Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intrinsic capacity'

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2007.
"In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 46-54.

Les lesions dels nervis perifèrics provoquen paràlisis, anestèsia i pèrdua del control autonòmic de la zona afectada. Després de lesió, la part distal dels axons queda desconectat del soma i degenera, provocant la denervació dels òrgans diana. La degeneració walleriana crea un microambient favorable per al creixement axonal, alhora que la neurona canvia a un fenotip proregeneratiu. Malauradament, la manca d’especificitat de la regeneració, en termes de creixement motor i sensorial i reinnervació, és un dels grans limitats de la recuperació. Els mecanismes moleculars mplicats en la regeneració axonal i després de lesió són complexes i les interaccions entre els axons i la glia, els factors tròfics, la matriu extracel.lular i els seus receptors són fonamentals. Per aquestes raons, hem caracteritzat un model qeu ens permet comparar sota les mateixes condicions, creixement neurític motor i sensorial. Hem posat a punt un model in vitro, basat en cultius organotípics de medul.la espinal i explants de ganglis de les arrels dorsals de rates postnatals de 7 dies, embeguts en una matriu de col.lagen. Afegitn difernets factors tròfics a la matriu, hem avaluat la fiabilitat de les preparacions de gangli i de medul.la espinal. A més a més, també hem posat a punt un co-cultiu amb cèl.lules de Schwann dissociades que mimetizen millor l’ambient permissiu del nervi perifèric. Amb aquest model, hem analitzat els efectes de diferents factors tròfics que potencialment podien afavorir la especificitat de la regeneració, i com aquests factors podien ser sobre-regulats de manera diferencial per branques de nervis motors i sensorials després de la lesió. Hem observat que l’FGF-2 (18 kDa) és el factor tròfic que exerceix un efecte més selectiu en el creixement de les motoneurones espinals, tant a nivell d’elongació com d’arborització de neurites. El mecanisme que provocaia aquest efecte sembla estar relacionat amb la capacitat de l’FGF-2 d’incrementar la interacció entre l’FGFR-1 i el PSA-NCAM. Les interaccions dels dos receptors són importants durant els estadis més primerencs de la neuritogènesis, mentres que la subunitat alfa7B de les integrines estaria més relacionada amb l’estabilització de les neurites. Amb l’objectiu d’explorar amb més detall la potencial habilitat de l’FGF-2 de promoure de manera selectiva la regeneració in vivo, hem produit un vector lentiviral (LV) que sobreexpressa FGF-2 i l’hem caracteritzat in vitro i in vivo. L’addició de cèl.lules de Schwann infectades amb el LV-FGF2 en la matriu de col.lagen que cobreix els explants de gangli o les medul.les espinals, incrementa el creixement de les neurites motores però no de les sensorials en comparació als co-cultius amb LV-GFP. Per tant, la sobreexpressió de l’FGF2 mitjançant el LV és tan eficaç com l’addició directe del factor en la matriu en la promoció selective de la regeneració motora. Quan el LV-FGF2 es va injectar directament al nervi ciàtic in vivo, vam corroborar que l’FGF2 se secretava a nivell de la lamina basal de les cèl.lules de Schwann. Els nivells de FGF-2 en els homogentats de nervi ciàtic una setmana després d’injectar 1μl LVFGF- 2 eren més alts que els dels nervis injectats amb vehicle o LV-GFP. Per tant, el vector LV pot ser utilitzat in vivo per tal de verificar les troballes in vitro i per investigar amb més detall la capacitate de l’FGF2 de promoure regeneració motora. En aquest treball també hem comparat la capacitat de la glia embolcalladora olfactiva i les cèl.lules de Schwann, en donar suport a la regeneració in vitro de neurites motores i sensorials. En els co-cultius de cèl.lules de Schwann i els explants de gangli i medul.les espinals, s’observava un increment de la regeneració motora, menters que la glia embolcalladora incrementava signifiativament el creixement neurític de les neurones sensorials. Per contra, quan la glia embolcalladora s’afegia al cultiu motor, s’observava una agregació d’aquestes cèl.lules. El comportament de la glia embolcalladora podria estar determinat pel manteniment de la citoarquitectura de les medul.les espinals, on trobem astròcits i cèl.lules Schwann endògenes. Les interaccions entre la cèl.lula de Schwnn, la glia olafctòria i els astròcits, a través del complexe FGFR1-FGF2-HSPG, poden provocar agregació cel.lular. De fet, els nivells elevats d’HSPG van detectar-se al costat de la barrera, i això pot explicar el paper complex d’aquestes neurones. Els nivells elevats d HSPG és van detecar a la zona de lesió , i això pot explicar el paper quimio-repelent dels agregats cel.lulars.
Peripheral nerves injuries result in paralysis, anesthesia and lack of autonomic control of the affected body areas. After injury, axons distal to the lesion are disconnected from the neuronal body and degenerate, leading to denervation of the peripheral organs. Wallerian degeneration creates a microenvironment distal to the injury site that supports axonal regrowth, while the neuron body changes in phenotype to promote axonal regeneration. However, the lack of specificity of nerve regeneration, in terms of motor and sensory axons regrowth, pathfinding and target reinnervation, is one the main shortcomings for recovery. The molecular mechanisms implicated in axonal regeneration and pathfinding after injury are complex, and take into account the cross-talk between axons and glial cells, neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors. For these reasons, we characterized a model that allows us to compare under the same conditions motor and sensory neuron regeneration. We set up an in vitro model, based on organotypic cultures of spinal cord slices and dorsal root ganglia explants from P7 rats, embedded in a collagen matrix. By adding different neurotrophic factors in the collagen matrix, we evaluated the reliability of DRG and spinal cord preparations. Moreover, we also set up a co-culture with dissociated Schwann cells to further mimic the permissive environment of the peripheral nerve. Later, we screened in vitro the different capabilities of trophic factors with promising effect on specific reinnervation of target organs after peripheral nerve regeneration. Trophic factors which promoted in vitro neuritogenesis of sensory and motor neurons were up-regulated in Schwann cells obtained from axotomized sensory and motor branches respectively. We found that FGF-2 (18 kDa) was the trophic factor that exerted the most selective effect in promoting neurite outgrowth of spinal motoneurons both in terms of elongation and arborization. The mechanism underling this effect in neuritogenesis seems related to FGF-2 enhancing the interaction between FGFR-1 and PSA-NCAM. The interaction of these two receptors is important during early stages of neuritogenesis and pathfinding, while integrin alpha7B subunit seems to play a role during neurite stabilization. With the aim to further explore the potential capacity of FGF-2 to selectiveley promote motor regeneration in vivo, we produced a lentiviral (LV) vector to overexpress FGF-2 and we characterized it in vitro and in vivo. Addition of cultured Schwann cells infected with FGF-2 into a collagen matrix embedding spinal cords or DRG significantly increased motor neurite growth but not sensory outgrowth when compared to co-cultures with LV-GFP, thus demonstrating that the LV construct was as effective as direct addition of the trophic factor to selectively promote motor neuron growth. By injecting the LV construct direclty into the sciatic nerve in vivo, we corroborated the localization of the secreted FGF-2 in the basal lamina of Schwann cells. Levels of FGF-2 from homogenated sciatic nerves one week after injection of 1μl LV-FGF-2 were higher than from nerves injected with vehicle or LV-GFP. Therefore, the LV vector can be used in vivo to verify our in vitro results and further study the capacity of FGF-2 to enhance motor nerve regeneration. In the last part of our work, we compare the abilities of Olfactory Enshealting cells and Schwann cells in sustaining in vitro motor and sensory neuritogenesis. Co-culture of cells with DRG explants and spinal cord organotypic slices was set up. SCs were promoting motoneuron growth, whereas OEC were significantly increasing neurite outgrowth in DRGs. In contrast, when OEC were added into motoneuron culture, we saw cell clusters and motoneuron outgrowth inhibition. This behaviour of OEC could be due to the maintained cytoarchitecture of the spinal cord in vitro where astrocytes and endogenous Schwann cells were also present. Interactions of SC, OEC and astrocytes through FGFR1-FGF2-HSPG complex can cause cell clustering. In fact, high levels of HSPG were found into the boundary formations, and this can explain the chemorepellent role of the cluster on neurite outgrowth.

Contexte L'Organisation mondiale de la santé préconise la promotion du vieillissement en bonne santé, qui vise à développer et à maintenir la capacité fonctionnelle des individus. La capacité fonctionnelle est déterminée par la capacité intrinsèque de l'individu (CI), l'environnement et leur interaction. La CI comprend cinq domaines essentiels - cognition, locomotion, psychologie, sensoriel, et vitalité, la vitalité étant une capacité fondamentale soutenant les quatre autres domaines phénotypiques de la CI. La géroscience est un domaine de recherche novateur visant à comprendre l'interaction mécanistique entre le vieillissement et les maladies/affections liées à l'âge. L'inflammation chronique est reconnue comme l'un des mécanismes biologiques contribuant au processus de vieillissement. Cette thèse établit un lien entre les domaines de la CI et de la géroscience, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur l'inflammation au cours du vieillissement. Parmi les lacunes de la littérature que cette thèse s'efforce de combler, on peut mentionner : premièrement, l'absence de consensus sur la définition opérationnelle du domaine de la vitalité. Deuxièmement, aucune étude existante n'a examiné exclusivement les trajectoires de la CI chez les personnes âgées non institutionnalisées et n'a pris en compte l'évolution conjointe de différents domaines. Troisièmement, les études antérieures ont abouti à des résultats contradictoires concernant l'association entre des concentrations élevées de biomarqueurs inflammatoires plasmatiques et le déclin de la CI. Objectif principal Cette thèse visait à évaluer comment l'inflammation est associée à la CI des adultes âgés en tant que composante structurelle du modèle de la CI et en tant que prédicteur de l'évolution longitudinale de la CI. Méthodes et principaux résultats Toutes les études étaient basées sur les données de l'essai préventif multidomaine de la maladie d'Alzheimer, un essai contrôlé randomisé recrutant 1 679 adultes non institutionnalisées âgés de ≥70 ans. Dans l'étude I, nous avons examiné la structure et l'ampleur de l'association de la vitalité avec d'autres domaines de la CI et les difficultés dans les activités de la vie quotidienne de base et instrumentales (ADL, IADL) en utilisant trois définitions opérationnelles de la vitalité, notamment l'état nutritionnel (MNA), la force de préhension manuelle, une mesure composite des biomarqueurs inflammatoires plasmatiques. En utilisant la modélisation par équations structurelles, nous avons observé des effets indirects significatifs de la vitalité sur les difficultés liées à l'IADL, indépendamment de la mesure de la vitalité. De plus, un indice composite des biomarqueurs plasmatiques a prédit l'évolution de la capacité locomotrice et des limitations de l'IADL sur quatre ans. L'étude II a identifié cinq trajectoires multiples à travers les domaines de la CI en utilisant la modélisation multi-trajectoires basée sur des groupes. Environ la moitié de la population présentait des trajectoires élevées et stables en cognition, locomotion et psychologie, et environ 8 % des personnes présentaient des altérations dans tous les domaines de la CI. Des taux plus élevés d'interleukine-6, de TNFR-1 et de GDF-15 dans le plasma augmentaient la probabilité d'avoir la trajectoire "faible dans tous les domaines de la CI". Dans l'étude III, nous avons examiné l'association entre cinq biomarqueurs inflammatoires plasmatiques et la CI en utilisant la régression à effets mixtes linéaires. Des niveaux élevés de TNFR-1 et de GDF-15 dans le sang étaient constamment associés à la CI (sans inclure le domaine sensoriel) à la fois aux niveaux transversal et longitudinal. Cependant, l'association longitudinale entre les biomarqueurs inflammatoires et la CI n'a pas été maintenue après inclusion du domaine sensoriel. Conclusion Les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent que l'inflammation est impliquée dans le déclin de la CI chez les adultes âgés non institutionnalisées
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates promoting healthy aging, which aims at developing and maintaining individuals' functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age. Functional ability is determined by the individual's intrinsic capacity (IC), the environment and their interaction. IC comprises five essential domains - cognition, locomotion, psychology, sensory, and vitality, with vitality as a fundamental capacity representing the homeostasis of overall physiological systems and sustaining the other four phenotypic IC domains. Geroscience is an innovative research field aiming to understand the mechanistic interplay between aging and age-related diseases/conditions. Chronic inflammation is recognized as one of the biological mechanisms contributing to the aging process (i.e., hallmarks of aging). Previous epidemiological studies showed that age-related chronic inflammation was associated with sarcopenia, physical and cognitive impairments, frailty, major chronic diseases, disability, and mortality. This thesis made a bridge between the fields of geroscience and IC, with a special focus on inflammation during aging. Among the gaps in the literature this thesis endeavors to fulfill, it can be mentioned: First, there is a lack of consensus on the operational definition of the vitality domain. Second, no existing study has investigated IC trajectories exclusively on community-dwelling older adults and considering the joint evolution of different domains. Third, prior studies yielded controversial results about the association between high plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers and IC decline, probably owing to their cross-sectional study design and discrete measures of IC levels. Main objective This thesis aimed to evaluate how inflammation associates with older adults' IC as a structural component of the IC model and a predictor of longitudinal IC evolution. Methods and main findings All studies were based on data from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial, a randomized controlled trial recruiting 1,679 community-dwelling older individuals aged ≥70 years. In Study I, we investigated the structure and magnitude of the association of vitality with other IC domains and difficulties in basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL, IADL) using three operational definitions of vitality, including nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment), handgrip strength, a composite measure of plasma inflammation-related biomarkers. Using structural equational modeling, we observed significant indirect effects of vitality on IADL difficulties, regardless of the vitality measurement. In addition, a composite index of plasma biomarkers predicted the evolution of locomotive capacity and IADL limitations over four years. Study II identified five multi-trajectories across IC domains in older adults using group-based multi-trajectory modeling. About half of the population exhibited high and stable trajectories in cognition, locomotion, and psychology, and around 8% of people showed impairments in all IC domains. Higher plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR-1), and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) increased the likelihood of having the "low in all IC domains" trajectory. In Study III, we investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between five plasma inflammation-related biomarkers and IC using linear mixed-effect regression. Increased levels of TNFR-1 and GDF-15 in blood were consistently associated with IC (without including the sensory domain) at both cross-sectional and longitudinal levels. However, the longitudinal association between inflammatory biomarkers and IC was not retained after including the sensory domain. Conclusion The findings of this thesis suggested that inflammation is implicated in IC decline in community-dwelling older adults

Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Mavris, Dimitri N.; Committee Member: Baik, Hojong; Committee Member: DeLaurentis, Daniel; Committee Member: Lewe, Jung-Ho; Committee Member: Schrage, Daniel. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

Persuasion communication, elaboration likelihood model, intrinsic persuasion variables, extrinsic persuasion variables, Life Orientation, HlV/Aids, grade 9 learners, guidance counselling, persuasion campaigns, credibility, motivation, capacity, youth The elaboration likelihood model (Petty & Caccioppo, 1996:l-309) in the field of persuasion communication explains the role that variables can play in the measure to which the youth can be influenced and persuaded by messages aimed at changing sexual risk behaviour. In order to offer the North West Province Department of Education's Life Orientation learning area, which is marked by a life skills approach, a better chance of success, it is important to determine which of the intrinsic and/or extrinsic variables-as is hypothesised by the elaboration likelihood model-play a role with grade 9 learners. Thus, the persuasion messages within Life Orientation could be adapted accordingly. The purpose of this study was to determine what role the intrinsic and/or extrinsic persuasion variables have in the presentation of Life Orientation classes to selected grade 9 learners at three Potchefstroom high schools. Relevant literature was analysed in regard to HlV/Aids campaigns and programmes that had been launched in South Africa, especially in instances where the theoretical framework corresponded with this study. The empirical study was done by way of methodological triangulation. An overall picture was formed by way of a quantitative survey questionnaire of the persuasion variables that are found among grade 9 learners in Potchefstroom, Promosa and Ikageng. Qualitative methods (focus groups, personal interviews and non-participatory observation) were employed to investigate the deeper seated aspects of the persuasion variables. The results of the study confirm the premise of the elaboration likelihood model, and proved that intrinsic persuasion variables play an important role with grade 9 learners when HlV/Aids persuasion messages are conveyed to them through Life Orientation classes. Thus, it can be inferred that grade 9 learners of the three selected Potchefstroom schools would process these persuasion messages via the central route, which enhances the chances of long term persuasion. Further, it appears that in this study extrinsic persuasion variables mostly played a strengthening role with regard to persuasion messages. The study deduces, therefore, that Life Orientation, and specifically the content that is focused on HIV/Aids, led to the successful persuasion of grade 9 learners in the selected schools. However, the study also makes important recommendations on how the impact of these persuasion messages can be even more heightened within the context of the elaboration likelihood model.
Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006

Endurance exercise capacity is a powerful predictor of health status. Having low levels of endurance exercise capacity has been linked with cardiovascular disease. Variation in endurance exercise capacity, measured during a graded exercise test, has been reported across cross-section, twin, and family studies. This variation is evidence of a genetic component to the phenotype of endurance exercise capacity: however, the genetic factors responsible for explaining this variation are undefined, in part because previous research has been performed on a limited scale. Therefore, three sets of experiments were designed to identify: 1) Novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) for endurance exercise capacity in 34 strains of inbred mice using genome-wide association mapping. 2) The effect of chromosome substitution on endurance exercise capacity using linkage analysis in F2 mice. 3) The effect of chromosome substitution on endurance exercise capacity using wild-derived mice. The main findings of this dissertation are: 1) There are strain-specific differences in endurance exercise capacity across 34 strains of male inbred mice. Genome-wide association mapping identified novel putative QTL on chromosomes 2, 7, 11, and 13. 2) Linkage analysis identified a novel QTL on chromosome 14 at the 56 cM position for run time and work. Linkage analysis also identified a potential sex-specific QTL, with the identified QTL significant for male mice only. 3) Novel putative QTL were identified on chromosomes 3 and 14 in chromosome substitution mice from wild-derived mice. These data suggest that chromosome 14 is an important contributor to the genetic regulation of intrinsic endurance exercise capacity. These studies support a genetic component to endurance exercise capacity by identifying strain-specific differences and novel, putative QTL.

博士
國立體育大學
競技與教練科學研究所
103
The control of lipid abnormalities, obesity, mellitus diabetes and hypertension could be substantialy ameliorated by regular exercise, as well as to benefit sedentary individuals who begin to exercise. Responses to exercise interventions are often highly variable among individuals, however, the research has indicated that response to exercise may be mediated in large part by variation in genetics. The animal model with intrinsic exercise capacity had been breed and applied to a wide range of studies, including physiology, pathology, psychology, behavior, and metabolic disorders. In current study, we aimed to investigate the possible physiological adaptions and/or regulations of physical performance, physiological and biochemical effects on the founder population between intrinsic high- and low-exercise capacity (HEC and LEC, respectively) by using metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics approaches. Results showed that the founder HEC mice have a significant higher performance on physical activities, and glucose tolerance than LEC group, and the exercise induced peripheral fatigue and injury biomarkers including serum lactate, ammonia, CK, and AST levels, were also significantly improved in HEC than LEC animals. The metagenomic data showed the Butyricicoccus probiotics are higher in the HEC than LEC group. The muscular transtromic data revealed that miR-383, miR-107, miR-30b, miR-669m, miR-191, miR-218 and miR-224 expression are higher in the HEC than LEC group and highly correlated to the mechanical and metabolic functions for exercise performance. The functional proteomic data showed that key proteins levels of muscular functions and carbohydrate metabolism are higher in the HEC than LEC group and play important roles in adaptive mechanisms of exercise physiology. Taken together, our study provides evidences for the types of intrinsic high and low exercise capacity by using metagenomic, transtromic and proteomic are powerful technology that is necessary to build up knowledge about whether environmental and genetic adaptions contribute to exercise performance. Additional work with supplement or training intervention is warranted to further explore the application of omic’s data to the management of exercise performance.

博士
國立體育大學
運動科學研究所
106
Current exercise research is focusing on the physical fitness, physical activity, health promotion, disease prevention and performance improvement for individuals and communities around the world. Studying the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise and all-cause morbidity and mortality is drawing ever-increasing attention in biomedical science. Researchers have shown that selectively bred rats for intrinsic high and low endurance running capacity or selective breeding of mice for high and low voluntary wheel running produce animals that impact susceptibility to health, aging, longevity, and chronic disease risks including, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular complications. To date, however, a few studies showed that the key regulator(s) of intrinsic exercise capacity-mediated metabolic signature, molecular network, or specific biomarker for the intrinsic exercise capacity phenotype. In addition, aerobic endurance training is a key factor to combat metabolic dysfunction and to improve health, fitness and exercise performance. In this research project, we develop a novel approach using the swimming exercise model for selection of mice with high and low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity, and will be designated as the high intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity (HAEC) and low intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity (LAEC) lines, respectively, as well as to create mouse genetic models of intrinsic HAEC and LAEC in mice. Results showed that the founder HAEC mice have a significant higher perfor-mance on physical activities. We have also established the LAEC and HAEC lines for generaion 8 so far, and generaion 1 to 8 HAEC mice have a significant higher per-formance on physical activities and lower body weight. In generaion 1 mice exercise inducedperipheral fatigue and injury biomarkers and clinical biochemistry including serum lactate, ammonia, BUN, Glucose, TC and TG levels, were also significantly improved in HEC than LEC animals. The functional proteomic data showedthat key proteins levels of muscular functions and energy metabolism are higher in the HAEC than LAEC group and play important roles in adaptive mechanisms of exercise phys-iology. Mean lifespan and survival significant higher in HAEC mice than LAEC mice. The acquired training”could elevate the exercise performance in both lines mice, especially the improvement of HAEC mice is better than LAEC mice. Taken together, our study provides evidences for the types ofintrinsic high and low exercise capacity by using proteomic, survival, fatigue and injury biomarkers that is necessary to build up knowledge about sport science and genetic adap-tions con-tribute to exercise performance.

碩士
國立體育大學
運動科學研究所
106
Excessive fructose consumption could lead to an abnormal metabolism, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and accumulation of body fat, which is resulted in tissues injury or obesity. Regular exercise has been proposed as an adjunct therapy for controlling metabolic syndromes such as obesity, mellitus diabetes and hypertension, as well as benefits sedentary individuals. Response to exercise intervention is often highly variable among individuals, however, the researchers have indicated that response to exercise may be affected mainly by genetic variations. In this study, we will select high- and low- intrinsic exercise capacity mice by using exhaustive swimming test. We will also investigate the effects of a 8-week swim training program (initial 15 min/day, 5 days/week; 2 min/each day to 30 min/day at the end) on the HFD-fed mice. All animals was assigned into 4 groups (n=8/group): high-exercise capacity with normal chow diet (HC-ND), high-exercise capacity with high-fat diet (HC-FD), low-exercise capacity with normal chow diet (LC-ND), low-exercise capacity with high-fat diet (LC-FD). Exercise performance was evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time. For clinical biochemical study, we evaluated the serum levels of glucose and tissue damage markers including lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine kinase (CK). The weight of epididymal fat pad (EFP), retroperitoneal fat pad (RFP), perirenal fat pad (PFP) were be recorded for calculating body fat levels. Other organs such as heart, lung and liver were be examined by histopathology. All data were be analyzed by a two-way repeated measures ANOVA. At the end of the experiment, the body weight gain of 10% both in MHC-FD and MLC-FD groups, but there was no difference in MHC-ND and MLC-ND group. In addition, the fat weights in the MHC-FD and MLC-FD groups were significantly higher than those of MHC-ND and MLC-ND groups, as well as the serum TG and TC levels. Fructose-rich diet could induce obesity and hyperlipidemia. We also found that regular aerobic exercise could decrease high-fructose diet induced obese and hyperlipidemic mice.

碩士
國立體育大學
運動科學研究所
106
Excessive fat and calorie consumption could lead to an abnormal metabolism, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and accumulation of body fat, which is resulted in tissues injury or obesity. For general population, pregnant women are one of the high risk groups of obesity, and if there is no dietary control after pregnancy, the over-consumption of high-fat diet will increase the risk of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and lipid deposition. Exercise intervention is often highly variable among individuals, and the researchers have indicated that response to exercise may be affected mainly by genetic variations. In this study, we have selected and bred high- and low- intrinsic exercise capacity mice by using endurance swimming platform. All animals were assigned into 4 groups (n=8/group): high-exercise capacity postpartum mice with normal chow diet (FHC-ND); high-exercise capacity postpartum mice with high-fat diet (FHC-HFD); low-exercise capacity postpartum mice with normal chow diet (FLC-ND); low-exercise capacity postpartum mice with high-fat diet (FLC-HFD). Exercise performance were evaluated by forelimb grip strength and exhaustive swimming time. For clinical biochemical study, we evaluated the serum levels of glucose, lactate, ammonia, blood urine nitrogen (BUN), and one muscle damage marker, creatinine kinase (CK). The weight of ovarian bursa fat pad (OFP), retroperitoneal fat pad (RFP), perirenal fat pad (PFP) were recorded for calculating body fat profiles. Other organs such as heart, lung and liver will be examined by histopathology. All data were analyzed by a one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Our data showed that postpartum animals with high intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity could combat high-fat diet induced excess deposition of white adipose tissues, abnormal blood biochemistry, fatty livers, and decreased exercise performance.

碩士
中原大學
電子工程學系
87
The main purpose of this thesis is to optimize the intrinsic gettering conditions for Si wafers. Minority-carrier lifetime of MOS capacitors was improved by performing a fast neutron enhanced intrinsic gettering technique on Czochralski-grown (CZ) silicon wafers on which the devices were fabricated. It was shown that the fast neutron enhanced intrinsic gettering method can be used to substitude for the conventional three-step H-L-H (H: high temperature annealing for a long time, L: low temperature annealing for a long time, H: high temperature annealing for a long time) intrinsic gettering method to have equivalent or better electrical properties and simultaneously to same the processing time. The optimum conditions for fast neutron enhanced IG to be performed on (100) oriented, n-type CZ Si wafers withρ= 20±5Ω-cm are systematically investigated. According to the results obtained from the present study, the optimum conditions are determined to be: using a neutron dose of 8.64×1016n/cm2 for irradiation, which is accompanied by a single annealing at 1050℃for 6 hours in a N2 ambient. Based on these conditions, the minority carrier lifetime has been improved to 822μsec.