Academic literature on the topic 'Intrinsic capacity'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intrinsic capacity":
1
Yang, Shengtian, Rui Xu, Jun Chen, and Jian-Kang Zhang. "Intrinsic Capacity." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 65, no. 3 (March 2019): 1345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2018.2885324.
2
Giger-Reverdin, Sylvie, Christine Duvaux-Ponter, Daniel Sauvant, Olivier Martin, Ivanor Nunes do Prado, and Rudy Müller. "Intrinsic buffering capacity of feedstuffs." Animal Feed Science and Technology 96, no. 1-2 (March 2002): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8401(01)00330-3.
3
Nestola, T., L. Orlandini, J. R. Beard, and Matteo Cesari. "COVID-19 and Intrinsic Capacity." Journal of nutrition, health & aging 24, no. 7 (May 28, 2020): 692–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1397-1.
4
Lu, Wan-Hsuan. "Intrinsic capacity construct and influencing factors." Journal of nutrition, health and aging 28, no. 5 (May 2024): 100266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100266.
5
Zheng, Wenwei, Dagong Fan, Min Feng, and Zhisong Wang. "The intrinsic load-resisting capacity of kinesin." Physical Biology 6, no. 3 (April 15, 2009): 036002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/6/3/036002.
6
Werner, John, Arthur J. Ragauskas, and Jian E. Jiang. "Intrinsic Metal Binding Capacity of Kraft Lignins." Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology 20, no. 2 (May 2000): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02773810009349629.
7
Chartouni, D. "Metal hydride fuel cell with intrinsic capacity." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 27, no. 9 (September 2002): 945–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-3199(01)00186-0.
8
Nagae, Masaaki, Hiroyuki Umegaki, Hitoshi Komiya, Hirotaka Nakashima, Chisato Fujisawa, Kazuhisa Watanabe, Yosuke Yamada, and Shuzo Miyahara. "Intrinsic capacity in acutely hospitalized older adults." Experimental Gerontology 179 (August 2023): 112247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2023.112247.
9
Zhou, Yaru, and Lina Ma. "Intrinsic Capacity in Older Adults: Recent Advances." Aging and disease 13, no. 2 (2022): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/ad.2021.0818.
10
Pan, Yiming, Pan Liu, Yun Li, and Lina Ma. "ABNORMALITIES IN THE CITRATE CYCLE METABOLISM ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DECLINED INTRINSIC CAPACITY IN OLDER ADULTS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1285.
Abstract:
Abstract Background Aging is accompanied by a decline in physical and mental functions, manifested as the declines in intrinsic capacity. However, there is still a lack of understanding about the metabolic mechanisms underlying the declining intrinsic capacity. Objective: To explore the metabolic characteristics and pathways of the declines in intrinsic capacity with the assistance of metabolomics methods. Methods Our study recruited 38 participants in total. The Short Physical Performance Battery, Mini-Mental State Exam, 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale, self-reported hearing/visual impairment and Mini Nutritional Assessment were used to assess the five domains of intrinsic capacity respectively. The untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was performed on the serum of participants. Multivariate statistical analysis and pathway analysis were then implemented. Results Among the 38 participants aged 66.50±15.20 years, 22 were with the declines in at least one domain of intrinsic capacity. In the 349 identified metabolites, 35 were candidate biomarkers for declining intrinsic capacity with variable importance in the projection > 1.5 and p < 0.05. Citrate cycle, tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, and Arginine biosynthesis were significant pathways associated with the declines in intrinsic capacity. Conclusions Decreased intrinsic capacity is an age-related change with characteristic metabolomics features. Many pathways, especially the dysregulation of the citrate cycle metabolism, may be involved in the pathogenesis of intrinsic capacity decline.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intrinsic capacity":
1
Maskiny, Charbel Farid. "Inflammatory response and oxidative stress in rats selected for intrinsic acrobic endurance capacity." Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=mco1180467082.
Abstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2007."In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 46-54.
2
Maskiny, Charbel Farid. "Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Rats Selected for Intrinsic Aerobic Endurance Capacity." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1180467082.
3
Allodi, Ilary. "Changing the Intrinsic Growth Capacity of motor and sensory neurons to promote axonal growth after injury." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96355.
Abstract:
Les lesions dels nervis perifèrics provoquen paràlisis, anestèsia i pèrdua del control
autonòmic de la zona afectada. Després de lesió, la part distal dels axons queda desconectat del
soma i degenera, provocant la denervació dels òrgans diana. La degeneració walleriana crea un
microambient favorable per al creixement axonal, alhora que la neurona canvia a un fenotip proregeneratiu.
Malauradament, la manca d’especificitat de la regeneració, en termes de creixement
motor i sensorial i reinnervació, és un dels grans limitats de la recuperació. Els mecanismes
moleculars mplicats en la regeneració axonal i després de lesió són complexes i les interaccions
entre els axons i la glia, els factors tròfics, la matriu extracel.lular i els seus receptors són
fonamentals.
Per aquestes raons, hem caracteritzat un model qeu ens permet comparar sota les mateixes
condicions, creixement neurític motor i sensorial. Hem posat a punt un model in vitro, basat en
cultius organotípics de medul.la espinal i explants de ganglis de les arrels dorsals de rates
postnatals de 7 dies, embeguts en una matriu de col.lagen. Afegitn difernets factors tròfics a la
matriu, hem avaluat la fiabilitat de les preparacions de gangli i de medul.la espinal. A més a
més, també hem posat a punt un co-cultiu amb cèl.lules de Schwann dissociades que mimetizen
millor l’ambient permissiu del nervi perifèric.
Amb aquest model, hem analitzat els efectes de diferents factors tròfics que
potencialment podien afavorir la especificitat de la regeneració, i com aquests factors podien ser
sobre-regulats de manera diferencial per branques de nervis motors i sensorials després de la
lesió. Hem observat que l’FGF-2 (18 kDa) és el factor tròfic que exerceix un efecte més selectiu
en el creixement de les motoneurones espinals, tant a nivell d’elongació com d’arborització de
neurites. El mecanisme que provocaia aquest efecte sembla estar relacionat amb la capacitat de
l’FGF-2 d’incrementar la interacció entre l’FGFR-1 i el PSA-NCAM. Les interaccions dels dos
receptors són importants durant els estadis més primerencs de la neuritogènesis, mentres que la
subunitat alfa7B de les integrines estaria més relacionada amb l’estabilització de les neurites.
Amb l’objectiu d’explorar amb més detall la potencial habilitat de l’FGF-2 de promoure
de manera selectiva la regeneració in vivo, hem produit un vector lentiviral (LV) que sobreexpressa
FGF-2 i l’hem caracteritzat in vitro i in vivo. L’addició de cèl.lules de Schwann
infectades amb el LV-FGF2 en la matriu de col.lagen que cobreix els explants de gangli o les
medul.les espinals, incrementa el creixement de les neurites motores però no de les sensorials en
comparació als co-cultius amb LV-GFP. Per tant, la sobreexpressió de l’FGF2 mitjançant el LV
és tan eficaç com l’addició directe del factor en la matriu en la promoció selective de la
regeneració motora. Quan el LV-FGF2 es va injectar directament al nervi ciàtic in vivo, vam
corroborar que l’FGF2 se secretava a nivell de la lamina basal de les cèl.lules de Schwann. Els
nivells de FGF-2 en els homogentats de nervi ciàtic una setmana després d’injectar 1μl LVFGF-
2 eren més alts que els dels nervis injectats amb vehicle o LV-GFP. Per tant, el vector LV
pot ser utilitzat in vivo per tal de verificar les troballes in vitro i per investigar amb més detall la
capacitate de l’FGF2 de promoure regeneració motora.
En aquest treball també hem comparat la capacitat de la glia embolcalladora olfactiva i
les cèl.lules de Schwann, en donar suport a la regeneració in vitro de neurites motores i
sensorials. En els co-cultius de cèl.lules de Schwann i els explants de gangli i medul.les
espinals, s’observava un increment de la regeneració motora, menters que la glia
embolcalladora incrementava signifiativament el creixement neurític de les neurones sensorials.
Per contra, quan la glia embolcalladora s’afegia al cultiu motor, s’observava una agregació
d’aquestes cèl.lules. El comportament de la glia embolcalladora podria estar determinat pel
manteniment de la citoarquitectura de les medul.les espinals, on trobem astròcits i cèl.lules
Schwann endògenes. Les interaccions entre la cèl.lula de Schwnn, la glia olafctòria i els
astròcits, a través del complexe FGFR1-FGF2-HSPG, poden provocar agregació cel.lular. De
fet, els nivells elevats d’HSPG van detectar-se al costat de la barrera, i això pot explicar el paper
complex d’aquestes neurones. Els nivells elevats d HSPG és van detecar a la zona de lesió , i
això pot explicar el paper quimio-repelent dels agregats cel.lulars.Peripheral nerves injuries result in paralysis, anesthesia and lack of autonomic control of the affected body areas. After injury, axons distal to the lesion are disconnected from the neuronal body and degenerate, leading to denervation of the peripheral organs. Wallerian degeneration creates a microenvironment distal to the injury site that supports axonal regrowth, while the neuron body changes in phenotype to promote axonal regeneration. However, the lack of specificity of nerve regeneration, in terms of motor and sensory axons regrowth, pathfinding and target reinnervation, is one the main shortcomings for recovery. The molecular mechanisms implicated in axonal regeneration and pathfinding after injury are complex, and take into account the cross-talk between axons and glial cells, neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix molecules and their receptors. For these reasons, we characterized a model that allows us to compare under the same conditions motor and sensory neuron regeneration. We set up an in vitro model, based on organotypic cultures of spinal cord slices and dorsal root ganglia explants from P7 rats, embedded in a collagen matrix. By adding different neurotrophic factors in the collagen matrix, we evaluated the reliability of DRG and spinal cord preparations. Moreover, we also set up a co-culture with dissociated Schwann cells to further mimic the permissive environment of the peripheral nerve. Later, we screened in vitro the different capabilities of trophic factors with promising effect on specific reinnervation of target organs after peripheral nerve regeneration. Trophic factors which promoted in vitro neuritogenesis of sensory and motor neurons were up-regulated in Schwann cells obtained from axotomized sensory and motor branches respectively. We found that FGF-2 (18 kDa) was the trophic factor that exerted the most selective effect in promoting neurite outgrowth of spinal motoneurons both in terms of elongation and arborization. The mechanism underling this effect in neuritogenesis seems related to FGF-2 enhancing the interaction between FGFR-1 and PSA-NCAM. The interaction of these two receptors is important during early stages of neuritogenesis and pathfinding, while integrin alpha7B subunit seems to play a role during neurite stabilization. With the aim to further explore the potential capacity of FGF-2 to selectiveley promote motor regeneration in vivo, we produced a lentiviral (LV) vector to overexpress FGF-2 and we characterized it in vitro and in vivo. Addition of cultured Schwann cells infected with FGF-2 into a collagen matrix embedding spinal cords or DRG significantly increased motor neurite growth but not sensory outgrowth when compared to co-cultures with LV-GFP, thus demonstrating that the LV construct was as effective as direct addition of the trophic factor to selectively promote motor neuron growth. By injecting the LV construct direclty into the sciatic nerve in vivo, we corroborated the localization of the secreted FGF-2 in the basal lamina of Schwann cells. Levels of FGF-2 from homogenated sciatic nerves one week after injection of 1μl LV-FGF-2 were higher than from nerves injected with vehicle or LV-GFP. Therefore, the LV vector can be used in vivo to verify our in vitro results and further study the capacity of FGF-2 to enhance motor nerve regeneration. In the last part of our work, we compare the abilities of Olfactory Enshealting cells and Schwann cells in sustaining in vitro motor and sensory neuritogenesis. Co-culture of cells with DRG explants and spinal cord organotypic slices was set up. SCs were promoting motoneuron growth, whereas OEC were significantly increasing neurite outgrowth in DRGs. In contrast, when OEC were added into motoneuron culture, we saw cell clusters and motoneuron outgrowth inhibition. This behaviour of OEC could be due to the maintained cytoarchitecture of the spinal cord in vitro where astrocytes and endogenous Schwann cells were also present. Interactions of SC, OEC and astrocytes through FGFR1-FGF2-HSPG complex can cause cell clustering. In fact, high levels of HSPG were found into the boundary formations, and this can explain the chemorepellent role of the cluster on neurite outgrowth.
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Lu, Wan-Hsuan. "Évaluer le rôle de l'inflammation sur le déclin fonctionnel et la capacité intrinsèque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOU30243.
Abstract:
Contexte L'Organisation mondiale de la santé préconise la promotion du vieillissement en bonne santé, qui vise à développer et à maintenir la capacité fonctionnelle des individus. La capacité fonctionnelle est déterminée par la capacité intrinsèque de l'individu (CI), l'environnement et leur interaction. La CI comprend cinq domaines essentiels - cognition, locomotion, psychologie, sensoriel, et vitalité, la vitalité étant une capacité fondamentale soutenant les quatre autres domaines phénotypiques de la CI. La géroscience est un domaine de recherche novateur visant à comprendre l'interaction mécanistique entre le vieillissement et les maladies/affections liées à l'âge. L'inflammation chronique est reconnue comme l'un des mécanismes biologiques contribuant au processus de vieillissement. Cette thèse établit un lien entre les domaines de la CI et de la géroscience, en mettant particulièrement l'accent sur l'inflammation au cours du vieillissement. Parmi les lacunes de la littérature que cette thèse s'efforce de combler, on peut mentionner : premièrement, l'absence de consensus sur la définition opérationnelle du domaine de la vitalité. Deuxièmement, aucune étude existante n'a examiné exclusivement les trajectoires de la CI chez les personnes âgées non institutionnalisées et n'a pris en compte l'évolution conjointe de différents domaines. Troisièmement, les études antérieures ont abouti à des résultats contradictoires concernant l'association entre des concentrations élevées de biomarqueurs inflammatoires plasmatiques et le déclin de la CI. Objectif principal Cette thèse visait à évaluer comment l'inflammation est associée à la CI des adultes âgés en tant que composante structurelle du modèle de la CI et en tant que prédicteur de l'évolution longitudinale de la CI. Méthodes et principaux résultats Toutes les études étaient basées sur les données de l'essai préventif multidomaine de la maladie d'Alzheimer, un essai contrôlé randomisé recrutant 1 679 adultes non institutionnalisées âgés de ≥70 ans. Dans l'étude I, nous avons examiné la structure et l'ampleur de l'association de la vitalité avec d'autres domaines de la CI et les difficultés dans les activités de la vie quotidienne de base et instrumentales (ADL, IADL) en utilisant trois définitions opérationnelles de la vitalité, notamment l'état nutritionnel (MNA), la force de préhension manuelle, une mesure composite des biomarqueurs inflammatoires plasmatiques. En utilisant la modélisation par équations structurelles, nous avons observé des effets indirects significatifs de la vitalité sur les difficultés liées à l'IADL, indépendamment de la mesure de la vitalité. De plus, un indice composite des biomarqueurs plasmatiques a prédit l'évolution de la capacité locomotrice et des limitations de l'IADL sur quatre ans. L'étude II a identifié cinq trajectoires multiples à travers les domaines de la CI en utilisant la modélisation multi-trajectoires basée sur des groupes. Environ la moitié de la population présentait des trajectoires élevées et stables en cognition, locomotion et psychologie, et environ 8 % des personnes présentaient des altérations dans tous les domaines de la CI. Des taux plus élevés d'interleukine-6, de TNFR-1 et de GDF-15 dans le plasma augmentaient la probabilité d'avoir la trajectoire "faible dans tous les domaines de la CI". Dans l'étude III, nous avons examiné l'association entre cinq biomarqueurs inflammatoires plasmatiques et la CI en utilisant la régression à effets mixtes linéaires. Des niveaux élevés de TNFR-1 et de GDF-15 dans le sang étaient constamment associés à la CI (sans inclure le domaine sensoriel) à la fois aux niveaux transversal et longitudinal. Cependant, l'association longitudinale entre les biomarqueurs inflammatoires et la CI n'a pas été maintenue après inclusion du domaine sensoriel. Conclusion Les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent que l'inflammation est impliquée dans le déclin de la CI chez les adultes âgés non institutionnaliséesBackground The World Health Organization (WHO) advocates promoting healthy aging, which aims at developing and maintaining individuals' functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age. Functional ability is determined by the individual's intrinsic capacity (IC), the environment and their interaction. IC comprises five essential domains - cognition, locomotion, psychology, sensory, and vitality, with vitality as a fundamental capacity representing the homeostasis of overall physiological systems and sustaining the other four phenotypic IC domains. Geroscience is an innovative research field aiming to understand the mechanistic interplay between aging and age-related diseases/conditions. Chronic inflammation is recognized as one of the biological mechanisms contributing to the aging process (i.e., hallmarks of aging). Previous epidemiological studies showed that age-related chronic inflammation was associated with sarcopenia, physical and cognitive impairments, frailty, major chronic diseases, disability, and mortality. This thesis made a bridge between the fields of geroscience and IC, with a special focus on inflammation during aging. Among the gaps in the literature this thesis endeavors to fulfill, it can be mentioned: First, there is a lack of consensus on the operational definition of the vitality domain. Second, no existing study has investigated IC trajectories exclusively on community-dwelling older adults and considering the joint evolution of different domains. Third, prior studies yielded controversial results about the association between high plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers and IC decline, probably owing to their cross-sectional study design and discrete measures of IC levels. Main objective This thesis aimed to evaluate how inflammation associates with older adults' IC as a structural component of the IC model and a predictor of longitudinal IC evolution. Methods and main findings All studies were based on data from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial, a randomized controlled trial recruiting 1,679 community-dwelling older individuals aged ≥70 years. In Study I, we investigated the structure and magnitude of the association of vitality with other IC domains and difficulties in basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL, IADL) using three operational definitions of vitality, including nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment), handgrip strength, a composite measure of plasma inflammation-related biomarkers. Using structural equational modeling, we observed significant indirect effects of vitality on IADL difficulties, regardless of the vitality measurement. In addition, a composite index of plasma biomarkers predicted the evolution of locomotive capacity and IADL limitations over four years. Study II identified five multi-trajectories across IC domains in older adults using group-based multi-trajectory modeling. About half of the population exhibited high and stable trajectories in cognition, locomotion, and psychology, and around 8% of people showed impairments in all IC domains. Higher plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR-1), and growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) increased the likelihood of having the "low in all IC domains" trajectory. In Study III, we investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between five plasma inflammation-related biomarkers and IC using linear mixed-effect regression. Increased levels of TNFR-1 and GDF-15 in blood were consistently associated with IC (without including the sensory domain) at both cross-sectional and longitudinal levels. However, the longitudinal association between inflammatory biomarkers and IC was not retained after including the sensory domain. Conclusion The findings of this thesis suggested that inflammation is implicated in IC decline in community-dwelling older adults
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Apelian, Vahe H. "Effects of diffusion layer pH and buffer capacity on the intrinsic dissolution of pharmaceutical acids and their salts /." Ann Arbor,Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1992. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/016106547.pdf.
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Martin, Karl W. "EXPLORING CURRICULUM LEADERSHIP CAPACITY-BUILDING THROUGHBIOGRAPHICAL NARRATIVE: A CURRERE CASE STUDY." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1531829827408491.
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Marx, Jonas [Verfasser], Torsten [Gutachter] Doenst, Michael [Gutachter] Bauer, and Heiko [Gutachter] Bugger. "Influence of sepsis on cardiac metabolism and function in dependence of intrinsic exercise capacity / Jonas Marx ; Gutachter: Torsten Doenst, Michael Bauer, Heiko Bugger." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1207272752/34.
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Yang, Eunsuk. "A design methodology for evolutionary air transportation networks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29643.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Mavris, Dimitri N.; Committee Member: Baik, Hojong; Committee Member: DeLaurentis, Daniel; Committee Member: Lewe, Jung-Ho; Committee Member: Schrage, Daniel. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Bester, Cornelia Maria. "Die rol van oorredingsveranderlikes tydens MIV/Vigs-programme by hoër skole in Potchefstroom / Cornelia Maria Bester." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1442.
Abstract:
Persuasion communication, elaboration likelihood model, intrinsic persuasion variables,
extrinsic persuasion variables, Life Orientation, HlV/Aids, grade 9 learners, guidance
counselling, persuasion campaigns, credibility, motivation, capacity, youth
The elaboration likelihood model (Petty & Caccioppo, 1996:l-309) in the field of
persuasion communication explains the role that variables can play in the measure to
which the youth can be influenced and persuaded by messages aimed at changing sexual
risk behaviour.
In order to offer the North West Province Department of Education's Life Orientation
learning area, which is marked by a life skills approach, a better chance of success, it is
important to determine which of the intrinsic and/or extrinsic variables-as is hypothesised
by the elaboration likelihood model-play a role with grade 9 learners. Thus, the
persuasion messages within Life Orientation could be adapted accordingly.
The purpose of this study was to determine what role the intrinsic and/or extrinsic
persuasion variables have in the presentation of Life Orientation classes to selected grade
9 learners at three Potchefstroom high schools.
Relevant literature was analysed in regard to HlV/Aids campaigns and programmes that
had been launched in South Africa, especially in instances where the theoretical
framework corresponded with this study. The empirical study was done by way of
methodological triangulation. An overall picture was formed by way of a quantitative survey
questionnaire of the persuasion variables that are found among grade 9 learners in
Potchefstroom, Promosa and Ikageng. Qualitative methods (focus groups, personal interviews and non-participatory observation) were employed to investigate the deeper
seated aspects of the persuasion variables.
The results of the study confirm the premise of the elaboration likelihood model, and
proved that intrinsic persuasion variables play an important role with grade 9 learners
when HlV/Aids persuasion messages are conveyed to them through Life Orientation
classes. Thus, it can be inferred that grade 9 learners of the three selected Potchefstroom
schools would process these persuasion messages via the central route, which enhances
the chances of long term persuasion. Further, it appears that in this study extrinsic
persuasion variables mostly played a strengthening role with regard to persuasion
messages. The study deduces, therefore, that Life Orientation, and specifically the content
that is focused on HIV/Aids, led to the successful persuasion of grade 9 learners in the
selected schools. However, the study also makes important recommendations on how the
impact of these persuasion messages can be even more heightened within the context of
the elaboration likelihood model.Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006
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Courtney, Sean M. "Genetic Regulation of Intrinsic Endurance Exercise Capacity in Mice." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151206.
Abstract:
Endurance exercise capacity is a powerful predictor of health status. Having low levels of endurance exercise capacity has been linked with cardiovascular disease. Variation in endurance exercise capacity, measured during a graded exercise test, has been reported across cross-section, twin, and family studies. This variation is evidence of a genetic component to the phenotype of endurance exercise capacity: however, the genetic factors responsible for explaining this variation are undefined, in part because previous research has been performed on a limited scale. Therefore, three sets of experiments were designed to identify: 1) Novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) for endurance exercise capacity in 34 strains of inbred mice using genome-wide association mapping. 2) The effect of chromosome substitution on endurance exercise capacity using linkage analysis in F2 mice. 3) The effect of chromosome substitution on endurance exercise capacity using wild-derived mice.
The main findings of this dissertation are: 1) There are strain-specific differences in endurance exercise capacity across 34 strains of male inbred mice. Genome-wide association mapping identified novel putative QTL on chromosomes 2, 7, 11, and 13. 2) Linkage analysis identified a novel QTL on chromosome 14 at the 56 cM position for run time and work. Linkage analysis also identified a potential sex-specific QTL, with the identified QTL significant for male mice only. 3) Novel putative QTL were identified on chromosomes 3 and 14 in chromosome substitution mice from wild-derived mice. These data suggest that chromosome 14 is an important contributor to the genetic regulation of intrinsic endurance exercise capacity. These studies support a genetic component to endurance exercise capacity by identifying strain-specific differences and novel, putative QTL.
Books on the topic "Intrinsic capacity":
1
Schwartz, Linda G. Integrated Care for Older People: Guidelines on Community-Level Interventions to Manage Declines in Intrinsic Capacity. Independently Published, 2022.
2
Bunch, Chris. Haemolytic anaemia. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0280.
Abstract:
Haemolytic anaemias occur when the rate of red-cell breakdown is increased and exceeds the marrow’s capacity to generate new cells. Increased red-cell destruction, or haemolysis, may reflect a broad range of disorders. Some involve intrinsic defects in the red cell itself; in others, the red cells are normal but are subjected to external factors which lead to premature destruction. Many of the intrinsic defects are due to inherited disorders affecting the red-cell membrane, its enzymes, or haemoglobin. The marrow can normally compensate for moderate haemolysis by increasing red-cell production up to tenfold. Only when haemolysis is severe and the red-cell lifespan is reduced to less than about 15 days, or the marrow is unable to compensate, will anaemia occur. This chapter addresses the diagnosis, investigation, and management of haemolytic anaemias, including hereditary spherocytosis, paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, haemoglobinopathies, and mechanical and immune haemolytic anaemias.
3
Kriegel, Uriah. Intentionality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791485.003.0003.
Abstract:
This chapter argues for two main claims. First, it is argued that, unlike the notion of intentionality central to modern philosophy of mind, Brentano’s notion of intentionality has nothing to do with mental states’ capacity to track elements in the environment; rather, it has to do with a phenomenal feature in virtue of which conscious experiences present something to the subject. Secondly, it is argued that, contrary to common wisdom in Brentano scholarship, there is no real evidence that Brentano took intentionality to be a relation to immanent objects; rather, his mature theory clearly casts intentionality as an intrinsic, non-relational property, and a property in the first instance of subjects (rather than of subjects’ internal states).
4
Beste, Jennifer. Embracing Our Interdependence on God and Others. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190268503.003.0006.
Abstract:
The first aspect of Johann Metz’s account of becoming fully human is to honor how deeply our sense of self and capacity to flourish depend on a network of relationships with God, others, and the rest of creation. Students’ reflections demonstrate that, in order to become fully human, we must let go of the belief fueled by popular culture that self-worth, success, and happiness result from a lifestyle marked by self-sufficiency, competition, perfectionism, wealth, materialism, and high social status. Instead, recalling our special dignity as persons created in the image of God, we must reclaim a vision of our intrinsic self-worth and embrace our interdependence on God and others. Both my students’ and Johann Metz’s analyses of Western culture shed light on why hookups appear psychologically safer and more “reasonable” than committed relationships.
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Carlucci, Annalisa, and Paolo Navalesi. Weaning failure in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0103.
Abstract:
Weaning failure has been defined as failure to discontinue mechanical ventilation, as assessed by the spontaneous breathing trial, or need for re-intubation after extubation, so-called extubation failure. Both events represent major clinical and economic burdens, and are associated with high morbidity and mortality. The most important mechanism leading to discontinuation failure is an unfavourable balance between respiratory muscle capacity and the load they must face. Beyond specific diseases leading to loss of muscle force-generating capacity, other factors may impair respiratory muscle function, including prolonged mechanical ventilation, sedation, and ICU-acquired neuromuscular dysfunction, potentially consequent to multiple factors. The load depends on the mechanical properties of the respiratory system. An increased load is consequent to any condition leading to increased resistance, reduced compliance, and/or occurrence of intrinsic positive-end-expiratory pressure. Noteworthy, the load can significantly increase throughout the spontaneous breathing trial. Cardiac, cerebral, and neuropsychiatric disorders are also causes of discontinuation failure. Extubation failure may depend, on the one hand, on a deteriorated force-load balance occurring after removal of the endotracheal tube and, on the other hand, on specific problems. Careful patient evaluation, avoidance and treatment of all the potential determinants of failure are crucial to achieve successful discontinuation and extubation.
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Lindvall, Daniel. Democracy and the Challenge of Climate Change. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.88.
Abstract:
Climate change actions in democracies face perceived challenges such as short-term bias in decision-making, policy capture or inconsistency, weak accountability mechanisms and the permeability of the policy-making process to interests adverse to fighting climate change through the role of money in politics. Apart from its intrinsic value to citizens, democracy also brings critical advantages in formulating effective climate policy, such as representative parliaments which can hold governments to account, widespread civic participation, independent media and a free flow of information, the active engagement by civil society organizations in policymaking and the capacity for institutional learning in the face of complex issues with long-term and global social and political implications. International IDEA’s work on change and democracy aims to support democratic institutions to successfully confront the climate crisis by leveraging their advantages and overcoming the challenges to formulating effective and democratically owned climate policy agendas.
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Travis, Charles. Frege. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844129.001.0001.
Abstract:
This book is about Frege and his contribution to philosophy. It has three parts. Part I presents his general picture of thought, that is, the object of a capacity for thought (what may be thought). The point is to stress the value of separating the business of being true from thinkers’ engagement with such business, thus from issues specifically about language, and this as a model for philosophy in general. It also expands on Frege’s case for the intrinsic publicity (sharability) of thought. Part II concerns some particular developments of the general view made by Frege with a view to serving the needs of his central project (after logic itself): showing arithmetic to be logic. Part III applies the general picture in presenting a view of truth (and its irreducibility), logic of logic’s independence both of thinkers and of the world (its indifference to anything in how things happen to be), and of objectivity.
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Berliner, Todd. Hollywood Aesthetic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658748.001.0001.
Abstract:
Hollywood makes the most widely successful pleasure-giving artworks the world has ever known. The American film industry operates under the assumption that pleasurable aesthetic experiences, among large populations, translate into box office success. More than any other historical mode of art, Hollywood has systematized the delivery of aesthetic pleasure, packaging and selling it on a mass scale. If the Hollywood film industry succeeds in delivering aesthetic pleasure both routinely and, at times, in an outstanding way, then we should ultimately regard Hollywood cinema as an artistic achievement, not merely a commercial success. Hollywood Aesthetic accounts for the chief attraction of Hollywood cinema worldwide: its entertainment value. The book addresses four fundamental components of Hollywood’s aesthetic design: narrative, style, ideology, and genre. Grounded in film history and in the psychological and philosophical literature in aesthetics, the book explains: (1) the intrinsic properties characteristic of Hollywood cinema that induce aesthetic pleasure; (2) the cognitive and affective processes, sparked by Hollywood movies, that become engaged during aesthetic pleasure; and (3) the exhilarated aesthetic experiences afforded by an array of persistently entertaining Hollywood movies. Offering a comprehensive appraisal of the capacity of Hollywood cinema to provide aesthetic pleasure, the book sets out to explain how Hollywood creates, for masses of people, some of their most exhilarating experiences of art.
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Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, and Antonio Artigas. Respiratory support with positive end-expiratory pressure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0094.
Abstract:
Positive-end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is the pressure present in the airway (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure that exists at the end of expiration. The term PEEP is defined in two particular settings. Extrinsic PEEP (applied by ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by non-complete exhalation causing progressive air trapping). Applied (extrinsic) PEEP—is usually one of the first ventilator settings chosen when mechanical ventilation (MV) is initiated. Applying PEEP increases alveolar pressure and volume. The increased lung volume increases the surface area by reopening and stabilizing collapsed or unstable alveoli. PEEP therapy can be effective when used in patients with a diffuse lung disease with a decrease in functional residual capacity. Lung protection ventilation is an established strategy of management to reduce and avoid ventilator-induced lung injury and mortality. Levels of PEEP have been traditionally used from 5 to 12 cmH2O; however, higher levels of PEEP have also been proposed and updated in order to keep alveoli open, without the cyclical opening and closing of lung units (atelectrauma). The ideal level of PEEP is that which prevents derecruitment of the majority of alveoli, while causing minimal overdistension; however, it should be individualized and higher PEEP might be used in the more severe end of the spectrum of patients with improved survival. A survival benefit for higher levels of PEEP has not been yet reported for any patient under MV, but a higher PaO2/FiO2 ratio seems to be better in the higher PEEP group.
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Ganarin, Manuel. L'interpretazione autentica nelle attuali dinamiche evolutive del diritto canonico. Bononia University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30682/sg290.
Abstract:
Questo contributo mira a tracciare un quadro di sintesi sull’istituto dell’interpretazione autentica delle leggi universali della Chiesa. La teoria e la prassi dell’attività di interpretazione hanno costituito da sempre un tema rilevante nell’evoluzione dell’ordinamento canonico: ancor più dopo la scelta di dar vita ad una codificazione universale. Come per il Codex Iuris Canonici del 1917 Benedetto XV aveva istituito una Commissione ad hoc, così per quello attualmente in vigore tale compito è stato assegnato prima alla Pontificia Commissione per l’Interpretazione Autentica del Codice di Diritto Canonico e poi al Pontificio Consiglio per l’Interpretazione dei Testi Legislativi (ora Pontificio Consiglio per i Testi Legislativi). Il presente volume, mentre analizza in maniera sistematica tutto lo spettro nel quale si può articolare e tentare di catalogare lo sforzo ermeneutico, cerca al contempo di indagarne motivazioni e dimensioni entro le marcate specificità che caratterizzano lo ius Ecclesiae. La coerenza intrinseca dell’opera interpretativa va individuata non nella ricerca metodologica di una perfezione formale (come non di rado si è registrato invece nella dommatica giuridica secolare di stampo giuspositivistico), ma nell’esigenza di far emergere e trionfare le esigenze sostanziali di giustizia, ripristinando così in tutta la sua effettività, risolvendone dubbi e contraddizioni, la rationabilitas della legge. La domanda ultima investe il possibile anacronismo dell’istituto dell’interpretazione autentica, stante, da una parte, il progressivo affermarsi di una deregulation che si diffonde in tutti gli ordinamenti e, dall’altra, un orientamento apparentemente meno confidente nel ruolo e nella capacità dello strumento giuridico quale mezzo di composizione dei conflitti che sembra in particolare segnare le attuali dinamiche evolutive del diritto canonico. Questo studio non risolve (né potrebbe) il problema, consapevole di come esso vada ben al di là del perimetro qui indagato, ma non rinuncia a farlo trasparire in filigrana dall’illustrazione compiuta ed esigente di un istituto giuridico, quale l’interpretazione autentica, ricco di implicazioni e sviluppi nelle diverse stagioni della Chiesa e, conseguentemente, della scienza canonistica.
Book chapters on the topic "Intrinsic capacity":
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Takeda, Catherine, Philippe De Souto Barreto, and Bruno Vellas. "Intrinsic Capacity." In Frailty, 23–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57361-3_5.
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Sieber, Cornel Christian. "Von Successful Aging zu Intrinsic Capacity. Was bedingt gutes Altern?" In Altern & Gesellschaft, 139–51. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-41465-8_9.
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Kotzen, Benz, Maurício Gustavo Coelho Emerenciano, Navid Moheimani, and Gavin M. Burnell. "Aquaponics: Alternative Types and Approaches." In Aquaponics Food Production Systems, 301–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15943-6_12.
Abstract:
AbstractWhilst aquaponics may be considered in the mid-stage of development, there are a number of allied, novel methods of food production that are aligning alongside aquaponics and also which can be merged with aquaponics to deliver food efficiently and productively. These technologies include algaeponics, aeroponics, aeroaquaponics, maraponics, haloponics, biofloc technology and vertical aquaponics. Although some of these systems have undergone many years of trials and research, in most cases, much more scientific research is required to understand intrinsic processes within the systems, efficiency, design aspects, etc., apart from the capacity, capabilities and benefits of conjoining these systems with aquaponics.
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Michaelson, Jennifer S., and Linda C. Burkly. "Therapeutic Targeting of TWEAK/Fn14 in Cancer: Exploiting the Intrinsic Tumor Cell Killing Capacity of the Pathway." In Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation, 145–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/400_2008_18.
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Boyadjieva, Pepka, and Petya Ilieva-Trichkova. "Adult Education as a Pathway to Empowerment: Challenges and Possibilities." In Lifelong Learning, Young Adults and the Challenges of Disadvantage in Europe, 169–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14109-6_7.
Abstract:
AbstractThis chapter develops a theoretical framework for conceptualising adult education’s role in individual empowerment using a capability approach perspective. It also provides empirical evidence on how adult education can contribute to individuals’ empowerment. Adult education is both a sphere of, and a factor for, empowerment. Empowerment through adult education is embedded in institutional structures and socio-cultural contexts and has both intrinsic and instrumental value; it is neither linear nor unproblematic. Adult education’s empowerment role is revealed in expanded agency; this enables individuals and social groups to gain power over their environment. Using quantitative and qualitative data, the chapter shows that participation in non-formal adult education can empower individuals, increasing their self-confidence, capacity to find employment, and to control their daily lives.
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Kuuluvainen, Timo, and Petri Nummi. "Strategies for the Ecological Restoration of the Boreal Forest Facing Climate Change." In Advances in Global Change Research, 443–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15988-6_17.
Abstract:
AbstractThe large-scale simplification of boreal forest ecosystem structure, composition, and processes to boost timber production, combined with the increasing pressure of climate change, has created an urgent need to restore forest biodiversity and resilience. However, the issue of restoration is relatively new in boreal forests, and there are no established strategies to guide restoration planning and action. Here we provide an overview of suggested strategic concepts and approaches for boreal forest ecosystem restoration and discuss their applicability to various situations. The key strategic questions in restoration for attaining a favorable conservation status of native ecosystem types and their intrinsic dynamics in a given area are: what, how much, and when to restore? We conclude that adaptive capacity should serve as an overarching strategic framework in boreal forest restoration during times of rapid climate change.
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von der Kammer, F., J. Thöming, and U. Förstner. "Redox Buffer Capacity Concept as a Tool for the Assessment of Long-Term Effects in Natural Attenuation / Intrinsic Remediation." In Redox, 189–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04080-5_15.
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Quisumbing, Agnes, Ruth Meinzen-Dick, and Hazel Malapit. "Measuring Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality Through the Lens of Induced Innovation." In Emerging-Economy State and International Policy Studies, 343–55. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5542-6_25.
Abstract:
AbstractUsing the lens of the theory of induced innovation, we reflect on the development of metrics for women’s empowerment and gender equality. The Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), launched in 2012, was used to monitor women’s inclusion in agricultural sector growth. Demand by WEAI users and the supply of tools and methods from researchers shaped the ongoing evolution of the tool to a shorter version and to another that reflected what agricultural development projects deemed meaningful to judge project success. Eventual modifications reflected user demand: a greater interest in market inclusion and value chains stimulated the development of specialized modules for market inclusion. WEAI-related metrics have demonstrated the importance of women’s empowerment for development outcomes, helping governments and civil society organizations design and implement gender-sensitive agricultural development programs. Finally, the adoption of SDG5 on women’s empowerment and gender equality created a demand for a measure of women’s empowerment for use by national statistical systems. Whether such a metric will be adopted globally will depend on the demand from, and utility to, stakeholders as well as existing capacity, capacity-building efforts, a belief in the intrinsic value of women’s empowerment, and the commitment of resources to attaining this goal.
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Schlüter, Holger, and Pritinder Kaur. "In Vivo Transplantation Assay at Limiting Dilution to Identify the Intrinsic Tissue Reconstitutive Capacity of Keratinocyte Stem Cells and Their Progeny." In Skin Stem Cells, 165–82. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-330-5_14.
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Martin, L., and A. P. McIlwee. "The reproductive biology and intrinsic capacity for increase of the Grey-headed Flying-foxPteropus poliocephalus(megachiroptera), and the implications of culling." In Managing the Grey-headed Flying-fox, 91–108. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2002.042.
Conference papers on the topic "Intrinsic capacity":
1
Yang, Shengtian, Rui Xu, Jun Chen, and Jian-Kang Zhang. "Intrinsic capacity." In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2017.8006894.
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Philemotte, Christophe, and Hugues Bersini. "Intrinsic emergence boosts adaptive capacity." In the 2005 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1068009.1068103.
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Hanlen, Leif W., and Roy C. Timo. "Intrinsic Capacity of Random Scattered Spatial Communication." In 2006 IEEE Information Theory Workshop - ITW '06 Chengdu. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itw2.2006.323804.
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Stevenson, CS, N. Duggan, O. Bonneau, LG Koch, SL Britton, C. Walker, J. Westwick, and MJ Thomas. "Intrinsic Aerobic Capacity Influences Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a4139.
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Garcia-Famoso, Montse, M. Angels Moncusi, and Agusti Solanas. "Holistic Approach to Intrinsic Capacity Assessment: An Engineering Perspective." In 2021 IEEE 45th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac51774.2021.00279.
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Bellandi, Valerio, Ioannis Basdekis, Paolo Ceravolo, Matteo Cesari, Ernesto Damiani, Eleftheria Iliadou, Mircea Dan Marzan, and Samira Maghool. "Engineering Continuous Monitoring of Intrinsic Capacity for Elderly People." In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Digital Health (ICDH). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdh52753.2021.00030.
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Müller, R., A. Skapenko, J. Wendler, M. Grünke, JR Kalden, and H. Schulze-Koops. "THU0119 Rheumatoid arthritis myeloid cells express an intrinsic abnormal capacity for activation." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.996.
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Heyne, E., S. Böhle, S. Zeeb, L. Koch, S. L. Britton, T. Doenst, and M. Schwarzer. "Exercise Training but Not Genetically Determined Exercise Capacity Reduces Cardiac Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury in Rats with High Intrinsic Aerobic Capacity." In 52nd Annual Meeting of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (DGTHG). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761693.
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Zhou, Aiqun, and Fengping Wu. "The intrinsic system of the urban carring capacity and its influence on urbanization rate." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6067962.
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Schwarzer, M., S. Zeeb, E. Heyne, L. G. Koch, L. Britton, and T. Doenst. "Differences in Skeletal and Heart Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Response to Intrinsic and Acquired Exercise Capacity." In 48th Annual Meeting German Society for Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1678822.
Reports on the topic "Intrinsic capacity":
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LO, Yu-Tai, Hui-Chen SU, Yi-Lin Wu, Yen-Chin Chen, Ting-wei Liao, Chanisara Chuenchomnoy, Sin Hang Tam, and Yi-Ching Yang. Non-pharmacological interventions for enhancing intrinsic capacity in community-dwelling older adults: an Umbrella Review Protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.5.0007.
Abstract:
Review question / Objective: Objective: The aim of this umbrella review is to address the question: “What interventions are effective for maximising domains of the intrinsic capacity of older adults in an outpatient setting?” Review Question as following: Population: Community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 years old. Interventions/phenomena of interest: The interventions enhanced intrinsic capacities in older adults. We have eight domains in the intrinsic capacity including locomotor function, vitality, cognitive function, mood, hearing impairment, visual impairment, sleep, and continence. Outcomes: The improvement of intrinsic capacity depends on measurement tools with reliability and validity. Study design: Umbrella Review. Condition being studied: This review would aim to describe and synthesise the existing evidence of interventions maximising and/or enhancing the intrinsic capacity of older adults. In the end, this review will provide an effective evidence synthesis for the development of interventions to older adults in the community.
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Alarcón, Arturo, Juan Alberto, Cecilia Correa, Edwin Malagon, Emilio Sawada, Hector Baldivieso, and Gabriel Rocha. Analysis of the Policy and Market Framework for Hydro Pumped Storage in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003721.
Abstract:
In the next decades, the evolution of the power sector in the region will be based on a combination of large-scale and centralized power plants, distributed generation, and even isolated microgrids. Storage technologies will be crucial to enable the management of the intrinsic variability of some renewable generation (wind and solar), particularly in scenarios where there is a need to reduce fossil fuels used for base generation. Pumped Storage Hydropower (PSH) technologies are an attractive alternative, given the regions hydropower potential, existing installed capacity, and technical knowledge. This paper explores the policy and market framework in LAC for this technology.
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Gamba-Santamaria, Santiago, Luis Fernando Melo-Velandia, and Camilo Orozco-Vanegas. What can credit vintages tell us about non-performing loans? Banco de la República de Colombia, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1154.
Abstract:
Using Colombian credit vintage data, we decompose the non-performing loans into one component that captures the evolution of the payment capacity of borrowers, and other component that captures changes in the credit risk taken by the financial system at the time of loan disbursement. We use intrinsic estimators and penalized regression techniques to overcome the perfect multicollinearity problem that the model entails. We find that these two type of components have evolved differently over time, and that good economic conditions and loose financial conditions improve the payment capacity of borrowers to meet their obligations, and in turn, they tend to coincide with the financial system engaging in riskier loans. Finally, we advocate the use of this methodology as a policy tool that is easy to apply by financial and economic authorities that dispose of a constant flow of credit vintage information. Through it, they will be able to identify the origin of the credit risk materialization and curb the risk taken by the financial system.
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Glazer, Itamar, Randy Gaugler, Daniel Segal, Parwinder Grewal, Yitzhak Spiegel, and Senthamizh Selvan. Genetic Enhancement of Environmental Stability and Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Biological Control. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7695833.bard.
Abstract:
The overall obejctive of the research project was to enhance the intrinsic biological control potential of entomopathogenic nematodes through genetic manipulation. We have chosen heat and desiccation tolerance as prime traits to be enhanced in order to increase the overall efficacy of these nematodes against insect pests under harsh conditions. Initially, we used mutagenesis and selection approaches to enhance these traits. In the mutagenesis experiments several morphological mutants of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HP88 were isolated and characterized phenotypically and genetically. Infective juveniles of H. bacteriophora HP88 were subjected to heat and desiccation selection regimes for several generations. Small increase was recorded, after 4 and 6 rearing cycles for both traits. However, in both selection regimes a significant deterioration in the reproductive capability of the nematodes was observed. In a screen of new nematode populations, from arid regions in Israel, a heat tolerant (IS5 strain) and desiccation tolerant (IS6 strain) were isolated. Both strains were taxonomically identified and their beneficial characteristics (environmental tolerance, insecticidal virulence and reproduction) were determined. We further investigated the stability of the enhanced heat tolerance trait in, and the storage capacity of, the newly discovered IS5 strain. Genetic studies demonstrated that the heat tolerance of the IS5 strain is genetically based and is dominant. The trait for heat tolerance was transferred from the IS5 strain to the HP88 strain of H. bacteriophora. The transfer was accomplished by allowing the heat tolerant strain (IS5) to mate with the commercial strain (HP88). The hybrid nature of the progeny was confirmed using a recessive marker mutant of the HP88 strain (H-dpy-2). We have used (RAPD-PCR) to compare genetic variation in the IS5 and the HP88 strains of H. baceriophora. The results indicated that genetic variation in the HP88 was significantly less than in the IS5 strain which was recently isolated from the field. The new IS5 strain may be used as an effective biological control agent in warm environments. In addition, IS5 can be used as a genetic source for cross-hybridization with other H. bacteriophora strains.
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Huang, Cihang, Yen-Fang Su, and Na Lu. Self-Healing Cementitious Composites (SHCC) with Ultrahigh Ductility for Pavement and Bridge Construction. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317403.
Abstract:
Cracks and their formations in concrete structures have been a common and long-lived problem, mainly due to the intrinsic brittleness of the concrete. Concrete structures, such as rigid pavement and bridge decks, are prone to deformations and deteriorations caused by shrinkage, temperature fluctuation, and traffic load, which can affect their service life. Rehabilitation of concrete structures is expensive and challenging—not only from maintenance viewpoints but also because they cannot be used for services during maintenance. It is critical to significantly improve the ductility of concrete to overcome such issues and to enable better infrastructure quality. To this end, the self-healing cementitious composites (SHCC) investigated in this work could be a promising solution to the aforementioned problems. In this project, the team has designed a series of cementitious composites to investigate their mechanical performances and self-healing abilities. Firstly, various types of fibers were investigated for improving ductility of the designed SHCC. To enhance the self-healing of SHCC, we proposed and examined that the combination of the internal curing method with SHCC mixture design can further improve self-healing performance. Three types of internal curing agents were used on the SHCC mixture design, and their self-healing efficiency was evaluated by multiple destructive and non-destructive tests. Results indicated a significant improvement in the self-healing capacity with the incorporation of internal curing agents such as zeolite and lightweight aggregate. To control the fiber distribution and workability of the SHCC, the mix design was further adjusted by controlling rheology using different types of viscosity modifiers. The team also explored the feasibility of the incorporation of colloidal nano-silica into the mix design of SHCC. Results suggest that optimum amounts of nano-silica have positive influence on self-healing efficiency and mechanical properties of the SHCC. Better hydration was also achieved by adding the nano-silica. The bonding strength of the SHCC with conventional concrete was also improved. At last, a standardized mixing procedure for the large scale SHCC was drafted and proposed.
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Journeay, M., P. LeSueur, W. Chow, and C L Wagner. Physical exposure to natural hazards in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330012.
Abstract:
Natural hazard threats occur in areas of the built environment where buildings, people, and related financial assets are exposed to the physical effects of earth system processes that have a potential to cause damage, injuries, losses, and related socioeconomic disruption. As cities, towns, and villages continue to expand and densify in response to the pressures of urban growth and development, so too do the levels of exposure and susceptibility to natural hazard threat. While our understanding of natural hazard processes has increased significantly over the last few decades, the ability to assess both overall levels of physical exposure and the expected impacts and consequences of future disaster events (i.e., risk) is often limited by access to an equally comprehensive understanding of the built environment and detailed descriptions of who and what are situated in harm's way. This study addresses the current gaps in our understanding of physical exposure to natural hazards by presenting results of a national model that documents characteristics of the built environment for all settled areas in Canada. The model (CanEM) includes a characterization of broad land use patterns that describe the form and function of cities, towns, and villages of varying size and complexity, and the corresponding portfolios of people, buildings and related financial assets that make up the internal structure and composition of these communities at the census dissemination area level. Outputs of the CanEM model are used to carry out a preliminary assessment of exposure and susceptibility to significant natural hazard threats in Canada including earthquake ground shaking; inundation of low-lying areas by floods and tsunami; severe winds associated with hurricanes and tornados; wildland urban interface fire (wildfire); and landslides of various types. Results of our assessment provide important new insights on patterns of development and defining characteristics of the built environment for major metropolitan centres, rural and remote communities in different physiographic regions of Canada, and the effects of ongoing urbanization on escalating disaster risk trends at the community level. Profiles of physical exposure and hazard susceptibility described in this report are accompanied by open-source datasets that can be used to inform local and/or regional assessments of disaster risk, community planning and emergency management activities for all areas in Canada. Study outputs contribute to broader policy goals and objectives of the International Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 2015-2030; Un General Assembly, 2015) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR 2015-2030; United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction [UNDRR], 2015), of which Canada is a contributing member. These include a more complete understanding of natural hazard risk at all levels of government, and the translation of this knowledge into actionable strategies that are effective in reducing intrinsic vulnerabilities of the built environment and in strengthening the capacity of communities to withstand and recover from future disaster events.
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Gottlieb, Yuval, Bradley Mullens, and Richard Stouthamer. investigation of the role of bacterial symbionts in regulating the biology and vector competence of Culicoides vectors of animal viruses. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7699865.bard.
Abstract:
Symbiotic bacteria have been shown to influence host reproduction and defense against biotic and abiotic stressors, and this relates to possible development of a symbiont-based control strategy. This project was based on the hypothesis that symbionts have a significant impact on Culicoides fitness and vector competence for animal viruses. The original objectives in our proposal were: 1. Molecular identification and localization of the newly-discovered symbiotic bacteria within C. imicola and C. schultzei in Israel and C. sonorensis in California. 2. Determination of the prevalence of symbiotic bacteria within different vector Culicoides populations. 3. Documentation of specific symbiont effects on vector reproduction and defense: 3a) test for cytoplasmic incompatibility in Cardinium-infected species; 3b) experimentally evaluate the role of the symbiont on infection or parasitism by key Culicoides natural enemies (iridescent virus and mermithid nematode). 4. Testing the role(s) of the symbionts in possible protection against infection of vector Culicoides by BTV. According to preliminary findings and difficulties in performing experimental procedures performed in other insect symbiosis systems where insect host cultures are easily maintained, we modified the last two objectives as follows: Obj. 3, we tested how symbionts affected general fitness of Israeli Culicoides species, and thoroughly described and evaluated the correlation between American Culicoides and their bacterial communities in the field. We also tried alternative methods to test symbiont-Culicoides interactions and launched studies to characterize low-temperature stress tolerances of the main US vector, which may be related to symbionts. Obj. 4, we tested the correlation between EHDV (instead of BTV) aquisition and Cardinium infection. Culicoides-bornearboviral diseases are emerging or re-emerging worldwide, causing direct and indirect economic losses as well as reduction in animal welfare. One novel strategy to reduce insects’ vectorial capacity is by manipulating specific symbionts to affect vector fitness or performance of the disease agent within. Little was known on the bacterial tenants occupying various Culicoides species, and thus, this project was initiated with the above aims. During this project, we were able to describe the symbiont Cardinium and whole bacterial communities in Israeli and American Culicoides species respectively. We showed that Cardinium infection prevalence is determined by land surface temperature, and this may be important to the larval stage. We also showed no patent significant effect of Cardinium on adult fitness parameters. We showed that the bacterial community in C. sonorensis varies significantly with the host’s developmental stage, but it varies little across multiple wastewater pond environments. This may indicate some specific biological interactions and allowed us to describe a “core microbiome” for C. sonorensis. The final set of analyses that include habitat sample is currently done, in order to separate the more intimately-associated bacteria from those inhabiting the gut contents or cuticle surface (which also could be important). We were also able to carefully study other biological aspects of Culicoides and were able to discriminate two species in C. schultzei group in Israel, and to investigate low temperature tolerances of C. sonorensis that may be related to symbionts. Scientific implications include the establishment of bacterial identification and interactions in Culicoides (our work is cited in other bacteria-Culicoides studies), the development molecular identification of C. schultzei group, and the detailed description of the microbiome of the immature and matched adult stages of C. sonorensis. Agricultural implications include understanding of intrinsic factors that govern Culicoides biology and population regulation, which may be relevant for vector control or reduction in pathogen transmission. Being able to precisely identify Culicoides species is central to understanding Culicoides borne disease epidemiology.
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Rarasati, Niken, and Rezanti Putri Pramana. Giving Schools and Teachers Autonomy in Teacher Professional Development Under a Medium-Capability Education System. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2023/050.
Abstract:
A mature teacher who continuously seeks improvement should be recognised as a professional who has autonomy in conducting their job and has the autonomy to engage in a professional community of practice (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010). In other words, teachers’ engagement in professional development activities should be driven by their own determination rather than extrinsic sources of motivation. In this context, teachers’ self-determination can be defined as a feeling of connectedness with their own aspirations or personal values, confidence in their ability to master new skills, and a sense of autonomy in planning their own professional development path (Stupnisky et al., 2018; Eyal and Roth, 2011; Ryan and Deci, 2000). Previous studies have shown the advantages of providing teachers with autonomy to determine personal and professional improvement. Bergmark (2020) found that giving teachers the opportunity to identify areas of improvement based on teaching experience expanded the ways they think and understand themselves as teachers and how they can improve their teaching. Teachers who plan their own improvement showed a higher level of curiosity in learning and trying out new things. Bergmark (2020) also shows that a continuous cycle of reflection and teaching improvement allows teachers to recognise that the perfect lesson does not exist. Hence, continuous reflection and improvement are needed to shape the lesson to meet various classroom contexts. Moreover, Cheon et al. (2018) found that increased teacher autonomy led to greater teaching efficacy and a greater tendency to adopt intrinsic (relative to extrinsic) instructional goals. In developed countries, teacher autonomy is present and has become part of teachers’ professional life and schools’ development plans. In Finland, for example, the government is responsible for providing resources and services that schools request, while school development and teachers’ professional learning are integrated into a day-to-day “experiment” performed collaboratively by teachers and principals (Niemi, 2015). This kind of experience gives teachers a sense of mastery and boosts their determination to continuously learn (Ryan and Deci, 2000). In low-performing countries, distributing autonomy of education quality improvement to schools and teachers negatively correlates with the countries’ education outcomes (Hanushek et al., 2011). This study also suggests that education outcome accountability and teacher capacity are necessary to ensure the provision of autonomy to improve education quality. However, to have teachers who can meet dynamic educational challenges through continuous learning, de Klerk & Barnett (2020) suggest that developing countries include programmes that could nurture teachers’ agency to learn in addition to the regular content and pedagogical-focused teacher training materials. Giving autonomy to teachers can be challenging in an environment where accountability or performance is measured by narrow considerations (teacher exam score, administrative completion, etc.). As is the case in Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, teachers tend to attend training to meet performance evaluation administrative criteria rather than to address specific professional development needs (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). Generally, the focus of the training relies on what the government believes will benefit their teaching workforce. Teacher professional development (TPD) is merely an assignment for Jakarta teachers. Most teachers attend the training only to obtain attendance certificates that can be credited towards their additional performance allowance. Consequently, those teachers will only reproduce teaching practices that they have experienced or observed from their seniors. As in other similar professional development systems, improvement in teaching quality at schools is less likely to happen (Hargreaves, 2000). Most of the trainings were led by external experts or academics who did not interact with teachers on a day-to-day basis. This approach to professional development represents a top-down mechanism where teacher training was designed independently from teaching context and therefore appears to be overly abstract, unpractical, and not useful for teachers (Timperley, 2011). Moreover, the lack of relevancy between teacher training and teaching practice leads to teachers’ low ownership of the professional development process (Bergmark, 2020). More broadly, in the Jakarta education system, especially the public school system, autonomy was never given to schools and teachers prior to establishing the new TPD system in 2021. The system employed a top-down relationship between the local education agency, teacher training centres, principals, and teachers. Professional development plans were usually motivated by a low teacher competency score or budgeted teacher professional development programme. Guided by the scores, the training centres organised training that could address knowledge areas that most of Jakarta's teachers lack. In many cases, to fulfil the quota as planned in the budget, the local education agency and the training centres would instruct principals to assign two teachers to certain training without knowing their needs. Realizing that the system was not functioning, Jakarta’s local education agency decided to create a reform that gives more autonomy toward schools and teachers in determining teacher professional development plan. The new system has been piloted since November 2021. To maintain the balance between administrative evaluation and addressing professional development needs, the new initiative highlights the key role played by head teachers or principals. This is based on assumption that principals who have the opportunity to observe teaching practice closely could help teachers reflect and develop their professionalism. (Dymoke and Harrison, 2006). As explained by the professional development case in Finland, leadership and collegial collaboration are also critical to shaping a school culture that could support the development of professional autonomy. The collective energies among teachers and the principal will also direct the teacher toward improving teaching, learning, and caring for students and parents (Hyslop-Margison and Sears, 2010; Hargreaves, 2000). Thus, the new TPD system in Jakarta adopts the feature of collegial collaboration. This is considered as imperative in Jakarta where teachers used to be controlled and join a professional development activity due to external forces. Learning autonomy did not exist within themselves. Hence, teachers need a leader who can turn the "professional development regulation" into a culture at schools. The process will shape teachers to do professional development quite autonomously (Deci et al., 2001). In this case, a controlling leadership style will hinder teachers’ autonomous motivation. Instead, principals should articulate a clear vision, consider teachers' individual needs and aspirations, inspire, and support professional development activities (Eyal and Roth, 2011). This can also be called creating a professional culture at schools (Fullan, 1996). In this Note, we aim to understand how the schools and teachers respond to the new teacher professional development system. We compare experience and motivation of different characteristics of teachers.