Books on the topic 'Intrinsic volume'
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1
Wu, Jianping, and Joseph William Holloway. Red Meat Science and Production: Volume 2. Intrinsic Meat Character. Springer, 2019.
2
Wu, Jianping, and Joseph William Holloway. Red Meat Science and Production: Volume 2. Intrinsic Meat Character. Springer Singapore Pte. Limited, 2020.
3
(Editor), S. S. Kutateladze, and Yu G. Reshetnyak (Editor), eds. A.D. Alexandrov: Selected Works: Intrinsic Geometry of Convex Surfaces - 2 Volume Set (Classics of Soviet Mathematics). CRC, 2005.
4
Oliver, Charles M., and S. Ramani Moonesinghe. Setting rate, volume, and time in ventilatory support. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0093.
Abstract:
Ventilator rate, volume, and time parameters are interrelated directly, mechanically, and physiologically, and interactions between intrinsic pulmonary physio-mechanics, pathology and the effects of mechanical ventilation complex. The physiological consequences of mechanical ventilation and risks of ventilator-induced trauma may be exacerbated by lung pathology. Programming of ventilator parameters should be considered within the context of an individualized ventilatory strategy to achieve adequate gas exchange, while minimizing attendant risks of mechanical ventilation. Recommended strategies should be modified within accepted limits to mitigate disease-specific risks. Parameters should subsequently be titrated against blood gas- and ventilator-derived targets, and other clinical variables.
5
Bloom, Floyd E. Handbook of Physiology: Section 1: The Nervous System Volume IV: Intrinsic Regulatory Systems of the Brain (HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY: SECT 1: NERVOUS SYSTEM). An American Physiological Society Book, 1985.
6
Konrad, Kerstin, Adriana Di Martino, and Yuta Aoki. Brain volumes and intrinsic brain connectivity in ADHD. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0006.
Abstract:
Neuroimaging studies have increased our understanding of the neurobiological underpinnings of ADHD. Structural brain imaging studies demonstrate widespread changes in brain volumes, in particular in frontal-striatal-cerebellar networks. Based on the widespread nature of structural and functional brain abnormalities, approaches able to capture the organizing principles of large-scale neural systems have been used in ADHD. These include diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting state functional MRI (R-fMRI). Complementary to findings of volumetric studies, diffusion investigations have reported structural connectivity abnormalities in frontal-striatal-cerebellar networks. In parallel, R-fMRI studies point towards abnormalities in the interaction of multiple networks, extending the functional territory of explorations beyond cognitive and motor control. In the future, a deep phenotypic characterization beyond diagnostic categories combined with longitudinal study designs and novel analytical approaches will accelerate the pace towards clinical translations of neuroimaging to improve the detection and prediction of neural trajectories and treatment response in ADHD.
7
Vincent, Jean-Louis. Ethical issues in cardiac arrest and acute cardiac care: a European perspective. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0013.
Abstract:
The respiratory system is key to the management of patients with respiratory, as well as haemodynamic, compromise and should be monitored. The ventilator is more than just a machine that delivers gas; it is a true respiratory system monitoring device, allowing the measurement of airway pressures and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure and the plotting of pressure/volume curves. For effective and reliable monitoring, it is necessary to keep in mind the physiology, such as the alveolar gas equation, heart-lung interactions, the equation of movement, etc. Monitoring the respiratory system enables adaptation of not only respiratory management, but also haemodynamic management.
8
Vincent, Jean-Louis. Ethical issues in cardiac arrest and acute cardiac care: a European perspective. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0013_update_001.
Abstract:
The respiratory system is key to the management of patients with respiratory, as well as haemodynamic, compromise and should be monitored. The ventilator is more than just a machine that delivers gas; it is a true respiratory system monitoring device, allowing the measurement of airway pressures and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure and the plotting of pressure/volume curves. For effective and reliable monitoring, it is necessary to keep in mind the physiology, such as the alveolar gas equation, heart-lung interactions, the equation of movement, etc. Monitoring the respiratory system enables adaptation of not only respiratory management, but also haemodynamic management.
9
Vieillard-Baron, Antoine. The respiratory system. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0015.
Abstract:
The respiratory system is key to the management of patients with respiratory, as well as haemodynamic, compromise and should be monitored. The ventilator is more than just a machine that delivers gas; it is a true respiratory system monitoring device, allowing the measurement of airway pressures and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure and the plotting of pressure/volume curves. For effective and reliable monitoring, it is necessary to keep in mind the physiology, such as the alveolar gas equation, heart-lung interactions, the equation of movement, etc. Monitoring the respiratory system enables adaptation of not only respiratory management, but also haemodynamic management.
10
Lameire, Norbert, Raymond Vanholder, and Wim Van Biesen. Clinical approach to the patient with acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0222_update_001.
Abstract:
The prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) depends on early diagnosis and therapy. A multitude of causes are classified according to their origin as prerenal, intrinsic (intrarenal), and post-renal.Prerenal AKI means a loss of renal function despite intact nephrons, for example, because of volume depletion and/or hypotension.There is a broad spectrum of intrinsic causes of AKI including acute tubular necrosis (ATN), interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis, and vasculitis. Evaluation includes careful review of the patient’s history, physical examination, urinalysis, selected urine chemistries, imaging of the urinary tree, and eventual kidney biopsy. The history should focus on the tempo of loss of function (if known), associated systemic diseases, and symptoms related to the urinary tract (especially those that suggest obstruction). In addition, a review of the medications looking for potentially nephrotoxic drugs is essential. The physical examination is directed towards the identification of findings of a systemic disease and a detailed assessment of the patient’s haemodynamic status. This latter goal may require invasive monitoring, especially in the oliguric patient with conflicting clinical findings, where the physical examination has limited accuracy.Excluding urinary tract obstruction is necessary in all cases and may be established easily by renal ultrasound.Distinction between the two most common causes of AKI (prerenal AKI and ATN) is sometimes difficult, especially because the clinical examination is often misleading in the setting of mild volume depletion or overload. Urinary chemistries, like calculation of the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa), may be used to help in this distinction. In contrast to FENa, the fractional excretion of urea has the advantage of being rather independent of diuretic therapy. Response to fluid repletion is still regarded as the gold standard in the differentiation between prerenal and intrinsic AKI. Return of renal function to baseline or resuming of diuresis within 24 to 72 hours is considered to indicate ‘transient, mostly prerenal AKI’, whereas persistent renal failure usually indicates intrinsic disease. Transient AKI may, however, also occur in short-lived ATN. Furthermore, rapid fluid application is contraindicated in a substantial number of patients, such as those with congestive heart failure.‘Muddy brown’ casts and/or tubular epithelial cell casts in the urine sediment are typically seen in patients with ATN. Their presence is an important tool in the distinction between ATN and prerenal AKI, which is characterized by a normal sediment, or by occasional hyaline casts. There is a possible role for new serum and/or urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of the patient with AKI, including the differential diagnosis between pre-renal AKI and ATN. Further studies are needed before their routine determination can be recommended.When a diagnosis cannot be made with reasonable certainty through this evaluation, renal biopsy should be considered; when intrarenal causes such as crescentic glomerulonephritis or vasculitis are suspected, immediate biopsy to avoid delay in the initiation of therapy is mandatory.
11
Dorsch, Fabian. Phenomenal Presence. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199666416.003.0001.
Abstract:
This chapter provides an overview of the debate about the phenomenal presence of features in perceptual experience. First, it delineates the theme of the volume by characterizing phenomenal presence and drawing four important related distinctions: (i) between the phenomenal presence of features pertaining to the objects of experience and features pertaining to the experiences themselves; (ii) between sensory and non-sensory phenomenal presence in perceptual experience; (iii) between the phenomenal presence of features of objects that are in view and of objects that are out of sight; and (iv) between qualitative and categorical features of perceptual experiences. Then, the chapter contrasts the debate about phenomenal presence with the closely related debates about intrinsic qualia, cognitive phenomenology, and higher-level perception. Finally, it provides detailed descriptions of the content of the contributions to the volume and highlights their main claims and their philosophical significance for the debate about phenomenal presence and beyond.
12
Chakera, Aron, William G. Herrington, and Christopher A. O’Callaghan. Acute kidney injury. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0162.
Abstract:
Acute renal failure (also referred to as acute kidney injury) refers to a rapid decrease in renal function; it is reflected by an increase in blood urea and creatinine and is often associated with oliguria (a urine volume of less than 400 ml/24 hours). It usually develops over days to weeks. Acute kidney injury has been variously classified, but the current classifications are based on the glomerular filtration rate (or creatinine), looking at changes from baseline, and the presence of oliguria or anuria. The potential etiologies of acute kidney injury are usually considered anatomically under the headings prerenal, renal (intrinsic), and postrenal. This chapter looks at the etiology, symptoms, clinical features, demographics, complications, diagnosis, and treatment of acute kidney injury.
13
Bourguignon, Marie, Bieke Nouws, and Heleen van Gerwen, eds. Translation Policies in Legal and Institutional Settings. Leuven University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461664112.
Abstract:
This edited volume documents the state of the art in research on translation policies in both legal and institutional settings. Offering case studies of past and present translation policies from all over the world, it allows for a compelling comparison of attitudes towards translation in varying contexts. It highlights the virtues of integrating different types of expertise in the study of translation policy: theoretical and applied, historical and modern, legal, institutional, and political. It effectively illustrates how a multidisciplinary perspective furthers our understanding of translation policies and unveils their intrinsic link with issues such as multilingualism, linguistic justice, minority rights, and citizenship. In this way, each contribution sheds new light on the role of translation in the everyday interaction between governments and multilingual populations.
14
Bourguignon, Marie, Bieke Nouws, and Heleen van Gerwen, eds. Translation Policies in Legal and Institutional Settings. Leuven University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11116/9789461664105.
Abstract:
Translation Policies in Legal and Institutional Settings documents the state of the art in research on translation policies in legal and institutional settings. Offering case studies of past and present translation policies from several parts of the world, it allows for a compelling comparison of attitudes towards translation in varying contexts. This edited volume highlights the virtues of integrating different types of expertise in the study of translation policy: theoretical and applied, historical and modern, legal, institutional, and political. It effectively illustrates how a multidisciplinary perspective furthers our understanding of translation policies and unveils their intrinsic link with topics such as multilingualism, linguistic justice, minority rights, and citizenship. In this way, each contribution sheds new light on the role of translation in the everyday interaction between governments and multilingual populations.
15
Sitsky, Larry. Music of the Repressed Russian Avant-Garde, 1900-1929. Praeger, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400688775.
Abstract:
Soviet and Russian music of the first third of the 20th century--with the exception of the music of a few high-profile composers who were officially sponsored by the State--is still largely unexplored territory, known only to a few specialists. Nevertheless, the music has considerable intrinsic value well beyond its curiosity appeal, and includes many pieces unaccountably forgotten and certainly worth reviving, to the ultimate enhancement of our concert repertoire. The study of this music also explains much about the foundations of Soviet culture and its subsequent suppression and decline under the Stalinist yoke. The purpose of this volume is to stimulate interest in this little-known area of Soviet/Russian music. The works charted here constitute a great flowering of avant-garde music which was then savagely dealt with for Stalin's political purposes.
16
Czajkowski, Kimberley, Benedikt Eckhardt, and Meret Strothmann, eds. Law in the Roman Provinces. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844082.001.0001.
Abstract:
The study of the Roman empire has changed dramatically in the last century. Emphasis is now placed on understanding the experiences of subject populations, rather than focusing solely on the Roman imperial elites. Local experiences, and interactions between periphery and centre are an intrinsic component in our picture of the empire’s function over and against the earlier, top-down model. But where does law fit in to this new, decentralized picture of empire? This volume brings together internationally renowned scholars from legal and historical backgrounds to study the operation of law in each region of the empire from the first century BCE to the end of the third century CE. Regional variation and specificity is explored alongside the emergence of common themes and activities by historical agents. When brought together, a new understanding of law in the Roman empire emerges that balances the practicalities of regional variation with the ideological construct of law and empire.
17
O'Reilly, Tim. X Toolkit Intrinsics Reference Manual: For Version 11 of the X Window System; Volume 5. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2022.
18
Abromeit, Kathleen A. An Index to African-American Spirituals for the Solo Voice. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400669514.
Abstract:
Spirituals were an intrinsic part of the African-American plantation life and were sung at all important occasions and events. This volume is the first index of African-American spirituals to be published in more than half a century and will be an important research tool for scholars and students of African-American history and music. The first collection of slave songs appeared in 1843, without musical notation, in a series of three articles by a Methodist Church missionary identified simply as c. Collections that included musical notation began appearing in the 1850s. The earliest book-length collection of spirituals containing both lyrics and music was published in 1867 and entitled Slave Songs of the United States. Not since the 1930s, with the publication of the Index to Negro Spirituals by the Cleveland Public Library, has an index of spirituals been compiled. The spirituals are neatly organized in four indexes: a title index, first line index, alternate title index and a topical index that includes twenty major categories. A bibliography of indexed sources serves as a guide for further research.
19
Hunter, Shireen T., and Huma Malick, eds. Modernization, Democracy, and Islam. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400687020.
Abstract:
The Islamic world has a poor record in terms of modernization and democracy. However, the source of this situation is not religion, but factors including colonialism, international economic and trading systems, and the role of the military, among others. Recognizing these themes allows the consideration of possible remedies for change in the Muslim world. The Islamic world has a poor record in terms of modernization and democracy. However, the source of this situation is not religion–Islam–but rather factors including colonialism, international economic and trading systems, and the role of the military, among others. Recognizing these themes allows the consideration of possible remedies for change in the Muslim world. The distinguished scholars contributing to this volume identify key factors–some intrinsic to the Muslim world, and some external–that contribute to Islam’s current predicament. Contrary to much prevailing thought and opinion, Islam is neither monolithic nor impervious to change. It is neither anti–democratic nor inherently anti-modernization. Islam itself, as this book shows, is not the root cause of the malaise of the Islamic world.
20
Bocquet, Lydéric, David Quéré, Thomas A. Witten, and Leticia F. Cugliandolo, eds. Soft Interfaces. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.001.0001.
Abstract:
Many of the distinctive and useful phenomena of soft matter come from its interaction with interfaces. Examples are the peeling of a strip of adhesive tape or the coating of a surface or the curling of a fibre via capillary forces or the electrically driven ow along a microchannel, or the collapse of a porous sponge. These interfacial phenomena are distinct from the intrinsic behaviour of a soft material like a gel or a microemulsion. Yet many forms of interfacial phenomena can be understood via common principles valid for many forms of soft matter. Our goal in organizing this school was to give students a grasp of these common principles and their many ramifications and possibilities. The school comprised over fifty 90-minute lectures over four weeks in July 2013. Four four-lecture courses by Howard Stone, Michael Cates, David Nelson, and L. Mahadevan served as an anchor for the program. A number of shorter courses and seminars rounded out the school.This volume presents lecture notes prepared by the speakers and submitted for publication after the school. The lectures are grouped under two main themes: Hydrodynamics and interfaces, and Soft matter.
21
Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, and Antonio Artigas. Respiratory support with positive end-expiratory pressure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0094.
Abstract:
Positive-end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the pressure present in the airway (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure that exists at the end of expiration. The term PEEP is defined in two particular settings. Extrinsic PEEP (applied by ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by non-complete exhalation causing progressive air trapping). Applied (extrinsic) PEEP—is usually one of the first ventilator settings chosen when mechanical ventilation (MV) is initiated. Applying PEEP increases alveolar pressure and volume. The increased lung volume increases the surface area by reopening and stabilizing collapsed or unstable alveoli. PEEP therapy can be effective when used in patients with a diffuse lung disease with a decrease in functional residual capacity. Lung protection ventilation is an established strategy of management to reduce and avoid ventilator-induced lung injury and mortality. Levels of PEEP have been traditionally used from 5 to 12 cmH2O; however, higher levels of PEEP have also been proposed and updated in order to keep alveoli open, without the cyclical opening and closing of lung units (atelectrauma). The ideal level of PEEP is that which prevents derecruitment of the majority of alveoli, while causing minimal overdistension; however, it should be individualized and higher PEEP might be used in the more severe end of the spectrum of patients with improved survival. A survival benefit for higher levels of PEEP has not been yet reported for any patient under MV, but a higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio seems to be better in the higher PEEP group.
22
Plough, Alonzo L. Culture of Health in Practice. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190071400.001.0001.
Abstract:
This book concerns the importance of achieving health equity throughout the United States. Its publication is timely, given the major challenges in American health care in recent years. These include reductions in health care coverage, the loss of funding to tackle social determinants of health, and the growing risks associated with climate change. The abundant data that document health inequities in housing, education, incarceration, income, opportunity, and so much else in the United States reveal the extent of the health-based challenges the nation faces as a whole. With these issues in mind, this book tackles a variety of topics centered on a “Culture of Health,” and includes contributions from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's (RWJF) Sharing Knowledge to Build a Culture of Health conferences. The first part of this volume concerns the assets intrinsic to cultural identity and the contribution to the nation's well-being that this diversity brings. Next, the book calls attention to the places where people spend much of their time and shows how each setting has the power to generate health, or to undermine it. Finally, this book closes with a section on a broad range of interconnected topics that have drawn considerable attention from many fields and brought new perspectives to the table.
23
Lewis, Theodore J. The Origin and Character of God. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190072544.001.0001.
Abstract:
The Origin and Character of GOD: Ancient Israelite Religion through the Lens of Divinity is an up-to-date and comprehensive reference work for readers of all backgrounds. It looks synthetically at the vast topic of God—exploring questions of historical origin (El and Yahweh traditions), how God was characterized in literature (mythic warrior, king, parent, judge, holy, compassionate) and how he was represented in iconography, both materially and abstractly. Using the window of divinity to peer into the varieties of religion experience, it explores the royal use of religion for power, prestige and control balanced against the intimacy of family and household religion. It probes priestly prerogatives and cultic status, prophetic challenges to injustice, and the pondering of theodicy by poetic sages. The volume presents a well-researched work that is a reliable guide to reconstructing the religion of ancient Israel’s past within its ancient Near Eastern context. It is a distillation of decades of scholarship. It is methodologically sophisticated, acknowledging the inherent difficulties involved in such a reconstruction. It carefully examines what we can know from limited source material (textual and archaeological) and how we should evaluate our data when we stand at such a great cultural distance from these ancient societies. This volume presents a work that is worthy of the ideas imagined by the people who lived in ancient Judah and Israel, ideas that should captivate a modern audience for their intrinsic quality, for their historical relevance and for their resonance with modern questions of faith and practice.
24
Muders, Thomas, and Christian Putensen. Pressure-controlled mechanical ventilation. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0096.
Abstract:
Beside reduction in tidal volume limiting peak airway pressure minimizes the risk for ventilator-associated-lung-injury in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pressure-controlled, time-cycled ventilation (PCV) enables the physician to keep airway pressures under strict limits by presetting inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and cycle times. PCV results in a square-waved airway pressure and a decelerating inspiratory gas flow holding the alveoli inflated for the preset time. Preset pressures and cycle times, and respiratory system mechanics affect alveolar and intrinsic positive end-expiratory (PEEPi) pressures, tidal volume, total minute, and alveolar ventilation. When compared with flow-controlled, time-cycled (‘volume-controlled’) ventilation, PCV results in reduced peak airway pressures, but higher mean airway. Homogeneity of regional peak alveolar pressure distribution within the lung is improved. However, no consistent data exist, showing PCV to improve patient outcome. During inverse ratio ventilation (IRV) elongation of inspiratory time increases mean airway pressure and enables full lung inflation, whereas shortening expiratory time causes incomplete lung emptying and increased PEEPi. Both mechanisms increase mean alveolar and transpulmonary pressures, and may thereby improve lung recruitment and gas exchange. However, when compared with conventional mechanical ventilation using an increased external PEEP to reach the same magnitude of total PEEP as that produced intrinsically by IRV, IRV has no advantage. Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) provides a PCV-like squared pressure pattern by time-cycled switches between two continuous positive airway pressure levels, while allowing unrestricted spontaneous breathing in any ventilatory phase. Maintaining spontaneous breathing with APRV is associated with recruitment and improved ventilation of dependent lung areas, improved ventilation-perfusion matching, cardiac output, oxygenation, and oxygen delivery, whereas need for sedation, vasopressors, and inotropic agents and duration of ventilator support decreases.
25
Cangelosi, Angelo, and Minoru Asada, eds. Cognitive Robotics. The MIT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/13780.001.0001.
Abstract:
The current state of the art in cognitive robotics, covering the challenges of building AI-powered intelligent robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. A novel approach to building AI-powered intelligent robots takes inspiration from the way natural cognitive systems—in humans, animals, and biological systems—develop intelligence by exploiting the full power of interactions between body and brain, the physical and social environment in which they live, and phylogenetic, developmental, and learning dynamics. This volume reports on the current state of the art in cognitive robotics, offering the first comprehensive coverage of building robots inspired by natural cognitive systems. Contributors first provide a systematic definition of cognitive robotics and a history of developments in the field. They describe in detail five main approaches: developmental, neuro, evolutionary, swarm, and soft robotics. They go on to consider methodologies and concepts, treating topics that include commonly used cognitive robotics platforms and robot simulators, biomimetic skin as an example of a hardware-based approach, machine-learning methods, and cognitive architecture. Finally, they cover the behavioral and cognitive capabilities of a variety of models, experiments, and applications, looking at issues that range from intrinsic motivation and perception to robot consciousness. Cognitive Robotics is aimed at an interdisciplinary audience, balancing technical details and examples for the computational reader with theoretical and experimental findings for the empirical scientist.
26
Hamilton, Douglas, and John McAleer, eds. Islands and the British Empire in the Age of Sail. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198847229.001.0001.
Abstract:
Islands are not just geographical units or physical facts; their importance and significance arise from the human activities associated with them. The maritime routes of sailing ships, victualling requirements of their sailors, and strategic demands of seaborne empires in the age of sail – as well as their intrinsic value as sources of rare commodities – meant that islands across the globe played prominent parts in imperial consolidation and expansion. This volume examines the ways in which islands (and groups of islands) contributed to the establishment, extension, and maintenance of the British Empire in the age of sail. Chapters explore the geographical, topographical, economic, and social diversity of the islands that comprised a large component of the British Empire in an era of rapid and significant expansion. Although many were isolated rocky outcrops, they acted as crucial nodal points, providing critical assistance for ships and men embarked on the long-distance voyages that characterized British overseas activities in the period. Intercontinental maritime trade, colonial settlement, and scientific exploration would have been impossible without these oceanic islands. They also acted as sites of strategic competition, contestation, and conflict for rival European powers keen to outstrip each other in developing and maintaining overseas markets, plantations, and settlements. The importance of islands outstripped their physical size, populations, or individual economic contribution to the imperial balance sheet. Standing at the centre of maritime routes of global connectivity, islands offer historians fresh perspectives on the intercontinental communication, commercial connections, and territorial expansion that characterized the British Empire.
27
McDonough, Jeffrey K. Teleology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845711.001.0001.
Abstract:
Teleology is the belief that some things happen, or exist, for the sake of other things. It is the belief that, for example, eyes are for seeing and gills are for breathing. It is the belief that people go to the cinema in order to see films and that salmon swim upstream in order to spawn. The core idea of teleology is thus intuitive enough. Nonetheless, difficult questions arise as we dig deeper into the concept. Is teleology intrinsic or extrinsic—that is, is teleology inherent in its subjects or is it imposed on them from the outside? Does teleology necessarily involve intentionality—that is, does teleology necessarily involve a subject’s cognizing some end, goal, or purpose? What is the scope of teleology—is the concept of teleology, for example, applicable to elements and animals, or only to rational beings? Finally, is teleology explanatory? When we say that salmon swim upstream in order to spawn, have we explained why they swim upstream? When we say that eyes are for seeing, have we explained why we have eyes? This volume explores the development of the concept of teleology from ancient times to the present. It begins in the golden age of ancient Greece with Plato and Aristotle, winds its way through Islamic, Latin, and Jewish medieval traditions, passes into treatments by leading figures of the scientific revolution, and European Enlightenment, and finishes with current debates in contemporary philosophy of biology. Chapter discussions of key figures, traditions, and contexts are enlivened and contextualized by a series of intermittent reflections on the implications of teleology in medicine, art, poetry and music.
28
Glanz, Jeffrey, and Linda Behar-Horenstein. Paradigm Debates in Curriculum and Supervision. Praeger, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400695124.
Abstract:
Paradigm debates in the educational research community are a frequent if not common occurrence. How do paradigm debates in other educational fields, such as curriculum and supervision, shape educators' understanding and practice? In this volume, it is suggested that educators' adherence to particular views of curriculum and supervision is influential in guiding their beliefs and subsequent actions. For example, a widely accepted belief is that if an individual adopts a mechanistic view of the curriculum, then s/he is likely to deliver a curriculum grounded in pre-established objectives and evaluate student achievement in relationship to formulated objectives. Postmodernists contend that such educators are bound by rigid bifurcation and a constrictive linear logic. In supervision, educational leaders who favor leadership styles comprised by autocratic behaviors, tend to create school climates that favor a top-down approach to human relationships. Autocratic leaders rely on hierarchical organizational structures and styles that seek to instill compliance and subordinance. Yet prospective administrators who want concrete proposals put in practice find modern perspectives of supervision helpful. In contrast, postmodern supervisors allege that such leaders disallow the emergence of relevant and authentic relationships that might occur when conventional hierarchical structures are diminished and open lines of communication between teachers, students, administrators become normative. The chapters in this book present an in-depth analysis of how an individual's predisposition towards modern and postmodern views of curriculum and supervision are likely to influence: (1) curriculum development, (2) teaching styles, (3) leadership styles, (4) teacher and student evaluation, and (5) the missions intrinsic to the creation of professional preparation programs that serve to promulgate existing practice or create a new order of teachers and administrator.
29
Fichtner, Alexander, and Franz Schaefer. Acute kidney injury in children. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0239.
Abstract:
In the past few decades, the overall incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in paediatric patients has increased and the aetiological spectrum has shifted from infection-related and intrinsic renal causes towards secondary forms of AKI related to exposure to nephrotoxic drugs and complex surgical, oncological, and intensive care manoeuvres. In addition, neonatal kidney impairment and haemolytic uraemic syndrome continue to be important specific paediatric causes of AKI raising unique challenges regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The search for new biomarkers is a current focus of research in paediatric as in adult AKI research.Pharmacological intervention studies to prevent or attenuate AKI have provided positive evidence only for the prophylactic use of theophylline in severely depressed neonates, whereas dopamine and loop diuretics did not demonstrate any efficacy. Preliminary findings support a dose-dependent renoprotective action of fenoldopam in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.Critical issues in the management of AKI in children include fluid handling, maintenance of adequate nutrition, and the choice of renal replacement therapy modality. Observational studies have suggested an adverse impact of fluid overload and late start of renal replacement therapy, and a randomized clinical trial revealed detrimental effects of aggressive fluid bolus therapy in volume-depleted children.Technological advances have made it possible to apply continuous replacement therapies in children of all ages, including preterm neonates, using appropriately sized catheters, filters, tubing, and flow settings adapted to paediatric needs. However, the majority of children with AKI worldwide are still treated with peritoneal dialysis, and comparative studies demonstrating superiority of extracorporeal techniques over peritoneal dialysis are lacking.The outcomes of paediatric AKI are comparable to adult patients. In critically ill children, mortality risk increases with each stage of AKI; mortality rates typically range between 15% and 30% for all AKI stages and 30% to 60% in children requiring renal replacement therapy. Chronic kidney disease develops in approximately 10% of children surviving AKI.
30
Cauchi, Mark, ed. Cinema and Secularism. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501388835.
Abstract:
Cinema and Secularism is the first collection to make the relationship between cinema and secularism thematic, utilizing a number of different methodological approaches to examine their identification and differentiation across film theory, film aesthetics, film history, and throughout global cinema. The emergence of moving images and the history of cinema historically coincide with the emergence of secularism as a concept and discourse. More than historically coinciding, however, cinema and secularism would seem to have—and many contemporary theorists and critics seem to assume—a more intrinsic, almost ontological connection to each other. While early film theorists and critics explicitly addressed questions about secularism, religion, and cinema, once the study of film was professionalized and secularized in the Western academy in both film studies and religious studies, explicit and critical attention to the relationship between cinema and secularism rapidly declined. Indeed, if one canvases film scholarship today, one will find barely any works dedicated to thinking critically about the relationship between cinema and secularism. Extending the recent “secular turn” in the humanities and social sciences, Cinema and Secularism provokes critical reflection on its titular concepts. Making contributions to theory, philosophy, criticism, and history, the chapters in this pioneering volume collectively interrogate the assumption that cinema is secular, how secularism is conceived and related to cinema differently in different film cultures, and whether the world is disenchanted or enchanted in cinema. Coming from intellectually diverse backgrounds in film studies, religious studies, and philosophy, the interdisciplinary contributors to this book cover films and traditions of thought from America, Europe, Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia. In these ways, Cinema and Secularism opens new areas of inquiry in the study of film and contributes to the ongoing interrogation of secularism more broadly.
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Spiers, Emily. Conclusion Pop-Feminism and the Future. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198820871.003.0007.
Abstract:
The volume’s primary question is whether the notions of subjectivity and agency proposed by the fiction, non-fiction, and life narratives differ, and how those differences impact upon the degree of political critique. Spiers concludes that multiple pop-feminist forms fixate on the private and the corporeal, endlessly emphasizing individual choice; both everything and nothing can be understood as feminist. Such texts also showcase the sanitized transgressive gesture as an intrinsic element of neoliberal rhetoric, even post-financial crisis. The author demonstrates how examples of literary pop writing by women explore a possible coherent sense of identity beyond the surfaces of the pop-cultural archive. She concludes that subjective incoherence in the novels co-exists in productive tension with a desire for coherence and unity that in no way resembles the model of pre-discursive sovereign subjectivity uncovered in the pop-feminist non-fiction and life narrative, as it fundamentally relates to an ethics of intersubjective relations.
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Ganarin, Manuel. L'interpretazione autentica nelle attuali dinamiche evolutive del diritto canonico. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg290.
Abstract:
Questo contributo mira a tracciare un quadro di sintesi sull’istituto dell’interpretazione autentica delle leggi universali della Chiesa. La teoria e la prassi dell’attività di interpretazione hanno costituito da sempre un tema rilevante nell’evoluzione dell’ordinamento canonico: ancor più dopo la scelta di dar vita ad una codificazione universale. Come per il Codex Iuris Canonici del 1917 Benedetto XV aveva istituito una Commissione ad hoc, così per quello attualmente in vigore tale compito è stato assegnato prima alla Pontificia Commissione per l’Interpretazione Autentica del Codice di Diritto Canonico e poi al Pontificio Consiglio per l’Interpretazione dei Testi Legislativi (ora Pontificio Consiglio per i Testi Legislativi). Il presente volume, mentre analizza in maniera sistematica tutto lo spettro nel quale si può articolare e tentare di catalogare lo sforzo ermeneutico, cerca al contempo di indagarne motivazioni e dimensioni entro le marcate specificità che caratterizzano lo ius Ecclesiae. La coerenza intrinseca dell’opera interpretativa va individuata non nella ricerca metodologica di una perfezione formale (come non di rado si è registrato invece nella dommatica giuridica secolare di stampo giuspositivistico), ma nell’esigenza di far emergere e trionfare le esigenze sostanziali di giustizia, ripristinando così in tutta la sua effettività, risolvendone dubbi e contraddizioni, la rationabilitas della legge. La domanda ultima investe il possibile anacronismo dell’istituto dell’interpretazione autentica, stante, da una parte, il progressivo affermarsi di una deregulation che si diffonde in tutti gli ordinamenti e, dall’altra, un orientamento apparentemente meno confidente nel ruolo e nella capacità dello strumento giuridico quale mezzo di composizione dei conflitti che sembra in particolare segnare le attuali dinamiche evolutive del diritto canonico. Questo studio non risolve (né potrebbe) il problema, consapevole di come esso vada ben al di là del perimetro qui indagato, ma non rinuncia a farlo trasparire in filigrana dall’illustrazione compiuta ed esigente di un istituto giuridico, quale l’interpretazione autentica, ricco di implicazioni e sviluppi nelle diverse stagioni della Chiesa e, conseguentemente, della scienza canonistica.