Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intra mode decision'
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1
Ho, Chinh Quoc. "An Investigation of Intra-Household Interactions in Travel Mode Choice." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9533.
Abstract:
AN INVESTIGATION OF INTRA-HOUSEHOLD INTERACTIONS IN TRAVEL MODE CHOICE This thesis develops a modelling framework to integrate intra-household interactions with tour-based mode choice. The findings provide evidence of intra-household interactions in travel mode choice of each household member and highlight factors associated with joint household activities and shared ride arrangements, with a distinction between weekdays and weekends. The results indicate that household resources, mobility and social constraints, and opportunities to coordinate household members’ activities play an important role in arranging joint household travel. Also, modelling outputs signal the differences that interpersonal interactions make to model elasticities and the implications for transport policy. The originality and the contribution of this research lie in four main areas. First, it tests the relevance of interactions between household members to household mode choice decisions and adds an additional ‘layer of interactions’ to the activity-based modelling framework. The study offers an analysis of household travel decisions embedding context and situation effects, thereby reflecting more realistically the nature of travel decisions. Second, this study offers a typology of joint household tour patterns embedded in a modelling approach which permits a variety of activity-travel patterns amongst all household members together with intra-household interactions. Third, the research provides evidence on the effects of land use factors measured at the micro-level so as to identify which aspects of the built environment are most likely to support policy change for sustainable transport choices. Finally, by separating weekend activity-travel from their weekday counterparts, this study is able to quantify empirically differences which suggest different transport management measures aimed to alleviate traffic congestion and promote public transport use.
2
Alay, Ozgu. "Fast Intra/inter Mode Decision For A Real-time H.264 Streaming System." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607355/index.pdf.
Abstract:
Video compression is a key technology used in several multimedia applications. Improvements in the compression techniques together with the increasing speed and optimized architecture of the new family processors enable us to use this technology more in real time systems. H.264 (also known as MPEG-4 Part 10 or AVC - Advanced Video Coding), is the latest video coding standard which is noted for achieving very high data compression. While H.264 is superior to its predecessors, it has a very high computational complexity which makes its costly for real time applications. Thus, in order to perform video encoding with satisfactory speed there is an obvious need for reducing the computational complexity. New algorithms were developed for this purpose. The developed algorithms were implemented on Texas Instrument TMS320C64x family to be able to fulfill the requirement in optimized signal processing hardware with low power consumption which arises from the computational complexity and the need for portable devices in video processing technology. With the new algorithms developed, a computation reduction of 55% was achieved without loosing perceptual image quality. Furthermore, the algorithms were implemented on a DSP along with the networking functionality to obtain a video streaming system. The final system may be used in a wide range of fields from surveillance systems to mobile systems.
3
Zouidi, Naïma. "Complexity reduction of VVC encoder using machine learning techniques : intra-prediction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAR0016.
Abstract:
En juillet 2020, la nouvelle norme de codage vidéo, appelle Versatile Video Coding (VVC), a été publiée par le groupe Joint Video Experts Team (JVET). Cette norme permet un niveau plus élevé de polyvalence avec une meilleure performance en compression vidéo par rapport à son prédécesseur, High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). En effet, elle introduit plusieurs nouveaux outils de codage tels que les modes de prédiction intra à granularité plus fine (IPMs) et la division QuadTree Multi-type Tree (QTMT). Étant donné que la recherche des meilleures décisions de codage est généralement précédée par l’optimisation du coût en distorsion et débit binaire, l’introduction de nouveaux outils de codage ou l’amélioration des outils existants nécessite des calculs supplémentaires. En fait, la norme VVC est 31 fois plus complexe que la norme HEVC. Par conséquent, cette thèse vise à réduire la complexité de calcul de la norme VVC et plus particulièrement au niveau des outils de prédiction Intra. Elle étudie en premiers lieu les opportunités de réduction de la complexité dans la décision du mode intra de la norme VVC. Puis, deux algorithmes rapides de décision de mode de prédiction intra basé sur des modèles d’apprentissage automatique telles que les réseaux de neurones convolutifs multi-tachés et l’arbre de décision LightGradient Boosting Machine (Light-GBM) ont été proposésIn July 2020, the new video coding standard Versatile Video Coding (VVC), was released by the Joint Video Expert Team (JVET). This standard enables a higher level of versatility with a better compression performance compared to its predecessor, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Indeed, it introduces several new coding tools such as finer-granularity Intra prediction Modes (IPMs), and nested Multi-type Tree (QTMT) and finer-granularity Intra Prediction Modes (IPM). Because finding the best encoding decisions is usually preceded by optimizing the Rate Distortion (RD) cost, introducing new coding tools or enhancing existing ones would require additional computations. In fact, the VVC is 31 times more complex than the HEVC. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to reduce the computational complexity of the VVC. First, it studies the upper bound of complexity reduction in the intra mode decision of the VVC. Then, proposes two fast decision algorithms for the intra mode decision based on machine learning algorithms such as Multi-Task Learning (MTL) and Light-Gradient Boosting Machine (Light-GBM) were proposed
4
Palomino, Daniel Munari Vilchez. "Algorithm and hardware based architectural design targeting the intra-frame prediction of the HEVC video coding standard." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70236.
Abstract:
Este trabalho apresenta uma arquitetura de hardware para a predição intra-quadro do padrão emergente HEVC de codificação de vídeo. O padrão HEVC está sendo desenvolvido tendo como principal objetivo o aumento em 50% na eficiência de compressão, quando comparado com o padrão H.264/AVC, atual padrão estado da arte na codificação de vídeos. Para atingir este objetivo, várias novas ferramentas de codificação foram desenvolvidas para serem introduzidas no novo padrão HEVC. Embora essas novas ferramentas tenham obtido êxito em aumentar a eficiência de compressão do novo padrão HEVC, elas também colaboraram para o aumento da complexidade computacional no processo de codificação. Analisando somente os avanços na predição intra-quadro, em comparação com o padrão H.264/AVC, é possível perceber que vários novos modos direcionais de codificação foram inseridos no processo de predição. Além disso, existem mais tamanhos de blocos que podem ser considerados pela predição intra-quadro. Nesse contexto, este trabalho propõe o uso de duas abordagens para melhorar o desempenho da predição intra-quadro em codificadores HEVC. Primeiramente, foram desenvolvidos algoritmos rápidos de decisão de modo, baseados em heurísticas, para a predição intra-quadro. Os resultados mostraram que é possível reduzir a complexidade computacional do processo de predição intra-quadro com pequenas perdas na eficiência de compressão (taxa de bits e qualidade visual). No pior caso, a perda foi de 6.9% na taxa de bits e de 0.12dB na qualidade, para uma redução de 35% no tempo de processamento. Em seguida, utilizando um dos algoritmos desenvolvidos, uma arquitetura de hardware para a predição intra-quadro foi desenvolvida. Além da redução de complexidade proporcionada pelo uso do algoritmo desenvolvido, técnicas de desenvolvido de hardware, tais como aumento no nível de paralelismo e uso de pipeline, também foram utilizadas para melhorar o desempenho da arquitetura desenvolvida. Os resultados de síntese da arquitetura para a tecnologia IBM 0,65um mostram que ela é capaz de operar a 500MHz, atingindo uma taxa de processamento suficiente para realizar a predição intra-quadro de mais de 30 quadros por segundo para resoluções como Full HD (1920x1080pixels).This work presents an intra-frame prediction hardware architecture targeting the emerging HEVC video coding standard. The HEVC standard is being developed with the main goal of increase the compression efficiency in 50% when compared to the latest H.264/AVC video coding standard. To achieve such a goal, several new video coding strategies were developed to be used in the HEVC. Although these strategies have increased the compression efficiency of the emerging HEVC standard, it also increased the computational complexity of the encoding process. Looking only to the intra prediction process, several new directional modes are used to perform the prediction. Besides, there are more block sizes that can be supported by the intra prediction process. This work proposes to use two different approaches to improve the HEVC intra prediction performance. First we developed fast intra mode decision algorithms, showing that it is possible to decrease the intra prediction computational complexity with negligible loss in the compression performance (bit-rate and video quality). In the worst case, the bit-rate loss was 6.99% and the PSNR loss was 0.12dB in average allowing reducing the encoding time up to 35%. Then, using the developed fast algorithms as base, this work proposes an intra prediction hardware architecture. The designed architecture was specifically based on one of the developed fast intra mode decision algorithms. Besides, hardware techniques such as increase the parallelism level and pipeline were also used to improve the intra prediction performance. The synthesis results for the IBM 0.65nm have shown that the architecture is able to achieve 500MHz as maximum operation frequency. This way, the architecture throughput is enough to perform the intra prediction process for more than 30 frames per second considering high resolution digital videos, such as Full HD (1920x1080).
5
Weichart, Emily Ruth. "A dynamic conflict-based account of intra-trial decision-making." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu150003429232711.
6
Huang, Gon-shen, and 黃功勝. "Study of H.264 fast intra mode decision." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67322879353761611826.
Abstract:
碩士國立中央大學
通訊工程研究所碩士在職專班
98
H.264 supports many advanced compression techniques that can achieve better coding performance than the previous standards. However, the compression techniques require high computational complexity, increase the encoding time .One important technique is intra mode decision. We present an enhanced AClow intra mode decision for H.264/AVC to reduce the computation complexity while maintaining coding performance. The correct rate of ambi AClow algorithm is increased to 87% when considering ambiguous region. To obtain high coding efficiency, SATD-based intra mode decision is also applied to intra mode decision. The experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can achieve 50% of time saving on average
7
Deng, Yu-Che, and 鄧裕澈. "Laplacian-based Intra Mode Decision for H.264." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74348302439772548014.
Abstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
97
Joint Video Team (JVT) which is composed of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG) draws up the standard. H.264 video compression coding standard for compression of its strong performance has attracted the attention of many people. In the same picture quality, H.264 only need half of bit rate by MPEG2. Compared with all existing video coding standard, H.264 provides some of new coding techniques, such as Multi-picture inter-picture prediction, Variable block-size, Quarter-pixel precision for motion compensation, intra prediction, Context-adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) and Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC).Using a combination of these technologies can improve the compression performance. In the case of intra mode, H.264 provides luma block four modes 16x16, nine 4x4 modes and Chroma block four modes. When calculating the best model, we need to calculate the cost of the various modes. In the selection of a mode most appropriate to go through a long complicated process of calculating the cost, so coding a macroblock takes a considerable amount of computing time. This paper presents a mode decision of the edge detection method. I detected the edge to find the mode that the corresponding edge as the best mode of the block. By modifying the reference software for authentication, this method can shorten the time to choose a mode, but also can reduce the encoding time.
8
Sun, Yu-Ting, and 孫郁婷. "Fast Intra Mode Decision in H.264/AVC." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57728836776986091148.
Abstract:
碩士國立中央大學
通訊工程研究所
95
H.264/AVC is newest video coding standard and aims to enable significantly improved compression performance compared to all existing video coding. In H.264/AVC, the optimal coding mode decision for each coding block can be achieved by exhaustively calculating the rate-distortion cost. This thesis proposed two fast intra mode decision algorithms to decide the best mode in intra coding. One is rate estimation method for further reduction of RD cost calculation and another is feature-based intra mode prediction with SATD and variance. The experimental results show that both of the fast intra mode decisions are able to reduce the encoding time, with a negligible performance degradation.
9
SalimPrayogo and 黃佳雄. "Fast Mode Decision Method for HEVC Intra-Frame Prediction." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2s44ze.
10
Cheng-Hsun, Li. "A Fast Intra-Prediction Mode Decision Method for H.264/AVC." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0407200514081400.
11
Li, Xin-Zhi, and 李信志. "Fast Coding Unit and Mode Decision Algorithm for HEVC Intra Prediction." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dnj5a3.
Abstract:
碩士國立東華大學
電機工程學系
102
High efficiency video coding (HEVC) is the state-of-the-art video coding standard. HEVC is better than the previous video coding standard H.264/AVC on the coding efficiency. Under the similar image quality, HEVC can reduce the amount of data in the bit-stream around 50% compared with H.264/AVC. For Intra coding, HEVC can reduce the amount of data in the bit-stream around 36% on average with respect to H.264/AVC. The expense of these improvements is a significant increase in the computational complexity. To reduce the computational complexity, we propose a fast intra coding algorithm based on spatial correlation for high efficiency video coding. Our algorithm uses the analysis of the correlation between the CU and adjacent CUs to early terminate computation for CU partition. In addition, we analyze the correlation of intra modes on the spatial domain to reduce the search numbers of CU and PU. Experimental results show that our algorithm can save about 27% to 36% of total time in HEVC encoder and maintain great video quality and similar bit-rate compared to HM11.0.
12
Li, Cheng-Hsun, and 李政勳. "A Fast Intra-Prediction Mode Decision Method for H.264/AVC." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08882823791509069021.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
93
In this work, we propose a new fast intra mode decision method of H.264/AVC to reduce the encoder complexity. The proposed method incorporates direction-based feature detection to filter out unlikely candidate modes for 4x4 prediction MB type. The method also avoids evoking the unnecessary mode decision process for 16x16 prediction by a threshold strategy. A new low complexity criterion is also incorporated in the method to reduce the encoder complexity further. Experimental results show the complexity is reduced to 50% on average as compared to the widely used SATD-based decision method with only little rate-distortion degradation. Another variation of this method can even reduce the complexity to about 40% with acceptable rate-distortion degradation.
13
Teng, Tsai-Yuan, and 鄧才源. "Fast Intra Prediction Mode Decision Algorithm for H.264/AVC Standard." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36421199041577697524.
Abstract:
碩士淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士在職專班
94
H.264/AVC video coding standard is the newest and most efficient coding standard currently available. H.264/AVC enables Intra_4×4, Intra_16×16 for luminance (Luminance) blocks and Intra_8×8 for chrominance (Chrominance) blocks intra prediction. H.264/AVC utilizes the relationship between neighboring pixels to reduce data in I frames so as to reach the goal of compression. It increases a lot of computational loading to calculate each possible prediction mode for every intra block. For reducing the computational complexity of intra prediction, we propose a Fast Intra Prediction Mode Decision Algorithm for H.264/AVC standard to save the time for intra prediction. The main idea of the algorithm we proposed is to reach the goal of Intra_4×4 without full calculating of all the 9 possible prediction modes. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only reduce the computing complexity effectively, but also maintain the video quality at the same time.
14
Ting, Hai-Che, and 丁海哲. "Complexity Reduction on HEVC Intra Mode Decision with modified LeNet-5." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sj2245.
Abstract:
碩士國立清華大學
資訊系統與應用研究所
106
HEVC is intended to provide significantly better coding efficiency than H.264/ AVC and its predecessors. One key contributor to this performance gain is the updated version of intra prediction that extended a large number of prediction directions on various sizes of prediction units (PUs), thus at a cost of very high computational complexity. More specifically, it has (at most) 35 intra modes, more PU blocks of size 64 x 64, 32 x 32, 16 x 16, 8 x 8, and 4 x 4 as well. Consequently, the PU mode decision and intra prediction would cost around 60% to 70% encoding time in the all-intra prediction HEVC encoding. Therefore, the goal of this study is intending to lower the computational complexity of HEVC intra prediction plus reduce the total encoding time of HEVC as well. The key step of the proposed method is to intelligently elect an indispensable set of directions with the help of a modified LeNet-5 CNN model, thus reduce the computational complexity of further rate distortion optimization. About the modified LeNet-5 model, we first replace the tanh and sigmoid function with the Rectified Linear units, then we use zero padding to maintain the information of the input PU. Finally, we replace the Rectified Linear units of the 2nd convolutional layer with the maxout units. Besides, the edge strength extractor in [6] to determine the current PU is flat or not is adopted to skip most of the direction modes. And the early terminated CU partition technique in [18] is used to decrease the number of CUs. Finally, the candidates of neighboring PU is considered to be selected also. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method provides a decrease of up to 66.59% in the HEVC intra prediction processing time, with a little increase in the bit-rate (1.1% on average) and a reduction of 0.109% on average in PSNR values at most. Key words: Intra prediction, CNN, edge strength extractor, early terminated CU partition, HEVC
15
de, lin shan, and 林宣德. "FAST INTER/INTRA MODE DECISION IN H.264 BY MOTION VECTION PREDICTION." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16054924108607922311.
16
Chang, Chun-Chia, and 張峻嘉. "A Study of Mode Decision of Intra Frame Prediction for Video Compression." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97814928251110269600.
Abstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電機與控制工程系所
96
As the technique developed, video encoding technique is also to weed through the old to bring forth the new. Especially the newest one we know, H.264/AVC has obviously not only better quality but also lower bitrate. In this thesis, we focus on discussing the intra prediction methodology in H.264/AVC. It adopts two fast prediction algorithm named SAD and SATD. SATD may get better PSNR and save more bitrate. So an enhanced nearly discrete cosine transform that increase middle-high frequency parameters is proposed to predict intra better modes. It can reduce the probability to choice block with larger middle-high frequency parameter for intra prediction. Compare with the same methodology in JM 9.8, it can increase PSNR from 0.01 to 0.04 dB and decrease bitrate from 0.1% to 0.6% if QP is small than 24. The PSNR increase represents the video quality to be good, and bitrate reduction then must transmit or the storage reduction. This propose method contribution lies in the coding bitrate reduction for Intra frame, for small size video, like CIF 352×288, may reduce 10K~60Kbits bitrate, and for big size video, like 1280×720, may reduce 200K~500Kbits bitrate.
17
Chen, Tsung-shien, and 陳宗賢. "Fast intra-prediction mode decision algorithm for H.264 video coding standard." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42413120479995636373.
Abstract:
碩士義守大學
電子工程學系碩士班
94
H.264 is the ITU-T’s newest video coding recommendation, which is also known as MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC). The H.264 standard can achieve much higher coding efficiency than the previous standards such as MPEG-1/2/4 and H.261/H.263. This is mainly due to the fact that the H.264 encoder employs more complicated approaches in the coding procedure. One important approach is the technique of intra-prediction in the spatial domain. The H.264 standard exploits the directional spatial correlation between adjacent macroblocks (MBs) or blocks for intra prediction. In other words, the current MB/block is predicted by adjacent pixels in the upper and the left MBs/blocks that are previously decoded. H.264 employs spatial intra prediction to achieve higher coding efficiency compared with existing video standards. Unfortunately, the performance gains of H.264 come at the cost in considerably increased complexity when RDO is adopted. According to the observation of intra prediction mode of any macroblocks/block and those of its four neighboring blocks from different real video sequences, we find that there are a high mode correlation exists in intramode map of H.264. In this thesis, a fast intra-mode selection algorithm for H.264 that exploits the interblock correlation in the intra-mode domain is proposed to reduce computational complexity. Four modes of neighboring coded macroblocks/blocks are considered as the good candidate modes of the current block and terminated by threshold sets. The threshold sets are classified into three levels which are high R-D performance, medium R-D performance, and low R-D performance respectively. Experimental results show that the high R-D performance can speed up 1.95 times than JM 10.1 RDO with decreasing 0.02 dB in video quality and 11.15 Kbps increment in bitrate. On the other hand, the low R-D performance can speed up 3.10 times than JM 10.1 RDO with decreasing 0.09 dB in video quality and 90.37 Kbps increment in bitrate.
18
Kuang-WeiChen and 陳洸瑋. "A Fast Intra Mode Decision Method Using the Spatial-TemporalCorrelation in HEVC." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77140012594320550289.
Abstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電腦與通信工程研究所
100
High E ciency Video Coding (HEVC) is an ongoing video coding standard. Compared to the H.264 standard, HEVC provides higher compression e ciency under the same visual quality. However, the coding procedure requires a considerable computational complexity in HEVC, especially when the high-resolution video sequence is encoded. Therefore, complexity reduction is an important issue. The prediction of HEVC coding is mainly divided into two parts, Inter prediction and Intra prediction. In this thesis, we propose a fast intra mode decision method to reduce the encoding computational complexity. To reduce the computational omplexity while retaining the visual quality, the proposed fast algorithm takes account of spatial and temporal correlations. In the thesis, three parts are proposed and iscussed. First, for spatial correlation, the best mode of above and left prediction unit (PU) are utilized; second, for temporal correlation, the best mode of previous frame is utilized. Based on the above two parts, we can e ciently decrease the searching range of the current PU. And the third part is to reduce the number of rough mode decision through the statistics from the results of the rst and second parts. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve encoding time savings by about 14% with negligible losses in the rate-distortion performance compared to HEVC test model.
19
Leng, Jia-Wei, and 冷家偉. "An Edge Detection Algorithm for the Fast Decision of H.264 Intra Mode." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4wx4n7.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
100
H.264 is the newest video coding standard. In order to achieve much higher coding efficiency than that of previously published standards, such as MPEG-1/2/4, H.261 and H.263, H.264 codec applies more complicated approaches in the coding procedure, such as integer Discrete Cosine Transformation, intra prediction, quarter-sample-accurate motion estimation, multiple reference frame and variable block-size, in inter prediction mode. Whiling having a better performance, the H.264 comes with the cost of highly increased complexity. Among all the processes, the intra and inter mode decision are the most complex parts in H.264 due to large amount of rate distortion cost have to be calculated for different prediction modes. In H.264, the optimal intra mode is decided based on a highly complex rate-distortion optimization process. For a macroblock, usually a number of 592 or 736 rate-distortion costs have to be calculated before the best prediction mode can be decided. To reduce the complexity, we propose in this paper a simple yet effective edge detection method so that the most probable prediction mode can be found. Moreover, we propose an adaptive algorithm so that a suitable number of prediction modes can be decided for the calculation of rate-distortion optimization inside the macroblock. Experimental results show that a very good trade off between the PSNR, bit-rate and run time performance can be achieved in the proposed approach.
20
Tzou, Jia-shian, and 鄒佳憲. "A scalable fast intra/inter-prediction mode decision algorithm for H.264 encoder." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45261226948572627485.
Abstract:
碩士義守大學
電子工程學系碩士班
95
H.264 is the newest video coding standard and it can achieve much higher coding efficiency than the previous standards. This is mainly due to the fact that the H.264 encoder employs more complicated approaches in the coding procedure. So, H.264 needs to pay considerably high coding complexity so that it is difficult to reach a real-time application. Intra and inter predictions are two new coding technology developed by H.264. However, both intra and inter prediction offer a lot of modes to achieve the purposes of higher compression and lower bitrate. H.264 uses rate-distortion optimization technique to obtain the best result maximizing visual quality and minimizing bitrates. To carry out RDO, the encoder undergoes all possible combinations of coding modes exhaustively. As a result, the complexity and computation load increase drastically. In order to reduce the number of RDO computations, many fast intra/inter mode decision methods have been proposed in [13-15]. However, we find that these algorithms need a pre-processing and results in consuming additional time to analysis prediction mode. In this thesis, we propose a fast intra/inter mode decision algorithm that exploits the interblock correlation to further reduce prediction modes. Four modes of neighboring coded macroblocks/blocks are considered as the good candidate intra/inter modes of the current block and terminated by threshold sets. We verified the proposed algorithm by implementing on JM reference software and comparing with RDO. Simulation results show that our method can reduce 73~80% encoding time in intra prediction and 22~67% encoding time in inter prediction compared to RDO, respectively, with negligible loss of PSNR and bitrate increase.
21
Hwang, Chi-Yuan, and 黃啟原. "Efficient H.264 Intra Mode Decision via Statistical Learning and Image Structure Tensor." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82901679147234457022.
Abstract:
碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
95
In this thesis, we propose two efficient intra mode decision algorithms. One uses the image structure tensor, the local block gradient feature for image content. From the image structure tensor, we can determine the candidate directional modes that are most possible for representing the main edge direction in a block. After we find out the possible directional modes, we can just take these modes as our candidate modes for encoding the current block to improve the intra mode decision computation complexity. The second proposed algorithm is based on learning the mode conditional probability for the encoded intra mode for the current block given its simple gradient features and the encoded modes of its neighboring blocks. Based on this conditional probability, we can determine the most possible intra modes given the condition of the neighboring modes and the image gradient features of the current block. Similarly, we take these modes into our candidate modes for encoding the current block. In addition, we use the idea of intersection of candidate modes for combining these two proposed algorithms. Experimental results show our algorithms can efficiently reduce the computation complexity with negligible quality loss and with less bitrate increase compared to other previous intra mode decision algorithms.
22
Chen, Hong-De, and 陳弘德. "A Fast Skip Mode Selection and Intra Mode Skip Decision Algorithm for H.264/AVC Video Coding." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97802419150248337954.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
電腦與通訊工程所
98
In order to improve compression performance, H.264/AVC video coding standard employs the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) technique to choose the beat prediction mode for each variable-sized block. But it requires a significant increase in the computational complexity. It this paper, we propose a fast mode decision algorithm based on RD cost of reference frames. The proposed algorithm uses an adaptive threshold for early skip mode decision and the information of RD cost of inter mode selection for intra mode skip decision. The main idea is based on the skip mode with high probability and the intra mode with low probability in statistics for video sequence. The experimental results show that the proposed method can reduce substantially the encoding time about 80% for static sequence with negligible performance degradation, compared to JM14.2 reference software.
23
Miao, Chen-Hsien, and 苗宸銜. "Efficient Pre-processing Mode Selection Algorithms and VLSI Designs for H.264/AVC Fast Intra Mode Decision." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32549003867054231358.
Abstract:
碩士國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
98
In a H.264/AVC intra-frame encoder, the high-complexity mode decision requires a large number of computations, spends much time in the encoding process, and calculates all modes to select the best one that achieves the minimum rate-distortion (RD) cost value. The complicated computations for the mode decision cause the difficulty in real-time applications. In this thesis, we propose two regular and independent fast algorithms, which are called Extreme Value Detection (EVD) and Block Matching Algorithm (BMA), to predict the primary direction mode except for the DC mode for fast intra mode decision. Both of the edge detective techniques can predict luma-4x4, luma-16x16, and chroma-8x8 modes directly. The EVD method directly detects all directional modes inside the current block by using extreme value differences. The BMA method uses the relations between the current block and the predictive block to predict edge directions. We can partition the intra prediction procedure into two steps. At the first step, we use the pre-processing mode selection algorithms to find the primary mode which can be selected for fast prediction. At the second step, the selected fewer high-potential candidate modes are applied to calculate the RD cost for the mode decision. The encoding time is largely reduced, and meanwhile the video quality of our methods is almost the same as that of JM model. Simulation results show that the proposed EVD and IEVD methods reduce the encoding time by 63%, and require bit-rate increase about 2.6% and 1.7%, and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) decrease about 0.08 dB and 0.06 dB in QCIF and CIF sequences, respectively. The proposed BMA method reduces the encoding time by 75%, decreases peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) about 0.07 dB in QCIF and CIF sequences, and requires bit-rate increase about 1% in QCIF sequences and 2% in CIF sequences. All of the algorithms are compared with the H.264/AVC JM 14.2 software. Our methods can achieve less PSNR degradation and bit-rate increase than the previous methods with more encoding time reduction.
24
LI, JYUN-MING, and 李峻銘. "A Fast Algorithm for 3D-HEVC Depth-map Intra-mode Decision Based on Gradient." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s82dct.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
電腦與通訊工程系碩士班
105
Three dimensional high efficiency video coding (3D-HEVC), which is extended from high efficiency video coding (H.265/HEVC), uses multi-view video plus depth (MVD) format, so the encoder needs to simultaneously encode multiple texture video and their corresponding associated depth-maps. In the 3D-HEVC depth-map intra-frame prediction coding, some new tools, such as the depth modeling modes (DMM), have been added to encode the depth maps, so that the complexity of the depth-map intra-frame prediction coding has also been greatly increased. Sanchez et al. [1] proposed a fast selection which used a strong gradient-based mode one filter (SGMOF) to reduce the complexity of the depth modeling modes in the depth-map intra-frame prediction. This paper focuses on using the gradient of current prediction unit to reduce the number of depth-map intra-mode candidates of entering the rough mode decision (RMD) process to three candidates which are three to eight candidates in 3D-HEVC standard. Combining the proposed method with Sanchez’s method [1], a hybrid method proposed to save more encoding time. Compared to HTM16.2, the experimental results show that the first proposed method can save about 11.747% of the encoding time on average and maintain the approximated bit rate and quality of reconstruction video. The second proposed hybrid method can save about 22.563% of the encoding time on average and still maintain the approximated bit rate and quality of reconstruction video.
25
Li, Jhe-Wei, and 李哲維. "Fast Intra Mode Decision Based on Edge Information for Depth Map of 3D Video Coding." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5y66s8.
Abstract:
碩士國立東華大學
電機工程學系
102
This thesis presents a fast depth map intra coding method for 3D-HEVC standard to reduce the complexity of coding depth map. This study is to identify the edge information on depth map by the classification which is applied in MPEG-7. We analyze the relationship among edge complexity, the size of coding unit and the intra mode of depth map. With the conditional probabilities, the candidates of CU sizes can be determined by edge information to accelerate the depth map coding. In addition, we incorporate the edge direction with the intra prediction to speed up the depth map coding. With adaptive parameters, computational complexity of the depth map coding can be varied and video quality can be different. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only decreases the complexity of depth map intra coding but also maintains the quality of video.
26
Chen, Chih-Chang, and 陳志昌. "Fast Intra/Inter Mode Decision for H.264/AVC Using the Spatial-Temporal Prediction Scheme." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10490873756153132527.
Abstract:
碩士中華大學
資訊工程學系(所)
96
In the H.264/AVC coding standard, large flexibilities for the motion estimation mode, multiple reference frames, intra prediction modes for I-frame, motion estimation refinements, entropy coding… etc. are provided to obtain the optimum R-D cost. Especially, there are seven motion estimation modes from 44 to 1616 are used to find the minimum motion compensation error for each macroblock. For intra prediction mode, there are four prediction modes are used to encode the 88 chroma and 1616 luma blocks and eight prediction directions and one DC prediction are used to encode the intra 44 luma block. Hence, the high computation cost of the full search method in the reference software JM-14.0 make the encoding process inefficient. Therefore, the methods of applying the SAD (sum of absolute difference), homogeneous region analysis, and edge detection are developed to determine the optimum motion estimation mode. However, the additional computation cost of the image processing will reduce the efficiency of the motion compensation process. In this paper, the spatial-temporal correlations between the current frame and the reference frame are analyzed to develop a fast mode decision method for Inter/Intra frame encoding in which no extra image processes are used. Furthermore, the concept of drift compensation is adopted to avoid the error accumulation phenomenon during the mode decision process. The experimental results show that the total computation cost can be reduced about 70%, the total bit rate just increase less than 3.7 %, and the average PSNR is only dropped about 0.08 dB.
27
Wei-Gen, Wu. "Design and Analysis of H.264 Intra-Prediction and Mode-Decision Architecture Using Rate-Distortion Optimization." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0016-1303200709293200.
28
Wu, Wei-Gen, and 吳煒根. "Design and Analysis of H.264 Intra-Prediction and Mode-Decision Architecture Using Rate-Distortion Optimization." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85601283766231713841.
Abstract:
碩士國立清華大學
電機工程學系
94
H.264/AVC is the latest video compression standard. It concentrates on video compression and robust transmission support over networks. H.264/AVC could achieve about 60% bit-rate saving over MPEG-2, and about 40% bit-rate saving over MPEG-4 at the same video quality. Because of its high compression efficiency, H.264 attracts high interest for many applications such as High Definition DVD, Digital TV, Digital Camcorders, Camera Phone, Internet video streaming, and others. However, H.264’s complicated encoding process cannot guarantee real-time coding implementation. Therefore, how to design a high efficient intra coder operating in real time is one of the most important things in the H.264 intra encoding issue. In this thesis, we propose two designs of H.264 intra frame coding circuit. In these two designs, nine Intra4x4, four Intr16x16 prediction modes for luminance samples and four Intra_chroma prediction modes for chrominance samples are implemented. In the first design for simple applications, we propose a new architecture of intra prediction generator to support most prediction modes except Intra16x16 plane mode and we also propose a simple way to implement Intra16x16 plane mode. The predictor can produce two pixels on average in every cycle. When these two predictors are combined with an arrangement of “fun_unit_buffer” in different modes, all the prediction modes in 4x4MB can be produced in at most five cycles. In this design, we also propose to solve the problem that the neighboring pixels from previous 4x4 MB cannot be reconstructed in time by reordering the prediction mode selections. Fortunately, because the prediction orders in Intra16x16 mode are after the orders in all Intra4x4 modes, we can use two 16x16 MB buffers as MB pipeline between prediction part and CAVLC part to store the 16x16 residual data for better mode and current mode as long as the entropy coding is fast enough. In this way, we can save the clock cycles required by reconstructing the best modes in Intra4x4 or Intra16x16 modes. In the second design for high performance applications, we use the architecture of the first design in this thesis but add the rate distortion optimization part. We calculate the total bits needed by mode information and residual data to get high compression performance. We propose an efficient and fast way to calculate the bits needed by the residual data, which are the critical part in the design. The rate estimation would cause the mode decision path longer. Therefore, we also propose a way to change the 4x4MB prediction order in the 16x16 MB and reorder the mode selections, so that we can solve the long waiting time problem. The prototype design is implemented using Xilinx multimedia board and the design limitation is 100MHz in the worst case, which is higher than the required frequency, 49MHz, in 720x480 size frame.
29
HUANG, YI-NING, and 黃翊甯. "Fast Adaptive Mode Decision and Early Termination of Coding Unit Partition for Intra-prediction in HEVC." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wq28jb.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
電腦與通訊工程系碩士班
106
Being currently prepared as the newest generation video coding standard, the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard is developed by the JCT-VC, a group of video coding experts from ITU-T VCEG and ISO/IEC MPEG. Compared with the previous generation video compression standard H.264/AVC, the encoding efficiency of the HEVC is further by reduction about 50% data rate needed without sacrificing the quality of reconstructed video. However, this has been achieved by considerably increasing the complexity of the encoding algorithm than the H.264/AVC standard. In this paper, an algorithm of early skipping large-size prediction units, fast adaptive mode decision and early termination of coding unit partition for intra-prediction in HEVC is proposed using the relationship between neighboring prediction units to speed up the encoding time. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can reduce by 57.82% of total encoding time on average compared to original mode decision in HEVC reference software HM16.9 with slightly increasing the bit-rate of coding and slightly reducing the quality of reconstructed video.
30
Chien-Hsiung, Wu. "A Study on Fast Intra-Prediction Mode Decision Method based on Block Correlation for H.264/AVC." 2007. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1601200723161300.
31
Liou, Ming-Zong, and 劉明宗. "A Fast and Self-adapted Algorithm for CU Partitioning and Intra-prediction Mode Decision in HEVC Coding." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q3ej23.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
電腦與通訊研究所
102
HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) has been released as the latest video coding standard. In order to achieve much higher compression efficiency than that of previously published standards (H.264/AVC) under the same Peak signal-to-noise ratio, HEVC codec applies more innovative structure and architecture in the coding procedure, such as, a recursive infrastructure constituted by Coding Unit (CU), Prediction Unit (PU) and Transform Unit (TU), the Block Merging Process, Sample Adaptive Offset (SAO), Discrete Sine Transform (DST) and other technologies. While a better performance than that of H.264/AVC can be obtained, the HEVC comes with the cost of highly increased computational complexity and coding times.Among all the processes, the determination of an optimal intra- and inter-prediction mode are the most complex parts in HEVC due to large amount of rate distortion cost should be calculated before an optimal coding block size and prediction mode can be determined. To perform intra-prediction in HEVC, a recursive structure of adjustable CU, PU and TU is applied to break the limitations of a fixed coding block size in H.264/AVC. In addition, the numbers of Intra-prediction modes are highly expanded in HEVC than that in H.264/AVC. To reduce the huge amount of computations that are required for the decision of CU size and PU mode when intra-prediction mode is performed, we propose in this dissertation a fast and self-adapted algorithm so thatan optimal CU size can be determined in an early manner. In addition, thenumber of intra-prediction modes that will be sent for rate-distortion evaluation process is also confined to a smaller subset so that the coding time can be accelerated. Experimental results show that a very good tradeoff between the visual quality in PSNR, bit-rate expense as well ascoding time performance can be achieved with the proposed approach.
32
Wu, Chien-Hsiung, and 吳健雄. "A Study on Fast Intra-Prediction Mode Decision Method based on Block Correlation for H.264/AVC." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77124914299085805483.
Abstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
電機工程學研究所
95
In this thesis, we propose a new fast mode decision method for intra-only H.264/AVC video coding. To speed up determining the optimal prediction mode for an intra-coded target block, we exploit the correlation between the target block and a set of adjacent blocks to reduce the computational complexity of the encoding process. The set of adjacent blocks consists of several spatial neighboring blocks in the same frame and one block in a previous frame positioned at the same spatial location as the target block. The method also utilizes a refreshing strategy not relying on correlation to enhance the video quality with little increase in computational complexity. Compared to the SATD-based (sum of absolute transformed differences) full mode decision algorithm used in the encoding model of H.264 (JM9.3), the proposed algorithm can reduce the computational complexity of intra coding by 40% on average with acceptable loss of rate-distortion performance.
33
Hong-YiSyue and 薛宏毅. "Fast Mode Decision for H.264 Intra Prediction by Using Block Size and Direction Tracing with Coarse Prediction." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15993450943092299453.
Abstract:
碩士國立成功大學
電機工程學系碩博士班
100
H.264/AVC can achieve about 60% bit rate saving compared to MPEG-2, and about 40% bit rate saving over MPEG-4 with the same video quality. In recent years, H.264/AVC is widely used for multimedia communications and consumer electronics such as Digital TV, High Definition DVD, Camera Phone, and others. To achieve high coding efficiency, H.264/AVC uses Lagrangian rate distortion optimization (RDO) technique to decide the coding mode. In order to choose the best coding mode for intra prediction, the encoder has to calculate the RDO of every possible mode and choose the mode having the minimum value. This process is repeatedly carried out for every possible mode in a macroblock. For each macro block, there are nine prediction modes in 4×4 luma block , and four modes 16×16 luma block. If the encode obtains both good quality and high efficiency, it requires large amounts of RDO calculations. To address this issue, we propose block size decision, direction tracing with coarse prediction, and early termination. We verify the proposed algorithm through the reference software Joint Model and implement the RTL code by Verilog hardware description language. We synthesize the digital circuit by using Design Compiler of Synopsys with the TSMC 0.18μm CMOS μm technology. Finally, the proposed intra prediction algorithm can reduce 75% computational time and the low complexity hardware can work up to 250MHz.
34
LI, YEH-HAO, and 李曄豪. "A Fast Mode Decision and Texture-based Early Termination of Coding Unit Partition for Intra-prediction in HEVC." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gytx7f.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄科技大學
電腦與通訊工程系
107
Compared to its predecessor, H.264/AVC, the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard provides the improved compression performance using the high-flexible coding-unit partitioning represented as a quad-tree. However, in order to obtain the optimal coding tree unit (CTU), it is necessary to traverse each coding unit of all sizes in the quad-tree. Compared to 9 intra-prediction modes in H.264/AVC, HEVC has increased to 35 intra-prediction modes resulting in improving intra-frame coding performance with the penalty of higher computational complexity of encoding. This paper proposes an algorithm of improving intra-prediction mode decision using a two-stage rough mode decision (RMD) and early terminating coding-unit partition based on the texture in the coding units. The experimental results show that compared with the HEVC reference software HM16.20, the proposed method can save an average of 32.24% of encoding time with only 2.476% Bjontegaard delta bit-rate (BD-BR) increasing and 0.303dB Bjontegaard delta peak-signal-to-noise ratio (BD-PSNR) loss of reconstructed video.
35
LI, JUNG-CHIA, and 李榮家. "A Fast Mode Decision and Homogeneity-based Early Termination of Coding Unit Partition Algorithm for HEVC Intra Prediction." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/xp8uk9.
Abstract:
碩士國立高雄科技大學
電腦與通訊工程系
107
As the latest video compression standard, the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) has the coding and decoding architecture similar to H.264/AVC. Compared with H.264/AVC, HEVC can improve the compression efficiency in saving 50% bit rate with the similar quality of reconstructed video but pay the penalty of higher computational complexity and more encoding time. This paper proposes a fast mode decision and early termination of coding-unit partitioning algorithm for the intra-frame prediction in HEVC. It is to determine whether the coding unit is a uniform block based on the sum of maximal absolute difference in the coding unit compared with a pre-defined threshold to terminate the uniform coding unit partition in advance. To reduce the encoding time more, a two-phase rough intra-prediction mode decision (RMD) algorithm is utilized to select three intra-prediction modes into the candidate list. Finally, there are 3 to 6 candidate modes will be conducted by the high-precision rate-distortion optimization (RDO) calculation and the mode with the least rate-distortion cost as the optimal intra-prediction mode will be selected. The experimental results show that compared with the HEVC reference software HM16.20, the proposed method can save an average of 47.799% of encoding time with only 2.186% Bjontegaard delta bit-rate (BD-BR) increasing and 0.116dB Bjontegaard delta peak-signal-to-noise ratio (BD-PSNR) degradation of reconstructed video.
36
Huang-Chih, Kuo. "Efficient VLSI Architectures for Inter and Intra Mode Decision in High Resolution H.264/MPEG-4 Part10 AVC Encoding." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0016-1303200709283894.
37
Kuo, Huang-Chih, and 郭皇志. "Efficient VLSI Architectures for Inter and Intra Mode Decision in High Resolution H.264/MPEG-4 Part10 AVC Encoding." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79324779822164736246.
Abstract:
碩士國立清華大學
資訊工程學系
94
We propose two efficient hardware architectures for inter and intra mode decision, respectively, in high resolution H.264/AVC encoding. Our approach delivers almost the same video quality as the H.264/AVC reference software does. Our inter mode decision architecture employs a novel resource sharing scheme to support multiple reference frames. Synthesized using a TSMC .13μm CMOS cell library, our inter mode decision unit and intra mode decision unit take 28k and 25k gates, respectively, for 100 MHz performance. Both units can encode 720p HD (1280x720) video at 30 frames per second when running at a 25-MHz FPGA platform. We have integrated the proposed mode decision units into an H.264/AVC main profile encoder system using a multimedia SOC platform.
38
Wu, Ming-Feng, and 吳明鋒. "Modification and Implementation of an Edge-Based Fast Intra Prediction Mode Decision Algorithm for H.264/AVC High Resolution Real-time Systems." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72087099617532834749.
Abstract:
碩士國立交通大學
電機學院通訊與網路科技產業專班
96
In this thesis, we propose architecture of H.264/AVC fast intra prediction mode decision in high resolution real-time applications. Because the intra prediction mode decision occupied lots computations of the H.264/AVC video coding, besides it needs the extra time for modes generating of the intra prediction mode decision (about 20%), and the processed data is high dependence also, hence, it is a bottleneck of the high resolution real-time applications. In the intra prediction mode decision operations, we use an algorithm which based on the edge information of the object. It can reduce about 66% estimations of mode predictions with negligible loss of video quality and a little increasing of data rate. According to this algorithm, we propose a low cost architecture and the gate counts can be reduced about 50% to compare with the former design. The total gate counts are 86,671 only and the maximum operating frequency is 250 MHz. It is a favorable contribution to all the current high resolution real-time video processing while without spending a lot of hardware.
39
Tsai, Chi-Chun, and 蔡琦鈞. "The Study of Designing a Decision Support System of the Division Intra-Clothing-Industry model in Multinational Corporation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74152644137575119010.