, Amy F. Savage, and Dennis A. Lapointe. "Hematozoa of forest birds in American Samoa - evidence for a diverse, indigenous parasite fauna from the South Pacific." Pacific Conservation Biology 12, no. 3 (2006): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060229.

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Introduced avian diseases pose a significant threat to forest birds on isolated island archipelagos, especially where most passerines are endemic and many groups of blood-sucking arthropods are either absent or only recently introduced. We conducted a blood parasite survey of forest birds from the main islands of American Samoa to obtain baseline information about the identity, distribution and prevalence of hematozoan parasites in this island group. We examined Giemsa-stained blood smears from 857 individual birds representing 20 species on Tutuila, Ofu, Olosega, and Ta'u islands. Four hematozoan parasites were identified ? Plasmodium circumflexum (1%, 12/857), Trypanosoma avium (4%,32/857), microfilaria (9%, 76/857), and an Atoxoplasma sp. {<1%, 21857). Infections were found in seven indigenous bird species from the archipelago. Overall prevalence of infection varied significantly among bird species, individual islands, and between Tutuila and the more isolated Manu'a group of islands. Infections with Plasmodium, Trypanosoma, and filarial worms occurred throughout the archipelago, including islands without introduced birds. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall prevalence of infection before and after Hurricane Olaf in February 2005, suggesting that catastrophic hurricanes may influence the dynamics of parasite infections. Given the central location of American Samoa in the South Pacific, it is likely that avian malaria and other hematozoan parasites are indigenous and widespread at least as far as the central South Pacific. Their natural occurrence may provide some immunological protection to indigenous birds in the event that other closely related parasites are accidentally introduced to the region.
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12

SIJBRANDA, D. C., B. D. GARTRELL, Z. L. GRANGE, and L. HOWE. "Use of a real-time PCR to explore the intensity of Plasmodium spp. infections in native, endemic and introduced New Zealand birds." Parasitology 144, no. 13 (July 10, 2017): 1743–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017000919.

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SUMMARYAvian malaria, caused by Plasmodium spp., is an emerging disease in New Zealand (NZ). To detect Plasmodium spp. infection and quantify parasite load in NZ birds, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (qPCR) protocol was used and compared with a nested PCR (nPCR) assay. A total of 202 blood samples from 14 bird species with known nPCR results were tested. The qPCR prevalences for introduced, native and endemic species groups were 70, 11 and 21%, respectively, with a sensitivity and specificity of 96·7 and 98%, respectively, for the qPCR, while a sensitivity and specificity of 80·9 and 85·4% were determined for the nPCR. The qPCR appeared to be more sensitive in detecting lower levels of parasitaemia. The mean parasite load was significantly higher in introduced bird species (2245 parasites per 10 000 erythrocytes) compared with endemic species (31·5 parasites per 10 000 erythrocytes). In NZ robins (Petroica longipes), a significantly lower packed cell volume was found in birds that were positive for Plasmodium spp. compared with birds that were negative. Our data suggest that introduced bird species, such as blackbirds (Turdus merula), have a higher tolerance for circulating parasite stages of Plasmodium spp., indicating that introduced species are an important reservoir of avian malaria due to a high infection prevalence and parasite load.
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13

Kallioinen, RUO, JM Hughes, and PB Mather. "Significance of Back Colour in Territorial Interactions in the Australian Magpie." Australian Journal of Zoology 43, no. 6 (1995): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9950665.

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In eastern Australia, two forms of the Australian magpie occur: a white-backed form and a black-backed form. These two forms hybridise across northern Victoria and into South Australia. In this study the response of territorial magpies to caged intruders was examined. Pairs of adult male magpies were introduced into territories. Both were adult black-backed birds, but in each case one of them had its back painted white. The pair was introduced to each territory twice, with the bird that was painted white differing between times. The experiment was run in a population of black-backed birds and a population in the hybrid zone containing white-backed, black-backed and hybrid birds. In both cases, the residents were more aggressive towards the intruder with the white-back than they were to the black-backed intruder. We suggest that this may be because a white-backed bird posed more of a threat to residents than a black-backed bird.
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14

Fulton, Graham R. "Where is the clamour and clutter of introduced birds?" Pacific Conservation Biology 18, no. 3 (2012): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc130151.

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I write this editorial in the hope it will elicit some response from the conservation readership to produce papers on introduced birds. There is a dearth of research on introduced birds. Why? There is an obvious litany of reasons that spring to mind: 1) they are more drably coloured than native birds, but this is not to say they are ugly; 2) they occur too frequently in suburban habitats, which are less interesting as holiday destinations for field work; 3) they are perceived as less interesting biologically, which is an erroneous perception; 4) they are not endangered and not in need of urgent study; in short, they lack glamour and are
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15

Yoshino, Tomoo, Kazuto Kawakami, Hisayo Hayama, Noriyoshi Ichikawa, Akinori Azumano, Shigeru Nakamura, Daiji Endoh, and Mitsuhiko Asakawa. "A Parasitological Survey on Introduced Birds in Japan." Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology 43, no. 1 (2011): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3312/jyio.43.65.

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16

Buehler, Jake. "Birds introduced to Hawaii evolve in mere decades." New Scientist 242, no. 3230 (May 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(19)30861-9.

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17

FOSTER, JEFFREY T., and SCOTT K. ROBINSON. "Introduced Birds and the Fate of Hawaiian Rainforests." Conservation Biology 21, no. 5 (October 2007): 1248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00781.x.

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18

Henry, Pierre-Yves, Catalina Landeta Salgado, Fanny Paucar Muñoz, and Martin C. Wikelski. "Birds introduced in new areas show rest disorders." Biology Letters 9, no. 5 (October 23, 2013): 20130463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0463.

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All colonizing individuals have to settle in a novel, conspecific-free environment. The introduction process should be poorly compatible with a good rest. We compared the resting behaviour of radio-tagged house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) experimentally translocated into new, conspecific-free areas (introduced individuals, n = 10), with that of translocated sparrows that settled in naturally established populations (controls, n = 5). Resting habits of introduced sparrows markedly differed from those of control birds: they did not vocalize before going to roost, they changed their roosting habitat and they roosted 24 ± 7 min later and departed 13 ± 4 min earlier from the roost, resulting in a 5% rest debt. Because colonizing a new environment is expected to require heightened cognitive and physical activities, which in turn are constrained by the quality and duration of rest, we hypothesize that rest disorders and resulting cognitive impairments of newly released individuals could functionally contribute to the low post-release survival observed in (re)introduction attempts.
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19

Harper, Lee H. "The persistence of ant-following birds in small amazonian forest fragments." Acta Amazonica 19 (1989): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921989191263.

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SUMMARYMist-net captures of army ant-following bird were monitored during the isolation of central Amazonian forest fragments of 1 ha (n = 5), 10 ha (n = 4) and 100 ha (n = 1). Post-isolation captures of the three obligate ant-following birds Dendrocinela merula, Pithys albifrons, and Gymnopithys rufigula decreased significantly in all fragments. post-isolation captures of four facultative ant-following species were not significantly different in forest fragments of 1 ha and 10 ha, although two species decreased significantly in the 100 ha fragment. Experimental introductions of obligate species into small forest fragments in the absence and presence of introduced Eciton burchelli army ant colonies resulted in significantly greater recaptures of introduced birds when active army ant colonies were present. Of the 105 birds introduced, 58 ' 55%) crossed 100-320 m od dedorested area an were recaptured in continuous forest.
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20

Mandon-Dalger, Isabelle, Philippe Clergeau, Jacques Tassin, Jean-Noël Rivière, and Sylvain Gatti. "Relationships between alien plants and an alien bird species on Reunion Island." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 6 (October 14, 2004): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467404001774.

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Many studies have shown that plant or bird invasions can be facilitated by native species, but few have demonstrated the possibility of a positive interaction between introduced species. We analysed the relationships between four invasive alien fleshy-fruited plants, Clidemia hirta, Rubus alceifolius, Lantana camara, Schinus terebinthifolius, and an invasive alien bird, the red-whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus introduced to Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). We compared the distribution of food items in the bulbul diet according to seasons and to abundance classes of this bird. Pycnonotus jocosus is mostly frugivorous and frequently eats the main alien plants (more than 80% frequency of food items). Sites with alien species, such as Clidemia hirta, providing fruits throughout the year supported more birds than sites providing fruits, such as Schinus terebinthifolius, seasonally. The birds facilitated seed germination by removing the pulp of fruit: the final per cent germination (FG) of cleaned seeds was higher than those within the fruit for three of the four plant species and in some cases passage through birds significantly increased FG (Schinus terebinthifolius) or Coefficient of Velocity (CV) (Lantana camara).
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21

Carvalho, Mariana, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Francisco C. Rego, Nelson Sole, Aristides Santana, and John E. Fa. "What motivates hunters to target exotic or endemic species on the island of São Tomé, Gulf of Guinea?" Oryx 49, no. 2 (February 24, 2014): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605313000550.

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AbstractHunting and invasive species are amongst the main causes of species extinctions on oceanic islands. On the island of São Tomé hunting of introduced mammals (monkeys, civets and pigs) and endemic bird species has contrasting effects in terms of conservation. Hunting of introduced mammals may benefit native fauna and flora but pressure on endemic birds poses a threat to some species. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 119 hunters to assess the relative importance of native and introduced prey species, gathering information on personal profiles, preference and practice, and hunters’ perceptions of trends in prey populations. Eleven species were hunted, including five invasive mammals and five endemic birds of high conservation importance. Based on species hunted, techniques used and final destination of the quarry we distinguished three groups of hunters, using cluster analyses: bird, monkey and feral-pig hunters. Bird hunters were all from urban areas but most pig hunters were rural. Monkey hunters were mostly rural workers but a small proportion were from urban areas. Bird and monkey hunters were primarily motivated by commercial gains but they also hunted for enjoyment and food. In general, hunting of mammals is an opportunistic activity that, if regulated, can be sustainable and contribute to mitigating the effects of invasive species on local fauna as well contributing to local livelihoods. Given the economic drivers involved in hunting of birds, intervention to reduce or eliminate this form of hunting will require enforcement of legislation and raising awareness of the issues involved.
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22

Alshamlih, Mohammed, Mohamed Alzayer, Faisal Hajwal, May Khalili, and Fares Khoury. "Introduced birds of Saudi Arabia: Status and potential impacts." Journal of King Saud University - Science 34, no. 1 (January 2022): 101651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2021.101651.

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23

Roberts, Peter. "Introduced birds on Assumption Island — a threat to Aldabra." Oryx 22, no. 1 (January 1988): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300027332.

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When the Indian Ocean atoll of Aldabra was added to the World Heritage List in 1982 it concluded 20 years of conservation effort to gain international recognition of its scientific importance. Its native wildlife, which is still remarkably intact, is, however, under threat. Only 27 km away, on Assumption Island, introduced bird species have established and are breeding. The author made a survey in October 1986 and among his findings was the particularly alarming discovery of a large population of red-whiskered bulbuls Pycnonotus jocosus, a nest predator of small passerines. Urgent action is required to remove the introduced species from Assumption, not only to protect Aldabra, but also to pave the way for conservation efforts on Assumption itself.
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24

Davis, Naomi E., Dennis J. O'Dowd, Ralph Mac Nally, and Peter T. Green. "Invasive ants disrupt frugivory by endemic island birds." Biology Letters 6, no. 1 (September 15, 2009): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0655.

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Biological invasions can alter direct and indirect interactions between species, generating far-reaching changes in ecological networks that affect key ecological functions. We used model and real fruit assays to show that the invasion and formation of high-density supercolonies by the yellow crazy ant (YCA), Anoplolepis gracilipes , disrupt frugivory by endemic birds on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. The overall handling rates of model fruits by birds were 2.2–2.4-fold lower in ant-invaded than in uninvaded rainforest, and pecking rates by two bird species declined by 2.6- and 4.5-fold, respectively. YCAs directly interfered with frugivory; their experimental exclusion from fruiting displays increased fruit handling threefold to sixfold, compounding indirect effects of ant invasion on resources and habitat structure that influence bird abundances and behaviours. This invasive ant, whose high densities are sustained through mutualism with introduced scale insects, rapidly decreases fruit handling by endemic island birds and may erode a key ecological function, seed dispersal. Because most other invasive ant species form expansive, high-density supercolonies that depend in part on association with hemipteran mutualists, the effects that we report here on avian frugivore–plant associations may emerge across their introduced ranges.
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25

Catterall, CP, RJ Green, and DN Jones. "Occurrence of Birds in Relation to Plants in a Sub-Tropical City." Wildlife Research 16, no. 3 (1989): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890289.

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Habitat use by birds in suburbs of Brisbane, Queensland was studied during winter, at sites with relatively similar habitat features near to (0.25-0.5km) and far from (2-3km) a eucalypt forest. Variation in other factors was restricted. Distance from native forest was found to have little influence on abundance of birds in suburban habitats. House sparrows and willie wagtails were relatively more abundant at the far sites. Most of the more common forest-dwelling species were not common in either near or far suburbs. There was little similarity in relative abundance of bird species between the forest and either the near or far suburbs. A similarity in species diversity and positive correlations in species abundance between near and far sites indicate that most species are either forest or suburb 'specialists'. Native birds were more selective in their choice of plant category than introduced birds, and had a high probability of using certain native and exotic plant species, and a lower probability of using others. Although generally more abundant, introduced birds did not have a high probability of using any plant genus or type. Birds in the area studied are probably altering their patterns of habitat use in response to changes in food availability.
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26

Murphy, Elaine C., Rachel J. Keedwell, Kerry P. Brown, and Ian Westbrooke. "Diet of mammalian predators in braided river beds in the central South Island, New Zealand." Wildlife Research 31, no. 6 (2004): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03033.

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In New Zealand, five of the six endemic bird species that breed primarily in South Island braided river beds are classed as threatened. A major cause of decline for these species is predation by introduced mammals, and predator-trapping programs are undertaken in the braided rivers of the Mackenzie Basin to protect them. Trapping programs carried out between September 1997 and April 2001 provided the opportunity to investigate predator diet from the gut contents of 375 cats (Felis catus), 371 ferrets (Mustela furo) and 86 stoats (Mustela erminea). As a percentage frequency of occurrence of the main prey items, cat diet consisted of lagomorphs (present in 70% of guts), birds (in 47%), lizards (30%) and invertebrates (36%). Ferret diet consisted of lagomorphs (69%) and birds (28%). Stoat diet consisted of lagomorphs (50%), birds (51%), lizards (21%) and invertebrates (23%). The frequency of occurrence of birds in all three predators was higher in the spring/summer of 1997 – immediately after rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) was introduced – than in any other previous diet study on these braided rivers. This suggests that RHD did lead to increased predation pressure on birds, at least in the short term.
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27

Mathys, Blake A., and Julie L. Lockwood. "Contemporary morphological diversification of passerine birds introduced to the Hawaiian archipelago." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1716 (January 5, 2011): 2392–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2302.

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Species that have been introduced to islands experience novel and strong selection pressures after establishment. There is evidence that exotic species diverge from their native source populations; further, a few studies have demonstrated adaptive divergence across multiple exotic populations of a single species. Exotic birds provide a good study system, as they have been introduced to many locations worldwide, and we often know details concerning the propagule origin, time of introduction, and dynamics of establishment and dispersal within the introduced range. These data make them especially conducive to the examination of contemporary evolution. Island faunas have received intense scrutiny, therefore we have expectations concerning the patterns of diversification for exotic species. We examine six passerine bird species that were introduced to the Hawaiian archipelago less than 150 years ago. We find that five of these show morphological divergence among islands from the time since they were established. We demonstrate that some of this divergence cannot be accounted for by genetic drift, and therefore we must consider adaptive evolution to explain it. We also evaluate evolutionary divergence rates and find that these species are diverging at similar rates to those found in published studies of contemporary evolution in native species.
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Mascarenhas, Carolina Silveira, Fabiana Fedatto Bernardon, Silvia Gastal, and Gertrud Müller. "Checklist of the parasitic nasal mites of birds in Brazil." Systematic and Applied Acarology 23, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 1672. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.8.15.

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The diversity of avian nasal mites has been incompletely studied in South America and most reports have been made on the fauna of Brazil, especially from the 1940s to 1970s. Recently, the development of new research has contributed records of species not previously reported in the country. As a result, a compilation of records of nasal mites (Astigmata: Cytoditidae, Turbinoptidae; Prostigmata: Ereynetidae; Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) of birds in Brazil is presented. One hundred and twenty-four species of nasal mites were recorded parasitizing 168 bird species. The Rhinonyssidae was the family with the highest number of mites reported (108 species). Most nasal mite hosts in Brazil are native birds, however, mites have also been reported parasitizing captive exotic birds, as well as introduced species and domesticated birds.
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29

MacMillan, Douglas C., and Nigel Leader-Williams. "When successful conservation breeds conflict: an economic perspective on wild goose management." Bird Conservation International 18, S1 (August 7, 2008): S200—S210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270908000282.

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AbstractWild bird conservation in the UK is a widely regarded as a success story. The populations of many endangered species have grown or at least stabilised, birds that were last seen in the UK over 100 years ago have been successfully re-introduced, and bird watching makes an increasingly important contribution to the rural economy in terms of employment and income. Nevertheless, some wild birds also generate costs and some deep rooted conflicts persist with other rural activities such as farming and game shooting. This paper describes a conceptual framework for understanding the costs and benefits of wild birds and, using wild goose conservation in the island of Islay as a case study, explores whether continued public investment in wild goose conservation is worthwhile from an economic perspective. The paper concludes with a discussion about future options for integrating wild bird conservation with sustainable rural development.
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30

Snoeck, Chantal J., Adeniyi T. Adeyanju, Ademola A. Owoade, Emmanuel Couacy-Hymann, Bello R. Alkali, Ulf Ottosson, and Claude P. Muller. "Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus in Wild Birds and Pigeons in West Africa." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 24 (October 11, 2013): 7867–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02716-13.

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ABSTRACTIn West and Central Africa, virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains of the recently identified genotypes XIV, XVII, and XVIII are enzootic in poultry, representing a considerable threat to the sector. The increasing number of reports of virulent strains in wild birds at least in other parts of the world raised the question of a potential role of wild birds in the spread of virulent NDV in sub-Saharan Africa as well. We investigated 1,723 asymptomatic birds sampled at live-bird markets and sites important for wild-bird conservation in Nigeria and 19 sick or dead wild birds in Côte d'Ivoire for NDV class I and II. Typical avirulent wild-type genotype I strains were found in wild waterfowl in wetlands in northeastern Nigeria. They were unrelated to vaccine strains, and the involvement of inter- or intracontinental migratory birds in their circulation in the region is suggested. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that genotype VI strains found in pigeons, including some putative new subgenotype VIh and VIi strains, were introduced on multiple separate occasions in Nigeria. A single virulent genotype XVIII strain was found in a dead wild bird in Côte d'Ivoire, probably as a result of spillover from sick poultry. In conclusion, screening of wild birds and pigeons for NDV revealed the presence a variety of virulent and avirulent strains in West Africa but did not provide strong evidence that wild birds play an important role in the spread of virulent strains in the region.
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Work, Thierry M., J. Gregory Massey, David S. Lindsay, and J. P. Dubey. "Toxoplasmosis in Three Species of Native and Introduced Hawaiian Birds." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 5 (October 2002): 1040. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3285558.

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32

Pejchar, Liba. "Introduced birds incompletely replace seed dispersal by a native frugivore." AoB Plants 7 (2015): plv072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plv072.

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Work, Thierry M., J. Gregory Massey, David S. Lindsay, and J. P. Dubey. "Toxoplasmosis in Three Species of Native and Introduced Hawaiian Birds." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 5 (October 2002): 1040–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1040:titson]2.0.co;2.

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Hanmer, Hugh J., Rebecca L. Thomas, and Mark D. E. Fellowes. "Introduced Grey Squirrels subvert supplementary feeding of suburban wild birds." Landscape and Urban Planning 177 (September 2018): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.04.004.

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Lockwood, Julie L., Michael P. Moulton, and Richard K. Brooke. "MORPHOLOGICAL DISPERSION OF THE INTRODUCED LAND-BIRDS OF SAINT HELENA." Ostrich 67, no. 3-4 (December 1996): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00306525.1996.9639695.

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King, Richard S., Justin J. Trutwin, Travis S. Hunter, and Dana M. Varner. "Effects of environmental stressors on nest success of introduced birds." Journal of Wildlife Management 77, no. 4 (March 25, 2013): 842–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.528.

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Hansen, Dennis M., Jens M. Olesen, and Carl G. Jones. "Trees, birds and bees in Mauritius: exploitative competition between introduced honey bees and endemic nectarivorous birds?" Journal of Biogeography 29, no. 5-6 (May 2002): 721–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00720.x.

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38

Roland and Julia Seitre. "Causes of land-bird extinctions in French Polynesia." Oryx 26, no. 4 (October 1992): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300023747.

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During a 4-month study in French Polynesia, the authors visited 28 islands, seven of which had never been explored by ornithologists. They collected ecological data on endemic land birds, introduced animals and habitats, focusing particularly on the factors involved in population declines and extinctions. As well as hunting and habitat destruction, it appears that introduced predators play a major role, with the roof rat Rattus rattus being the most dangerous. Rapid action to eradicate introduced predators, coupled with translocations, would be the most effective way to ensure the survival of the remaining bird species.
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39

Grant, Malin, Caroline Bröjer, Siamak Zohari, Maria Nöremark, Henrik Uhlhorn, and Désirée S. Jansson. "Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI H5Nx, Clade 2.3.4.4.b) in Poultry and Wild Birds in Sweden: Synopsis of the 2020–2021 Season." Veterinary Sciences 9, no. 7 (July 8, 2022): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070344.

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Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI, Gs/Gd lineage) was introduced to Europe in 2005 and has since caused numerous outbreaks in birds. The 2020–2021 season was the hitherto most devastating when considering bird numbers and duration in Europe. Surveillance data, virologic results and epidemiologic investigations from the 2020–2021 outbreaks in Sweden were analysed. Subtypes H5N8 and H5N5 were detected on 24 farms with poultry or other captive birds. In wild birds, subtypes H5N8, H5N5, H5N1, H5N4, H5Nx were detected in 130 out of 811 sampled birds. There was a spatiotemporal association between cases in wild birds and poultry. Based on phylogeny and epidemiology, most of the introductions of HPAI to commercial poultry were likely a result of indirect contact with wild birds. A definite route of introduction to poultry could not be established although some biosecurity breaches were observed. No spread between farms was identified but airborne spread between flocks on the same farm was suspected. Our findings exemplify the challenges posed by the continuously changing influenza viruses that seem to adapt to a broader species spectrum. This points to the importance of wild bird surveillance, compliance to biosecurity, and identification of risk factors for introduction on poultry farms.
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Liebl, Andrea L., and Lynn B. Martin. "Exploratory behaviour and stressor hyper-responsiveness facilitate range expansion of an introduced songbird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1746 (September 5, 2012): 4375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.1606.

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Global anthropogenic changes are occurring at an unprecedented rate; one change, human-facilitated introduction of species outside their native range, has had significant ecological and economic impacts. Surprisingly, what traits facilitate range expansions post-introduction is relatively unknown. This information could help predict future expansions of introduced species as well as native species shifting their ranges as climate conditions change. Here, we asked whether specific behavioural and physiological traits were important in the ongoing expansion of house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ) across Kenya. We predicted that birds at the site of initial introduction (Mombasa, introduced approx. 1950) would behave and regulate corticosterone, a stress hormone, differently than birds at the range edge (Kakamega, approx. 885 km from Mombasa; colonized within the last 5 years). Specifically, we predicted greater exploratory behaviour and stronger corticosterone response to stressors in birds at the range edge, which may facilitate the identification, resolution and memory of stressors. Indeed, we found that distance from Mombasa (a proxy for population age) was a strong predictor of both exploratory behaviour and corticosterone release in response to restraint (but only while birds were breeding). These results suggest that certain behavioural and neuroendocrine traits may influence the ability of species to colonize novel habitats.
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Vander Velder, Felipe. "Things that white men have in great quantity: Chickens and other exotic birds among Karitiana (Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon)." Etnografia. Praktyki, Teorie, Doświadczenia, no. 5 (December 30, 2019): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etno.2019.5.02.

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This article discusses the inclusion of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus, Linnaeus 1758) and other exotic bird species as part of the knowledge and practices related to birds (an ethnoornithology) among the Karitiana, a Tupi-Arikém-speaking indigenous people in the northern part of the state of Rondônia, in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon . Chickens are believed to have been introduced to the Amazon basin after contact with non-indigenous population, although this claim is controversial . They were initially associated with certain native birds . However, certain remarkable characteristics of these birds soon sparked reflection through which the species was gradually distinguished from the birds of the forest . These reflections influence how the Karitiana currently relate to chickens, which includes raising them in the villages, a practice encouraged by public policies related to food production, security, and sovereignty .
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Awad, Simon, Izabella Rząd, and Przemysław Busse. "The Ringing Site In Jericho (Palestine) – Development Of Bird Migration And Parasitological Research On The Great Rift Valley Flyway." Ring 35, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ring-2013-0003.

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ABSTRACT A new research project near Jericho in the Jordan Valley (Palestine) was launched on 10 September 2013, work continued until October 23rd 2013. Standard ornithological work and bird ringing work was conducted using mist nets situated in an oasis type habitat of Wadi Qelt surrounded by palm plantations. The field methods followed the SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network) standards that include apart from ringing of captured birds, also several measurements (wing length, tail length, wing formula) and scores (fat load and body mass), as well as the studies on the directional preferences of migrants using round, flat orientation cages. Ornithological research was enhanced by parasitological studies analysing migratory birds (hosts) - helminths relations during migration period of the former. This was a part of complex studies covering the Middle East and north African ringing sites. Altogether 481 individuals of birds representing 59 species were ringed and about 50 were retrapped. The most interesting was relatively high share of Masked and Red-backed shrikes as well as good number of birds of local species as Dead Sea Sparrows and introduced Indian Silverbills.
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Wang, Lin, Jing Hai Zhu, and Zhong Qiang Ma. "Effects of Beipiao Wind Power Development Planning on Local Birds Ecosystem." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.445.

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Liaoning Beipiao is located in "Three north" wind zone which is one of the regions rich in wind energy resources in China. The area is windy throughout the year suitable for wind energy development and utilization. For the next 12 years, Beipiao government plans to construct 16 key wind energy resource development areas. However, the planning wind farms are located in Liaoxi Corridor for birds migrating must pass by. The wind farm may generate adverse effects to migratory bird ecology in Beipiao. The basic characteristic of bird ecological system in Beipiao area is introduced in the paper. The adverse effects of wind farm on birds and answer measures are discussed as well.
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van Riper, Charles, Sandra G. van Riper, and Wallace R. Hansen. "Epizootiology and Effect of Avian Pox on Hawaiian Forest Birds." Auk 119, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/119.4.929.

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Abstract We determined prevalence and altitudinal distribution of forest birds infected with avian pox at 16 locations on Hawaii, from sea level to tree line in mesic and xeric habitats, during 1977–1980. Isolates from lesions were cultured in the laboratory for positive identification of Poxvirus avium. Infected birds from the wild were brought into the laboratory to assess differences in the course of infection in native versus introduced species. We also documented distributions and activity cycles of potential avian pox vectors.>Native forest birds were (1) more susceptible to avian pox infection than were introduced species, (2) most likely to be infected during the wet season, and (3) found to have a higher prevalence in mesic when compared to xeric forests. Avian pox occurred in forest birds at all elevations, but highest levels were in the mid-elevational ranges (∼1,200 m) where vectors and native birds had the greatest overlap. Temporal and elevational differences in prevalence were apparent throughout the annual cycle. Avian pox probably did not reach epizootic proportions on Hawaii until after introduction of the mosquito and domestic birds in the early 1800s, and since then has had a negative effect on the population dynamics of native forest birds. Today, this introduced disease is an important factor that should be considered in future conservation efforts that are directed at the recovery of native forest birds in Hawaii.
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Lavery, Tyrone H., Masaafi Alabai, Piokera Holland, Cornelius Qaqara, and Nelson Vatohi. "Feral cat abundance, density and activity in tropical island rainforests." Wildlife Research 47, no. 8 (2020): 660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19205.

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Abstract ContextIntroduced predators, especially cats, are a major cause of extinction globally. Accordingly, an extensive body of literature has focussed on the ecology and management of feral cats in continental and island systems alike. However, geographic and climatic gaps remain, with few studies focusing on rainforests or tropical islands of the south-western Pacific. AimsWe aimed to estimate cat densities and elucidate activity patterns of cats and sympatric birds and mammals in tropical island rainforests. We hypothesised that cat activity would be most influenced by the activity of introduced rodents and ground-dwelling birds that are predominant prey on islands. MethodsWe used camera traps to detect feral cats, pigs, rodents and birds on four tropical islands in the south-western Pacific. We used spatial capture–recapture models to estimate the abundance and density of feral cats. Relative abundance indices, and temporal overlaps in activity were calculated for feral cats, pigs, rodents, and birds. We used a generalised linear model to test for the influence of pig, rodent, and bird abundance on feral cat abundance. Key resultsThe species most commonly detected by our camera traps was feral cat, with estimated densities between 0.31 and 2.65 individuals km−2. Pigs and introduced rodents were the second- and third-most commonly detected fauna respectively. Cat activity was bimodal, with peaks in the hours before dawn and after dusk. Cat abundance varied with site and the abundance of rodents. ConclusionsFeral cats are abundant in the tropical rainforests of our study islands, where one bird and two mammal species are now presumed extinct. Introduced rodents possibly amplify the abundance and impacts of feral cats at our sites. Peak cat activity following dusk did not clearly overlap with other species detected by our camera traps. We postulate cats may be partly focussed on hunting frogs during this period. ImplicationsCats are likely to be a major threat to the highly endemic fauna of our study region. Management of feral cats will benefit from further consideration of introduced prey such as rodents, and their role in hyperpredation. Island archipelagos offer suitable opportunities to experimentally test predator–prey dynamics involving feral cats.
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Cole, F. Russell, Lloyd L. Loope, Arthur C. Medeiros, Jane A. Raikes, and Cynthia S. Wood. "Conservation Implications of Introduced Game Birds in High-Elevation Hawaiian Shrubland." Conservation Biology 9, no. 2 (April 1995): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9020306.x.

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CASSEY, PHILLIP. "Life history and ecology influences establishment success of introduced land birds." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 76, no. 4 (July 26, 2002): 465–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00086.x.

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48

ANTOS, MARK J., JAMES A. FITZSIMONS, GRANT C. PALMER, and JOHN G. WHITE. "Introduced birds in urban remnant vegetation: Does remnant size really matter?" Austral Ecology 31, no. 2 (April 2006): 254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01572.x.

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49

Sol, Daniel, and Louis Lefebvre. "Behavioural flexibility predicts invasion success in birds introduced to New Zealand." Oikos 90, no. 3 (September 2000): 599–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.900317.x.

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50

Cummins, George C., Tad C. Theimer, and Eben H. Paxton. "Responses to terrestrial nest predators by endemic and introduced Hawaiian birds." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 4 (January 23, 2020): 1949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6021.

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