Academic literature on the topic 'Intra event study'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intra event study"
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Anderson, Sophia E., Bart Lubberts, Anne D. Strong, Daniel Guss, A. Holly Johnson, and Christopher W. DiGiovanni. "Adverse Events and Their Risk Factors Following Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections of the Ankle or Subtalar Joint." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719835759.
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Background: Little data exists regarding the incidence of adverse events and their associated risk factors following intra-articular corticosteroid injection of the ankle and subtalar joint. The aim of this study was to determine the complication rate associated with such injections and to identify any predictive risk factors. Methods: Adult patients who had received an intra-articular ankle or subtalar joint injection between January 2000 and April 2016 at one of 3 regional hospitals (2 level 1 trauma centers and 1 community hospital) were included. Patients with prior intra-articular injection of corticosteroid into the ankle or subtalar joint were excluded. Explanatory variables were sex, age, race, body mass index, diabetes status, tobacco use, presence of fluoroscopic guidance, location of intra-articular injection, and administering physician’s years of experience. Results: Of the 1708 patients included in the final cohort, 99 patients (5.8%) had a total of 104 adverse events within 90 days postinjection. The most prevalent types of adverse events were postinjection flare in 78 patients (4.6% of total cohort, 75% of adverse events) followed by skin reaction in 10 patients (0.6% of total cohort, 9% of adverse events). No infections were noted. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that intra-articular injection in the subtalar ( P = .004) was independently associated with development of an adverse event. Fluoroscopic guidance was not found to be protective of an adverse event compared to nonguided injections ( P = .476). Conclusion: The adverse event rate following intra-articular ankle or subtalar joint corticosteroid injection was 5.8%, with postinjection flare being the most common complication. Infections following injection were not reported. Injection into the subtalar joint was independently associated with the development of an adverse event after intra-articular corticosteroid injection, and this was not mitigated by the use of fluoroscopic guidance. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Beer, A. R., and J. M. Turowski. "Bedload transport controls intra-event bedrock erosion." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 3, no. 1 (January 6, 2015): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-3-53-2015.
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Abstract. Fluvial bedrock incision constrains the pace of mountainous landscape evolution. Fluvial erosion processes have been described with incision models that are widely applied in river reach and catchment scale studies. However, so far, no linked field data set at the process scale had been published that allows to assess model requirements and adequacy. Here, we evaluate the predictive power of various incision models on data on hydraulics, bedload transport and erosion recorded on an artificial bedrock slab installed in a steep mountain stream for a single bedload transport event. The influence of transported bedload on erosion rate (the "tools effect") is shown to be dominant while other effects are of minor importance. Hence, a simple temporal distributed incision model in which erosion rate is proportional to bedload transport rate is proposed for transient local studies. This model can be site-calibrated with temporally lumped bedload and erosion data and its applicability can be assessed by visual inspection of the study site. Basic discharge-based models like derivatives of the stream power model family however, are adequate to reproduce the overall trend of the observed erosion rate, at least for the event on hand. This is relevant for long-term studies of e.g. landscape evolution with no interest in transient local behaviour.
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RUHUL SALIM and SHAHRIAR KABIR. "THE IMMEDIATE IMPACT OF EURO ON INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE: AN EVENT STUDY APPROACH." Journal of Economic Development 35, no. 3 (September 2010): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35866/caujed.2010.35.3.002.
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Ford, William, Mark R. Williams, Megan B. Young, Kevin W. King, and Eric Fischer. "Assessing Intra-Event Phosphorus Dynamics in Drainage Water Using Phosphate Stable Oxygen Isotopes." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 4 (2018): 1379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12804.
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Abstract. Quantifying fluxes and pathways of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in tile-drained landscapes has been hampered by a lack of measurements that are sensitive to P fate and transport processes. One potential tool to help understand these dynamics is the oxygen isotope signature of phosphate (d18OPO4); however, its potential benefits and limitations are not well understood for intra-event dynamics at the field scale. The objectives of this study were to quantify intra-event variability of d18OPO4 signatures in tile drainage water and assess the efficacy of d18OPO4 to elucidate mechanisms and flow pathways controlling DRP transport to tile drains. We collected water samples during a summer storm event from a subsurface (tile)-drained field located in west-central Ohio and analyzed for d18OPO4 of DRP. Supplementary water quality measurements, hydrologic modeling, and soil temperature data were used to help understand intra-event d18OPO4 dynamics. Results of the soil extraction analysis from our study site highlight that the soil water-extractable P (WEP) pool was not in equilibrium with long-term, temperature-dependent water isotope values. This result suggests that P-rich soils may, at least partially, retain their original source signature, which has significant implications for identifying hotspots of P delivery in watershed-scale applications. Results of the storm event analysis highlight that equilibration of leached DRP in soil water creates a gradient between isotopic compositions of pre-event shallow subsurface sources, pre-event deep subsurface sources, and the WEP tied up in surface soils. The current study represents the first intra-event analysis of d18OPO4 and highlights the potential for phosphate oxygen isotopes as a novel tool to improve understanding of P fate and transport in artificially drained agroecosystems. Keywords: Agriculture, Edge-of-field, Macropores, Phosphate oxygen isotopes, Tile-drainage.
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Martin, Alexander R., Michelle L. Soupir, and Amy L. Kaleita. "Seasonal and Intra-Event Nutrient Levels in Farmed Prairie Potholes of the Des Moines Lobe." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13414.
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HighlightsNitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids concentrations were higher in early season inundation.Nitrate concentrations in farmed potholes decreased with multiday ponding.Farmed potholes act as hotspots, contributing P to drainage through surface intakes.Abstract. The prairie pothole region ranges from central Iowa to the northwest into Montana and south-central Canada, totaling around 700,000 km2. This area contains millions of potholes, or enclosed topographical depressions, which often inundate with rainfall. Many are located in areas that have been converted to agricultural land through installation of artificial drainage. However, even with drainage, potholes pond or remain saturated during and after significant rain events. In this two-year study, surface water depth was collected hourly (typically from after planting through harvest) from eight farmed potholes (drained and under corn-soybean rotation) on the Des Moines Lobe in central Iowa. Nutrient data were collected daily and tested for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) when inundation depth exceeded 10 cm. The data were analyzed in two ways. First, seasonal differences were investigated using samples from the first day of each inundation event. Surface water concentrations were higher in the early growing season than late season for total N (TN), NO3-N, NH3-N, total P (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Secondly, average event concentration changes were determined. Nitrate reductions occurred in 85% of multiday events, but these reductions were offset by increases in P. Total P and dissolved reactive P (DRP) had significant increases that averaged 0.51 and 0.46 mg L-1 per event, respectively, with event lengths of 2 to 19 days. This study demonstrates that inundated farmed potholes reduce NO3-N but serve as in-field hotspots, contributing elevated TP and DRP to drainage waters. When a surface intake directly connects inundated farmed potholes to drainage, new strategies, such as field management or engineered technologies, are needed to mitigate P export. This study is useful in informing policy regarding field management and conservation of farmed potholes. Keywords: Farmed wetland, Nitrogen, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Prairie pothole.
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Yavari, Shahla, Neil McIntyre, and Thomas Baumgartl. "An Empirical Analysis of Sediment Export Dynamics from a Constructed Landform in the Wet Tropics." Water 13, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081087.
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Although plot-scale erosion experiments are numerous, there are few studies on constructed landforms. This limits the understanding of their long-term stability, which is especially important for planning mined land rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the erosion processes in a 30 × 30 m trial plot on a mine waste rock dump in tropical northern Australia. The relationships between rainfall, runoff and suspended and bedload sediment export were assessed at annual, seasonal, inter-event and intra-event timescales. During a five-year study period, 231 rainfall–runoff–sediment export events were examined. The measured bedload and suspended sediments (mainly represented in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)) showed the dominance of the wet season and heavy rainfall events. The bedload dominated the total mass, although the annual bedload diminished by approximately 75% over the five years, with greater flow energy required over time to mobilise the same bedload. The suspended load was more sustained, though it also exhibited an exhaustion process, with equal rainfall and runoff volumes and intensities, leading to lower NTU values over time. Intra-event NTU dynamics, including runoff-NTU time lags and hysteretic behaviours, were somewhat random from one event to the next, indicating the influence of the antecedent distribution of mobilisable sediments. The value of the results for supporting predictive modelling is discussed.
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Dane, Gamze, Aloys Borgers, Deniz Ikiz Kaya, and Tao Feng. "Visitor Flows at a Large-Scale Cultural Event: GPS Tracking at Dutch Design Week." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110661.
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Large-scale cultural events bring many economic, social, and cultural benefits to the hosting cities. Although event producers aim to satisfy the visitors’ needs, they do not usually receive feedback on visitors’ experiences. Moreover, lack of spatial dispersal of visitors might result in less visibility for some activities and locations. An understanding of visitors’ spatial and temporal behavior and the factors influencing visitors’ intra-event destination choices is key to efficient and successful event management and future planning. In this article, we examine the relationship between visitors’ spatial and temporal behavior, the spatial structure of the host city, and visitor characteristics. In order to do this, data are collected from 281 event visitors by means of GPS tracking and paper surveys at the Dutch Design Week (DDW) 2017 event in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Data are used to understand the area of interest locations, visitor flows, visitor clusters and area of interest choices by applying data processing, network analysis, cluster analysis and bivariate analysis. The results show that one of the three dedicated event areas was considerably less popular by the DDW visitors. Moreover, the choice of intra-event destination locations and areas depended mainly on temporal constraints of the visitors. The findings of this study can inform future event planning and management policies in hosting cities.
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Chand Choudhary, Ramesh, Bhoopendra Patel, Umesh Kumar, Minal Kachhawa, Mrinal Sharma, and Amitabh Dube. "Comparative study of event-related potential responses within syllables of intra and inter phoneme classes." Neuropsychological Trends, no. 35 (April 2024): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/neur-2024-035-chou.
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The present study was carried out to assess the signature neural dynamics as evinced through event-related potential (ERP) responses of the P300 waveform across different inter and intra phoneme consonant classes and to quantify the differential neural dynamical response in real-time. The ERP responses to non-sense three-syllable consonantvowel transitions CVCVCV non-words were recorded on 26 healthy individuals of either sex with an age group of 18–25 years. The first syllable of the non-sense word was always fixed, and the ERP responses of the middle syllable were recorded at the phoneme level, and the ERP responses elicited by the middle syllable were evaluated. The results of the present study documented that different consonant phoneme classes (plosives, fricatives, affricatives, liquids, and nasals) elicited differential neural dynamical responses as observed through the P300 waveform response, exhibiting a significant difference in P300 waveform amplitude across the fricatives vs. nasals experimental design.
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Pak, Daewoo, Chenxi Li, and David Todem. "Semiparametric analysis of correlated and interval-censored event-history data." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 9 (July 20, 2018): 2754–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218788383.
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We propose a semiparametric multi-state frailty model to analyze clustered event-history data subject to interval censoring. The proposed model is motivated by an attempt to study the life course of dental caries at the tooth level, taking into account the multiplicity of caries states and the intra-oral clustering of observations made at periodic time points. Of particular interest is the study of the intra-oral distribution of processes leading to carious lesions, and whether this distribution varies with gender. The model assumes, in view of the covariate profile, a proportionality of the transition intensities conditional on subject-level frailties, coupled with a linear spline approximation of the log baseline intensities. The model estimation is conducted using a penalized likelihood where the smoothing parameters are estimated as reciprocal variance components under a mixed-model representation. A Bayesian method is proposed to predict tooth-level caries transition probabilities, which can be used for tailoring tooth-level caries treatment and prevention plans. Intensive simulation studies indicate that the model fitting and prediction perform reasonably well under realistic sample sizes. The practical utility of the methods is illustrated using data from a longitudinal study on oral health among children from low-income families residing in the city of Detroit, Michigan.
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Han, Tingting, Mingjun Zhang, Shengjie Wang, Deye Qu, and Qinqin Du. "Sub-Hourly Variability of Stable Isotopes in Precipitation in the Marginal Zone of East Asian Monsoon." Water 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 2145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082145.
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Isotope data at mid-latitude locations are commonly available on annual, monthly, and daily timescales; however, they are rarely available for the variations occurring on the sub-hourly scale within individual precipitation events. To fill this gap, sub-hourly (every 10 min) sequential samples were collected for nine precipitation events, and the δ18O values of the individual events were analyzed from June to October 2019 in Lanzhou, Northwest China. The Sequential Meteoric Water Line (SMWL) correlation between δ2H and δ18O is δ2H = 7.33 δ18O + 9.78 (R2 = 0.97, N = 170). All events had a similar decreasing variability pattern in the initial period (before the vertical gray dotted line), while during the later period (after the vertical gray dotted line), negative δ18O values dominated, exhibiting a different pattern. Variations in the δ18O values were about 1–5‰ during most intra-events. We found that δ18O values mainly exhibit three patterns in the intra-event, namely a “V”-shaped pattern, an “L”-shaped pattern, and a decreasing pattern. Positive δ18O values are controlled by re-evaporation in the beginning period. Relative humidity has no effect on the δ18O values of precipitation events, mainly because dry and warm conditions are conducive to the evaporation of rainwater in the study region. The changes in the isotopic characteristics of precipitation are closely linked to the regional climate. The continuous analysis of precipitation samples revealed that the rapid change of δ18O values is related to different moisture sources and transport paths. A new air mass with enriched heavy isotope intrusion can change the isotopic composition in the intra-event.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intra event study"
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Xu, Zhengyang. "Contagion and Competitive Intra-industry Effects of Default Announcements Evidence from Chinese Bond Market." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1375.
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In this paper I analyzed the intra-industry competitive and contagion effect during bond defaults in China. The analysis is performed using bond price, since the Chinese stock market is immature and has incredible amount of volatility. The sample includes 15 cases of default across 10 different industries since 2014, and the cumulative effect of the industry portfolio is positive over 11-day event window (competitive effect) with a t-statistic of 6.22. In addition, I found that SOE defaults overall have a significant positive abnormal return on their industry portfolios during 11-day event window with a t-statistic of 4.72, indicating a competitive effect. In contrast, Non-SOE defaults overall have a significant negative abnormal return on their industry portfolios over 3-day window with a t-statistic of -3.36, showing a contagion effect. But this difference could be due to the characteristics of industries as opposed to the nature of SOE. By analyzing the condition and characteristics of each industry, I found that the significance of abnormal return depends on the level of competition of the industry and the level of information available. In terms of contagion and competitive effect, industries showing a contagion effect offer products that are difficult to differentiate, such as cement and water bottle. Industries showing a competitive effect offer products that are highly specialized and rely heavily on technology innovation, such as the special equipment industry and electric equipment industry.
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Nyirenda, Misheck. "The Bible through African eyes : a comparative study of the epistemology in the hermeneutics of indigenous preachers in eastern Zambia with that in select intra-biblical appropriations and re-appropriations of the Exodus event and its ramifications for African biblical hermeneutical methods." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30595.
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The Bible Through African Eyes, is a comparative study of the epistemologies in primary research data from Zambia and select intra-biblical appropriations and re-appropriations of the Exodus event with a view to delineate continuities between them and to use these as a basis for African biblical hermeneutical methods. It is based on the hypothesis that the two epistemologies are similar. The thesis belongs to philosophical hermeneutics, cultural anthropology and biblical studies. The thesis addresses the imperative and identifies a basis for Africans to undertake biblical hermeneutics from African socio-cultural realities and epistemological constitution. It presumes that Modern Christian Missions to Africa were framed and propagated through a Western worldview and socio-cultural realities. It associates the historical critical method with the epistemological interests of modernity. The thesis regards the post colony as epistemological space for the once-colonised to participate in biblical scholarship from their own epistemological constitutions and social-cultural realities. Finally, it argues that epistemological continuities between the Zambian and the biblical material provide a base on which Africans can articulate biblical hermeneutic theory that is rooted in their socio-cultural realities and epistemology and is empathetic to the socio-cultural realities and epistemology in the biblical texts. The thesis will offer critical evaluation of the hermeneutics and homiletics of selected preachers in Eastern Province, Zambia, and the hermeneutics in select intra-biblical appropriations and re-appropriations of the Exodus event under the three scholarly disciplines mentioned above with a view to establish the epistemologies in them. It will compare these epistemologies to establish continuities. These continuities form the basis for articulating African biblical hermeneutical methods and establish the value of the epistemology in the Zambian data for biblical scholarship as an alternative to the ongoing hegemony of Western epistemology in biblical scholarship in Africa.
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Audoux, Thomas. "Approches expérimentales pour l’étude et la caractérisation des dépôts humides d’aérosols atmosphériques par les précipitations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UNIP7332.
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Dans le cadre de mon travail de thèse, je me suis intéressé aux aérosols atmosphériques et à leur transfert de l’atmosphère vers les surfaces terrestres par les précipitations. La stratégie générale que j’ai suivie repose sur l’observation des dépôts humides sur différentes échelles de temps, interannuelle d’une part et intraévènementielle de l’autre. Elle repose aussi sur leur observation dans des environnements marqués en termes de charge et de composition en aérosols, mais aussi de dynamiques atmosphériques et de précipitations. Le fait de combiner des mesures à la fois sur la composition de l’atmosphère et sur la composition des dépôts humides permet d’identifier la nature des dépôts (intensité, composition, source et provenance) et d’expliquer les phénomènes impliqués dans les dépôts. Cela passe par la documentation complète de différents paramètres (aérosols, dynamique, pluie, dépôt) sur les mêmes périodes de temps, ce qui est néanmoins complexe à mettre en oeuvre. Les deux axes de mon travail portent sur des questions distinctes et complémentaires de l’étude des dépôts humides.Le premier axe s’est porté sur les dépôts humides au Sahel, région semi-aride où le lessivage des poussières minérales de l’atmosphère est un processus clé pour contraindre le bilan atmosphérique en masse de ces composés. Dans cette région marquée par la présence de nombreux systèmes convectifs contrôlant les quantités de précipitations annuelles, la question sur les liens entre dynamiques atmosphériques et dépôts s’est alors posée. La stratégie d’observation long-terme mis en place sur les stations au Sahel dans le cadre du réseau INDAAF, avec une synergie autour de mesures météorologiques, de concentrations et de dépôts d’aérosols, a permis de constituer une base de données très complète. À partir de cette base de données pluriannuelle aux stations de Banizoumbou (Niger) et de Cinzana (Mali) de 2007 et 2015, l’identification de phénomène de cold pools (gouttes froides) à partir de données météorologiques de surface et leur lien avec les retombées de poussières minérales sont discutés. Les ratios de lessivage ont été calculés pour les évènements associés aux cold pools et varient sur plusieurs ordres de grandeur en fonction de l’effet de dilution qui diffère selon les régimes de concentrations atmosphériques en poussière minérale. Les évènements les plus convectifs associés à des concentrations élevées présentent une gamme de valeurs moins dispersée (319 – 766) qui ne dépend pas de la quantité de précipitation.Le second axe s’est focalisé sur l’étude intraévènementielle des dépôts en milieu urbain pour diverses situations de pluie, de concentration et composition en aérosols. Que peut nous apprendre le suivi des dépôts au cours d’un évènement de pluie ? Pour y répondre, j’ai tout d’abord participé au développement d’un collecteur me permettant de collecter les dépôts humides en fractions successives au cours de la pluie. Complétées par un ensemble de mesures colocalisées sur les aérosols et les dynamiques atmosphériques acquises sur le terrain pour 8 cas d’étude, les analyses chimiques des dépôts dissouts et particulaires m’ont permis de discuter à la fois la provenance des aérosols, mais aussi les processus mis en jeu. J’ai pu quantifier la décroissance des concentrations, même de composés traces, dans les dépôts au cours de la pluie. J’ai également pu documenter l’évolution de la solubilité pour les espèces chimiques des dépôts et discuter des poids relatifs des mécanismes de lessivage dans- (rainout) et sous- (washout) le nuage. La variabilité des dépôts observée au cours d’un évènement est au final aussi importante que celle observée entre évènements de pluieIn the work conducted for my thesis, I studied atmospheric aerosols and their transfer from the atmosphere to the surface by precipitation. The main strategy I followed is based on the observation of wet deposition on different time scales, interannual on one hand and intra-event on the other. It also relies on their observation in environments marked in terms of aerosol load and composition, but also in terms of atmospheric dynamics and precipitation. Combining measurements on both atmospheric and wet deposition compositions allows to identify the characteristics of the deposition (intensity, composition, source and origin) and to explain the phenomena involved in the deposition. This requires the complete documentation of different parameters (aerosols, dynamics, rainfall, deposition) over the same periods of time, which is nevertheless complex to implement. The two axes of my work deal with distinct and complementary issues in the study of wet deposition.The first focus has been on wet deposition in the Sahel, a semi-arid region where the scavenging of mineral dust from the atmosphere is a key process to constrain the atmospheric mass balance of these compounds. In this region marked by the presence of numerous convective systems controlling annual precipitation amounts, the question of the links between atmospheric dynamics and deposition was addressed. The long-term observation strategy implemented at stations in the Sahel as part of the INDAAF network, with a synergy of meteorological measurements, aerosol concentrations and deposition, has enabled the creation of a very complete database. From this multi-year dataset at Banizoumbou (Niger) and Cinzana (Mali) stations from 2007 and 2015, the identification of cold pools phenomena from surface meteorological data and their link with mineral dust deposition are discussed. Washout ratios have been calculated for cold pool events and vary over several orders of magnitude depending on the dilution effect which differs according to the levels of atmospheric aerosol concentrations. The most convective events associated with high concentrations have a less scattered range of values (319 – 766) that does not depend on the amount of precipitation.The second axis focused on the intra-event study of wet deposition in urban areas for various rainfall situations, aerosol concentration and composition. The question is: what can we learn from the monitoring of deposition during a rain event? To answer this, I first participated in the development of a collector allowing me to collect wet deposition in successive fractions during the rain event. Complemented by a set of co-located measurements on aerosols and atmospheric dynamics acquired in the field for 8 study cases, the chemical analyses of dissolved and particulate deposition allowed me to discuss both the origin of the aerosols and processes involved. I was able to quantify the decay of concentrations, even of trace compounds, in the deposits during rainfall. I was also able to document the evolution of solubility for chemical species in the deposition and discuss the relative contribution of the rainout and washout mechanisms. The variability of deposition observed during an event is actually as significant as that observed between rain events
Books on the topic "Intra event study"
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Wassermann, Eric M. Inter- and intra-individual variation in the response to TMS. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0026.
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The variable amplitude of motor cortex is a striking aspect of the muscle response to transcranial magnetic stimulation. It is easy to produce large motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) in some healthy subjects, while others' cortico-muscular pathways seem barely excitable, even by the strongest available stimuli. MEP amplitude and other measures also vary widely within individuals over time. The factors of these differences among and within individuals are age, gross anatomy of the individuals, genetic factors, and physiological differences associated with behavioural and other traits such as personality, conditions like migraine. The MEP varies over time within individuals at rest under laboratory conditions. These variations can be short term or long term. Differences among neurologically normal individuals have important implications for research using TMS. These differences open doors to new fields of study to neurophysiologists in the treatment and etiology of brain disease.
Book chapters on the topic "Intra event study"
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Hasse, Anja. "Chapter 7. Stability of inflectional variation." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 202–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.234.07has.
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Free morphological variation is an understudied phenomenon; however, it is implicitly included in studies on overabundance. In the inflection of the indefinite article in Zurich German, we find overabundance of the dative masculine/neuter cell over a timespan of nearly 200 years. As this study shows, instances of overabundance or (possibly) free variation have to be analysed in great detail. In Zurich German, we see a complex picture of free variation in certain linguistic contexts and conditioned variation in other contexts. This instance of morphological variation in Zurich German is quite stable, which contradicts the hypothesis that morphological variation is always a transitional stage of a changing inflectional system, and it even exists at the intra-individual level.
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Milne, Catherine, Colin Hennessy Elliott, Adam Devitt, and Kathryn Scantlebury. "Learning from Flint: How Matter Imposes Itself in the Anthropocene and What That Means for Education." In Palgrave Studies in Education and the Environment, 245–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79622-8_15.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we explore one aspect of the Anthropocene, the vital, vibrant connections between life and matter (Whatmore, Cultural Geographies 13(4):600–609, 2006.). Drawing on the effectivity of water as a solution and the “Flint water crisis,” we explore how humans tend not to notice matter unless it brings an effect upon them. Our approach follows Melinda Benson, (Natural Resources Journal 59:251–280, 2019) in seeking to decenter human exceptionalism and explore the chemical and biological actors relationally engaged in a system with humans engendering phenomena that are unpredictable as we demonstrate in a case study of the City of Flint and its access to drinking water for humans. As this case highlights, often matter only becomes noticed when it establishes an ontological disturbance forcing itself on human experience and becoming noticed in the process. Important elements of such “noticing” are tied up with the human-material intra-actions engendering phenomena that is shaped by race and geographic history. Rather than constructing Flint and other examples as emergencies or crises that need to be solved, education should explore the dynamic nature of these events and the intra-actions of all elements. This approach offers one strategy for transforming what K–12 science education looks like for both developing scientists and everyday citizens.
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Peng-Keller, Simon, and David Neuhold. "A Short History of Documenting Spiritual Care." In Charting Spiritual Care, 11–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47070-8_2.
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Abstract The first chapter of this edited volume traces the history of documenting spiritual care. By referring to ancient and early modern practices, the relationship between spiritual (self-) care and various forms of documentation is outlined. The focus lies on developments in the twentieth and the twenty-first century, although the question of what constitutes an adequate practice of documenting healthcare chaplaincy is as old as the profession itself. The pioneers of Clinical Pastoral Education (CPE) – Richard Cabot, Anton Boisen, Russell L. Dicks, and others – developed distinctive forms of recording for different purposes. For example, procedures of documentation that are prepared for and helpful to the pastors themselves as “self-criticism,” “self-improvement,” or even “self-revelation” have been distinguished from documentation practices that are intra- or interprofessional. Regarding more recent developments in documentation, the introduction of electronic patient records (EMRs) was critical. We present a case study from Kenya to show how the issues discussed here are encountered in a non-Euro-American context.
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McClymont, Juliet, and Robin H. Crompton. "Repetition Without Repetition: A Comparison of the Laetoli G1, Ileret, Namibian Holocene and Modern Human Footprints Using Pedobarographic Statistical Parametric Mapping." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 41–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_3.
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AbstractIt is traditionally held that early hominins of the genusAustralopithecushad a foot transitional in function between that of the other great apes and our own but that the appearance of genusHomowas marked by evolution of an essentially biomechanically modern foot, as well as modern body proportions. Here, we report the application of whole foot, pixel-wise topological statistical analysis, to compare four populations of footprints from across evolutionary time:Australopithecusat Laetoli (3.66 Ma, Tanzania), early AfricanHomofrom Ileret (1.5 Ma, Kenya) and recent modern (presumptively habitually barefoot) pastoralistHomo sapiensfrom Namibia (Holocene), with footprints from modern Western humans. Contrary to some previous analyses, we find that only limited areas of the footprints show any statistically significant difference in footprint depth (used here as an analogy for plantar pressure). A need for this comparison was highlighted by recent studies using the same statistical approach, to examine variability in the distribution of foot pressure in modern Western humans. This study revealed very high intra-variability (mean square error) step-to-step in over 500 steps. This result exemplifies the fundamental movement characteristic of dynamic biological systems, whereby regardless of the repetition in motor patterns for stepping, and even when constrained by experimental conditions, each step is unique or non-repetitive; hence, repetition without repetition. Thus, the small sample sizes predominant in the fossil and ichnofossil record do not reveal the fundamental neurobiological driver of locomotion (variability), essentially limiting our ability to make reliable interpretations which might be extrapolated to interpret hominin foot function at a population level. However, our need for conservatism in our conclusions does not equate with a conclusion that there has been functional stasis in the evolution of the hominin foot.
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Guccione, Laura, Luigi Mosca, Luca Scartozzi, Emanuele Crincoli, Romina Fasciani, Tomaso Caporossi, and Stanislao Rizzo. "Correction of Refractive Errors after Corneal Transplantation." In Vision Correction and Eye Surgery [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101830.
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Even after a successful keratoplasty with a clear graft, a high postoperative refractive error could occur too hard to correct with spectacles or contact lenses. Therefore, refractive surgery could be considered a good tool to correct these high postoperative defects. The authors showed the reasons involved in the refractive errors after successful penetrating (PKP) or lamellar transplantation (DALK), pre-, intra-, and post-operatively. Moreover, they presented different techniques to correct the refractive errors after transplantation for different corneal pathologies, in the plastic phase (managing of transplant sutures) as well as in the static phase (different refractive techniques: incisional (AK, FemtoAK), ablative (PRK, FemtoLASIK), or IOL implantation (Phakic IOL, PHACO + IOL)). Thus, it is necessary to study accurately every single clinical case to choose the best surgery for each patient. Due to the high risk of graft damage or graft rejection, the patient must be adequately informed about the risks and benefits of the surgery proposed and must specifically accept the possibility of a new corneal transplant in the event of surgery failure or graft damage. Certainly, the refractive surgeon must be able in managing all the different refractive surgery techniques to reach the best result in every single case.
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Smith, Matthew J., Phil D. J. Birch, and Dave Bright. "Identifying Stressors and Coping Strategies of Elite Esports Competitors." In Research Anthology on Business Strategies, Health Factors, and Ethical Implications in Sports and eSports, 895–914. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7707-3.ch048.
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Researchers have examined some of the psychological aspects of competing at a high level in esports. The present study aims to build on this literature by examining the various stressors faced and the associated coping strategies employed by seven esports competitors. The interviews were inductively analysed, and the findings illustrated a range of internal (e.g., communication issues, lack of shared team goals) and external (e.g., event audience, media interviews) stressors that the participants faced. Following this, the coping strategies used to deal with these stressors were deductively analysed. A number of emotion- (e.g., breathing, relaxation), problem- (e.g., intra-team communication after matches), and approach- (e.g., team camps, delegating roles) coping strategies were described by participants. Avoidance coping strategies were predominantly highlighted as being used during games. Results are considered in line with how applied practitioners might support players to develop strategies to deal with stressors, which might in turn lead to performance enhancements.
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"The Evolution of Poultry Farming in the European Union." In Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability, 217–46. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-8923-9.ch008.
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Poultry meat has a relevant weight in the diet of the European Union citizens, considering their properties for human health and the characteristics of the associated sectors. The questions here are to understand the implications of the most recent occurrences worldwide on the poultry sector, including in the international markets. In this context, this study aims to assess the consequences of the pandemic and recent conflicts in the European Union poultry farming. Statistical information from Eurostat was considered for the period January 2019 – September 2022 for the following variables related to the chicks of laying hen breeds (laying): chicks hatched, eggs placed in incubation, exports intra-EU, exports – total, exports extra-EU, imports intra-EU, imports – total, imports extra-EU. The implications from the most recent events seem modest in this sector, including in the international markets.
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Telkki, Ville-Veikko. "Fast 2D NMR to Study Microstructures." In Fast 2D Solution-state NMR, 509–28. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839168062-00509.
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In addition to standard solution state chemical analysis, NMR spectroscopy is also a powerful method for the studies of microstructures of solid materials. In addition to solid-state NMR, solid materials can be studied by solution state NMR techniques using either inherent or external probe fluids. This chapter is devoted to fast solution state NMR methods for studying microstructures of hard and soft matter. The first part concentrates on methods relying on chemical shift contrast. Particularly, it focuses on 129Xe NMR of xenon gas, which is broadly used in the investigations of porous materials as well as biosensor applications. It describes how spin exchange optical pumping and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) techniques can be exploited to enhance the sensitivity of experiment up to seven orders of magnitude. Furthermore, it explains how CEST spectra can be measured in a single scan using spatial encoding. The second part is devoted to relaxation and diffusion contrast. It elucidates the principles of ultrafast multidimensional relaxation and diffusion experiments and describes how those experiments can be exploited in the studies of porous materials, aggregation of surfactants, intra- and extracellular metabolites in cancer cell suspensions, etc., even with low field single sided NMR devices.
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Kuo, Raymond C. "Great Powers and Strategic Constraints." In Following the Leader, 68–90. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503628434.003.0004.
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The book’s first case study demonstrates how the dominant strategy constrains even the great powers’ alliance choices. It explores the core European pacts between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia from 1873–1890. These countries repeatedly established alliances to solidify their security relations, and they repeatedly failed. Austria-Hungary prevented Germany from displacing it from the heart of Berlin’s alliance strategy. Consequently, these three conservative empires were unable to manage deep, intra-allied disputes. Network constraints prevented the fluid, transactional balancing strategies, contributing to World War I’s onset.
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Stauder-Porchet, Julie, Elizabeth Frood, and Andréas Stauder. "Introduction." In Ancient Egyptian Biographies, 1–6. Lockwood Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5913/2020280.intro.
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(Auto-)biography is a genre of ancient Egyptian written discourse that was central to high culture from its earli- est periods. Inscribed in hieroglyphs, the formal, display-oriented, and sacralizing variety of the Egyptian script, these texts belonged to the nonroyal elites. They present, with rare exceptions in the first person, aspects of in- dividual lives and experience, sometimes as narratives of key events, sometimes as characterizations of personal qualities, often bringing about a configuration of the speaker with distinguished beings or realities such as the king, the gods, or order (Maat). Thousands of such texts are known from the mid-third millennium BCE to early Roman times, undergoing significant changes over time. Their interpretation has proved difficult. Even the labels “biography” and “autobiography” are controversial within Egyptology, as the titles of the essays in this volume show. Here, “biography” will be used as a neutral term, as in the title of the volume, but making exceptions in reference to those articles whose authors use “autobi- ography.” The texts that we often conventionally term as biographies (or autobiographies) frustrate expectations associated with Western definitions of the similarly termed types of discourse, which may be misleading more than anything else in studying the Egyptian material. Egyptian biographical texts underwent significant changes in format, materiality, contexts, configurations of language, and functions over the three thousand years of their history. Despite such variety, they are intuitively recognized as a specific type of Egyptian written discourse, differentiated from other types (e.g., literary or funerary) by particular constraints of decorum and specific func- tions. Examining these issues in further detail remains a major desideratum. In addition, various topics relevant to the study of Egyptian biography, with their associated frameworks, have become increasingly specialized. The present volume seeks to begin to bridge these growing disciplinary divisions by bringing together specialists from a range of relevant periods, approaches, and interests. We do not intend to provide a “handbook” to Egyptian biography, nor to define categories, but we wish to present a range of approaches to give a sense of the state of play and raise possibilities for the future.
Conference papers on the topic "Intra event study"
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Zhang, Sai, and Zhegang Ma. "Incorporating FLEX Strategies in Multi-Unit Probabilistic Risk Assessment." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16889.
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Abstract The catastrophic Fukushima nuclear accident reminded the nuclear community about potential extreme accident scenarios, including those involving multiple reactor units on the same site. In response to the Fukushima accident, the nuclear power industry developed and implemented a series of strategies, including Diverse and Flexible Coping Strategies (FLEX), to enhance the capacities of nuclear power plants (NPPs) to cope with extreme accidents. This study examines the impact of FLEX strategies on the overall risk from all reactor units located at the same NPP site, including risks from accidents involving either a single unit or multiple units. The fundamental, methodological element of this study is Multi-Unit Probabilistic Risk Assessment (MUPRA) requiring a shift in Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) from a one-reactor-at-a-time mindset to a consideration of all reactors sharing a site. An integrated modeling approach for multi-unit event sequence development is leveraged to develop the MUPRA model and address intra-unit and inter-unit dependencies. Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations (SAPHIRE), a PRA software developed and maintained by Idaho National Laboratory for the United States (U.S.) Nuclear Regulatory Commission, serves as the platform for MUPRA modeling. This study selects loss of offsite power (LOOP) as a representative initiating event potentially occurring on a generic two-unit NPP site and impacting both reactor units. First, an MUPRA model, including multi-unit event trees, is developed to obtain single-unit and multi-unit accident scenarios. Next, different FLEX strategies are assumed; for example, whether FLEX equipment for multiple units can be used in a cross-connected manner. Lastly, the effectiveness of each postulated FLEX strategy is evaluated by incorporating the corresponding FLEX equipment and deployment logic into the MUPRA model.
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Ding, Yiwei, Wenjin Deng, Yinglin Zheng, Pengfei Liu, Meihong Wang, Xuan Cheng, Jianmin Bao, Dong Chen, and Ming Zeng. "I²R-Net: Intra- and Inter-Human Relation Network for Multi-Person Pose Estimation." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/120.
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In this paper, we present the Intra- and Inter-Human Relation Networks I²R-Net for Multi-Person Pose Estimation. It involves two basic modules. First, the Intra-Human Relation Module operates on a single person and aims to capture Intra-Human dependencies. Second, the Inter-Human Relation Module considers the relation between multiple instances and focuses on capturing Inter-Human interactions. The Inter-Human Relation Module can be designed very lightweight by reducing the resolution of feature map, yet learn useful relation information to significantly boost the performance of the Intra-Human Relation Module. Even without bells and whistles, our method can compete or outperform current competition winners. We conduct extensive experiments on COCO, CrowdPose, and OCHuman datasets. The results demonstrate that the proposed model surpasses all the state-of-the-art methods. Concretely, the proposed method achieves 77.4% AP on CrowPose dataset and 67.8% AP on OCHuman dataset respectively, outperforming existing methods by a large margin. Additionally, the ablation study and visualization analysis also prove the effectiveness of our model.
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Manojlović, Sanja, Ana Petrović, and Tanja Srejić. "INTRA-ANNUAL DYNAMICS DISSOLVED SOLIDS AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT IN THE EXTREME HIDROLOGICAL EVENTS – CASE STUDY NIŠAVA RIVER." In 8th International Scientific Conference GEOBALCANICA 2022. Geobalcanica society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18509/gbp22019m.
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Abraham, Christine, John Rodriguez, Jenni Buckley, Shane Burch, and Mohammad Diab. "An Evaluation of the Accuracy of Computer Assisted Surgery in Preoperatively Three Dimensionally Planned Periacetabular Osteotomies." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206222.
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Adults with unresolved developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often warrant Pelvic Periacetabular Osteotomy (PAO). Making the correct osteotomies, and then finding the “ideal” position of the acetabular fragment is difficult, even for the experienced surgeon. Due to its 3-D nature, need for precision, and limited direct visualization of the surgical site, the PAO procedure is a good candidate for Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS). Using CAS, a virtual image is created, which is then used to navigate through the procedure in real time. Improved imaging hardware, along with intra-operative navigation systems have the potential to reduce complication rates, and lessen the learning curve in the inexperienced surgeon. PAO cuts have been made using intra-operative navigation and acetabular fragments have been positioned in pre-operative computer models. As of yet, modeled PAO cuts have not been used to navigate intraoperative cuts. Furthermore, modeled acetabular positioning has not been combined with intra-operative navigation to position fragments. The aim of this study is to prove the utility of pre-operative 3D imaging, PAO osteotomy planning and acetabular fragment positioning with computer software. These modeled images can be used to complete highly accurate and effective PAO surgeries.
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Sengupta, S. "Understanding The Mesozoics Beyond Basalt: A Case Study Of Sub-Basalt Imaging." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-g-434.
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The Deccan Volcanic Province of India is considered as one of the largest basalts-covered regions in the world, formed due to extensive outpouring of basaltic lavas during Deccan volcanism (∼65 Ma). The sedimentary sequence below the flood basalt is mainly characterized by Mesozoic strata with a varying thickness of 1000 m to 2500 m. It is considered that requisite heat generation due to Deccan Trap volcanism soon after the Cretaceous sedimentation may have acted as a catalyst in hydrocarbon potential in this area (Vardhan et al. 2008). However, it is essentially unexplored because of the limitations of conventional marine streamer P-wave seismic acquisition in imaging the structures both intra-basalt and sub-basalt. The major challenges can be considered as follows: Strong reflections due to high impedance contrasts at the top (and bottom) of the basalts leading to significant loss of transmitted seismic energy; Scattering of energy due to large acoustic impedance contrast at top and bottom of the basalt; Generation of multiples, both surface-related and interbed, from the top and bottom of the basalt, and intra-basalt boundaries, masking genuine primary reflections at the pre-basasediments; Significant attenuation of seismic energy in the basaltic sequences due to its complex internal structure generally causing weak sub-basasignal; Low signal-to-noise ratio creating ambiguity in estimating accurate velocity model of subsurface. This case study demonstrates that, even with legacy marine streamer surveys, an appropriate workflow of combining suitable advanced technologies can help to overcome the long-standing challenges of sub-basalt imaging. The reprocessed data show clear uplift in the sub-basalt imaging and the inversion results validate the quality of the new data in relation to the well logs.
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Higo, Eishiro, Shota Soga, and Hiromichi Miura. "Inter-Unit Common Cause Failure Analysis Based on Data From Intra-Unit Cases." In 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering collocated with the ASME 2020 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone2020-16819.
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Abstract This study provides an inter-unit common cause failure (CCF) analysis method utilizing the international CCF database. The inter-unit CCF is one of the possible major risks at a site with multiple units. The conventional CCF analysis is based on the CCF database, in which inter-unit CCF events rarely occur in real nuclear power plants. The conventional approach cannot be directly applied to inter-unit CCF cases because of the lack of data. The method ignores the asymmetricity among units, so it may lead to overly conservative outcomes if it is applied to inter-unit CCF. We have proposed a new concept, “commonality factor,” which represents the degree of similarity among components in different units and showed a concept that the inter-unit CCF probability can be expressed in terms of the intra-unit CCF probability with the commonality factor. The commonality factor is approximated based on CCF coupling factors, which tie two or more failures together as a CCF. This study explains how to estimate the commonality factor by analyzing the conventional CCF database and judging commonality among components from different units. The proposed method is demonstrated through two preliminary examples.
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Rose, Martin, Peter Schu¨pbach, and Michel Mansour. "The Thermodynamics of Wake Blade Interaction in Axial Flow Turbines: Combined Experimental and Computational Study." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59655.
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This paper reports on insights into the detailed thermodynamics of axial turbine NGV wakes as they interact with the rotor blades. The evidence presented is both computational and experimental. Unsteady RANS simulations are used to compare the experimental observations with theoretical predictions. Output processing with both Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches is used to track the property variation of the fluid particles. The wake is found to be hot and loses heat to the surrounding fluid. The Lagrangian output processing shows that the entropy of the wake will fall due to heat loss as it passes through the rotor and this is corroborated experimentally. The experimental vehicle is a one-and-a-half stage shroudless turbine with modest Mach numbers of 0.5 and high response instrumentation. The entropy reduction of the wake is determined to be about four times the average entropy rise of the whole flow across the rotor. The results show that the work done by the wake fluid on the rotor is approximately 24% lower than that of the free-stream. The apparent experimental efficiency of the wake fluid is 114% but the overall efficiency of the turbine at mid-height is around 95%. It is concluded that intra-fluid heat transfer has a strong impact on the loss distribution even in a nominally adiabatic turbine with moderate row exit Mach numbers of 0.5.
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Cheriyan, Sony, Paulo Flores, and Hamid M. Lankarani. "Computational and Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Systems With Revolute Clearance Joints." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12595.
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The main objective of this work is to present a computational and experimental study on the contact forces developed in revolute clearance joints. For this purpose, a well-known slider-crank mechanism with a revolute clearance joint between the connecting rod and slider is utilized. The intra-joint contact forces that generated at this clearance joints are computed by considered several different elastic and dissipative approaches, namely those based on the Hertz contact theory and the ESDU tribology-based for cylindrical contacts, along with a hysteresis-type dissipative damping. The normal contact force is augmented with the dry Coulomb’s friction force. An experimental apparatus is use to obtained some experimental data in order to verify and validate the computational models. From the outcomes reported in this paper, it is concluded that the selection of the appropriate contact force model with proper dissipative damping plays a significant role in the dynamic response of mechanical systems involving contact events at low or moderate impact velocities.
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Vanags, Edmunds. "A Qualitative Analysis of Affect Signs in Telecommunication Dialogues." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.01.
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There is growing evidence in the science of psychology that affective phenomena are not homogeneous and that their manifestations may vary across cultures and under the influence of contextual and demographic factors. Given that there is no clear universal expression of emotions and mood in human behavioral processes, it is necessary to continue to study the heterogeneity of the observed features in language and speech. This qualitative study analyzes the dialogues of 40 individuals in the field of telecommunications and, using a content analysis and phenomenological approach, describes lexical and non-lexical signs that could indicate features of affect. It can be observed that complete saturation has not been obtained within the framework of these data, which may indicate a wide variation of verbal and non-verbal affect features at both intra-individual and inter-individual levels and indicate different possible dialects of affect features. In addition, inter-rater reliability was determined and its results suggest that the determination of affective features may be subjective, contextual, in the absence of predefined reference criteria even in valence and activation dimensions of core affect.
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Nandha Kumar, E., K. S. Athira, Subhradeep Chatterjee, and Dheepa Srinivasan. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Structure and Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Inconel 939." In 2022 International Additive Manufacturing Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iam2022-93945.
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Abstract Additive manufacturing of high gamma prime (γ’) Nickel-based superalloys are challenging due to their hot cracking tendency. This study comprises an understanding of microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of Inconel 939 (IN939) alloy processed via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The as-printed samples comprised of columnar grains along the build direction with a pronounced <100> texture resulting in ∼17% lower elastic modulus along the build direction as compared to the builds in transverse orientation. The microstructure consists of cellular and columnar dendrites with segregation of Nb, Ta and Si in the inter-dendritic regions (decorating the cell boundaries). Occurrence of fine (< 50 nm) intra granular carbides in the as printed condition is a unique feature of this microstructure. Heat treatment resulted in dissolution of the dendritic microstructure with precipitation of semi-coherent γ’ (Ni3(Al,Ti)) precipitates (150–200 nm) homogeneously from the matrix resulting in ∼16% enhanced yield strength. The <100> texture is retained even after the solution and aging heat treatment indicating thermal stability of this structure.
Reports on the topic "Intra event study"
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Martínez, Caludia, and Raimundo Smith. Maternal Child Penalties and Children with Disabilities: Preliminary Findings. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005107.
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This study uses administrative data and an event study methodology to analyze the impact of childbirth and the birth of a child with a disability on labor market outcomes of mothers and fathers. We use a monthly employer-employee panel based on unemployment insurance data. The findings reveal a substantial gender gap associated with childbirth, and childhood disability further widens this gap. Moreover, childhood disability creates an intra-gender gap for mothers after childbirth, where mothers of children with disabilities experience poorer labor outcomes compared to mothers of children without disabilities. These findings underscore the importance of caregiving policies in general and for children with disabilities in particular. It is crucial to consider disability in family assessments and social protection programs designed to address these disparities.
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Alviarez, Vanessa, Brian Cevallos Fujiy, and Tomasz Święcki. Cross-Border Intra-Firm Trade and the Propagation of Idiosyncratic Shocks: A New Dataset. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004327.
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We study how disruptions in international production networks propagate across countries. We use comprehensive data on natural disasters around the globe over the last two decades from the EM-DAT and SHELDUS database to identify exogenous shocks to sourcing foreign inputs. We then trace out the effect of these shocks on activity of multinationals located in the United States. and their network of foreign affiliates using U.S. Bill of Lading microdata and data on domestic and international ownership linkages from Orbis. Our findings indicate that major natural disasters can have an economically significant negative impact even far from the directly affected areas. Furthermore, the strength of the propagation depends on whether the shocks led to disruptions in intra-firm or arms-length trade. This technical note provides detailed information on the construction of the novel dataset used in Alviarez et al. (2021).
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Clausen, Jay, Michael Musty, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, and Jason Dorvee. Modeling of a multi-month thermal IR study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41060.
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Inconsistent and unacceptable probability of detection (PD) and false alarm rates (FAR) due to varying environmental conditions hamper buried object detection. A 4-month study evaluated the environmental parameters impacting standoff thermal infra-red(IR) detection of buried objects. Field observations were integrated into a model depicting the temporal and spatial thermal changes through a 1-week period utilizing a 15-minute time-step interval. The model illustrates the surface thermal observations obtained with a thermal IR camera contemporaneously with a 3-d presentation of subsurface soil temperatures obtained with 156 buried thermocouples. Precipitation events and subsequent soil moisture responses synchronized to the temperature data are also included in the model simulation. The simulation shows the temperature response of buried objects due to changes in incoming solar radiation, air/surface soil temperature changes, latent heat exchange between the objects and surrounding soil, and impacts due to precipitation/changes in soil moisture. Differences are noted between the thermal response of plastic and metal objects as well as depth of burial below the ground surface. Nearly identical environmental conditions on different days did not always elicit the same spatial thermal response.
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Verma, Rajat, Hao Luo, Saloni Deodhar, Eunhan Ka, Ricardo Chahine, Pallavi Natu, Harshit Malhotra, et al. Forecasting Shifts in Hoosiers’ Travel Demand and Behavior. Purdue University, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317685.
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The changing landscape of transportation technology and traveler behavior, accelerated by recent events like COVID-19, has led to significant shifts in travel demand and vehicle miles traveled in Indiana. This study seeks to understand the long-term implications of these changes and their potential impact on passenger, freight, and micro-mobility movements across the state. To achieve this objective, this project focused on forecasting future transportation demand conditions and carrying out long-range scenario planning by accomplishing four tasks: forecasting travel demand shifts based on location-based data, evaluating medium-term inter- and intra-urban transportation demand shifts, forecasting county-level industry shifts using scenario-based growth models, and providing recommendations and guidance to the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) based on the study results. Results offer improved planning for infrastructure investments and operations, the incorporation of emerging technologies into transportation planning processes, and an enhanced understanding of passenger and freight movements at the statewide and regional levels. Deliverables from this study include valuable tools and models that can help INDOT navigate potential transportation system changes and accommodate the evolving needs of the future.
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Rodríguez, Ennio, and Anneke Jessen. The Caribbean Community: Facing the Challenges of Regional and Global Integration. Inter-American Development Bank, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008676.
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On 4 July 1998, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. CARICOM is one of the oldest integration schemes in the Western Hemisphere, the largest in terms of membership, yet by far the smallest in economic and geographic terms. In the wake of its historic anniversary, many have reflected on the Community's past achievements and future prospects. Has CARICOM served the development goals of its member states? Will it assist them in pursuing those goals into the next century? How can regional integration facilitate CARICOM's successful insertion into the global economy? The aim of this study is to answer those questions and, in doing so, to contribute to the ongoing debate on the future of CARICOM. With some exceptions, CARICOM economies have either stagnated or grown very slowly, and high unemployment has become chronic. Despite important policy changes, export diversification has been limited and insufficient for generating satisfactory growth rates. Size constraints have always hampered the potential for growth based on domestic markets and intra-CARICOM trade; decreased protectionism makes the size limitations even more evident. The region's overall export performance has been unsatisfactory despite privileged market access conditions. Today those conditions are becoming less favorable. Foreign aid, a key contributor to development in past decades, is also diminishing. CARICOM is clearly at a crossroads. Chapter I provides a general overview of the Caribbean Community, key features of its economies and the challenges facing the region on the eve of the new millenium. Chapter II offers an overview of the regional integration process, including progress on intra-regional trade liberalization, the deepening and the widening of CARICOM. Chapter III examines the external challenges facing the region today, particularly as regards its trade relations with Europe, the United States, Canada and Latin America. Chapter IV examines key areas of the services sector, both in terms of enhancing the region's export potential and supporting the establishment of a functioning single market. Chapter V briefly examines the Community's institutional structure, outlining existing bottlenecks to the effective design, implementation and enforcement of common policies. Chapter VI provides an analytical justification for promoting integration and cooperation initiatives in the region, and suggests a number of actions that could be taken to enhance the development prospects of CARICOM. The study argues that despite the limited contribution of regional integration efforts to economic development in the region so-far, integration can play a beneficial role if pursued under the right framework and with the right instruments.
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Ostersetzer-Biran, Oren, and Jeffrey Mower. Novel strategies to induce male sterility and restore fertility in Brassicaceae crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604267.bard.
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Abstract Mitochondria are the site of respiration and numerous other metabolic processes required for plant growth and development. Increased demands for metabolic energy are observed during different stages in the plants life cycle, but are particularly ample during germination and reproductive organ development. These activities are dependent upon the tight regulation of the expression and accumulation of various organellar proteins. Plant mitochondria contain their own genomes (mtDNA), which encode for rRNAs, tRNAs and some mitochondrial proteins. Although all mitochondria have probably evolved from a common alpha-proteobacterial ancestor, notable genomic reorganizations have occurred in the mtDNAs of different eukaryotic lineages. Plant mtDNAs are notably larger and more variable in size (ranging from 70~11,000 kbp in size) than the mrDNAs in higher animals (16~19 kbp). Another unique feature of plant mitochondria includes the presence of both circular and linear DNA fragments, which undergo intra- and intermolecular recombination. DNA-seq data indicate that such recombination events result with diverged mitochondrial genome configurations, even within a single plant species. One common plant phenotype that emerges as a consequence of altered mtDNA configuration is cytoplasmic male sterility CMS (i.e. reduced production of functional pollen). The maternally-inherited male sterility phenotype is highly valuable agriculturally. CMS forces the production of F1 hybrids, particularly in predominantly self-pollinating crops, resulting in enhanced crop growth and productivity through heterosis (i.e. hybrid vigor or outbreeding enhancement). CMS lines have been implemented in some cereal and vegetables, but most crops still lack a CMS system. This work focuses on the analysis of the molecular basis of CMS. We also aim to induce nuclear or organellar induced male-sterility in plants, and to develop a novel approach for fertility restoration. Our work focuses on Brassicaceae, a large family of flowering plants that includes Arabidopsis thaliana, a key model organism in plant sciences, as well as many crops of major economic importance (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and various seeds for oil production). In spite of the genomic rearrangements in the mtDNAs of plants, the number of genes and the coding sequences are conserved among different mtDNAs in angiosperms (i.e. ~60 genes encoding different tRNAs, rRNAs, ribosomal proteins and subunits of the respiratory system). Yet, in addition to the known genes, plant mtDNAs also harbor numerous ORFs, most of which are not conserved among species and are currently of unknown function. Remarkably, and relevant to our study, CMS in plants is primarily associated with the expression of novel chimericORFs, which likely derive from recombination events within the mtDNAs. Whereas the CMS loci are localized to the mtDNAs, the factors that restore fertility (Rfs) are identified as nuclear-encoded RNA-binding proteins. Interestingly, nearly all of the Rf’s are identified as pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, a large family of modular RNA-binding proteins that mediate several aspects of gene expression primarily in plant organelles. In this project we proposed to develop a system to test the ability of mtORFs in plants, which are closely related to known CMS factors. We will induce male fertility in various species of Brassicaceae, and test whether a down-relation in the expression of the recombinantCMS-genes restores fertility, using synthetically designed PPR proteins.
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Eyal, Yoram, and Sheila McCormick. Molecular Mechanisms of Pollen-Pistil Interactions in Interspecific Crossing Barriers in the Tomato Family. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573076.bard.
Full textAbstract:
During the evolutionary process of speciation in plants, naturally occurring barriers to reproduction have developed that affect the transfer of genes within and between related species. These barriers can occur at several different levels beginning with pollination-barriers and ending with hybrid-breakdown. The interaction between pollen and pistils presents one of the major barriers to intra- and inter-specific crosses and is the focus of this research project. Our long-term goal in this research proposal was defined to resolve questions on recognition and communication during pollen-pistil interactions in the extended tomato family. In this context, this work was initiated and planned to study the potential involvement of tomato pollen-specific receptor-like kinases (RLK's) in the interaction between pollen and pistils. By special permission from BARD the objectives of this research were extended to include studies on pollen-pistil interactions and pollination barriers in horticultural crops with an emphasis on citrus. Functional characterization of 2 pollen-specific RLK's from tomato was carried out. The data shows that both encode functional kinases that were active as recombinant proteins. One of the kinases was shown to accumulate mainly after pollen germination and to be phosphorylated in-vitro in pollen membranes as well as in-vivo. The presence of style extract resulted in dephosphorylation of the RLK, although no species specificity was observed. This data implies a role for at least one RLK in pollination events following pollen germination. However, a transgenic plant analysis of the RLK's comprising overexpression, dominant-negative and anti-sense constructs failed to provide answers on their role in pollination. While genetic effects on some of the plants were observed in both the Israeli and American labs, no clear functional answers were obtained. An alternative approach to addressing function was pursued by screening for an artificial ligand for the receptor domain using a peptide phage display library. An enriched peptide sequence was obtained and will be used to design a peptide-ligand to be tested for its effect o pollen germination and tube growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) in citrus was studied on 3 varieties of pummelo. SI was observed using fluorescence microscopy in each of the 3 varieties and compatibility relations between varieties was determined. An initial screen for an S-RNase SI mechanism yielded only a cDNA homologous to the group of S-like RNases, suggesting that SI results from an as yet unknown mechanism. 2D gel electrophoresis was applied to compare pollen and style profiles of different compatibility groups. A "polymorphic" protein band from style extracts was observed, isolated and micro-sequenced. Degenerate primers designed based on the peptide sequence date will be used to isolate the relevant genes i order to study their potential involvement in SI. A study on SI in the apple cultivar Top red was initiated. SI was found, as previously shown, to be complete thus requiring a compatible pollinator variety. A new S-RNase allele was discovered fro Top red styles and was found to be highly homologous to pear S-RNases, suggesting that evolution of these genes pre-dated speciation into apples and pears but not to other Rosaceae species. The new allele provides molecular-genetic tools to determine potential pollinators for the variety Top red as well as a tool to break-down SI in this important variety.
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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, G. Kotlinzky, M. Erlanger, A. Yahalom, M. Erlanger, and J. Szecsi. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism of the targeting of the MP to the Pd and biochemical information on how Pd are alter are questions which have been dealt with during this BARD project. The research objectives of the two labs were to continue their biochemical, cellular and molecular studies of Pd composition and function by employing infectious modified clones of TMV in which MP is fused with GFP. We examined Pd composition, and studied the intra- and intercellular targeting mechanism of MP during the infection cycle. Most of the goals we set for ourselves were met. The Israeli PI and collaborators (Oparka et al., 1999) demonstrated that Pd permeability is under developmental control, that Pd in sink tissues indiscriminately traffic proteins of sizes of up to 50 kDa and that during the sink to source transition there is a substantial decrease in Pd permeability. It was shown that companion cells in source phloem tissue export proteins which traffic in phloem and which unload in sink tissue and move cell to cell. The TAU group employing MP:GFP as a fluorescence probe for optimized the procedure for Pd isolation. At least two proteins kinases found to be associated with Pd isolated from source leaves of N. benthamiana, one being a calcium dependent protein kinase. A number of proteins were microsequenced and identified. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against proteins in a purified Pd fraction. A T-7 phage display library was created and used to "biopan" for Pd genes using these antibodies. Selected isolates are being sequenced. The TAU group also examined whether the subcellular targeting of MP:GFP was dependent on processes that occurred only in the presence of the virus or whether targeting was a property indigenous to MP. Mutant non-functional movement proteins were also employed to study partial reactions. Subcellular targeting and movement were shown to be properties indigenous to MP and that these processes do not require other viral elements. The data also suggest post-translational modification of MP is required before the MP can move cell to cell. The USA group monitored the development of the infection and local movement of TMV in N. benthamiana, using viral constructs expressing GFP either fused to the MP of TMV or expressing GFP as a free protein. The fusion protein and/or the free GFP were expressed from either the movement protein subgenomic promoter or from the subgenomic promoter of the coat protein. Observations supported the hypothesis that expression from the cp sgp is regulated differently than expression from the mp sgp (Szecsi et al., 1999). Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, it was determined that paired wall-appressed bodies behind the leading edge of the fluorescent ring induced by TMV-(mp)-MP:GFP contain MP:GFP and the viral replicase. These data suggest that viral spread may be a consequence of the replication process. Observation point out that expression of proteins from the mp sgp is temporary regulated, and degradation of the proteins occurs rapidly or more slowly, depending on protein stability. It is suggested that the MP contains an external degradation signal that contributes to rapid degradation of the protein even if expressed from the constitutive cp sgp. Experiments conducted to determine whether the degradation of GFP and MP:GFP was regulated at the protein or RNA level, indicated that regulation was at the protein level. RNA accumulation in infected protoplast was not always in correlation with protein accumulation, indicating that other mechanisms together with RNA production determine the final intensity and stability of the fluorescent proteins.
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Financial Infrastructure Report 2022. Banco de la República, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-sist-pag.eng.2022.
Full textAbstract:
Banco de la República's monitoring of the local financial market infrastructure is an additional contribution to the country's financial stability. One of the products of that monitoring has been the Payment Systems Report, which is now known as the Financial Infrastructure Report. The change in name, as of this edition, is intended to reflect in a broader way the issues that are addressed in the report. The 2022 edition includes several changes that are the result of a comparative study of financial infrastructure reports prepared by other central banks. These changes seek to make the report more fluid and easier to read, including main points and selected key figures for the different interest groups to which it is addressed. The report shows the financial infrastructure continued to render its services without interruption, with general evidence of good performance in 2021. Additionally, the resilience of the Central Counterparty Risk of Colombia (CRCC) and the Large-value Payments System (CUD) to extreme events was validated, based on stress tests conducted according to international standards (focused on liquidity and credit risk). As for retail payments, transactional information indicates the use of electronic instruments increased in terms of value during 2021 compared to 2020 (credit and debit cards, checks and electronic funds transfers). The use of debit and credit cards in payments rose to levels similar to those reached in the pre-pandemic year. Meanwhile, electronic funds transfers continued to grow. Although the results of the BR 2022 survey show cash continues to be the instrument most used by the public for regular payments (like the situation in other countries), the perception of its use decreased significantly to 75 % (87 % in 2019). Also, in commerce, cash was the preferred instrument for customers. However, in this measurement, several retail channels such as hairdressers, drugstores and restaurants joined the group that has traditionally received electronic payments for a value greater than 10% of their sales (hypermarkets and gas stations). Likewise, for nearly 50% of the population, cash payments are lower than before the pandemic. This is consistent with the transactional increase in electronic payment instruments that was observed in 2021. Banco de la República continues to monitor the technological developments that have expanded and modernized the supply in the international and local payments market, as these are issues of interest to the industry that provides clearing and settlement services. This report outlines the Pix case for instant payments in Brazil, the projects that are underway regarding the possible issue of digital currency by central banks (CBDC) for cross-border payments, as well as an approach to the Fintech ecosystem in Colombia, with an emphasis on companies that provide payment services. Leonardo Villar Governor Main points: 2022 The local financial infrastructure was safe and efficient throughout the year. The services of the financial infrastructure were proved on a continuous basis, showing good performance overall. Less momentum in the large-value payment system CUD activity declined versus the previous year because of fewer government deposits with BanRep. This was offset partially by growth in repos to increase money supply and in retail-value payments (electronic funds transfers, checks and cards). Increased momentum in financial market infrastructures. Larger amounts were cleared and settled through the Central Securities Depository (DCV) due to an increase in the market for sovereign debt. Operations managed by the Central Counterparty Risk of Colombia (CRCC) increased due to inclusion of the foreign exchange segment and the positive evolution in non-delivery forward peso/dollar contracts. Added confidence in the peso/dollar spot foreign exchange market due to CRCC interposition. Number and value of trades grew, mainly due to the adjustment of therisk management model for the FX segment and the increase in the limiton net selling positions in dollars. Stress testing with international standards to validate CRCC and CUD resilience Stress tests conducted independently by the SFC, BanRep and the CRCC, like those done in England and the United States, concluded that the CRCC's risk management model allows it to withstand extreme market events and simultaneous defaults by its main members. Based on the experience of other central banks, BanRep strengthened its intraday liquidity risk stress exercises in the CUD by incorporating temporary payment delays. It calculated that a two-hour delay by a key participant increases the system's liquidity needs by 0.5%. Electronic payments increased during 2021 According to transactional information, all electronic payment instruments increased in value versus 2020 (electronic funds transfers, checks and debit and credit cards). Electronic funds transfers continued to grow (80% from legal entities), with the participation of closed schemes driven particularly by the use of mobile wallets (35% of the number of intra-transfer transactions). The use of debit and credit cards for payments climbed to levels similar to those witnessed in the pre-pandemic year. Cash continues to be the instrument most used by the public for regular payments. The results of the BanRep survey in 2022 show that the perception of the use of cash declined significantly to 75% (87% in 2019), and about 50% of the population perceive their cash payments as being lower than those they made before the pandemic. Electronic funds transfers were second most used instrument, having increased to 15% (3% in 2019). Also, in commerce, cash was the preferred instrument of payment for its customers; however, several commerce channels received more than 10% of the value of their sales in electronic payments (hypermarkets 35%, gas stations 25%, hairdressers 15%, drugstores 14% and restaurants 12%). Continuous technological developments have broadened, and modernized services offered in the payments market. Pix (instant payments in Brazil). The high level of adoption of instant transfers in Brazil motivated a review of its strengths; namely, the possibility of different use cases between individuals, businesses, and government; high participation by financial and payment institutions; free of charge for individuals and the possibility of charging legal entities, and simple user experience. Digital currencies in central banking. Several groups of countries have joined forces to conduct pilot projects with wholesale CBDCs for cross-border payments. Flows generated by international trade, foreign investment and remittances between individuals can be processed more efficiently, transparently, and securely by reducing their cost and increasing their speed. Due to the constant progress being made on this issue, BanRep will continue to monitor all CBDC-related matters. The fintech ecosystem for payments in Colombia. A high percentage of existing FinTech companies in the country are dedicated to offering digital payment services: wallets, payment gateways, mobile devices (point-of-sale terminals) and acquisition. These have driven innovation in payment services.