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Journal articles on the topic 'Intra-industry trade'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 August 2024

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1

Özgür Kayalica, M., and Gülgün Kayakutlu. "Intra-industry trade with pollution concerned cooperation." Environmental Economics 7, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.07(1).2016.01.

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The authors develop a two-country, two-firm intra-industry trade model. Each firm is operating at its home country and producing homogeneous goods to be consumed in both countries. Governments apply quantity restriction on pollution. Every individual country is affected from the pollution generated during the production process of its own firm. The model shows that efficiency in pollution abatement technology plays a crucial role on welfare maximizing effort of governments. A critical level of pollution abatement technology determines the preponderance of environmental misgivings in welfare maximizing behavior. The more efficient the firms in pollution abatement technology, the less stricter the governments will be in their policies to reduce negative environmental externalities

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2

Fung, K. C. "Collusive Intra-Industry Trade." Canadian Journal of Economics 24, no. 2 (May 1991): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135629.

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3

Van Biesebroeck, Johannes. "Dissecting intra-industry trade." Economics Letters 110, no. 2 (February 2011): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.10.004.

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4

Bergstrand, Jeffrey H., and Peter Egger. "Trade Costs and Intra-Industry Trade." Review of World Economics 142, no. 3 (October 2006): 433–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-006-0075-7.

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5

Michaely, Michael, and David Wajnryt. "Intra-Industry, Intra-Product, and Inter-Product Trade." Global Economy Journal 17, no. 3 (June 2, 2017): 20170024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2017-0024.

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The study starts with clarifying the distinction between intra-product and inter-product trade as origins of intra-industry trade. The empirical analysis shows that over the last half century intra-industry trade has strongly intensified, though this trend became less pronounced during the last two decades. Intra-industry trade characterizes the trade flows of Europe distinctly more than of any other major geographical region. It is clearly related to a country’s level of per-capita income; to its size, as measured by aggregate income; to the share of the manufacturing sector in the country’s trade; and, most strongly, to the level of commodity diversification of a country’s trade.

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6

Hellvin, Lisbeth. "Intra-Industry Trade in Asia." International Economic Journal 8, no. 4 (December 1994): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739400000043.

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7

Hellvin, Lisbeth. "INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN ASIA." International Economic Journal 8, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739400080027.

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8

Leitão, Nuno Carlos. "United States’ Intra-Industry Trade." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 24, no. 2 (January 2011): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2011.11517456.

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9

Yu, Zhihao. "Entrepreneurship and intra-industry trade." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 138, no. 2 (June 2002): 277–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707745.

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10

Thom, Rodney, and Moore McDowell. "Measuring marginal intra-industry trade." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 135, no. 1 (March 1999): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02708158.

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11

Khalifah, Noor Aini. "AFTA and Intra-Industry Trade." Asean Economic Bulletin 12, no. 3 (March 1996): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/ae12-3d.

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12

Ratnayake, Ravindra, and Sisira Jayasuriya. "Intra-industry trade and protection." Economics Letters 36, no. 1 (May 1991): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(91)90058-s.

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13

Zaninović, Vinko. "The intra-industry trade dynamics in CEE countries: The role of trade agreements." Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci: časopis za ekonomsku teoriju i praksu/Proceedings of Rijeka Faculty of Economics: Journal of Economics and Business 40, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18045/zbefri.2022.1.129.

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This paper investigates the impact of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on the development of intra-industry trade (IIT) for eight Central and Eastern Europe countries (CEE) from 1997 to 2019. The aim of the paper is to compare and explain the possible heterogeneous impact of different RTAs on IIT across countries while controlling for differences in development levels between economic integration member states. Our analysis is based on country-product level data obtained from UN Comtrade. The main hypothesis of the paper is that the CEFTA and EU integration agreements have a highly positive effect on IIT in comparison with other RTAs. However, the scope of the impact varies across countries, primarily depending on the economic development asymmetries that are in this paper proxied by the GDP per capita. We developed and estimated an augmented structural gravity model using Pseudo-Poisson Maximum Likelihood Estimator. The main contribution of our paper is the inclusion of the FTA-economic development gap interaction term, which enabled us to enrich the empirical findings of the research. Our results show that the main hypothesis holds, but also that an increase in economic asymmetries between integration members negatively affects IIT, thus indicating potentially increasing trade adjustment costs for new member states of an integration. These results go in favor of EU pre-integration and post-integration policies that have the goal of diminishing the economic development gap between future and present integration members.

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14

Muryani, Muryani, and Anisa Dyan Pratiwi. "Intra-Industry Trading Factors and Patterns in ASEAN-5 Region." Jurnal Global Strategis 12, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.12.2.2018.41-52.

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The large expansion of trade in the form of Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) in ASEAN is driving large volumes and variety of traded goods and is changing patterns of trade across members. This paper examines the factors affecting the level of IIT for ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) in the period of 2004-2014. IIT is measured with Grubel-Lloyd index covering ten different one-digit SITC categories. The result indicates a large Intra-Industry Trade among ASEAN countries and across most manufacturing sectors. IIT Index is employed as a dependent variable, and four variables are used as independent variables: 1) different GDP per capita, 2) foreign direct investment (FDI), 3) trade openness, and 4) distance. Different GDP per capita and trade openness have a positive effect on IIT. FDI does not affect IIT, and distance has a negative effect on IIT across intra-ASEAN trade. Keywords: International Trade, Intra-Industry Trade, Grubel-Lloyd, Panel Data Analysis

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15

Globerman, Steven. "North American trade liberalization and intra-industry trade." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 128, no. 3 (September 1992): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707363.

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16

Ishchukova, Natalia, and Luboš Smutka. "The Formation of Russian Agrarian Trade Structure: Inter-industry vs. Intra-industry Trade Activities." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 6 (2014): 1293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462061293.

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The paper is focused on specialization of Russia’s foreign trade in agrarian products and foodstuffs in terms of inter-industry and intra-industry trade. The main objective of this study is to analyse the extent of intra-industry trade in Russia’s foreign trade in agricultural products and to identify significant changes in trade patterns at the industry level over the transformation period (1996–2012).The results coming from individual conducted analyses provide a systematic decomposition of Russia’s foreign trade into three trade types: inter-industry, intra-industry in horizontally and vertically differentiated products. Inter-industry type of trade dominates in Russian foreign trade in agricultural and food products and accounts for about a third of total trade flows. The analysis revealed significant differences in the intensity of intra-industry trade, depending on geographic region. The lowest level of intra-industry trade is observed in relation to Africa and South America, the highest - in relation to CIS countries. There were also found some trends, including the expanding intra-industry trade in relation to the CIS countries, as well as a decrease in relation to Asian and EU countries.

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17

Wang, Feng-ting, Si-tong Liu, Bao-dong Cheng, Qin-er Jiang, Yuan Tian, and Li-chun Xiong. "How Can Intra-Industry Trade of Forest Products be Promoted? An Empirical Analysis from China." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100882.

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Understanding the evolution of the intra-industry trade of forest products between China and its main partner countries is a prerequisite for improving the flow of trade. The intra-industry trade status and the main influencing factors of Chinese forest products trade were measured and identified via use of bilateral forest product trade data between China and its 24 partners from 2000 to 2014, and use of static, marginal, and structural intra-industry trade indices. The results show that, firstly, intra-industry trade of the major Chinese forest products is exhibiting a low-level growth trend and has considerable growth potential. The top five countries with relatively high intra-industry trade levels are Italy, Germany, the United States, Vietnam, and Japan, and the bottom five are New Zealand, Chile, Brazil, Russia, and Spain. Secondly, the intra-industry trade among China and 13 countries, represented by South Korea, is low quality and vertical-type trade; the intra-industry trade among China and seven countries, represented by Thailand, is high quality and a vertical type of trade. Finally, the empirical analysis shows that trade openness and geographical distance are the key factors of intra-industry trade of forest products. The per capita gross domestic product gap, urbanization, foreign direct investment, forest area, and import and export value of forest products also have certain impacts on intra-industry trade.

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18

PIERI, R., D. RAMA, and L. VENTURINI. "Intra-industry trade in the European dairy industry." European Review of Agricultural Economics 24, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1997): 411–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/24.3-4.411.

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19

Somma, Ernesto. "Intra-industry trade in the European computers industry." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 130, no. 4 (December 1994): 784–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707537.

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20

Kraciuk, Jakub. "INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN AGRI-FOOD PRODUCTS BETWEEN POLAND AND EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXV, no. 4 (November 6, 2023): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9669.

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The aim of this article is to elucidate intra-industry trade in agri-food products between Poland and other EU countries. This approach focuses on the analysis of Poland’s intra-industry trade with the integrative group and selected EU countries, distinguishing between horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade. It also identifies the countries with which Poland exports higher-quality product groups than it imports, and those to which it exports lower-quality agri-food products compared to the ones it imports. The Grubel-Lloyd index (IIT – intra-industry trade) is applied to calculate intra-industry trade. To differentiate between vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade, unit values are utilized, assuming that relative prices reflect relative characteristics, where horizontally differentiated products are homogeneous (perfect substitutes) and possess the same quality, while vertically differentiated products have varying prices reflecting different qualities. A division was also made into high vertical intra-industry trade, characterized by higher-quality exported products, and low vertical intra-industry trade, characterized by higher-quality imported products. The research findings indicate that Poland’s trade in agri-food products with EU countries predominantly exhibits characteristics of vertical intra-industry trade, with the quality of exported products generally surpassing that of imported ones.

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21

Bano, Sayeeda. "Intra-Industry Trade and Determinant: Evidence for ASEAN-Australia and New Zealand in the Context of AANZFTA." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 8, no. 4 (October 11, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v8i4.13778.

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This study examines the changing patterns and direction of trade between Association of South- East Asian Nations (ASEAN), Australia and New Zealand in the context of the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area/Agreement (AANZFTA) signed in 2010. It investigates the extent of ASEAN’s intra-industry trade with Australia and New Zealand at the 3-digit disaggregated SITC level for the period 1990 to 2014. The study includes an analysis of intra-industry trade indices of trade intensities, the marginal intra-industry trade and the econometric model to identify the determinants of intra-industry trade. The results show that trade in general has increased and intra-industry trade between ASEAN-Australia increased specifically in manufacturing. New Zealand has developed intra-industry trade in both the manufacturing and agriculture sectors. Marginal intra- industry results suggest that some industries transforming from inter-industry trade patterns to intra-industry trade. The results of regression analysis provide some support to the thesis that increase in IIT comes naturally with high average incomes of trade partners and large average market size. As a country’s level of income goes up and its standard of living rise, its citizens tend demand and consume more high quality differentiated products, leading to higher levels of intra-industry trade. This study differs from the existing literature in terms of its scope, methods and policy perspectives. The findings have policy relevance for the ongoing negotiations for a regional comprehensive economic partnership with ASEAN 10, India, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. It is reasonable to suggest that intra-industry trade be given due consideration in ongoing regional and bilateral trade negotiations for potential mutual gains from trade for a sustainable regional economic growth.

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22

Black, John, David Greenaway, and Chris Milner. "The Economics of Intra-Industry Trade." Economic Journal 98, no. 391 (June 1988): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233400.

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23

Mehra, Meeta Keswani, and Deepti Kohli. "Environmental regulation and intra-industry trade." International Economic Journal 32, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168737.2018.1461914.

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24

KIM, TAEGI. "INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE: THE KOREAN EXPERIENCE." International Economic Journal 6, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739200080014.

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25

RATNAYAKE, RAVINDRA, and PREMACHANDRA ATHUKORALA. "INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE: THE AUSTRALIAN EXPERIENCE." International Economic Journal 6, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168739200080026.

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26

Dasgupta, Sudipto, Tridip Ray, and Kit Pong Wong. "Uncertainty, arbitrage and intra-industry trade." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d`Economique 35, no. 4 (November 2002): 757–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-5982.00153.

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27

ITO, TADASHI, and TOSHIHIRO OKUBO. "PRODUCT QUALITY AND INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE." Singapore Economic Review 61, no. 04 (September 2016): 1550106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590815501064.

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In this study, we argue that the conventional intra-industry trade (IIT) index does not directly address the quality issue and propose a methodology to make full use of unit price gap information to deduce quality differences between simultaneously exported and imported products. By applying this measure to German trade data at the eight-digit level, we study the quality change of Chinese export goods in its IIT with Germany. We compare the case of China with those of Eastern European countries, which are also major trading partners of Germany. Our results show that the unit value difference in IIT between Germany and Eastern European countries is clearly narrowing. However, China’s export prices to Germany are much lower than Germany’s export prices to China, and this gap has not narrowed over the last 23 years. This is at odds with the common perception that China’s product quality has improved, as documented by Rodrik [Rodrik, D (2006). Whats so special about China’s exports? China and World Economy, 14(5), 1–19.] and Schott [Schott, P (2008). The Relative sophistication of Chinese exports. Economic Policy, 53, 5–49.]. Our results support Xu [Xu, B (2010). The sophistication of exports: Is China special? China Economic Review, 21(3), 482–493.], which argued that incorporating the quality aspect of the exported goods weakens or even eliminates the evidence of the sophistication of Chinese export goods in Rodrik [Rodrik, D (2006). Whats so special about China’s exports? China and World Economy, 14(5), 1–19.].

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28

Lloyd, Peter J., and Jan Otto Andersson. "Nordic Studies on Intra-Industry Trade." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 91, no. 1 (March 1989): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3440174.

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29

Wang, Jin, and Ying Nie. "Chinese Rosin Intra-Industry Trade Research." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 6034–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5524.

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30

Cukrowski, Jacek, and Ernest Aksen. "Perfect competition and intra-industry trade." Economics Letters 78, no. 1 (January 2003): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(02)00170-2.

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31

Straume, Odd Rune. "Union collusion and intra-industry trade." International Journal of Industrial Organization 20, no. 5 (May 2002): 631–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(01)00091-1.

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32

Egger, Hartmut, Peter Egger, and David Greenaway. "Intra-industry trade with multinational firms." European Economic Review 51, no. 8 (November 2007): 1959–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2007.01.004.

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33

Moshirian, Fariborz, Donghui Li, and Ah-Boon Sim. "Intra-industry trade in financial services." Journal of International Money and Finance 24, no. 7 (November 2005): 1090–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2005.08.006.

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34

de Boyrie, Maria E., and Mordechai Kreinin. "Intra-Industry Trade Revisited: A Note." Open Economies Review 23, no. 4 (August 26, 2011): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11079-011-9212-6.

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35

Hu, Xiaoling, and Yue Ma. "International intra-industry trade of China." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 135, no. 1 (March 1999): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02708160.

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36

Gray, H. Peter. "Intra-industry trade: An “Untidy” phenomenon." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 124, no. 2 (June 1988): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02706775.

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37

Fidrmuc, Jarko, Daniela Grozea-Helmenstein, and Andreas Wörgötter. "East-west intra-industry trade dynamics." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 135, no. 2 (June 1999): 332–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707259.

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38

Havrylyshyn, Oli, and Engin Civan. "Intra-industry trade among developing countries." Journal of Development Economics 18, no. 2-3 (August 1985): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(85)90057-4.

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39

Clark, Don P. "Scale economies and intra-industry trade." Economics Letters 108, no. 2 (August 2010): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2010.04.039.

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40

DORU, Ömer, and Örsan ÖZER. "An Econometric Analysis on Factors Affecting Intra-Industry Trade in Turkish Automotive Industry." Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi (AKAD) 14, no. 27 (November 29, 2022): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.1160045.

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Purpose: It is to empirically examine the factors affecting intra-industry trade in the automotive sector between Turkey and 24 OECD member trade partners. Design/Methodology: The determinants of intra-industry trade were tested with panel data analysis in the automotive sector. As a result of the test carried out to determine the model, regression analysis was performed with the Driscoll-Kraay standard error estimation method. Findings: The variables market size, development level, and trade openness have a positive impact on intra-industrial trade, while the variables market size difference, income inequality, and geographical distance have a reverse impact on intra-industry trade. Limitations: Export and import data for 2003–2019 are used in international trade figures in the 3-digit Standard International Trade Classification, SITC Revision-3. Originality/Value: Empirical application on the factors affecting intra-industry trade in the Turkish automotive sector is considered to be important and different in terms of subject.

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41

Zhang, Jing, and Li Pan. "Analysis on Auto Intra-Industry Trade between China and the USA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 685 (October 2014): 702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.685.702.

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This paper conducts an empirical analysis on Sino-US intra-industry trade of auto industry by using the G-L index and classification index and finds that the level of Sino-US intra-industry trade of auto industry is relatively low. In addition, the quality of China’s auto is far more behind that of the USA in terms of intra-industry trade. Finally, this paper proposes some suggestions to further promote the development of Sino-US intra-industry trade of auto industry.

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42

ERLAT, GÜZIN, and HALUK ERLAT. "Measuring Intra-Industry and Marginal Intra-Industry Trade: The Case for Turkey." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 39, no. 6 (November 2003): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2003.11052554.

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43

ERLAT, GÜZIN, and HALUK ERLAT. "Measuring Intra-Industry and Marginal Intra-Industry Trade : The Case for Turkey." Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 39, no. 6 (November 2003): 5–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2003.11052555.

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44

Kang, Yoo-Duk. "Does East Asian Integration Keep Up with the European Pattern? Empirical Evidence from Intra-Industry Trade in Europe and East Asia." Asian Development Review 28, no. 02 (December 2011): 133–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110511500132.

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This paper examines development of inter/intra-industry trade in Europe and East Asia. In order to quantify the level of intra-industry trade (IIT), a biascorrected Grubel and Lloyd index is used. The finding is that IIT is more evident in intra-European trade than in intra-East Asian trade, while dynamics toward IIT have been increasingly more important in trade between East Asian economies. Vertical intra-industry trade and horizontal intra-industry trade are compared, and their share in intraregional trade in both regions is measured. The paper finds that IIT in East Asia is characterized by vertical intra-industry trade. In order to identify determinants of IIT in Europe and East Asia, a regression analysis is used, which finds that conventional determinants of IIT explain a large part of IIT in Europe, while they do not for East Asian countries. In East Asia, IIT takes place between developed countries in the region.

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45

Andi Tenri Darhyati and Tanti Novianti. "Perdagangan Intra Industri Kakao Indonesia dengan Negara Mitra." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/bilp.2023.793.

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Intra-industry trade (IIT) is trade in the same product between one country and another. Cocoa is an Indonesian agricultural commodity that tends to carry out intra-industry trade. This research aims to analyze intra-industry trade relations between Indonesian Cocoa and trading partner countries and the factors that influence intra-industry trade in Indonesian Cocoa. This research uses panel data from a period from 2016-2021. The best model chosen was the Random Effect Model (REM). The analysis method used is the Intra Industry Trade Index and Gravity Model. The results of the analysis show that the country that has strong integration in intra-industry trade in cocoa is Indonesia and Malaysia. IIT in Indonesian cocoa with partner countries is still predominantly weakly integrated. The factors that influence intra-Indonesian cocoa industry trade are the average of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita between countries, differences in GDP between countries, differences in GDP per capita between countries, and foreign direct investment (FDI). The government needs to maintain IIT with Malaysia, which has strong integration and has the potential to increase FDI. Meanwhile, increasing intra-industry trade can be done by considering increased exports and transfer of technology and knowledge.

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46

Szczepaniak, Iwona. "Development of Intra-industry Trade as a Measure of Competitiveness of the Polish Food Sector." Oeconomia Copernicana 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2013.018.

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This article aims at analysing the significance of the intra-industry trade in the Polish foreign trade in agri-food products and assessment of the competitiveness of the Polish food sector on this basis. The analysis uses, first of all, the index introduced by Grubel and Lloyd (hereinafter referred to as GL index), which is a commonly used indicator of intra-industry trade intensity and one of the measures of international competitiveness. The analysis showed that in the period of Poland’s membership in the European Union the foreign trade in agri-food products noted a significant boost and the competitive position of Polish food producers improved on the international scale. At the same time, the intensity level of intra-industry trade in these products increased considerably. In 2001-2011, the importance of intra-industry trade in the Polish agri-food trade increased by over 14 percentage points. Consequently, in 2011 almost 50% of the trade in agri-food products was intra-industry trade. A predominant part of this exchange was horizontal intra-industry trade, including trade in goods differentiated in respect to a given industry that were relatively highly processed and showed a high level of substitutability between each other. The intra-industry trade in differentiated products of lower level of processing was less intensive. These products included agricultural raw materials and homogeneous products. Moreover, as regards the food sector a quite significant part was played by vertical intra-industry trade, including re-export, i.e. export of finished goods manufactured form raw materials imported from other climate zones. The growing intensity level of intra-industry trade in agri-food products is one of the markers of high competitiveness of the Polish food producers.

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47

Kind, Kennita, and Jan M. Hathcote. "Fabric Trade: An Industry in Crisis." Global Economy Journal 4, no. 2 (December 17, 2004): 1850018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1023.

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This article presents the empirical results of an intra-industry trade analysis of the United States fabric industry. The analysis included 92 countries in four Standard Industrialized Trade Classification (SITC) categories that represent the fabric industry. Results indicated that intra-industry trade levels were generally low, and country specific factors such as levels of economic development, levels of market size and trade deficit were negatively associated with intra-industry trade levels, while distance and trade barriers were somewhat positively associated. These results have strong implications for trade analysts, policy makers and fabric manufacturers as this industry is currently undergoing changes.

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48

Hazledine, Time, Donald C. MacCharles, A. E. Safarian, and Gilles Y. Bertin. "Trade among Multinationals: Intra-Industry Trade and National Competitiveness." Canadian Journal of Economics 22, no. 2 (May 1989): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135685.

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49

Wilkinson, Bruce W., and Donald C. MacCharles. "Trade among Multinationals: Intra-Industry Trade and National Competitiveness." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 14, no. 2 (June 1988): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3550593.

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50

Fung, K. C. "Strategic Trade Policies, Differentiated Duopoly and Intra-Industry Trade." International Economic Journal 2, no. 3 (September 1988): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10168738800000019.

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