To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Intra-industry trade.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intra-industry trade'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Intra-industry trade.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Chen, Tina Yiping. "Trade liberalisation, intra-industry trade and adjustment costs." Phd thesis, 1999, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144503.
Full text
2
Eliasson, Johanna. "Intra-industry trade between Sweden and Russia." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-11636.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the thesis is to determine whether Russia has changed its intra-industry trade pattern with Sweden between the years of 1997 and 2003. To be able to see any changes five products, vehicles, grain, forest, optical instruments and jewellery has been chosen. With the Grubel-Lloyd index the products will be analysed and the index will also measure the extent of the intra-industry trade between Sweden and Russia
Theories predict that countries with similar factor endowments and income tend to have a two-way trade which would indicate that Russia is starting to catch up to the industrialised countries, in this thesis that would be Sweden. The theory of income effects predicts that when consumers are getting a larger budget they will start to move away from the most necessary goods and towards more luxury good consumption.
3
Laha, Sidhartha Sankar. "A Study of India`s intra-industry trade." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/554.
Full text
4
Sichei, Moses Muse. "South Africa-US intra-industry trade in services." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09262005-124632.
Full text
5
Harjono, Ay San. "Intra-industry in Australia's trade : patterns and determinants /." [St, Lucia. Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17793.pdf.
Full text
6
Sağlam, Aziz İbrahim. "Three essays on international trade strategic trade policies, intra-industry trade, and income convergence /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4602.
Full text
7
Yuan, Ling. "Intra-industry trade between Sweden and middle income countries." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-98301.
Full text
8
Hansson, Pär. "Intra-industry trade: measurements, determinants and growth : a study of Swedish foreign trade." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 1989. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100372.
Full text
9
Giri, Jeeten Krishna. "REGIONAL WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, INTRA-NATIONAL TRADE, AND INDUSTRY-LEVEL INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IN INDIA." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1590.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation addresses specific issues on domestic and foreign trade in India. The three chapters of the dissertation are summarized as follows. In the first chapter, we analyze the existence of regional wage differences across Indian states, and how domestic trade affects those premiums. We follow a two-step estimation process used in the literature on Labor Economics. Our empirical results show that higher level of domestic imports tends to reduce the state premiums, and higher domestic exports increase those premiums, which is consistent with a specific factor Ricardo-Viner model. Thus, promoting domestic trade by with states specializing in certain industries may lead to higher welfare within the country. In addition, we find, state premiums depend negatively on state-level amenities measured by per-capita power availability, and does not depend on the richness of the State measured by per-capita Net State Domestic Product. In the second chapter, we look at the pattern and determinants of inter-state manufacturing trade in India. In the paper, we use information on 12 manufacturing industries categorized under 5 sectors from 2005 to 2013 with two-year intervals in between. We find that a 1\% decrease in income ratio between importing state net state domestic product and exporting state net domestic product has significantly varying effects on trade flows across the different sectors. For coal and minerals, the effect is 36.8%, for chemical it is 105%, for metals it is 31.5% and for cement, it is 36.8%. In all these case a decrease in income ratio increases exports. For machinery, a 1% decrease in income ratio lead to approximately 9.3% reduction in trade. This suggests that machineries which are capital goods are more imported by richer states, whereas the other goods which can be classified as intermediate inputs are more imported by poorer states. We also find that infrastructure promotes trade and on average infrastructure reduces the effect of contiguity by around 28.6% and promotes trade even between non-contiguous states. Therefore, infrastructure in the form of roadways, highways, and railways must be built and maintained to promote facilitate trade in India. In chapter three, we compare the effects of tariffs and non-tariff barriers on Indian exports. We use Indian HS-96 four-digit industry level export data from COMTRADE and tariff data from TRAINS database for the study. The overall result suggests that input tariffs have the largest effect on exports, followed by final tariff and foreign tariffs. A 1% reduction in input tariff leads to around 8.6% increase in exports. A similar reduction in final tariffs and foreign tariffs lead to 3.6% and 2.8% increase, respectively in exports. Thus, we conclude that the supply side effect of exports dominates the demand side effects. From a policy perspective, if countries try to improve trade balance by imposing high tariffs, it may lead to a negative effect on exports through the input tariff effects.
10
Lisiecki, Georg. "Constraints on intra-industry trade between market and planned economies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670297.
Full text
11
Senoglu, Demet. "Measuring Vertical And Horizontal Intra-industry Trade For Turkish Manufacturing Industry Over Time." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1219088/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
In traditional trade theories, foreign trade plays the role of filling the gap of products not produced within the country. However, in the early 1960s increasing exchange of similar products, intra-industry trade, in the world trade have been observed by trade theorists. After the realization of the fact that intra-industry trade has become a very important part of world trade, more comprehensive studies on intra-industry trade have been conducted. At the end of the 1970s, trade theorists started to analyze intra-industry trade between developed countries (horizontal intra-industry trade) and intra-industry trade between developed and developing countries (vertical intra-industry trade) separately, because their characteristics were different. Horizontal intra-industry models were characterized by attribute variation between products while vertical intra-industry models were characterized by quality variation.
This study investigates the issue of measurement of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade for Turkish manufacturing industry. We address the questions of whether the intra-industry trade in Turkish manufacturing sector is more of the horizontal or the vertical type and whether the vertical industries dominates horizontal industries in number at the 3- digit industry level.
Empirical analyses shows that the majority of intra-industry trade in Turkish manufacturing sector is of the vertical natureTurkish manufacturing sector exports lower quality varieties in exchange for higher quality varieties. Also, our empirical analyses indicate that a large percent of 3- digit industries considered as primarily involved in intra-industry trade are vertical industries.
12
Pak, Che-hun. "A comparative applied economic analysis of Soviet foreign trade : an intra-industry trade approach /." Connect to resource, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262716466.
Full text
13
Barrera, Rey Fernando J. "Trade liberalisation and intra-industry heterogeneity : Colombia's manufacturing sector 1975-1987." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307418.
Full text
14
Abdul, Karim Mohamed Azhar. "Essays on the measurement of marginal intra-industry trade and adjustment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251429.
Full text
15
Vorawangso, Cholachit. "Linking foreign direct investment and intra-industry trade : an application to ASEAN." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416311.
Full text
16
Osgood, Iain Guthrie. "Differentiated Products, Divided Industries: Firms and the Politics of Intra-Industry Trade." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10982.
Full textAbstract:
Which firms support trade liberalization and under what circumstances? The dominant approaches to trade politics ignore two key features of modern international commerce -- firm heterogeneity in export performance and intra-industry trade -- which jointly imply that industries will be divided over bilateral trade liberalization. This dissertation examines the impact of these features on the politics of trade, exploring the preferences of firms, the attitudes of industries, and the motivations of politicians, in turn. When products are differentiated, firms which do not export generally oppose trade liberalization even in industries at a comparative advantage relative to their foreign trade partners. Not all exporting firms will be supporters of trade, however. For example, the largest exporters may oppose trade liberalization in their export markets due to increased competition from compatriot firms. It is then argued that industries are most likely to be divided where product differentiation is high and differences in competitiveness between trade partners are muted. This pattern is documented empirically in a study of US industries' attitudes toward the US-Korea and US-Australia Free Trade Agreements. Finally, a complete political economic model of trade policy determination with heterogeneous firms is developed. The changing preferences of politicians across different economic and institutional settings are explored, and comparative statics identified which show how equilibrium tariffs change with key industry features.Government
17
Brown, William Mark. "The influence of industrial and spatial structure on Canada-U.S. regional trade." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0027/NQ50985.pdf.
Full text
18
Kuosku, Caroline. "How has the Swedish intra-industry trade been affected by the Eurozone crisis?" Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124118.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes how the Swedish intra-industry trade, simultaneous import and export of goods in the same industry, has changed after the Eurozone crisis occurred year 2008. The hypothesis is associated with trade theory regarding more intense intra-industry trade between countries with similar economic structure, development and market size. The crisis-effect is assumed to decrease the two-way trade between Sweden and countries with large economic differences and stay unchanged between Sweden and countries with similar economic structures. By conducting three different models that evaluates the effects in different steps, the main findings are supporting the hypothesis. The intra-industry trade intensity has increased for the cluster of countries with low or medium difference in GDP per capita compared to Sweden, and decreased for those countries with large difference. The explanation to these findings is that the international trade has experienced simultaneous development for both Sweden and partner countries and this has generated equalized two-way trade between similar economies, there could also be the possibility of long-term trade contracts that are less sensitive when a crisis occurs. The countries with larger economic difference has been affected in a larger extent which has led to decreased two-way trade, probably caused by a greater gap between countries economic structures and consumer demands.
19
Celi, Giuseppe. "Quality differentiation vertical disintergration and the labour market effects of intra-industry trade." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271894.
Full text
20
Stone, Leonie Lindsley. "Intra-industry trade in the long run : a multi-country, time-series study." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262290072.
Full text
21
Park, Jehoon. "A comparative applied economic analysis of Soviet foreign trade : an intra-industry approach." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262716466.
Full text
22
Stone, Léonie L. "Intra-industry trade in the long run : a multi-country, time-series study /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487777170405466.
Full text
23
Stone, Léonie L. "Intra-industry trade in the long run : a multi-country, time-series study /." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262290072.
Full text
24
Pham, Thi Hoai Phuong <1993>. "INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS BETWEEN VIETNAM AND EUROPEAN UNION (EU) MEMBERS." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16841.
Full textAbstract:
Vietnam is still primarily an agricultural country where farmers and land workers occupy the most substantial proportion of the national population. Therefore the growth of agricultural trade would contribute to enhancing the incomes and living standards of the Vietnamese rural population. In particular, Intra – industry trade (IIT) in farm products is regarded as a significant attribute to the growth of Vietnamese agricultural trade. The study focuses on calculating and analyzing IIT in the agricultural-food sector between Vietnam and the European Union (EU) members and identifying the country-specific determinants affecting the IIT level. From that, suggestions for Vietnam to improve the agricultural industry and expand agricultural exports in the context of newly signed EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) will be discussed.
25
HereÌdia, Caldeira Cabral Manuel de. "Factor content of vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade : endowments and requirements as determinants of matched trade flows." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410419.
Full text
26
Fernandes, Cátia Claudemira Cordeiro. "As mudanças nas estruturas de comércio internacional e a evolução da especialização comercial de Portugal face à "tríade" : os desafios da competitividade internacional." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16030.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Economia InternacionalEste trabalho tem como objectivo analisar os desafios da competitividade internacional, colocados pela mudança estrutural nos fluxos de comércio internacional e pela evolução da estrutura de especialização internacional das economias, sendo a análise particularizada para o posicionamento de Portugal face à "Tríade" da economia mundial. Para tal efeito, começamse por aferir os principais contributos e validade, na actual envolvente da economia mundial, dos diversos quadros teóricos explicativos do comércio internacional, sendo em seguida analisado o comércio de natureza intra-ramo, dada a sua importância nas estruturas de comércio internacional, e abordada a questão da competitividade internacional, actualmente alvo de um generalizado interesse. A evolução do padrão de comércio externo português com os principais pólos dinamizadores da economia mundial, é analisada com o objectivo de avaliar as tendências a nível do posicionamento competitivo da economia nacional face à denominada 'Tríade" e para aferir quanto a eventuais tendências de periferização da economia nacional no seio da UE. A análise comparativa das especificidades da estrutura de comércio externo português face à denominada "Tríade" revela um comportamento para Portugal aquém do conjunto das economias consideradas, para além de esboçar uma tendência de divergência face ao padrão evidenciado pela UE. A determinação do tipo de comércio predominante na estrutura de comércio internacional portuguesa, com recurso a diferentes metodologias, permitiu concluir que apesar dos níveis de comércio intra-ramo (CIR) entre Portugal e a UE terem aumentado consideravelmente, os níveis extra-comunitários continuam a ser bastante diminutos, bem como, detectar um claro predomínio do CIR diferenciado verticalmente. A composição do CIR vertical de Portugal com a UE foi avaliada como predominantemente inferior vertical, indiciando desequilíbrios de competitividade entre Portugal e os respectivos parceiros comunitários (apesar do mesmo não ser tão visível no comércio extra-comunitário). Por último, a avaliação do potencial de sustentabilidade competitiva do perfil de especialização internacional da economia nacional revelou uma forte dependência de sectores que assentam na exploração de baixos custos salariais, sendo nítidas as carências da valorização de l&D, diferenciação de produto e economias de escala, e reconhece-se um predomínio de sectores com fraca intensidade tecnológica, o que pode produzir efeitos fracamente dinamizadores dos níveis de competitividade de Portugal no contexto internacional.
The major concern of this dissertation is to analyse the challenges of the international competitiveness imposed by the structural change of the international trade flows and by the evolution of the international specialisation pattern of national economies, taking into account the particular case of Portugars competitivo positioning in relation to the "Triad" countries. This dissertation begins by trying to identify the major contributions and validity of international trade theories in today's international competitivo environment. Further, taking into consideration the fact that intra-industry trade clearly constitutes an important segment of international trade, it studies the nature of this phenomenon, and then analyses the process of international competitiveness, which today is an important subject of interest. The analysis of the evolution of the portuguese international trade pattern together with the main driving forces of the world economy is structured in order to evaluate the competitive positioning tendencies of the portuguese economy in comparison with the "Triad" and to estimate possible "peripherysation" tendencies of the portuguese economy within the EU. The evaluation of the characteristics of the portuguese international trade structure compared to the "Triad" revealed Portugars inferior performance and demonstrated a divergent tendency when compared to the EU behaviour. The determination of the predominant nature of trade in the portuguese international trade structure, with the application of different methodologies, allowed to conclude that there was an increase in the Portugal's intra-industry trade (IIT) with the EU, though the importance of the IIT with the extra-EU countries continues to be very low. It has also detected a clear predominance of the vertical IIT and concluded that the vertical IIT with the EU countries is predominantly inferior vertical, which constitutes a scenery that indicates a disadvantageous competitive position for Portugal when compared to the other EU members (nevertheless, this scenery is not very expressive in what concerns the extra-EU trade). Finally, the evaluation of the competitive sustainability potential of the portuguese economy's international specialisation pattern revealed a strong dependency on industries focused in the exploitation of low labour costs, presenting evidence of a meaningful scarcity of industries that promote R&D, product differentiation and economies of scale. It was also identified a clear supremacy of industries with low technology intensity, which can produce strangling effects on the portuguese competitiveness in the international environment.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
27
Turkcan, Kemal. "Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Intermediate Goods between the US and OECD Countries." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04012003-144144/.
Full textAbstract:
The increased importance of fragmentation in world trade has created an interest among trade economists to explain the determinants of trade in intermediate goods. A substantial part of trade in intermediates between the US and OECD countries takes the form of intra-industry (IIT). I have divided total intra-industry trade into its horizontal and vertical components. Vertical IIT is defined as the exchange of intermediates which belong to the same industry but which are located at different stages on the production spectrum. Horizontal IIT is defined as the exchange of intermediate goods belonging to the same industry but differing in terms of characteristics or technological specifications, which are technologically unrelated. Hypotheses drawn from Ethier (1982) and Feenstra and Hanson (1997) are put forward to investigate the intra-industry trade in intermediates between the US and other selected OECD countries for the period of 1990-1996.To test these hypotheses, I have utilized three-way fixed effects and random effects models. The results confirm the hypothesis that the determinants of vertical and horizontal IIT in intermediates differ. Empirical results show that horizontal IIT is positively related to the size of markets and foreign direct investment, while it is negatively related to differences in human capital endowments and geographical proximity. On the other hand, vertical IIT is positively related to FDI, while it is negatively related to economies of scale.
28
Crespo, Nuno Miguel Pascoal. "Medição e factores determinantes do comércio intra-ramo : uma aplicação ao caso português." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15977.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Economia InternacionalA existência de comércio de produtos pertencentes à mesma indústria (comércio intraramo -CIR) tem sido objecto de ampla investigação teórica e empírica ao longo, sobretudo, dos últimos 25 anos. A magnitude deste tipo de comércio e os menores custos de ajustamento que, normalmente, lhe são associados justificam este estudo detalhado. Nos últimos anos, graças ao surgimento de novas linhas de investigação que visam colmatar algumas das lacunas existentes na análise anterior, o estudo do CIR ganhou um renovado interesse. Neste contexto, um dos mais importantes contributos consiste na aplicação, em termos empíricos, da desagregação do CIR em CIR vertical (de produtos diferenciados pela qualidade) e CIR horizontal (de produtos diferenciados pelas características). No presente trabalho, após apresentarmos os principais quadros teóricos que servem de suporte explicativo à existência de CIR, concentramo-nos na sua avaliação empírica em Portugal. Assim, procedemos à avaliação quantitativa dos diferentes tipos de CIR no caso português (em termos globais e numa perspectiva bilateral) na década de 90. Para tal, utilizamos, preferencialmente, a metodologia de análise usualmente designada "metodologia do CEPII". Complementarmente, utilizamos o clássico indicador de Grubel-Lloyd. Os resultados permitem concluir que o CIR é um fenómeno significativo e de importância crescente em Portugal. Concluímos, igualmente, que o CIR vertical é claramente dominante. Para além da medição do fenómeno em Portugal, procedemos, ainda, à avaliação econométrica da importância dos factores determinantes avançados pela teoria, no caso português. Os resultados desta análise permitem confirmar a grande vantagem em proceder ao estudo do CIR em termos desagregados dado que os factores determinantes de cada tipo de CIR são distintos.
The existence of trade of products belonging to the same industry (intra-industry trade- IIT) has been object of ample theoretical and empirical research mainly along the last 25 years. The magnitude of this trade type and the minor adjustment costs which are, normally, associated to it, justify this detailed study. In recent years, thanks to the appearance of new lines of research aiming at overcoming some of the problems present in the previous analysis, IIT gained a renewed interest. In this context, one of the most important contributions consists in the application, in empirical terms, of the desegregation, for a long time established in theory, of IIT into vertical IIT (of products differentiated by quality) and horizontal IIT (of products differentiated by characteristics). In the present work, after presenting the main theoretical aspects which are used as explanatory support to the existence of IIT, we concentrate on its empirical measurement in Portugal. Thus, we conduct the quantitative evaluation of the differentIIT types in the Portuguese case (in global terms and in a bilateral perspective) in the
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
29
Mohammad, Hartini. "Growth channels, imported inputs and intra-industry trade : a panel data analysis on Malaysian manufacturing sector." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/23408.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis investigates three selected issues pertaining to the Malaysian Manufacturing sector namely industries growth channels, imported inputs and intra-industry trade determinants. For each of this issue we have adopted a static and a dynamic estimation approach. In the static estimation the result presented are based on Ordinary Least Square, Fixed and Random Effect besides Generalized Least Square estimations. Meanwhile in the dynamic estimation, we focused on result of the difference and system GMM estimations. For industries growth channels, the findings suggest that at aggregate industry level, fixed capital formation and human capital channels are always statistically significant regardless of the test applied either in static or dynamic models estimation. The significance of fixed capital formation is consistent with the strong and cumulative saving and investment condition in Malaysia which has had a significant effect on the capital formation of the country. Our findings for foreign direct investment channel might suggest that Malaysian manufacturing industries has had problem to absorb the transfer of technology that had impede the growth of the sector. Meanwhile, a negative association between government consumption and economic growth might indicate that the government expenditures pattern might have distort the allocation of resources in the economy especially the manufacturing sector. Our findings suggest that the nature of the relationship between manufactured exports and economic growth is negative which might indicate that Malaysian manufactured exports were actually driven by the economy growth. Further analysis at individual export-oriented industry level shows that manufactured exports and government consumption channels have influence growth in both resource-based and non-resource based industries. Our analysis also include trade liberalization estimation which suggest that trade liberalization has a positive causality relationship with the growth of industries through all selected channels. Regarding the imported inputs analysis, the dynamic estimation results show that imported inputs have a positive relationship with industries owned by the non-Malaysian, but not for industries owned by the Malaysian. Our finding for industries owned by the Malaysian is consistent with the government actions that have strongly encouraged them to use domestic inputs through implementation of various incentives. This is because the implementation of the first round of the Import Substitution phase (1957-1967), had created an industrialization era which relied heavily on imported inputs and machines which resulted in distortions in domestic product prices, low value added, poor domestic economy linkages and inequalities in income and employment. On the contrary, our findings for all static and dynamic models suggest that imported input have a positive relationship with the growth of industries owned by non-Malaysian. This result might indicate that industries whose import their intermediate inputs have increased their growth performance and productivity. Meanwhile, at firms’ level, imported inputs suggest a positive relationship with firms owned by both Malaysian and non-Malaysian. Our analysis again include trade liberalization estimation which show that trade liberalization have a positive relationship with the imported inputs content in industries owned by Malaysia while at firms level, only non-tariff index shows a positive relationship. Last issue relates to the intra industry trade in Malaysian manufacturing sector. Our findings suggest that the gross domestic products variables which proxies the market size of a country, the similarity in income and the relative size effects between Malaysia and its trading partners has had influence the share of intra industry trade of the manufactured goods. As for the other country-characteristic determinants, we found a positive relationship between foreign direct investment and the share of intra-industry trade which support the theoretical framework proposed by Grubel and Lloyd (1975) and Greenaway and Milner (1986). Similarly, distance and trade imbalance also indicates a significant negative relationship with the trade share. Meanwhile at individual industry level, our findings suggest that a majority of the gross domestic product variables indicate a statistically significant relationship with the trade share in the dynamic estimation models for the wood, textiles and electrical and electronic industries. Contradictory, the maximum value of gross domestic products has a statistically significant relationship in the static estimation models for the rubber, textiles and electrical and electronic industries, respectively. Meanwhile, the other country-characteristic determinants such as foreign direct investment, trade imbalance and trade orientation have a statistically significant relationship in both static and dynamic estimations models in a majority of the Malaysian export-oriented industries. On the other hand distance, border and asean have a statistically significant relationship in only the static estimation models for the industries.
30
Mendonça, Fernando Emanuel Martins Mascarenhas. "Determinants of Portuguese trade: 1986-2010." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11787.
Full textAbstract:
A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis paper aims to assess the determinants of Portuguese trade in the years 1986 to 2010. The beginning of this period is marked by the Portuguese entry to the EEC and the Single European Act in 1985, the introduction of Euro in 1999, while the end is defined by the 2007 financial crisis and the late 2010 sovereign debt crisis. The results show that some sectors of the Portuguese economy suffered a structural change in their behavior, regarding international trade. Apart from some exceptions, the results also show that, in general, the economy behaved as expected. Capital stocks (K), human capital (HC) and infrastructures (IF) promote higher exports whereas economies of scale (ES) has an ambiguous contribution. For the Retail (G), Construction (F) and Health/ Social Work (N+O+P) sectors, the results suggest an increase of intra-industry trade.
31
BELLINO, ANTONELLA. "The migration-trade nexus in the presence of vertical and horizontal product differentiation." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/331783.
Full textAbstract:
Extended abstract
Over the last twenty years a vast literature, especially empirical, has been
developed in order to analyze the impact of migration flows on international trade under
the hypothesis that ethnic networks play a key role. The basic idea is that immigrants
are connected to their home countries by various types of links including: knowledge of
home institutions, available products, home-country markets, languages and
preferences. International trade can be influenced by immigrants’ ties to their home
countries, because these linkages could help to decrease trade transaction costs.
(Gould, 1994; Head and Ries, 1998; Dunlevy and Hutchinson, 1999; Rauch, 1999,
2001; Girma and Yu, 2002; Wagner et al., 2002; Bruder, 2004; Mundra, 2005; Jansen
and Piermartini, 2009; Murat and Pistoresi, 2009; Peri and Requena-Silvente, 2010;
Aleksynska and Peri, 2011; Egger et al.,2012; Bratti et al., 2012; Parsons, 2012;
Felbermayr et al., 2012, to name but a few).
However the great bulk of the literature has not remarked sufficiently that, in
order to deeply explore the relationship between migration and international trade, it
becomes noteworthy to take into account the nature of trade flows. In other words, an
accurate analysis of the migration-trade nexus requires the crucial distinction between
inter industry and intra industry trade flows, and the further separation of vertical and
horizontal components inside intra-industry trade (IIT, thereafter).
In fact, the theoretical literature on IIT’s determinants (see Helpman and
Krugman (1985), Falvey and Kierzkowsky (1985), Flam and Helpman (1987)) shows
that transaction costs are a negative determinant of the share of intra-industry trade in
total trade. In addition, changes in transaction costs have a stronger impact on trade in
differentiated products than in homogeneous goods. Therefore, if immigration allows a
decline in trading transaction costs, this reduction will have a larger positive effect on
the volume of intra-industry trade than on the volume of inter industry trade. The further
observation that transaction costs could affect product differentiation in different ways -
depending on the type of product differentiation involved, vertical or horizontal –
induces us to explore the migration-trade link by discriminating vertical and horizontal
components of IIT. Actually the literature on IIT has largely demonstrated that
theoretical explanations of vertical intra-industry (VIIT, thereafter) differ significantly
from Krugman style models of horizontal intra industry trade (HIIT, thereafter), and
consequently empirical tests on the industry specific determinants of IIT should be
carried out separately for VIIT and HIIT (Greenaway, Hine and Milner, 1995). In
analogy with these prescriptions of IIT literature, empirical tests on the migration trade
nexus should be performed independently for VIIT and HIIT. On the one hand, the protrade
role of immigration in terms of transaction costs reduction seems more appropriate
when HIIT is involved, because the immigrants’ knowledge of home country markets
and available products should enhance more “variety trade” than “quality trade”. On the
other hand, growing income differentials between immigrants and natives should
activate more VIIT.
This last observation calls into question the relevance of differences in human
capital endowment between trade partners and between immigration and emigration
flows. Usually, in theoretical frameworks analyzing the migration-trade link no
distinction is made between immigrants and emigrants with reference to their pro-trade
role (Gould, 1994). In addition, in empirical contributions testing the relationship
between migration and trade, the nexus is explored by considering the exclusive role of
immigrants (except in some rare study in which the role of emigrants is explicitly
explored; see Murat and Pistoresi (2009), Parsons (2012)). Nevertheless, in the presence
of human capital differences between immigrants and emigrants, an in-depth analysis of
the migration trade nexus shouldn’t overlook the distinction between emigrants and
immigrants, given that their influence on trade flows - and on the nature of trade flows -
is virtually different. Furthermore an investigation of the pro-trade effects of migration
carried out separately for immigrants and emigrants turns to be particularly significant
when also the nature of trade flows is explicitly considered (disentangling HIIT and
VIIT). Hence an analysis conducted by crossing the two dimensions of migration
(immigration and emigration) and the two dimensions of intra-industry trade (VIIT and
HIIT) provides a richer set of information by improving the interpretation of empirical
results.
Following this line of argument, the present work investigates the existing link
between migration and intra-industry trade. In particular, three major questions are
addressed here: 1) does migration help to increase intra-industry trade? 2) Does
migration have a different impact on vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade? 3) Do
the trade effects of immigration and emigration have different magnitudes? We try to
answer these questions focusing on the Italian and German case which, in our opinion,
seem to be the right countries for this type of analysis. For instance, Italy was a land of
emigration and has also become a land of immigration over time, and the share of its
bilateral intra-industry trade has increased in the early twenty first century (from 44% in
2000 to 47% in 2010) together with migration flows. Moreover, Italy lends itself to the
separated analysis of the two components of IIT, since, especially for Italy, the “quality”
trade (VIIT) represents the predominant amount of all IIT (63% in 2010). Furthermore
the Italian outward and inward flows of migrants, other than a different historical
importance, are different because of countries from which they come, or to which they
go; also differing in educational level. Italian emigrates mostly go to developed
countries, and instead immigrants in Italy are coming from developing countries. This
circumstance – supported by other sources of information (Fondazione Migrantes) -
signals that Italian emigrants are mostly more skilled than immigrants arriving in Italy.
Moreover, we are dealing with two European countries that have different national
dynamics of the labor market. In particular, among the big European countries, Italy and
Germany are those which better represent the two significantly different trends
characterizing labor market.
We use country-level data that combines the bilateral intra-industry trade
indexes and both the stock of immigrants and emigrants by countries (data sources
include: EUROSTAT, Comext database, for trade data at the 8 digit level of
disaggregation; ISTAT, migration trends and foreign population, Istat annuals on line,
and Federal Statistic Office, with reference to Italian and German immigration data
respectively; Anagrafe Italiani Residenti all’Estero, AIRE database, for data on Italian
emigration).
Then, following the methodology proposed by Greenaway, Hine and Milner
(1995) and based on unit values of imports and exports as proxies of quality, the intraindustry
trade has been divided in its two components, horizontal and vertical, in order
to check which one is more affected by migration.
The empirical model, departing from Hummels and Levinshon (1995), is developed
adding to the basic specification our key variables: the stock of immigrants and the
stock of emigrants. Since intra-industry trade index varies between 0 and 1, the method
of ordinary least squares (OLS) is not appropriate and cannot be directly used for the
model’s estimate (estimated coefficients would not be efficient). On this regard, Caves
(1981) noted that OLS method has the disadvantage of not ensuring that predicted
values of the dependent variable will be within its feasible range from 0 to 1. As the
literature suggests (Balassa, 1986), in order to overcome this problem, we apply a
logistic transformation to IIT and then we use OLS to estimate the model.
The estimation’s results suggest that our hypotheses are consistent with the data: for
instance, in the case of Italy, both emigration and immigration exert a positive influence
on the share of intra-industry trade between Italy and its partner countries, even if the
coefficient of the emigration variable is not statistically significant in all regressions (it
becomes statistically different from zero only with reference to HIIT, confirming in any
case the relevance of disentangling VIIT and HIIT in empirical tests). This result could
be related to the fact that immigrants in Italy mostly come from developing countries
which represent economies dissimilar to the Italian one so that the information brought
by immigrants is more valuable (in terms of trade transaction costs’ reduction) than the
information carried by Italians who go to developed countries.
With regard to the VIIT and the HIIT, we find that the discrimination between these two
components of IIT leads to a deep investigation of the link migration-IIT and improves
the interpretation of empirical results, suggesting that migration has different effects on
the two types of IIT. Indeed, the estimated coefficients are very different between them
and the impact on the VIIT and HIIT is quite different. In particular, always with
reference to the Italian case, the effect of immigration and emigration on international
trade turns to be more relevant and significant when the “variety” trade (HIIT) is
explicitly considered. Therefore, not to separate IIT in its two components leads to
underestimate the potential effect of migration on IIT since it rules out the notable effect
on the horizontal intra-industry trade.
These results seem encouraging, in particular in light of the fact we used a very highly
disaggregated data and, unlike other studies, our calculations are based on a dataset
where both manufacturing and non manufacturing industries are included.
32
Hromadová, Jana. "Horizontal and Vertical Intra-Industry Trade between New and Old Member Countries - Implications for Convergence." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-96354.
Full textAbstract:
The main aim of this dissertation is to provide evidence on the development of bilateral trade relations related to manufacturing industry between Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia and the old Member States of the EU (EU 15/EU 25) through focus on the intra-industry trade phenomenon during the period delimited by years 1995, 1999, 2004 and 2007. Based on data from Eurostat Easy Comext database classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification (Rev.3), Grubel-Lloyd indices are computed at the level of 3-digit and 1-digit manufacturing industries (SITC 5, 6, 7, 8) and thereafter aggregate to the level of manufacturing sector as a whole (SITC 5 - 8). Consequently, Greenaway, Hine and Milner methodology is used for disentangling intra-industry trade into its horizontal and vertical components (the latter being further separated into low quality vertical intra-industry trade and high quality vertical intra-industry trade) on the basis of unit value indices. The results show that the share of intra-industry trade in total trade between the countries in focus is increasing during the complete period in all countries and all sectors with SITC 6, 7 and 8 clearly inclining to intra-industry specialization. Altogether, the predominant specialization in high quality vertical IIT is presented, implying so far only slowly advancing convergence steps of the new Member States towards the path of the initial Members of the EU.
33
Gustafsson, Matilda. "Intra-Industry Trade between Sweden and EU 15 : A Study of the Forest, Metal, and Machinery Industries." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-305.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the pattern of intra-industry trade (IIT) between Sweden and EU 15 during the time period 1980-2002. Focus is put on the Swedish manu-facturing industry, which has been divided into the forest, metal and machinery industries. With help of the Grubel-Lloyd index, values have been calculated in order to measure the size of IIT with the other Member States and in product groups.
Theories about two-way trade argue that countries with similar characteristics have more IIT. The results from the empirical findings show that the Swedish IIT is higher with nearby countries such as Denmark, Finland and Germany. Similar for these countries are the factor endowments, GDP per capita, culture, language, and the closeness to Sweden. The forest industry has more net trade than IIT. In the metal and machinery industries, the IIT is as large as the net trade. Regarding two-way trade within product groups, the analysis proved that products which can be differentiated into more sub-groups have more IIT. A large part of the products have higher net trade than IIT.
34
Hu, Xiaoling. "Comparative studies between China and India of intra-industry trade and its implications for developing countries." Thesis, Southampton Solent University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285390.
Full text
35
Al-Mawali, Nasser, and n/a. "Country-specific determinants of vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade: an empirical analysis of South Africa." University of Canberra. Business & Government, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060526.120413.
Full textAbstract:
The principal purpose of this study is to provide a refined empirical investigation concerning
country-specific determinants of horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade (IIT,) in relation to
South Africa using the gravity model of trade in a panel data setting. Prior to investigating the
case of South Africa's intra-industry trade a critical review of the relevant theoretical,
methodologcal, and empirical literature is provided. The study operationalises the theoretical
dstinction between horizontal and vertical IIT using the latest methodology of decomposing total
IIT into horizontal intra-industry trade (HIIq and vertical intra-industry trade (WIT,).
Thts study makes several advances on earlier empirical studies of intra-industry trade
determinants. These include the introduction of new countq-specific determinants of intraindustry
trade that previous studies have not examined. Furthermore, it is the first empirical study
that traces the relationshp between intra-industry trade flows and intellectual property rights
(IPRs). Moreover, to ensure the sensitivity and robustness of the results, several econometric
approaches have been used in estimating the gravity model of South Africa's intra-industry trade:
the consistent coefficient approach, the fixed effects approach, the random effects approach, and
the between effects approach.
The econometric results are generally satisfactory in terms of economic interpretation and
statistical significance and thus offer new empirical validation to the theoretical explanatory
variables. The key findngs suggest the following: the volume of South Africa's IIT has increased
during the study period and its WIT exceeds its HIIT. The latter result reflects the nature of
South Africa's trade as it imports high valued added products and exports primary and mineral
products. South Africa's intra-industry trade and its two components are positively related to
market size and standard of living, and negatively related to geographcal distance. Furthermore,
separately, the IPRs and the imitation ability of South Africa's tradmg partners are not important
factors in determining IIT flows; however, the interaction between them is an important factor.
Thts study also reveals South Africa should pursue its intra-industry trade with rest of world
concentrating on local industries that produce most competitive varieties, absorbing labor and
other resources from the production of other varieties.
36
Liao, Fanwei. "Product diversification, symbiotic orientation and firm performance : a perspective of extended resource-based view of the firm." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/892.
Full text
37
Whelan, Angela Mary. "The effect of technical change on existing patterns of intra-industry trade : a case study of the UK agricultural machinery industry." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235498.
Full text
38
Smet, Koen. "Stuck in the middle? The structure of trade between South Africa and its major trading partners." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2007. http://epub.wu.ac.at/876/1/document.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyses the South African trade data from1992 until 2006 by means of a Grubel-Lloyd index, a measurement of marginal intra-industry trade and a revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indicator. During this period a lot happened that influenced the South African trade policy, e.g. the political transition in 1994, the formation of the World Trade Organisation in 1995, the rise of China as trading power, etc. The purpose is not only to analyse the current structure of South African trade, but also to examine its structural change over time. As a result this paper shows that South Africa is principally a supplier of natural resources to both industrialised and emerging economies. With respect to its African neighbours South Africa has a more advantageous trading position. More general this paper shows that an indicator reaches significant different values, if different trading partners or industries are analysed.(author´s abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
39
Tamang, Karan. "Examiation of complementary and competitive aspects of trade relations between India and Chaina." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2022. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/5124.
Full text
40
Justus, Martha. "An investigation into the level of intra-industry trade between Canada and the United States, 1968-80 /." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60653.
Full textAbstract:
Trade in similar products or intra-industry trade results from scale economies and consumer preferences, rather than from conventional forces of comparative advantage. This paper attempts to quantify the importance of intra-industry exchange between Canada and the United States. The analysis deals primarily with measurement, but an attempt to identify the determinants of the phenomenon is also made.The results suggest that intra-industry trade represents a significant and increasing share of Canada's trade with the United States. Although part of this can be explained by idiosyncratic causes, the importance of two-way trade within manufacturing requires additional explanation.
41
Aksen, Ernest, Jacek Cukrowski, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Propagation of Crises Across Countries: Trade Roots of Contagion Effects." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2001. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4235/1/WGI_DP_7801.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The paper provides an explanation of the mechanisms underlying trade roots of the contagion
effects emanating from the recent turmoils. It is argued that under demand uncertainty risk averse
behavior of firms provides a basis for international trade. The paper shows by means of a simple
two-country model that risk averse firms operating in perfectly competitive markets with
uncertainty of demand tend to diversify markets what gives a basis for international trade in
identical commodities even between identical countries. It is shown that such trade may be welfare
improving despite efficiency losses due to cross-hauling and transportation costs. The analysis
reveals that change of the expectations concerning market conditions caused by the turmoil in the
neighbor country (i.e., shift in the perception of market conditions) may lead to macroeconomic
destabilization (increase in price level and unemployment, worsening of terms of trade, and
deterioration of trade balance).Series: Discussion Papers of the Institute for Economic Geography and GIScience
42
Carvalho, Diana Nora de. "Análise do comércio intra-setorial dos países emergentes : a indústria transformadora de 2005 a 2014." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10605.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusEsta dissertação estuda a evolução do comércio intra-setorial total e do comércio intra-setorial horizontal e vertical na indústria transformadora de 10 economias emergentes - Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China, África do Sul, México, Indonésia, Coreia do Sul, Turquia e Filipinas - ao longo de 10 anos, de 2005 a 2014. É ainda feita uma distinção entre comércio intra-setorial vertical superior e inferior. Como metodologia utilizou-se o índice do comércio intra-setorial de Grubel e Lloyd (1975) e o método de de Abd-el-Rahaman (1991) e Greenaway, Hine e Milner (1994) para distinguir o comércio intra-setorial vertical do comércio intra-setorial horizontal. Os resultados obtidos sugerem uma evolução crescente do índice IIT ao longo do tempo, bem como o predomínio do comércio intra-setorial vertical em todas as economias emergentes, durante o período em análise.
This paper studies the evolution of total intra-industry trade and horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade in the manufacturing industry of 10 emerging economies - Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Mexico, Indonesia, South Korea, Turkey and the Philippines - in 10 years, from 2005 to 2014. It also does a distinction between inferior and superior vertical intra-industry trade. The methodology used is the index of intra-industry trade of Grubel and Lloyd (1975) and the method of Abd-el-Rahman (1991) and Greenaway, Hine and Milner (1994) to distinguish vertical intra-industry trade and horizontal intra-industry trade. The results suggest an increasing trend of IIT index over time, as well as the predominance of vertical intra-industry trade in all emerging countries.
43
Christensen, Tobias Ibsen. "The Czech Republic: European Integration and the Development of Trade Structure." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264468.
Full textAbstract:
Trade structure changes over time as a result of fundamental changes within the country or the world around it. This thesis will investigate the case of Czech Republic in the period from the transition period till today with the foundation in classical and neoclassical trade theory. The trade structure will be analyzed in regard to trade partners, commodity structure, relative comparative advantages and degree of intra-industry trade within an industry or sector. It will provide basis for assessing the effects of increased European integration which the Czech Republic increasingly engaged itself in with the accession to the EU in 2004.
44
Widell, Lars M. "Essays in International Trade : Measurement, Product Quality, Input-Output Modelling and Tax Evasion." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-52678.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis consists of four independent essays that deal with several measurement aspects within the field of international trade. The measurement problems addressed are related to measuring the human capital content of trade in exports relative to imports or measuring tax evasion Essay 1, The Human Capital Content of Trade and its Measurement. Evidence from Swedish Data, deals with various measurement problems related to calculations of the human capital content of trade in exports relative to imports. This builds on the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek extension to the Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory. Essay 2, Product Quality Adjustment and the Human Capital Content of Trade. A New Computational Framework, builds on the same theoretical background, but introduces a quality-adjustment in the calculations of the human capital content of trade in exports relative to imports, which builds on the idea underlying vertical intra-industry trade (VIIT). Quality adjustment is performed, first, by assuming that a product sold at a higher price has a higher quality than the same product sold at a lower price and, second, by assuming that a highquality product implies a higher content of skilled labour than a low-quality product. Essay 3, Estimation of commodity-by-commodity input–output matrices, focuses on a new method in constructing symmetric input-output tables (SIOTs), which has been termed the Bohlin and Widell model, using data contained within supply- and use-tables (SUTs). One key contribution is that it makes it possible to estimate SIOTs in cases when the underlying SUTs are rectangular. The method also addresses the problem of negative coefficients, a long-standing issue encountered in the derivation of SIOTs. Essay 4, Tax evasion in Kenya and Tanzania: Evidence from missing imports, focuses on estimating the amount of tax evasion in trade between Kenya and Tanzania. The study is empirically focused, and the measurement errors in reported trade flows between both countries are correlated with tax rates, to determine whether the measurement error increases with the tax rate.
45
Fernandes, Jean de Jesus. "Análise do grau de sofisticação das exportações do Brasil e países selecionados nos anos de 2000 a 2012." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3887.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-06-16T16:34:14Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
Jean de Jesus Fernandes.pdf: 598485 bytes, checksum: 3940f5cb6a0ac96f4025905671b7595b (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-16T16:34:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jean de Jesus Fernandes.pdf: 598485 bytes, checksum: 3940f5cb6a0ac96f4025905671b7595b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27
CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Este estudo investiga a evolução da especialização no comércio internacional do Brasil juntamente com a Alemanha, Áustria, China, Croácia, Estados Unidos, Finlândia, França, Irlanda, Israel, Itália, Japão, Polônia, República Tcheca e Suíça entre os anos 2000 e 2012. Por meio da aplicação do modelo de sofisticação das exportações e do comércio intraindústria, foi possível mensurar os resultados da expansão mundial da sofisticação em nível setorial e também pela pauta exportadora desses países. Os resultados indicam que a composição da sofisticação das exportações mundiais, em nível setorial, tem relativa tendência de aumento nos setores ligados aos produtos primários e pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D). Por sua vez, os resultados da sofisticação na pauta exportadora dos países analisados apontam relativa tendência para o aumento dos setores ligados aos produtos primários, com fator de produção intensivo em trabalho e economias de escala. No entanto, o crescimento da sofisticação das exportações nesses setores pode ser decorrente do aumento nos preços internacionais das commodities, da expansão do comércio intraindústria ou dos próprios processos das especializações do mercado.
This study investigate the evolution of specialization in Brazil’s international trade along with Germany, Austria, China, Croatia, United States, Finland, France, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Poland, Czech Republic and Switzerland between years 2000 and 2012. By the application of a sophistication model of the exports and the intra-industry trade, it was possible to measure the results of global expansion of sophistication in a sector level and also for the exporting agenda of these countries. The results indicate that the composition of the sophistication of global exports in sector level has a relative increase tendency in sectors related to primary products and research and development (R&D). In turn, the results of sophistication in the exporting agenda of the analyzed countries indicates a relative tendency of the sectors related to primary products, with intensive production factor in labor and economies of scale. However, the growth of sophistication of exports in these sectors may be due to the increase in international commodity prices, the expansion of intra-industry trade or own processes of market specialization.
46
Peak, Geoffrey Colin. "Product innovation and differentiation, intra-industry trade and growth : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php357.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliograhical references (leaves 239-251) Concerned with the influence that the production of innovative goods has on the economic growth rate of a country. Proposes that amongst the developed economies, the higher the level of production of innovative goods within a country, the higher the GDP growth rate, all else being equal.
47
Cavassola, Simone. "Análise da integração industrial entre Brasil e o Mercosul." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6354.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-16T13:34:11Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Simone Cavassola_.pdf: 449259 bytes, checksum: aa80607437aaa50ea7d3b1be0fd0a433 (MD5)
Simone Cavassola_.pdf: 449259 bytes, checksum: aa80607437aaa50ea7d3b1be0fd0a433 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-16T13:34:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Simone Cavassola_.pdf: 449259 bytes, checksum: aa80607437aaa50ea7d3b1be0fd0a433 (MD5) Simone Cavassola_.pdf: 449259 bytes, checksum: aa80607437aaa50ea7d3b1be0fd0a433 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30
Nenhuma
Este estudo busca identificar a existência e o nível de padrão de Comércio Intraindústria da Indústria de Transformação do Brasil com o Mercosul, tendo como referência o Brasil com o resto do mundo. Para esta análise utilizou-se o índice Grubel-Lloyd (1975), a partir dos dados de importação e exportação dos 99 setores da indústria de transformação, transacionados entre o Brasil e os países do Mercosul, e entre o Brasil e o mundo no período compreendido dos anos 2000 a 2014. Como resultados do estudo, é possível perceber o enfraquecimento do comércio brasileiro intrasetorial com o Mercosul e também com o restante do mundo. Ou seja, ao invés de aumentar a integração entre os países, em especial, membros do Mercosul, os resultados mostram uma diminuição dessa integração. Essa evidência contesta o desempenho que se espera da integração produtiva regional como um fator dinamizador econômico, visto fortemente na década de 1990. E em relação ao comércio do Brasil com o restante do mundo, identifica-se a exportação de um volume maior de bens primários, contra a importação de bens de intensidade tecnológica. Ao invés de realizar trocas dentro de um mesmo setor, como evidencia o Comércio Intraindústria, o maior volume de comércio entre o Brasil e o Mundo ocorre entre setores distintos.
This study aims to identify the existence and the level of Intra-Industry pattern between Brazilian and Mercosur industries, taking as reference to the trade pattern between Brazil and the rest of the world. For the analyses was considered the Grubel-Lloyd Index (1975), over imports and exports data of 99 sectors of the industry traded between Brazil and Mercosur countries and, between Brazil and the rest of the world from 2000 to 2014. The results revealed deterioration of Brazilian intersectoral commerce with Mercosur, as well with the rest of the world. In other words, it means that instead of improving productive integration among the countries, especially Mercosur members, the results expose the diminishing of integration. This evidence challenges the expected performance of regional productive integration as an economic enabling factor, seen strongly in the 1990's. The present work also demonstrates an increase in the exportation of primary goods from Brazil to the rest of the world, in contrast, the importation of goods of high technology. By the way, instead of indication of Intra-Industry trade, the greater trade between Brazil and the rest of the world takes place among different sectors.
48
Almeida, Edna Maria Silva Soares. "O comércio intra-sectorial entre Portugal e os países da União Europeia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/14643.
Full textAbstract:
A presente investigação tem como objectivo analisar a evolução do comércio intra-sectorial nas relações bilaterais entre Portugal e os países da União Europeia durante o período de 1995-2008 para os sectores: 31 e 34 e o impacto sobre das principais variáveis explicativas: diferença do rendimento per capita, diferença das dotações relativas, valor mínimo do rendimento per capita, valor máximo do rendimento per capita, BORDER (adjacência/fronteira), distância geográfica e dimensão do mercado (das economias) sobre o comércio intra-sectorial.
A intensidade e a contribuição do comércio intra-sectorial é medida em termos absolutos e relativos através do índice proposto por Grubel e Lloyd (1975); a desagregação do comércio intra-sectorial horizontal e vertical é efectuada utilizando o critério de Abd-EL-Rahman (1991) e Grenaway et al. (1994) aplicado ao índice de Grubel e Lloyd.
Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o comércio intra-sectorial vertical representa maior peso no total do comércio intra-sectorial nas relações bilaterais entre Portugal e a União Europeia, para ambos os sectores tanto em termos absolutos como em termos relativos.
Em termos dos resultados econométricos verificou-se que a variável, proxy diferença do consumo eléctrico per capita utilizada para medir as dotações relativas possui um efeito negativo sobre o comércio intra-sectorial. As variáveis dimensão do mercado e valor mínimo do rendimento per capita apresentam um impacto positivo sobre o comércio intra-sectorial; ABSTRACT: This research aims to analyze the evolution of intra-industry trade in bilateral relations between Portugal and the European Union countries during the period 1995-2008 for the sectors: 31 and 34, and the impact on the main explanatory variables: difference in income per capita, difference in factor endowments, the minimum value of per capita income, maximum income per capita, BORDER (adjacency / border), geographical distance and market size (economies) on intra-industry trade.
The intensity and the contribution of intra-industry trade is measured in absolute and relative terms through the index proposed by Grubel and Lloyd (1975); and the horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade was evaluated using the criterion of Abd-el-Rahman (1991 ) and Grenaway et al. (1994) applied to the index of Grubel and Lloyd.
The results showed that the vertical intra-industry trade represents a greater weight in the total intra-industry trade in bilateral relations between Portugal and the European Union, for both sectors, in both absolute and relative terms.
The econometric results showed that the variable, proxy difference of the power consumption per capita appropriations used to measure a negative effect on intra-industry trade. The variables market size and low per capita income have a positive impact on intra-industry trade.
49
Kaušylaitė, Skirmantė. "Prekyba pramonės šakos produkcija: Kinijos prekybos įtakos Lietvuos tekstilės pramonei vertinimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080821_152926-45410.
Full textAbstract:
Magistro darbo tikslas yra apžvelgus prekybos pramonės šakos produkcija teoriją, išanalizuoti Kinijos prekybos poveikį Lietuvos tekstilės pramonei. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiama prekybos pramonės šakos viduje teorija, jos atsiradimo priežastys, palyginimas su prekyba tarp skirtingų pramonės šakų. Aprašomas prekybos pramonės šakos viduje skaičiavimas. Analizuojama pastarosios prekybos nauda. Antrojoje darbo dalyje analizuojamas staigus Kinijos ekonominis atsigavimas, vertinama Kinijos prekyba su pasauliu. Apžvelgiamas Kinijos prekybos poveikis Europos Sąjungos tekstilės ir aprangos sektoriui po pasaulinio kvotų panaikinimo 2005 metais. Pateikiami tekstilės importo iš Kinijos, kaip problemos, galimi sprendimo būdai. Trečiojoje magistro darbo dalyje pirmiausiai pateikiama Lietuvos-Kinijos prekyba (jos mastai, struktūra). Toliau analizuojamas Kinijos prekybos tekstile poveikis Lietuvos tekstilės pramonei. Atliekami prekybos pramonės šakos viduje skaičiavimai. Vertinamas tekstilės importo iš Kinijos poveikis Lietuvos bendrai šio sektoriaus gamybai bei užimtumui. Galiausiai darbe pateikiami apibendrinti atlikto tyrimo „Kiniškos tekstilės vertinimas Lietuvoje“ rezultatai.The goal of the Master's thesis is to review the theory of intra-industry trade and analyse the influence of Chinese trade on Lithuanian textile industry. The first part of the work presents the theory of intra-industry trade, causes for its appearance, comparison with trade between industries. Calculation of intra-industry trade is described. The benefit of the latter is analysed. The second part of the paper includes an analysis of the sudden economical recovery of China, Chinese trade with the world is estimated. Next, an overview of the influence of Chinese trade on the European Union textile and clothing industry after the lifting of global quotas in 2005 is presented. Possible solutions to problem of textile import from China are provided. The third part of the Master's thesis primarily delivers information on Lithuanian-Chinese trade (its scope, structure). The influence of Chinese textile trade is further analysed. Calculations of intra-industry trade are carried out. Influence of textiles import from China to production and employment within this field in Lithuania is assessed. Finally, the paper presents summarized results of a research „Evaluation of Chinese textile in Lithuania“.
50
Pinto, Priscilla Belle Oliveira. "Comércio intraindústria: análise da hipótese de ajuste suavizado para o Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1893.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T20:24:45Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
priscillabelleoliveirapinto.pdf: 1398069 bytes, checksum: a26dbfa8bcbdf30a5d13755290af49b5 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T15:41:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 priscillabelleoliveirapinto.pdf: 1398069 bytes, checksum: a26dbfa8bcbdf30a5d13755290af49b5 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T15:41:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscillabelleoliveirapinto.pdf: 1398069 bytes, checksum: a26dbfa8bcbdf30a5d13755290af49b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20
FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Considerando a possível relação entre o comércio intraindústria e o deslocamento de trabalhadores, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a Hipótese de Ajuste Suavizado (HAS) para a economia brasileira no período 1997 a 2008. Teoricamente, espera-se uma relação inversa entre o comércio intraindustrial marginal (Brülhart, 1994) e deslocamento do fator trabalho no fluxo de comércio externo. Na análise da HAS para o cenário brasileiro utilizou-se a abordagem econométrica de dados em painel dinâmico para o período de 1997 a 2008. Para tanto, foi necessária a compatibilização de três bancos de dados – CNAE 1.0, CNAE 2.0 e Nomenclatura Comum do Mercosul (NCM). Os resultados empíricos encontrados para o Brasil não confirmam a HAS, ou seja, a expansão de comércio intraindústria marginal não mostra significância estatística para afetar os custos de ajustes das indústrias de manufatura.
Considering the possible relationship between intra-industry trade and the displacement of workers, the aim of this paper is to analyze the “Smooth Adjustment Hypothesis” (HAS) for the Brazilian’s economy during 1997 a 2008. Theoretically, we expect an inverse relationship between the marginal intra-industry trade (Brülhart, 1994) and displacement of labor in the flow of foreign trade. In the analysis of SAH to the Brazilian scenario approach was used econometric dynamic panel data for the period 1997 to 2008. Therefore, it was necessary to reconcile three databases – CNAE 1.0, CNAE 2.0 and Mercosul Common Nomenclature (NCM). Empirical results were not found in Brazil according to HAS, ie, can not asset that intra-industry marginal causes the opposite effect the displacement of workers.