Academic literature on the topic 'Intragroup Relations'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intragroup Relations"
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GARRISON, JEAN A., PAUL D. HOYT, and DEBORAH M. WITUSKI. "Managing Intragroup Relations in Foreign Policy." Cooperation and Conflict 32, no. 3 (September 1997): 261–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010836797032003002.
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Mackie, Diane M., and Eliot R. Smith. "Group-based emotion in group processes and intergroup relations." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 20, no. 5 (June 25, 2017): 658–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430217702725.
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Group-based emotions are experienced as a result of group categorization and group identification. We first review the transformative idea that emotion can occur as a group-level phenomenon driven by group-level processes. We then briefly review the impact of this idea on research about intragroup processes and intergroup relations in the decades since 1998. We conclude by raising some questions whose answers would further extend the reach and predictive power of group-based emotions in both intragroup and intergroup contexts.
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Pearson, Adam R., Tessa V. West, John F. Dovidio, Stacie Renfro Powers, Ross Buck, and Robert Henning. "The Fragility of Intergroup Relations." Psychological Science 19, no. 12 (December 2008): 1272–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02236.x.
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Intergroup interactions between racial or ethnic majority and minority groups are often stressful for members of both groups; however, the dynamic processes that promote or alleviate tension in intergroup interaction remain poorly understood. Here we identify a behavioral mechanism—response delay—that can uniquely contribute to anxiety and promote disengagement from intergroup contact. Minimally acquainted White, Black, and Latino participants engaged in intergroup or intragroup dyadic conversation either in real time or with a subtle temporal disruption (1-s delay) in audiovisual feedback. Whereas intergroup dyads reported greater anxiety and less interest in contact after engaging in delayed conversation than after engaging in real-time conversation, intragroup dyads reported less anxiety in the delay condition than they did after interacting in real time. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for understanding intergroup communication and social dynamics and for promoting positive intergroup contact.
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García Vidal, Gelmar, Laritza Guzmán Vilar, Reyner Francisco Pérez Campdesuñer, and Betty Alexandra Rivera Rivera. "Sociometric Study of Intragroup Relations in a Work Group." Journal of Business 10, no. 2 (2018): 48–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21678/jb.2018.793.
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Wright, Joshua D., L. James Climenhage, Michael T. Schmitt, and Nyla R. Branscombe. "Perceptual harmony in judgments of group prototypicality and intragroup respect." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 22, 2020): e0243821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243821.
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We test common sense psychology of intragroup relations whereby people assume that intragroup respect and ingroup prototypicality are positively related. In Study 1a, participants rated a group member as more prototypical if they learned that group member was highly respected rather than disrespected. In Study 1b, participants rated a group member as more respected by other group members if they learned that group member was prototypical rather than unprototypical. As a commonsense psychology of groups, we reasoned that the perceived relationship between prototypicality and intragroup respect would be stronger for cohesive groups compared to incohesive groups. The effect of intragroup respect on perceptions of prototypicality (Study 2a & 2c) and the effect of prototypicality on perceptions of intragroup respect (Study 2b) were generally stronger for participants considering cohesive groups relative to incohesive groups. However, the interaction effect of prototypicality and group cohesion on intragroup respect did fail to replicate in Study 2d. In Studies 3, 4a, and 4b we manipulated the relationship between prototypicality and intragroup respect and found that when these variables were in perceptual harmony participants perceived groups as more cohesive. The results of eight out of nine studies conducted are consistent with the prediction that people make inferences about intragroup respect, prototypicality, and group cohesion in a manner that maintains perceptual harmony.
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Hochwälder, Jacek. "On Inter- and Intragroup Differences in Schematic and Aschematic Groups' Ratings of Trait Relations." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 3_suppl (June 1996): 1279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3c.1279.
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It was hypothesized that a subject's personality with respect to having a self-schema in a given personality domain will affect the subject's assumptions about how traits that belong to the given personality domain are interrelated in other persons. Two hypotheses were posed: (1) schematic, as compared to aschematic groups, assume stronger relations (likelihood of co-occurrence) between schema-consistent traits in other persons and (2) schematic persons assume stronger relations between schema-consistent traits, as compared to schema-inconsistent traits and schema-neutral traits in other persons. 82 women made self-ratings on 3 feminine traits, 3 masculine traits, and 3 neutral traits, as well as trait-relation ratings between pairs consisting of feminine traits (F-F relation), masculine traits (M-M relation), and neutral traits (N-N relation). On the basis of the self-ratings subjects were classified into feminine schematic ( n = 14) and aschematic groups ( n = 13). The trait-relation ratings were analyzed through a 2 × 3 (group × type of trait-relation) analysis of variance. The analysis confirmed both hypotheses. Implications of these results for self-schema and implicit personality theory are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
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Deloof, Marc. "Belgian Intragroup Relations and the Determinants of Corporate Liquid Reserves." European Financial Management 7, no. 3 (September 2001): 375–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-036x.00161.
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Zhang, Yan, and Anne Tsui. "Intragroup Functional Diversity and Intergroup Relations in American and Chinese Workgroups." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 44, no. 7 (January 15, 2013): 1127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022112471897.
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Dovidio, John F. "Bridging intragroup processes and intergroup relations: Needing the twain to meet." British Journal of Social Psychology 52, no. 1 (March 2013): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12026.
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Grigoryev, Dmitry Sergeevich. "Views on Cultural Diversity as well as Authoritarian and Ethnocentric Attitudes of Russians." RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 17, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2020-17-3-473-490.
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The article considers the relationship of different views on ethnocultural diversity (intergroup ideologies) and authoritarian and ethnocentric attitudes of Russians. This is an important issue because, having the status of a culturally dominant group, it is the ethnic Russians who largely determine the mutual character of intercultural relations in Russia. In this regard, an empirical study was carried out aimed at (1) testing the relationship of intergroup ideologies (assimilationism, colorblindness, multiculturalism, polyculturalism) with other attitudes relevant to intercultural relations (ethnocentrism, right-wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation) and (2) testing their sociofunctional orientation. A cross-sectional one-sample correlation design using data from the socio-psychological survey was applied. According to the results of the study on a sample of 225 ethnic Russians, it was found that: (1) assimilationism was positively associated with intergroup ethnocentrism; (2) colorblindness was negatively associated with intragroup and intergroup ethnocentrism, authoritarian aggression, conventionalism as well as dominance and anti-egalitarianism; (3) multiculturalism was positively associated with intragroup ethnocentrism and conventionalism; and (4) polyculturalism was negatively associated with intergroup ethnocentrism. In addition, it was proposed to distinguish four dimensions of the considered attitudes for a general description of intercultural relations in Russia: (1) protective group motivation aimed at collective security and cohesion (intragroup ethnocentrism and right-wing authoritarianism); (2) social domination orientation (dominance and anti-egalitarianism); (3) cultural dominance orientation and superiority (intergroup ethnocentrism, assimilationism and rejection of colorblindness); and (4) acceptance of cultural diversity (multiculturalism and polyculturalism). The results were discussed in terms of the importance of taking into account the historical development of intercultural relations in Russia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intragroup Relations"
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Chang, Jin Wook. "The Effects of Group Status on Intragroup Behavior: Implications for Group Process and Outcome." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/516.
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How does the status of a group influence the behavior of individuals within the group? This dissertation aims to answer this question by investigating the psychological and behavioral implications of membership in high- versus low-status groups, with a primary focus on the impact of membership in a high-status group. I propose that membership in high-status groups leads to self-oriented intragroup behavior, behavior that best suits members’ own interests regardless of the impact on group outcomes. In five studies, I test this idea and examine the psychological mechanism underlying this effect. The first three studies find that membership in a high-status group (a) decreases the resources allocated for the group as members attempt to ensure personal gain; (b) lowers the preference for a competent newcomer who may enhance group outcome but who may jeopardize personal gains; and (c) reduces the amount of voluntary information sharing during group negotiations, hindering group outcomes. The findings also reveal that reducing the conflict between group and personal interests via cooperative incentives encourages group-oriented behavior in high-status groups. The next two studies conceptually replicate these findings focusing on members’ information withholding – self-oriented behavior designed to prevent other in-group members from outperforming them. Specifically, results reveal that high-status group-membership increases intentional withholding of information, which in turn impairs group outcomes. However, this damaging pattern of intragroup behavior triggered by membership in a high-status group is alleviated when group members are led to believe that their group status is at stake. Taken together, this dissertation provides converging evidence that membership in high-status groups increases emphasis on personal interests within the group and that these concerns manifest in intragroup behavior that is distinct from that triggered by membership in low-status groups. The findings illuminate how the status of a group might shape the ways that members interact with other in-group members, as well as document the potential micro- and meso-level mechanisms through which status differences among social groups persist and change.
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Ito, Atsuki. "Culture as Group Dynamics -Collective survival strategy, bases of intragroup cooperation and social hierarchy-." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263731.
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京都大学新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第23270号
人博第985号
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授 内田 由紀子, 教授 齋木 潤, 教授 月浦 崇
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
DGAM
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Petengoue, Tassi Jules Alain. "Le traitement fiscal du financement des sociétés dans les relations intragroupes en droit comparé français, allemand et camerounais." Cergy-Pontoise, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CERG0406.
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La problématique liée à l’insuffisance des moyens financiers des entreprises ne cesse de susciter nombres d’interrogations à laquelle une réaction est nécessaire. Les groupes de sociétés en revanche sont moins exposés car, ils constituent un marché interne de capitaux dans lequel les filiales peuvent se financer. En effet, des techniques juridiques de financement orientées vers des choix fiscaux mesurés, s’avèrent être des outils d’optimisation des revenus facilitant le renflouement des fonds propres intragroupes. Telle l’obligation alimentaire au sein d’une famille, les flux financiers horizontaux et verticaux alimentent les sociétés du groupe selon la technique de centralisation de trésorerie. Il en est de même des techniques fiscale du régime de l’exonération des dividendes et de celui de la remontée des pertes. Néanmoins, un contrôle de gestion est important et des sanctions nécessaires. C’est un mécanisme voulu par certains pays européens pour l’expansion des groupes au sein la communauté économique et la conquête de nouveaux marchés. Cette conception est à la base de la dotation des moyens de financement en vigueur en France et en Allemagne, en dehors de la divergence de certains choix tactiques. L’harmonisation du droit des activités économiques, sa modernité et son adaptabilité sont des atouts importants pour la vulgarisation du droit, la promotion des investissements et la création de la valeur ajoutée. Tels sont également les objectifs du droit des activités économiques dans l’espace OHADAThe problem bound to the incapacity of the financial means of companies does not stop arousing numbers of questioning for whom a reaction is necessary. The umbrella organisations on the other hand are less exposed because, they establish an internal market of capital in which subsidiaries can finance. Indeed, legal techniques of financing directed to moderate fiscal choices, turn out to be tools of optimization of incomes facilitating the bailing out(refloating) of intragroupes stockholders' equity. Such the maintenance obligation within a family, the horizontal and vertical financial streams feed the companies of the group according to the technique of centralization of finance. It's the same techniques fiscal of the regime of the exemption from dividends and from that of the ascent of the losses. Nevertheless, a management control is important and necessary penalties. It is a mechanism wanted by certain European countries for the expansion of the groups in the breast the economic community and the conquest of new markets. This conception is on the base of the subsidy of the means of financing current in France and in Germany, except the difference of certain choices tactics. The harmonization of the law of economic activities, its modernity and its adaptability are assets important for the popularization of the law, the promotion of the investments and the creation of the added value. Such are also the objectives of the law of economic activities in the space OHADA
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Taillandier, Anne. "Influence des processus cognitifs et motivationnels sur la perception de variablité intragroupe et sur les attitudes intergroupes : vers une articulation." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF20002.
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L'objectif général ayant guidé ce travail consiste à regarder comment des modèles théoriques issus de courants différents (cognition sociale et relations intergroupes), qui se situent aussi à des niveaux d'explication distincts, peuvent être articulés pour rendre compte de certains phénomènes de groupe. En particulier, s'agissant de l'effet d'homogénéité de l'endogroupe et du biais pro-endogroupe deux modèles théoriques peuvent être proposés. L'un est purement cognitif de niveau intra-individuel (le modèle intégratif de Mullen), l'autre est motivationnel et se situe à un niveau positionnel d'explication ( la théorie de l'identité sociale et plus particulièrement les travaux de Simon et Brown). Certaines lacunes ont été mises en évidence dans les recherches réalisées à ce jour concernant la conceptualisation et l'opérationalisation d'une variable centrale (le concept de minorité). En effet, les tenants de ces deux modèles envisagent le concept de minorité dans des acceptations différentes, Mullen se focalise sur la composante numérique de la minorité, Simon et Brown sur la composante sociale (statut). L'hyppothèse est faite que ces deux modèles sont applicables dans des contextes sociaux différents en fonction de l'enjeu identitaire véhiculé par la situation. Le modèle de Mullen serait pertinent uniquement dans des contextes où l'enjeu identitaire est faible. Deux séries de 4 expériences sont proposées. La 1ère série fait varier systématiquement les différences numériques et statutaires entre les groupes afin d'en déterminer les effets sur la perception de variabilité et sur le biais pro-endogroupe. Elle est effectuée dans des conditions où les enjeux identitaires sont faibles, on s'attend à un effet plus fort de la taille. La 2e série est réalisée alors que l'identité sociale des sujets est rendue saillante, on s''attend a un effet plus fort du statut. Mais l'effet de la saillance cognitive (petite taille) se révèle toujours assez fortThe main aim of this research has been to see how differing theoretical models (social cognition and intergroup relations) each with their specific explanatory frameworks, could be combined to explain certain group phenomena. We looked particularly at two theoretical models relating to ingroup homogeneity effect and pro-ingroup bias. The first is essentially cognitive, focusing on the intraindividual level (mullen's integrative model), and the second motivational, based on positional analysis (social identity theory and especially the work of simon and brown). Some shortcoming in previous research concerning the conceptualization and application of one of the key variables (the concept of minority) are highlighted. In fact, advocates of the two models attribute differing meaning to the concept "minority". Mullen focuses on the numerical component, while simon and brown insist on the social one. We attend that these two models are applicable to different social contexts, depending on the importance of identity as a factor in a given situation. Mullen's model would be therefore relevant only in contexts where identity is a non-dominant factor. Two series of four experiments were proposed. In the first series, numerical and positional differences between the groups were systematically altered in order to determine the effect on the perception of group differences and on pro-ingroup bias. As social identity here was not seen to be at stake, it was expected that group size would be a more significant factor. In the second series, where the subjects's social identity was a crucial factor, we expected a much stronger status effect. Notwithstanding, a fairly strong, assertive cognitive factor remained evident, even in small groups
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Santos, Susana Loureiro dos. "Degree of virtuality, intragroup conflict, emotional regulation of team members and group performance: What relations?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85479.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Psicologia apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da EducaçãoGrau de virtualidade, conflito intragrupal, regulação emocional dos membros e desempenho da equipa: Que relações? Com a globalização e o avanço da tecnologia, a quantidade de equipas organizacionais com grau de virtualidade continua a crescer (Mathieu, Maynard, Rapp, & Gilson, 2008). Assim, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo, por um lado, testar o papel mediador dos conflitos intragrupais na relação entre o grau de virtualidade e o desempenho grupal e, por outro lado, analisar o papel moderador da regulação emocional dos membros das equipas na relação entre o conflito intragrupal e o desempenho. Para isso, realizámos um estudo empírico com 58 grupos de trabalho pertencentes a 38 organizações de diversos setores de atividade. Os dados foram recolhidos através de questionários administrados aos membros das equipas e respetivos líderes. As hipóteses previamente formuladas foram testadas ao nível grupal, através da análise das correlações e da regressão múltipla. As hipóteses de mediação e de moderação não foram suportadas. Não obstante, os resultados sugerem que o conflito socioafetivo tem uma relação negativa com a eficiência, uma das dimensões do desempenho grupal, reforçando o que a literatura já aponta para as equipas ditas tradicionais, ou seja, que quanto mais conflitos de relacionamento uma equipa com grau de virtualidade tiver de enfrentar, menor será a sua eficiência em termos de desempenho.
Degree of virtuality, intragroup conflict, emotional regulation of team members and group performance: What relations? With globalization and the advancement of technology, the number of organizational groups with some degree of virtuality continues to grow (Mathieu et al., 2008). The purpose of this dissertation is, on one hand, to test the mediating role of intragroup conflicts in the relation between the degree of virtuality and group performance and, on the other hand, to analyze the moderating role of emotional regulation of team members in the relation between intragroup conflict and group performance. With this intention, we carried out an empirical study with 58 work groups belonging to 38 organizations from different sectors of activity. Data was collected through questionnaires administered to team members and their leaders. The previously formulated hypotheses were tested at the group level through the analysis of correlations and multiple regression. The assumptions of mediation and moderation were not supported. Nevertheless, the results suggest that social-affective conflict has a negative relation with efficiency, one of the dimensions of group performance, reinforcing what literature already points out to the so-called traditional teams, that is, the more relationship conflicts a team with degree of virtuality has to face, the lower the efficiency in terms of performance.
Books on the topic "Intragroup Relations"
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Le traitement fiscal du financement des sociétés dans les relations intragroupes: Une étude comparée au regard du droit français, du droit allemand et dans l'espace OHADA. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2011.
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Spears, Russell, Martin Lea, and Tom Postmes. Computer-mediated communication and social identity. Edited by Adam N. Joinson, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Tom Postmes, and Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0017.
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This article argues that social identities not only populate computer-mediated communication (CMC) and the Internet, but they often thrive there, both by designation (of identity: the cognitive dimension) and by design (the strategic dimension in which identities and their agendas are contested). This means that far from being eliminated in CMC, the group and its effects often shine through in CMC (intragroup cohesiveness and conformity, intergroup contrast, and competition). In terms of status and power differentials this can mean that the power and status relations associated with categories are reinforced, both cognitively, by being tied to the roles and relations associated with these identities, and strategically, by the surveillance which CMC can sometimes bring.
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Jensenius, Francesca R. Chipping Away at the Caste Hierarchy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646608.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 is about recognition for SCs in Indian society, and how quotas have affected caste-based discrimination. After summarizing key findings in the literature on intragroup and intergroup relations, and the ritual practices of SCs in India today, the chapter presents evidence from two surveys that provide indications of a lessening in caste-based discrimination in SC-reserved areas. The patterns are not robust and the surveys do not have samples that are representative of large areas, so the findings should be treated as tentative. Nonetheless, in both cases the evidence points toward potentially wide-ranging social changes resulting from implementation of the quota system. These patterns are further corroborated by findings from studies of village-level quotas for SCs.
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Reykowski, Janusz. Disenchantment with Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190078584.001.0001.
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The main theme of the book is the resurgence in the countries of liberal democracy, the political movements that express an approval for violence as a mean of attaining group goals. From ancient time, violence was a commonly accepted, dominant way of gaining wealth, prestige, and fame, as well as a means of social control and socialization of young generations. Human communities attempted to regulate and curtail violence, primarily in intragroup relations. A major change in attitude toward violence was brought about by the development of liberal culture and liberal institutions that saw individual freedom and individual rights as fundamental values. The role of violence was to be limited by two main institutions: the free market and liberal democracy, both of which regard individual freedom as a cardinal principle. However, they have both turned out to be fallible. Conflicts of interests, ideological or world views contradictions, and identity differences are sources of destructive conflicts that trigger various forms of violence: political, economic, symbolic, and physical. This book focuses on two issues. One refers to the psychological nature of the main conflicts and the question of whether those conflicts are intractable and must necessarily lead to destructive consequences. The other, concerns the imperfections of liberal institutions, which render them unable to perform sufficiently well one of their basic functions, that is, removing violence from the sphere of human relations. This analysis is carried out from a specific perspective, focusing on psychological sources and consequences of the phenomena discussed in the book.
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Sikka, Prem. Corporate Governance and Family-owned Companies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805274.003.0005.
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It is often claimed that the ownership structure and the close involvement of family members alleviates agency problems and gives them a long-term orientation compared to a corporation with dispersed shareholding and control. Through a case study relating to the demise of BHS, one of the biggest UK retailers, the chapter probes these claims. BHS was an epitome of shareholder capitalism. It was owned and controlled by Sir Philip Green and his family. The control enabled the Green family to extract large amounts of cash from BHS through dividends and complex intragroup transactions, with virtually no questions from board members, regulators or auditors. The flawed corporate governance of BHS inflicted considerable hardship on other stakeholders. The demise of BHS should encourage reflections on the claims (agency theory) that an alignment of the interests of shareholders and directors somehow leads to better governance and socially responsible management.
Book chapters on the topic "Intragroup Relations"
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Armenta, Angel D., Jessica R. Bray, and Michael A. Zárate. "How Globalization Introduced by Immigration Shapes Intragroup and Intergroup Relations." In Globalized Identities, 53–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04644-5_3.
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Hoffman, Adar, Anahita Mehrpour, and Christian Staerklé. "The Many Faces of Social Connectedness and Their Impact on Well-being." In Withstanding Vulnerability throughout Adult Life, 169–87. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4567-0_11.
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AbstractDifferent theoretical frameworks have been developed to account for the impact of social connectedness on individual outcomes such as vulnerability and subjective well-being, in particular approaches based on social identity theory, on social networks, and on social capital. We review research that describes how such social connectedness approaches rooted in psychological, social-psychological and sociological traditions demonstrate the link between social relations, vulnerability and well-being.We summarize and compare key arguments of these approaches in terms of their views on the processes relating the collective-relational to the individual-psychological. Indeed, social connectedness is generally associated with positive individual outcomes (such as prevention of physical and mental health issues and improved subjective well-being).Under some circumstances, however, these positive effects weaken or disappear. We therefore discuss boundary conditions of these processes, by looking at research explaining variation of the relation between connectedness and well-being as a function of social conditions (e.g., structural inequality, weak social relations, or negative social identities).Last, we discuss specificities and commonalities between approaches, for example regarding bridging and bonding social capital, or intergroup and intragroup relations. We highlight the tensions between approaches and offer some guidelines regarding their most promising use as a function of one’s research goals.
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Keisu, Britt-Inger, and Susanne Tafvelin. "The Concept of Intragroup Conflict in Relation to Gender and Well-Being in Women-Dominated Work." In Aligning Perspectives on Health, Safety and Well-Being, 197–213. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77734-0_11.
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"Oxytocinergic Circuitry Motivates Intragroup Cooperation and Intergroup Competition." In Neuroscience of Prejudice and Intergroup Relations, 73–96. Psychology Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203124635-9.
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"CHAPTER NINE The Impact of Anglo American Racism on Mexican-Origin Intragroup Relations." In The Mexican Outsiders, 200–221. University of Texas Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/751736-014.
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Hirschberger, Gilad, and Tsachi Ein-Dor. "A Temporal Account of Collective Victimization as Existential Threat." In The Social Psychology of Collective Victimhood, 100–119. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190875190.003.0005.
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This chapter examines the role of existential threat in responses to (historical) collective victimization. The literature on collective victimhood developed from an intergroup relations and conflict resolution perspective. Consequently, individual and intragroup responses to collective victimhood have been understudied. This limitation can be addressed by shifting to a focus on threat and group survival as the primary motivations driving responses to collective victimization. The chapter presents a multidimensional model and definition of existential threat and discusses how each component of threat (individual, future-oriented physical threat; collective, future-oriented physical threat; collective, future-oriented symbolic threat; and a collective, past-oriented threat) is present in collective, historical victimization. What may seem problematic and biased from the perspective of intergroup relations can, in fact, be adaptive for the group’s survival.
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"3. A Thin Line between Love and Hate: Language, Social Stigma, and Intragroup Relations." In Fluid Borders, 61–99. University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520938496-005.
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Belonick, Paul. "Cataclysm." In Restraint, Conflict, and the Fall of the Roman Republic, 121—C6.N55. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197662663.003.0007.
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Abstract Chapter 6 locates within an unstable long trend of disruption to the meta-rules the clash between Marius and Sulla. At every point, the convoluted paths of the antagonists and the cataclysmic butchery that they unleased were shaped by the confluence of factors in the application and judgment of restraint norms that made nonviolent, intragroup policing ever less viable. The two injected a heavier dose of destabilizing uncertainty into the sensitive mores than had ever been absorbed before, and carried the disruption well past any facile tribune/senate divide or structural idiosyncrasy of the tribunate. The ability of social norms to order the group as a whole peacefully thus weakened, and violence further became the solution to disputes. Although this process did not dictate immediate social collapse, uncertainty now would hang in the background of every future aristocratic interaction. The chapter also explains Sulla’s “new” constitution as a product of the restraint values, as an attempt to fix inter-personal relations and to heal the broken judgment group, rather than a conscious political program. Finally, it explains how Sulla could be a man simultaneously so shocking and so orthodox: he consistently attempted to hew to a kaleidoscopic system of restraint patterns that caused him by turns to be ruthless or orderly, but always in pursuit of upholding what he believed were longstanding values in the contorted habitus.
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Cox, Fletcher D. "Northern Kenya." In Civil Action and the Dynamics of Violence, 89–120. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056896.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 presents a critical microlevel case study of civil action in an underanalyzed conflict in Northern Kenya—the Samburu-Turkana Range War. Evidence from the case indicates that civil and uncivil actions co-evolve and coexist. Community-based organizations (CBOs) and traditional authorities effectively use civic action to interrupt violence escalation. At the same time, civic action does not fully eliminate violence, but rather changes the qualities of it. Civil action provides platforms for the coordination of inter- and intragroup relationships, which helps to dampen the frequency of violence and the speed of escalation but also raises the cost of violence. It allows local armed groups to become better armed, better organized, and more capable of accessing detailed, covert information through local relational networks. Violence occurs less often and escalates less rapidly, but when it does occur, it is deadlier. Under conditions of state fragility, civil action plays an unintentional role in increasing militia mobilization and prolonging protracted conflict.
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Aparecida Capellini, Simone, Larissa Sellin, Ilaria D’Angelo, Noemi Del Bianco, Catia Giaconi, and Giseli Donadon Germano. "Visual-Motor Perception and Handwriting Performance of Students with Mixed Subtype Dyslexia." In Dyslexia. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93626.
Full textAbstract:
This studyaimed to characterize and compare the visual-motor perception and handwriting performance of students with mixed dyslexia and students with good academic performance. Twenty-six schoolchildren of both sexes participated in this study, aged 9 to 11 years and 11 months old, from fourth and fifth grades of an elementary school in municipal public schools, from an average socioeconomic level, divided into two groups: Group I (GI) composed of 13 students with a multidisciplinary diagnosis of mixed developmental dyslexia and Group II (GII) composed of 13 students with good academic performance from a municipal school and matched according to gender, education, and age to GI. All students in this study were subjected to the application of the following procedures: Developmental Test of Visual Perception III—DTVP-III, Dysgraphia Scale and writing analysis by NeuroScript MovAlyzeR 6.1 software. The results were analyzed statistically using the following tests: Mann-Whitney test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Friedman test, aiming to verify intragroup and intergroup differences for the variables of interest in the DTVP-III, the Dysgraphia Scale, and the measures of handwriting speed and pressure by the MovAlyzeR software. The results were analyzed statistically at a significance level of 5% (0.050). The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between GI and GII in the parameters of the Dysgraphia Scale, floating lines, irregular spaces between words, junction points, sudden movements, and dimension irregularities. GII showed a superior performance in relation to GI in the variables analyzed with the DTVP-III in visual-motor integration, reduced motricity perception, and general visual perception. There was no statistically significant difference between GI and GII in the variables analyzed by the MovAlyzeR software. The results of this study allowed us to conclude that students with mixed dyslexia present a lower performance profile than the students with good academic performance in general visual perception, reduced motricity visual perception, and visual-motor perception skills, which may be the cause of the quality of dysgraphic writing characterized by floating lines, irregular spaces, junction points, sudden movements, and dimension irregularities.