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Academic literature on the topic 'Intra event study'
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Journal articles on the topic "Intra event study"
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Anderson, Sophia E., Bart Lubberts, Anne D. Strong, Daniel Guss, A. Holly Johnson, and Christopher W. DiGiovanni. "Adverse Events and Their Risk Factors Following Intra-articular Corticosteroid Injections of the Ankle or Subtalar Joint." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 6 (2019): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719835759.
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Background: Little data exists regarding the incidence of adverse events and their associated risk factors following intra-articular corticosteroid injection of the ankle and subtalar joint. The aim of this study was to determine the complication rate associated with such injections and to identify any predictive risk factors. Methods: Adult patients who had received an intra-articular ankle or subtalar joint injection between January 2000 and April 2016 at one of 3 regional hospitals (2 level 1 trauma centers and 1 community hospital) were included. Patients with prior intra-articular injection of corticosteroid into the ankle or subtalar joint were excluded. Explanatory variables were sex, age, race, body mass index, diabetes status, tobacco use, presence of fluoroscopic guidance, location of intra-articular injection, and administering physician’s years of experience. Results: Of the 1708 patients included in the final cohort, 99 patients (5.8%) had a total of 104 adverse events within 90 days postinjection. The most prevalent types of adverse events were postinjection flare in 78 patients (4.6% of total cohort, 75% of adverse events) followed by skin reaction in 10 patients (0.6% of total cohort, 9% of adverse events). No infections were noted. Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that intra-articular injection in the subtalar ( P = .004) was independently associated with development of an adverse event. Fluoroscopic guidance was not found to be protective of an adverse event compared to nonguided injections ( P = .476). Conclusion: The adverse event rate following intra-articular ankle or subtalar joint corticosteroid injection was 5.8%, with postinjection flare being the most common complication. Infections following injection were not reported. Injection into the subtalar joint was independently associated with the development of an adverse event after intra-articular corticosteroid injection, and this was not mitigated by the use of fluoroscopic guidance. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
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Beer, A. R., and J. M. Turowski. "Bedload transport controls intra-event bedrock erosion." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 3, no. 1 (2015): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-3-53-2015.
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Abstract. Fluvial bedrock incision constrains the pace of mountainous landscape evolution. Fluvial erosion processes have been described with incision models that are widely applied in river reach and catchment scale studies. However, so far, no linked field data set at the process scale had been published that allows to assess model requirements and adequacy. Here, we evaluate the predictive power of various incision models on data on hydraulics, bedload transport and erosion recorded on an artificial bedrock slab installed in a steep mountain stream for a single bedload transport event. The influence of transported bedload on erosion rate (the "tools effect") is shown to be dominant while other effects are of minor importance. Hence, a simple temporal distributed incision model in which erosion rate is proportional to bedload transport rate is proposed for transient local studies. This model can be site-calibrated with temporally lumped bedload and erosion data and its applicability can be assessed by visual inspection of the study site. Basic discharge-based models like derivatives of the stream power model family however, are adequate to reproduce the overall trend of the observed erosion rate, at least for the event on hand. This is relevant for long-term studies of e.g. landscape evolution with no interest in transient local behaviour.
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RUHUL SALIM and SHAHRIAR KABIR. "THE IMMEDIATE IMPACT OF EURO ON INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE: AN EVENT STUDY APPROACH." Journal of Economic Development 35, no. 3 (2010): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35866/caujed.2010.35.3.002.
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Ford, William, Mark R. Williams, Megan B. Young, Kevin W. King, and Eric Fischer. "Assessing Intra-Event Phosphorus Dynamics in Drainage Water Using Phosphate Stable Oxygen Isotopes." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 4 (2018): 1379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12804.
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Abstract. Quantifying fluxes and pathways of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in tile-drained landscapes has been hampered by a lack of measurements that are sensitive to P fate and transport processes. One potential tool to help understand these dynamics is the oxygen isotope signature of phosphate (d18OPO4); however, its potential benefits and limitations are not well understood for intra-event dynamics at the field scale. The objectives of this study were to quantify intra-event variability of d18OPO4 signatures in tile drainage water and assess the efficacy of d18OPO4 to elucidate mechanisms and flow pathways controlling DRP transport to tile drains. We collected water samples during a summer storm event from a subsurface (tile)-drained field located in west-central Ohio and analyzed for d18OPO4 of DRP. Supplementary water quality measurements, hydrologic modeling, and soil temperature data were used to help understand intra-event d18OPO4 dynamics. Results of the soil extraction analysis from our study site highlight that the soil water-extractable P (WEP) pool was not in equilibrium with long-term, temperature-dependent water isotope values. This result suggests that P-rich soils may, at least partially, retain their original source signature, which has significant implications for identifying hotspots of P delivery in watershed-scale applications. Results of the storm event analysis highlight that equilibration of leached DRP in soil water creates a gradient between isotopic compositions of pre-event shallow subsurface sources, pre-event deep subsurface sources, and the WEP tied up in surface soils. The current study represents the first intra-event analysis of d18OPO4 and highlights the potential for phosphate oxygen isotopes as a novel tool to improve understanding of P fate and transport in artificially drained agroecosystems. Keywords: Agriculture, Edge-of-field, Macropores, Phosphate oxygen isotopes, Tile-drainage.
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Martin, Alexander R., Michelle L. Soupir, and Amy L. Kaleita. "Seasonal and Intra-Event Nutrient Levels in Farmed Prairie Potholes of the Des Moines Lobe." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13414.
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HighlightsNitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids concentrations were higher in early season inundation.Nitrate concentrations in farmed potholes decreased with multiday ponding.Farmed potholes act as hotspots, contributing P to drainage through surface intakes.Abstract. The prairie pothole region ranges from central Iowa to the northwest into Montana and south-central Canada, totaling around 700,000 km2. This area contains millions of potholes, or enclosed topographical depressions, which often inundate with rainfall. Many are located in areas that have been converted to agricultural land through installation of artificial drainage. However, even with drainage, potholes pond or remain saturated during and after significant rain events. In this two-year study, surface water depth was collected hourly (typically from after planting through harvest) from eight farmed potholes (drained and under corn-soybean rotation) on the Des Moines Lobe in central Iowa. Nutrient data were collected daily and tested for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) when inundation depth exceeded 10 cm. The data were analyzed in two ways. First, seasonal differences were investigated using samples from the first day of each inundation event. Surface water concentrations were higher in the early growing season than late season for total N (TN), NO3-N, NH3-N, total P (TP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Secondly, average event concentration changes were determined. Nitrate reductions occurred in 85% of multiday events, but these reductions were offset by increases in P. Total P and dissolved reactive P (DRP) had significant increases that averaged 0.51 and 0.46 mg L-1 per event, respectively, with event lengths of 2 to 19 days. This study demonstrates that inundated farmed potholes reduce NO3-N but serve as in-field hotspots, contributing elevated TP and DRP to drainage waters. When a surface intake directly connects inundated farmed potholes to drainage, new strategies, such as field management or engineered technologies, are needed to mitigate P export. This study is useful in informing policy regarding field management and conservation of farmed potholes. Keywords: Farmed wetland, Nitrogen, Nutrients, Phosphorus, Prairie pothole.
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Yavari, Shahla, Neil McIntyre, and Thomas Baumgartl. "An Empirical Analysis of Sediment Export Dynamics from a Constructed Landform in the Wet Tropics." Water 13, no. 8 (2021): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081087.
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Although plot-scale erosion experiments are numerous, there are few studies on constructed landforms. This limits the understanding of their long-term stability, which is especially important for planning mined land rehabilitation. The objective of this study was to gain insight into the erosion processes in a 30 × 30 m trial plot on a mine waste rock dump in tropical northern Australia. The relationships between rainfall, runoff and suspended and bedload sediment export were assessed at annual, seasonal, inter-event and intra-event timescales. During a five-year study period, 231 rainfall–runoff–sediment export events were examined. The measured bedload and suspended sediments (mainly represented in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)) showed the dominance of the wet season and heavy rainfall events. The bedload dominated the total mass, although the annual bedload diminished by approximately 75% over the five years, with greater flow energy required over time to mobilise the same bedload. The suspended load was more sustained, though it also exhibited an exhaustion process, with equal rainfall and runoff volumes and intensities, leading to lower NTU values over time. Intra-event NTU dynamics, including runoff-NTU time lags and hysteretic behaviours, were somewhat random from one event to the next, indicating the influence of the antecedent distribution of mobilisable sediments. The value of the results for supporting predictive modelling is discussed.
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Dane, Gamze, Aloys Borgers, Deniz Ikiz Kaya, and Tao Feng. "Visitor Flows at a Large-Scale Cultural Event: GPS Tracking at Dutch Design Week." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 11 (2020): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9110661.
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Large-scale cultural events bring many economic, social, and cultural benefits to the hosting cities. Although event producers aim to satisfy the visitors’ needs, they do not usually receive feedback on visitors’ experiences. Moreover, lack of spatial dispersal of visitors might result in less visibility for some activities and locations. An understanding of visitors’ spatial and temporal behavior and the factors influencing visitors’ intra-event destination choices is key to efficient and successful event management and future planning. In this article, we examine the relationship between visitors’ spatial and temporal behavior, the spatial structure of the host city, and visitor characteristics. In order to do this, data are collected from 281 event visitors by means of GPS tracking and paper surveys at the Dutch Design Week (DDW) 2017 event in Eindhoven, the Netherlands. Data are used to understand the area of interest locations, visitor flows, visitor clusters and area of interest choices by applying data processing, network analysis, cluster analysis and bivariate analysis. The results show that one of the three dedicated event areas was considerably less popular by the DDW visitors. Moreover, the choice of intra-event destination locations and areas depended mainly on temporal constraints of the visitors. The findings of this study can inform future event planning and management policies in hosting cities.
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Chand Choudhary, Ramesh, Bhoopendra Patel, Umesh Kumar, Minal Kachhawa, Mrinal Sharma, and Amitabh Dube. "Comparative study of event-related potential responses within syllables of intra and inter phoneme classes." Neuropsychological Trends, no. 35 (April 2024): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/neur-2024-035-chou.
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The present study was carried out to assess the signature neural dynamics as evinced through event-related potential (ERP) responses of the P300 waveform across different inter and intra phoneme consonant classes and to quantify the differential neural dynamical response in real-time. The ERP responses to non-sense three-syllable consonantvowel transitions CVCVCV non-words were recorded on 26 healthy individuals of either sex with an age group of 18–25 years. The first syllable of the non-sense word was always fixed, and the ERP responses of the middle syllable were recorded at the phoneme level, and the ERP responses elicited by the middle syllable were evaluated. The results of the present study documented that different consonant phoneme classes (plosives, fricatives, affricatives, liquids, and nasals) elicited differential neural dynamical responses as observed through the P300 waveform response, exhibiting a significant difference in P300 waveform amplitude across the fricatives vs. nasals experimental design.
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Pak, Daewoo, Chenxi Li, and David Todem. "Semiparametric analysis of correlated and interval-censored event-history data." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 28, no. 9 (2018): 2754–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280218788383.
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We propose a semiparametric multi-state frailty model to analyze clustered event-history data subject to interval censoring. The proposed model is motivated by an attempt to study the life course of dental caries at the tooth level, taking into account the multiplicity of caries states and the intra-oral clustering of observations made at periodic time points. Of particular interest is the study of the intra-oral distribution of processes leading to carious lesions, and whether this distribution varies with gender. The model assumes, in view of the covariate profile, a proportionality of the transition intensities conditional on subject-level frailties, coupled with a linear spline approximation of the log baseline intensities. The model estimation is conducted using a penalized likelihood where the smoothing parameters are estimated as reciprocal variance components under a mixed-model representation. A Bayesian method is proposed to predict tooth-level caries transition probabilities, which can be used for tailoring tooth-level caries treatment and prevention plans. Intensive simulation studies indicate that the model fitting and prediction perform reasonably well under realistic sample sizes. The practical utility of the methods is illustrated using data from a longitudinal study on oral health among children from low-income families residing in the city of Detroit, Michigan.
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Han, Tingting, Mingjun Zhang, Shengjie Wang, Deye Qu, and Qinqin Du. "Sub-Hourly Variability of Stable Isotopes in Precipitation in the Marginal Zone of East Asian Monsoon." Water 12, no. 8 (2020): 2145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082145.
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Isotope data at mid-latitude locations are commonly available on annual, monthly, and daily timescales; however, they are rarely available for the variations occurring on the sub-hourly scale within individual precipitation events. To fill this gap, sub-hourly (every 10 min) sequential samples were collected for nine precipitation events, and the δ18O values of the individual events were analyzed from June to October 2019 in Lanzhou, Northwest China. The Sequential Meteoric Water Line (SMWL) correlation between δ2H and δ18O is δ2H = 7.33 δ18O + 9.78 (R2 = 0.97, N = 170). All events had a similar decreasing variability pattern in the initial period (before the vertical gray dotted line), while during the later period (after the vertical gray dotted line), negative δ18O values dominated, exhibiting a different pattern. Variations in the δ18O values were about 1–5‰ during most intra-events. We found that δ18O values mainly exhibit three patterns in the intra-event, namely a “V”-shaped pattern, an “L”-shaped pattern, and a decreasing pattern. Positive δ18O values are controlled by re-evaporation in the beginning period. Relative humidity has no effect on the δ18O values of precipitation events, mainly because dry and warm conditions are conducive to the evaporation of rainwater in the study region. The changes in the isotopic characteristics of precipitation are closely linked to the regional climate. The continuous analysis of precipitation samples revealed that the rapid change of δ18O values is related to different moisture sources and transport paths. A new air mass with enriched heavy isotope intrusion can change the isotopic composition in the intra-event.