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Pal, Nabendu, and Wooi K. Lim. "On intra-class correlation coefficient estimation." Statistical Papers 45, no. 3 (July 2004): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02777578.
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Caceres, Alejandro, Deanna L. Hall, Fernando O. Zelaya, Steven C. R. Williams, and Mitul A. Mehta. "Measuring fMRI reliability with the intra-class correlation coefficient." NeuroImage 45, no. 3 (April 2009): 758–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.035.
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Flavell, Carol A., Laurence G. Marshman, and Susan J. Gordon. "Measurement of transversus abdominis activation in chronic low back pain patients using a novel standardized real-time ultrasound imaging method." Ultrasound 27, no. 1 (July 5, 2018): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x18785403.
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Real-time ultrasound imaging (US) to measure abdominal muscle dimensions has aided low back pain rehabilitation and research. Notwithstanding, ultrasound imaging measurement of transversus abdominis muscle activation in chronic low back pain populations has been characterized by variable and generally suboptimal intra-observer reliability. Methodological deficiencies of ‘freehand’ ultrasound imaging are uncontrolled probe–skin pressure, inclination and roll of the probe. Despite previous attempts to standardize these parameters, intra-observer reliability in chronic low back pain was poor to moderate (0.32–0.62). Therefore, a standardized method that controls and records probe force, inclination and roll during ultrasound imaging may optimize measurement reliability in chronic low back pain. This pilot study investigated utility, standardization and intra-observer reliability of ultrasound imaging transversus abdominis thickness measurement in chronic low back pain patients (n = 17). Transversus abdominis imaging over two separate measurement sessions was conducted using a novel method to standardize probe parameters. Resting and contracted transversus abdominis thickness, and transversus abdominis activation measurements were obtained from duplicate paired images (n = 68). Intra-class correlation coefficients were reported with 95% confidence intervals. Transversus abdominis thickness at rest (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.97 confidence interval: 0.93, 0.99), when contracted (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.99 confidence interval: 0.97, 0.99) and transversus abdominis activation (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.93 confidence interval: 0.81, 0.97) measurements were highly reliable. Ultrasound imaging of transversus abdominis using the novel standardized ultrasound imaging method produced highly reliable intra-observer transversus abdominis measurements, superior to ‘freehand’ ultrasound imaging, despite the physical limitations typically associated with a chronic low back pain population. Unique standardizing ranges for ‘probe force device’ probe parameters were obtained. This novel standardized ultrasound imaging method may optimize transversus abdominis activation assessment in chronic low back pain and other populations, aiding future research.
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Matthew, Jacqueline, Christina Malamateniou, Caroline L. Knight, Kelly P. Baruteau, Tara Fletcher, Alice Davidson, Laura McCabe, Dharmintra Pasupathy, and Mary Rutherford. "A comparison of ultrasound with magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of fetal biometry and weight in the second trimester of pregnancy: An observer agreement and variability study." Ultrasound 26, no. 4 (January 29, 2018): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x17753738.
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Objective To compare the intra and interobserver variability of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of common fetal biometry and estimated fetal weight in the second trimester. Methods Retrospective measurements on preselected image planes were performed independently by two pairs of observers for contemporaneous ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging studies of the same fetus. Four common fetal measurements (biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length) and an estimated fetal weight were analysed for 44 ‘low risk’ cases. Comparisons included, intra-class correlation coefficients, systematic error in the mean differences and the random error. Results The ultrasound inter- and intraobserver agreements for ultrasound were good, except intraobserver abdominal circumference (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.880, poor), significant increases in error was seen with larger abdominal circumference sizes. Magnetic resonance imaging produced good/excellent intraobserver agreement with higher intra-class correlation coefficients than ultrasound. Good interobserver agreement was found for both modalities except for the biparietal diameter (magnetic resonance imaging intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.942, moderate). Systematic errors between modalities were seen for the biparietal diameter, femur length and estimated fetal weight (mean percentage error = +2.5%, −5.4% and −8.7%, respectively, p < 0.05). Random error was above 5% for ultrasound intraobserver abdominal circumference, femur length and estimated fetal weight and magnetic resonance imaging interobserver biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, femur length and estimated fetal weight (magnetic resonance imaging estimated fetal weight error >10%). Conclusion Ultrasound remains the modality of choice when estimating fetal weight, however with increasing application of fetal magnetic resonance imaging a method of assessing fetal weight is desirable. Both methods are subject to random error and operator dependence. Assessment of calliper placement variations may be an objective method detecting larger than expected errors in fetal measurements.
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Dobbin, Kevin K., and Alexei C. Ionan. "Sample size methods for constructing confidence intervals for the intra-class correlation coefficient." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 85 (May 2015): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2014.11.010.
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Kotwani, Seema, D. N. Bid, Dinesh Ghatamaneni, Khalid A. Alahmari, Thangamani Ramalingam, and S. Paul Silvian. "Determining the reliability of craniocervical flexion test in asymptomatic individuals." Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 38, no. 01 (June 2018): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s101370251850004x.
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Background: The inter-rater reliability of the craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) has not been established. Objective: To investigate the intra-rater and inter-rater reliabilities of the CCFT in asymptomatic subjects. Methods: Sixty asymptomatic subjects were randomly selected for the study. The CCFT was measured on each subject by two testers for inter-rater reliability and by one of the testers after a gap of seven days for the intra-rater reliability. Before testing, the participants were trained for the movement and compensations were corrected. Results: The CCFT has high inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] 0.907, standard error of mean [Formula: see text] 0.735) and high intra-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient [Formula: see text] 0.986, standard error of mean [Formula: see text] 0.287). A Bland & Altman limits of agreement analysis has confirmed the high inter- and intra-rater reliabilities of the test. Conclusion: The CCFT has high inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities in asymptomatic subjects.
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Suzuki, T., Y. Sato, S. Sotome, H. Arai, A. Arai, and H. Yoshida. "Intra- and inter-tester reliability and validity of normal finger size measurement using the Japanese ring gauge system." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 42, no. 5 (December 1, 2016): 511–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193416680562.
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This study was designed to investigate the reliability and validity of measurements of finger diameters with a ring gauge. A reliability study enrolled two independent samples (50 participants and seven examiners in Study I; 26 participants and 26 examiners in Study II). The sizes of each participant’s little fingers were measured twice with a ring gauge by each examiner. To investigate the validity of the measurements, five hand therapists compared the finger size and hand volume of 30 participants with the ring gauge and with a figure-of-eight technique (Study III). The intra-class correlation coefficient for intra-observer reliability ranged from 0.97 to 0.99 in Study I, and 0.90 to 0.97 in Study II. The intra-class correlation coefficient for inter-observer reliability was 0.95 in Study I and 0.94 in Study II. The validity study showed a Pearson product moment correlation coefficient of 0.75. The ring gauge showed high reliability and validity for measurement of finger size. Level of evidence: III, diagnostic
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Lee, Gyu-wan, Chung-hwi Yi, Gyoung-mo Kim, Young-jung Lee, and Jang-whon Yoon. "Cross-cultural adaptation and clinical evaluation of a Korean version of the Work, Osteoarthritis or joint-Replacement Questionnaire." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 26, no. 5 (May 26, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2018.0120.
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Background and aim The Work Osteoarthritis or joint-Replacement Questionnaire (WORQ) is a new assessment tool developed in the Netherlands. It needs translation and cross-cultural adaptation for use in each country. The aim of this study was to translate the Work Osteoarthritis or joint-Replacement Questionnaire into Korean and to verify its reliability and validity. Methods To evaluate the clinimetric quality of the Korean-WORQ, we performed tests for internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), reliability (intra-class correlation coefficients) and concurrent validity (Spearman's correlation coefficient). Factor analysis was carried out to identify the principal components of the questionnaire. Findings Both the internal consistency and intra-class correlation coefficients showed the reliability of the Korean-WORQ to be excellent. The Korean-WORQ had a strong positive correlation with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and three components were extracted in factor analysis. Conclusions Based on these results, the Korean-WORQ seems to be a suitable questionnaire for assessing the disability levels of patients with knee injuries.
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de Araujo Barbosa, Paulo Henrique Ferreira, Lidiane Teles de Menezes, Abraão Souza Costa, Clarissa Cardoso Santos Couto Paz, Henrique Resende Martins, and Emerson Fachin-Martins. "Reliability of upright weight-bearing distribution measures obtained by computed baropodometry for participants with and without post-stroke hemiparesis." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 26, no. 11 (November 2, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2018.0026.
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Background/Aims Measurements from force platforms and digital scales have been applied to classify weight-bearing distribution in post-stroke hemiparesis. However, an intermediate tool – computed baropodometry – is breaking new ground in this field of diagnosis, with a need to report its reliability. Intra-test and test/retest reliabilities of the percentage of total body weight borne by the predominantly used hemibody calculated from computed baropodometry in participants with and without chronic hemiparesis was investigated in this study. Methods A total of 40 participants were evaluated and combined for age and sex in two different groups. Repeated measures were taken to analyse differences among records obtained from averages during 5, 10 or 20 seconds (intra-test reliability) and between the test and 1-week retest (test/retest reliability) for both groups. The analysis of variance, intra-class correlation coefficient and data plotted by Bland-Altman method were administrated. Results The intra-test analysis did not show differences among records obtained from different time durations (5, 10 and 20 seconds). Excellent to moderate intra-class correlation coefficient values (0.794 to 0.644) between test and retest were observed in the hemiparesis group from the records obtained by short to the longer lasting time durations, while for control groups, intra-class correlation coefficient values (0.661 to 0.748) were classified as moderate. Conclusions Acceptable reliability was found for all participants. Moreover, improved repeatability was reported when the measures were obtained by shorter time periods for both groups.
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Yadav, Manoj K., and Girdhar G. Agarwal. "On Estimation of Standard Error of Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient in Unbalanced Nested Designs." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 42, no. 1 (January 2013): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2011.575513.
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Specht, Karsten, N. Jon Shah, Karl Zilles, and Lutz Jäncke. "Measurement of reliability in functional MRI using intra-class-correlation coefficient and scatter-plots." NeuroImage 11, no. 5 (May 2000): S640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91570-2.
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Yue, Chen, Shaojie Chen, Haris I. Sair, Raag Airan, and Brian S. Caffo. "Estimating a graphical intra-class correlation coefficient (GICC) using multivariate probit-linear mixed models." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 89 (September 2015): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2015.02.012.
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Varghese, Sharon Merin, Thangavelu Senthilvelkumar, Noble Koshy, Gokilam Devaraj, Grace Rebekah, and Bobeena Rachel Chandy. "Reliability of the Clinical Outcome Variables Scale for children with cerebral palsy." International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 28, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2019.0062.
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Background/aims It can be difficult for rehabilitation professionals to use lengthy scales and different outcome measures for diverse clinical conditions in busy outpatient settings. The Clinical Outcome Variables Scale is a functional mobility measure that is applied to various neurological conditions. Determining the inter- and intra-rater reliability of clinical outcome variable scale for children with cerebral palsy will further enhance its utility. Methods A total of 30 children aged between 3 and 16 years with cerebral palsy, who could obey single-step commands, were recruited for the study. Two independent assessors scored the children using the Clinical Outcome Variable Scale to determine inter-rater reliability. A repeat assessment was done by the principal assessor after 24 hours to establish intra-rater reliability. Reliability was estimated using intra-class correlation coefficient values. Results The Clinical Outcome Variables Scale had high Inter- and intra-rater reliability for the composite score (intraclass correlation coefficient=1), the general mobility subscale (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.99), and the ambulation subscale (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.99). The intraclass correlation coefficient for the individual test items were also showed a high correlation, with the variance between the tests and physiotherapists ranging from 0.95 to 1. Conclusions The Clinical Outcome Variables Scale demonstrated high inter- and intra-rater reliability when assessing functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy. Further studies should establish criterion validity and minimally clinically important difference values to maximise the use of the scale.
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Qin, Yujie, Hongyang Deng, Mengnan Lu, Yue Cheng, Baibing Mi, Yanfeng Xiao, and Jing Zhou. "Reproducibility and Validity of a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire for Children Aged 6–12 in Western China." Nutrients 15, no. 4 (February 8, 2023): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15040856.
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The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) is often used to assess dietary intake in large-scale epidemiological studies. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the FFQ newly developed for children aged 6 to 12 in western China. A total of 133 children were included in the analysis, and all the children and their caregivers completed the FFQs twice with a three-month interval period, and three 24 h recalls were carried out one month after the first FFQ. We assessed the relative validity and reproducibility using various methods, such as the Spearman correlation coefficient, intra-class correlation coefficient, weighed Kappa, quartile agreement, and Bland–Altman analysis. The Spearman correlation coefficients for food ranged from 0.30 to 0.84, and for nutrients from 0.46 to 0.82 regarding reproducibility. The food intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.20 to 0.85, while nutrients’ ranged from 0.37 to 0.75. In terms of relative validity, the average Spearman correlation coefficients for food were 0.20, and 0.30 for energy and nutrients. The energy-adjusted and de-attenuation coefficients were calculated. Moreover, the average percentage of participants misclassified into the extreme quartile for food and nutrients was 8.0% and 7.0%, respectively. Weighted Kappa values indicated acceptable agreement between the FFQs and 24 h recalls. Furthermore, the percentage of results in the limits of agreement (LOA) were all above 93.0%. In conclusion, The FFQ showed good reproducibility and acceptable relative validity for assessing the dietary intake of children aged 6–12 in western China.
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Mullin, Rebecca Louise, Rebecca Smith, Susan Wood, Angela Swampillai, and Shazia Afridi. "Reliability of functional outcome measures in adults with neurofibromatosis 2." SAGE Open Medicine 10 (January 2022): 205031212211189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121221118996.
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Objective: To determine inter- and intra-rater reliability of functional performance outcome measures in people with neurofibromatosis 2. To ascertain how closely objective and subjective measures align. Methods: Twenty-nine people with neurofibromatosis 2 were recorded performing the modified clinical test of sensory integration and balance, four square step test and modified nine-hole peg tests. Three raters scored each measure to determine inter-rater reliability. One rater scored the measures a second time to determine intra-rater reliability. Participants also completed a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire and dynamic visual acuity testing. Results: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability scores (intra-class correlation coefficient) were excellent for all tests (intra-class correlation coefficient r ⩾ 0.9). The four square step test correlated with perceived walking challenges and modified clinical test of sensory integration and balance correlated with perceived balance challenges in a neurofibromatosis 2 quality of life patient report outcome measure. Conclusion: The modified clinical test of sensory integration and balance, four square step test and modified nine-hole peg tests are potentially useful measures for monitoring neurofibromatosis 2.
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Almeida, Isabella Da Silva, Larissa Pitanga Barreto, Letícia De Souza Andrade, Caio Victor Sousa, and Yomara Lima Mota. "Fidedignidade nas medidas derivadas do método de palpação de um software para avaliação postural: a experiência clínica importa?" Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance 20, no. 6 (February 19, 2019): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2018v20n6p515.
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The postural evaluation software (SAPO) has been used as a valuable tool for the analysis of postural alterations, however, such a tool depends on palpation performed by the evaluator. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-examiner reliability of experienced and inexperienced examiners in measurements derived from the palpation method, and its possible influence on measurements obtained by SAPO. Nine evaluators participated in the study, which were divided into three groups according to experience with respect to palpation (GI: inexperienced group, GSE: semi-experienced group and GE: experienced group). Each evaluator performed the postural analysis of 10 volunteers, which were photographed in orthostatic position, following the SAPO recommendations. The intra-examiner reliability analysis indicated that all three groups had higher, good and moderate mean correlation values for each examiner than low correlations. In the inter-examiner reliability assessment, GE and GSE groups exhibited higher correlation values. The intra-class correlation coefficient, in the single-measure analysis, presented correlation coefficients <0.70 in 9 of the variables analyzed, indicating non-significant correlation. It was concluded that the measures analyzed by SAPO have high intra-examiner reliability. However, regarding inter-examiner reliability, the group composed of inexperienced evaluators presented lower values, suggesting that the experience time may have influenced the inter-examiner reliability regarding postural evaluation.
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Guo, Senmiao, and Qigang Jiang. "Improving Rock Classification with 1D Discrete Wavelet Transform Based on Laboratory Reflectance Spectra and Gaofen-5 Hyperspectral Data." Remote Sensing 15, no. 22 (November 13, 2023): 5334. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15225334.
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The high intra-class variability of rock spectra is an important factor affecting classification accuracy. The discrete wavelet transform (DWT) can capture abrupt changes in the signal and obtain subtle differences between the spectra of different rocks. Taking laboratory spectra and hyperspectral data as examples, high-frequency features after DWT were used to improve the discrimination accuracy of rocks. Various decomposition levels, mother wavelet functions, and reconstruction methods were used to compare the accuracy. The intra-class variability was measured using the intra-class Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM). Our results show that the high-frequency features could improve the discrimination accuracy of laboratory spectra by 13.4% (from 46.5% to 59.9%), compared to the original spectral features. The accuracy of image spectra in two study areas increased by 8.6% (from 68.3% to 76.9%) and 7.2% (from 81.3% to 88.5%), respectively. Haar wavelets highlighted the spectral differences between different rocks. After DWT, intra-class SAM reduced and intra-class variability of rocks decreased. The Pearson correlation coefficient indicated a negative correlation between intra-class variability and overall accuracy. It suggested that improving classification accuracy by reducing intra-class variability was feasible. Though the result of lithological mapping still leaves room for improvement, this study provides a new approach to reduce intra-class variability, whether using laboratory spectra or hyperspectral data.
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IVORRA, EUGENIO, MARIO ORTEGA, and MARIANO ALCANIZ. "AZURE KINECT BODY TRACKING UNDER REVIEW FOR THE SPECIFIC CASE OF UPPER LIMB EXERCISES." MM Science Journal 2021, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 4333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2021_6_2021012.
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A tool for human pose estimation and quantification using consumer-level equipment is a long-pursued objective. Many studies have employed the Microsoft Kinect v2 depth camera but with recent release of the new Kinect Azure a revision is required. This work researches the specific case of estimating the range of motion in five upper limb exercises using four different pose estimation methods. These exercises were recorded with the Kinect Azure camera and assessed with the OptiTrack motion tracking system as baseline. The statistical analysis consisted of evaluation of intra-rater reliability with intra-class correlation, the Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman statistical procedure. The modified version of the OpenPose algorithm with the post-processing algorithm PoseFix had excellent reliability with most intra-class correlations being over 0.75. The Azure body tracking algorithm had intermediate results. The results obtained justify clinicians employing these methods, as quick and low-cost simple tools, to assess upper limb angles.
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Prieto, Alessandra V., Kênnea Martins Almeida Ayupe, Ana C. A. Abreu, and Paulo J. B. Gutierres Filho. "Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Horseback Mobility in Hippotherapy." Perceptual and Motor Skills 128, no. 5 (August 1, 2021): 2117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00315125211036578.
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Improvement in rider mobility represents an important functional gain for people with disabilities undergoing hippotherapy. However, there is no validated measuring instrument to track and document the rider's progress in riding activities. In this study, we aimed to develop and establish validity evidence for an instrument to assess hippotherapy participants’ mobility on horseback. We report on this development through the stages of: (a) content validation, (b) construct validation, (c) inter- and intra-rater reliability and (d) internal consistency analysis. We evaluated its factor structure with exploratory factor analyses, calculated values for inter- and intra-rater reliability using the intra-class correlation coefficient, and calculated its internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. We followed recommendations by the Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies. We found good inter-rater reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient – ICC = 0.991–0.999) and good intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.997–1.0), and there was excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.937–0.999). The instrument’s factor structure grouped its three domains into one factor. As this instrument is theoretically consistent and has been found to be appropriate and reliable for its intended use, it is now available for the measurement of horseback mobility among hippotherapy riders.
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O'Daly, O. G., A. Caceres, K. W. Nam, S. C. Williams, and M. A. Mehta. "Assessing the Reliability of the Default Mode Network (DMN) using the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient." NeuroImage 47 (July 2009): S83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(09)70603-2.
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Fisher, James, Thomas Clark, Katherine Newman-Judd, Josh Arnold, and James Steele. "Intra-Subject Variability of 5 Km Time Trial Performance Completed by Competitive Trained Runners." Journal of Human Kinetics 57, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0055.
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AbstractTime-trials represent an ecologically valid approach to assessment of endurance performance. Such information is useful in the application of testing protocols and estimation of sample sizes required for research/magnitude based inference methods. The present study aimed to investigate the intra-subject variability of 5 km time-trial running performance in trained runners. Six competitive trained male runners (age = 33.8 ± 10.1 years; stature = 1.78 ± 0.01 m; body mass = 69.0 ± 10.4 kg, $\it V^{.}$ O2max = 62.6 ± 11.0 ml·kg·min-1) completed an incremental exercise test to volitional exhaustion followed by 5 x 5 km time-trials (including a familiarisation trial), individually spaced by 48 hours. The time taken to complete each trial, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion and speed were all assessed. Intra-subject absolute standard error of measurement and the coefficient of variance were calculated for time-trial variables in addition to the intra-class correlation coefficient for time taken to complete the time-trial. For the primary measure time, results showed a coefficient of variation score across all participants of 1.5 ± 0.59% with an intra-class correlation coefficient score of 0.990. Heart rate, rating of perceived exertion and speed data showed a variance range between 0.8 and 3.05%. It was concluded that when compared with related research, there was observed low intra-subject variability in trained runners over a 5 km distance. This supports the use of this protocol for 5 km time-trial performance for assessment of nutritional strategies, ergogenic aids or training interventions on endurance running performance.
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Nakagawa, Shinichi, Paul C. D. Johnson, and Holger Schielzeth. "The coefficient of determination R 2 and intra-class correlation coefficient from generalized linear mixed-effects models revisited and expanded." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 14, no. 134 (September 2017): 20170213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2017.0213.
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The coefficient of determination R 2 quantifies the proportion of variance explained by a statistical model and is an important summary statistic of biological interest. However, estimating R 2 for generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) remains challenging. We have previously introduced a version of R 2 that we called for Poisson and binomial GLMMs, but not for other distributional families. Similarly, we earlier discussed how to estimate intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) using Poisson and binomial GLMMs. In this paper, we generalize our methods to all other non-Gaussian distributions, in particular to negative binomial and gamma distributions that are commonly used for modelling biological data. While expanding our approach, we highlight two useful concepts for biologists, Jensen's inequality and the delta method, both of which help us in understanding the properties of GLMMs. Jensen's inequality has important implications for biologically meaningful interpretation of GLMMs, whereas the delta method allows a general derivation of variance associated with non-Gaussian distributions. We also discuss some special considerations for binomial GLMMs with binary or proportion data. We illustrate the implementation of our extension by worked examples from the field of ecology and evolution in the R environment. However, our method can be used across disciplines and regardless of statistical environments.
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Etherington, Jeremy, Grant Innes, James Christenson, Jonathan Berkowitz, Robert Chamberlain, Ross Berringer, and Cosmas Leung. "Development, implementation and reliability assessment of an emergency physician performance evaluation tool." CJEM 2, no. 04 (October 2000): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1481803500007260.
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ABSTRACT Evaluation of physician practice is necessary, both to provide feedback for self-improvement and to guide department heads during yearly evaluations. Objective: To develop and implement a peer-based performance evaluation tool and to measure reliability and physician satisfaction. Methods: Each emergency physician in an urban emergency department evaluated their peers by completing a survey consisting of 21 questions on effectiveness in 4 categories: clinical practice, interaction with coworkers and the public, nonclinical departmental responsibilities, and academic activities. A sample of emergency nurses evaluated each emergency physician on a subset of 5 of the questions. Factor analysis was used to assess the reliability of the questions and categories. Intra-class correlation coefficients were calculated to determine inter-rater reliability. After receiving their peer evaluations, each physician rated the process’s usefulness to the individual and the department. Results: 225 surveys were completed on 16 physicians. Factor analysis did not distinguish the nonclinical and academic categories as distinct; therefore, the survey questions fell into 3 domains, rather than the 4 hypothesized. The overall intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.43 for emergency physicians, indicating moderate, but far from perfect, agreement. This suggests that variability exists between physician evaluators, and that multiple reviewers are probably required to provide a balanced physician evaluation. The intra-class correlation coefficient for emergency nurses was 0.11, suggesting poor reliability. Overall, 11 of 15 physicians reported the process valuable or mostly valuable, 3 of 15 were unsure and 1 of 15 reported that the process was definitely not valuable. Conclusion: Physician evaluation by a single individual is probably unreliable. A useful physician peer evaluation tool can be developed. Most physicians view a personalized, broad-based, confidential peer review as valuable.
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Cherkasov, M. A., A. S. Ibiev, A. V. Saraev, and N. N. Kornilov. "Russian Version of HSS Knee Replacement Expectations Survey: Language and Cultural Adaptation." Vestnik travmatologii i ortopedii imeni N.N. Priorova, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32414/0869-8678-2017-2-17-21.
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Purpose . To perform language and cultural adaptation of the Hospital of Special Surgery (HSS) Knee Replacement Expectations Survey and evaluate its reliability.Material and methods . To preserve the HSS validity its language and cultural adaptation was performed in several steps: (1) direct translation, (2) synthesis of the intermediate version, (3) back translation, (4) expert commission review and creation of the 2nd intermediate version, (5) pre-testing and formation of a final version, study of reliability with evaluation of Cronbach’s alpha and intra class correlation coefficient (ICC). Total number of 35 patients (mean age 54.2 years) with terminal-stage gonarthrosis who were admitted for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) participated in the study.Results . Cronbach’s alpha and intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the translated and adapted version of HSS Knee Replacement Expectations Survey made up 0.871 and 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.725-0.897) that was indicative of high correlation between Russian version and the original.Conclusion . Russian version of HSS Knee Replacement Expectations Survey is a reliable tool and can be used for the evaluation of patient expectations prior to TKA.
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Cherkasov, M. A., A. S. Ibiev, A. V. Saraev, and N. N. Kornilov. "Russian Version of HSS Knee Replacement Expectations Survey: Language and Cultural Adaptation." N.N. Priorov Journal of Traumatology and Orthopedics 24, no. 2 (June 15, 2017): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vto201724217-21.
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Purpose . To perform language and cultural adaptation of the Hospital of Special Surgery (HSS) Knee Replacement Expectations Survey and evaluate its reliability. Material and methods . To preserve the HSS validity its language and cultural adaptation was performed in several steps: (1) direct translation, (2) synthesis of the intermediate version, (3) back translation, (4) expert commission review and creation of the 2nd intermediate version, (5) pre-testing and formation of a final version, study of reliability with evaluation of Cronbach’s alpha and intra class correlation coefficient (ICC). Total number of 35 patients (mean age 54.2 years) with terminal-stage gonarthrosis who were admitted for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) participated in the study. Results . Cronbach’s alpha and intra class correlation coefficient (ICC) for the translated and adapted version of HSS Knee Replacement Expectations Survey made up 0.871 and 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.725-0.897) that was indicative of high correlation between Russian version and the original. Conclusion . Russian version of HSS Knee Replacement Expectations Survey is a reliable tool and can be used for the evaluation of patient expectations prior to TKA.
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Hosseinabadi, Reza, Mahshid Foroughan, Gholam Reza Ghaed Amini Harouni, Razieh Zeidali Beiranvand, and Yadollah Pournia. "Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale in Iranian Community-dwelling Older Persons." Salmand 15, no. 3 (October 1, 2020): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sija.15.3.2515.2.
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Objectives: Loneliness is a significant concern among the elderly and requires measurement and intervention. This study was conducted to translate and make a psychometric evaluation of the 6-item de Jong Gierveld loneliness scale in Iranian older people. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive study carried out in 2018. After receiving permission from the tool designer, the original version of the 6-item de Jong Gierveld loneliness scale was translated into Persian by the translation and translation-back method. Then its face and content validities were determined. The final Persian version was completed by 224 eligible elderly residents in Khorramabad City, Iran. The data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and the Cronbach alpha. The SPSS and AMOS were used, and the significance was determined at the level of P≤ 0.05. Results: The Persian version of the 6-item de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale had an acceptable content validity (CVI=0.874). Confirmative factor analysis indicated the extraction of two factors: emotional loneliness and social loneliness (CMIN/DF=1.48, GFI=0.983, IFI=0.983, RMSEA=0.004). The overall loneliness score showed a significant correlation with the hospital anxiety and depression scale. The reliability of the scale was accepted by the intra-class correlation coefficient and the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Conclusion: The Persian version of the 6-item de Jong Gierveld loneliness scale is a reliable and valid measure of loneliness in Iranian elders.
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Hébert, Réjean, Gina Bravo, and Diane Girouard. "Fidélité de la traduction française de trois instruments d'évaluation des aidants naturels de malades déments." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 12, no. 3 (1993): 324–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800013726.
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ABSTRACTCaregivers of demented patients are under significant stress along with physical, psychological or social problems. Standardized and validated instruments are required for measuring consequences of caregiving or efficacy of support interventions. Reliability of French translation of these instruments has to be verified in order to confirm their psychometric properties. The goal of the present study is to assess reliability of the French translation of three instruments designed for evaluation of caregivers of demented patients. The Zarit's Burden Interview (BI) is a 22-items scale measuring the subjective burden of the caregiver. The Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC), a 53 item scale, measures frequency of memory and behaviour problems of demented patients and the caregiver's reaction to these problems, which is another mean of burden assessment. The Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Test (ADKT) assesses knowledge of caregivers about demented diseases and resources available using 20 multiple choice questions. A reliability study was conducted on a sample of 40 caregivers. The caregivers were questioned twice, the second time after one (N = 26) or eight (N = 14) weeks. The BI internal consistency (Cronbach alpha) yielded a coefficient of 0.85 and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient) was 0.89. The RMBPC's Cronbach Alpha was 0.93 for frequency and 0.94 for reaction. Intra-class correlation coefficients were 0.77 (frequency) and 0.90 (reaction) for RMBPC and 0.71 for ADKT.
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Marini, Lorenzo, Philipp Sahrmann, Mariana Andrea Rojas, Camilla Cavalcanti, Giorgio Pompa, Piero Papi, and Andrea Pilloni. "Early Wound Healing Score (EHS): An Intra- and Inter-Examiner Reliability Study." Dentistry Journal 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7030086.
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The early wound healing score (EHS) was introduced to assess early wound healing of periodontal soft tissues after surgical incision. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the intra- and inter-examiner reliability of the EHS. Six examiners with different levels of training and clinical focus were enrolled. Each examiner was trained on the use of the EHS before starting the study. Thereafter, 63 photographs of three different types of surgical incisions taken at day 1, 3 or 7 post-operatively were independently evaluated according to the proposed assessment method. A two-way random intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze the intra- and inter-examiner reliability for the EHS. The inter-examiner reliability for the EHS was 0.828 (95% CI: 0.767–0.881). The intra-examiner reliability ranged between 0.826 (95% CI: 0.728–0.891) and 0.915 (95% CI: 0.856–0.950). The results therefore show an “almost perfect agreement” for intra- and inter-examiner reliability. The EHS provides a system for reproducible repeated ratings for the early healing assessment of incisions of periodontal soft tissues. Even when used by examiners with different clinical experience and specialty, it shows a high correlation coefficient.
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Baan, F., R. Bruggink, J. Nijsink, T. J. J. Maal, and E. M. Ongkosuwito. "Fusion of intra-oral scans in cone-beam computed tomography scans." Clinical Oral Investigations 25, no. 1 (June 3, 2020): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03336-y.
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Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical accuracy of the fusion of intra-oral scans in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans using two commercially available software packages. Materials and methods Ten dry human skulls were subjected to structured light scanning, CBCT scanning, and intra-oral scanning. Two commercially available software packages were used to perform fusion of the intra-oral scans in the CBCT scan to create an accurate virtual head model: IPS CaseDesigner® and OrthoAnalyzer™. The structured light scanner was used as a gold standard and was superimposed on the virtual head models, created by IPS CaseDesigner® and OrthoAnalyzer™, using an Iterative Closest Point algorithm. Differences between the positions of the intra-oral scans obtained with the software packages were recorded and expressed in six degrees of freedom as well as the inter- and intra-observer intra-class correlation coefficient. Results The tested software packages, IPS CaseDesigner® and OrthoAnalyzer™, showed a high level of accuracy compared to the gold standard. The accuracy was calculated for all six degrees of freedom. It was noticeable that the accuracy in the cranial/caudal direction was the lowest for IPS CaseDesigner® and OrthoAnalyzer™ in both the maxilla and mandible. The inter- and intra-observer intra-class correlation coefficient showed a high level of agreement between the observers. Clinical relevance IPS CaseDesigner® and OrthoAnalyzer™ are reliable software packages providing an accurate fusion of the intra-oral scan in the CBCT. Both software packages can be used as an accurate fusion tool of the intra-oral scan in the CBCT which provides an accurate basis for 3D virtual planning.
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Shehu, A., Kadafur, M. I., and Goni, I. C. "VALIDITY OF SELF-REPORT TO MEASURE FARM SIZE: EVIDENCE FROM NORTHERN GUINEA SAVANNAH OF BORNO STATE, NIGERIA." Journal of Agripreneurship and Sustainable Development 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.59331/jasd.v3i4.163.
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The study was explored to examine the validity of self-report to measure farm size: Evidence from Northern Guinea Savannah of Borno State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 667 respondents. The data were collected using Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM-area) direct measure and interview of a household head. Data were analysed using both descriptive statistics (count, percentage and mean) and inferential statistics (multiple regression and intra-class correlation). The results found the F-value of 2.7778 significant at P≤0.001implying that the model was reliable; and the deterministic coefficient was found to be 3.3% meaning that socio-economic characteristics were not the major determinants of self-reported farm size precision because 96.7% variations were accounted by other variables. The regression coefficient was 0.0128 signifying that if years of education increased by 1 year, the precision in self-reporting farm size will increase by 0.0128%. The intra-class correlation using two-way mixed effects model (where; people effects are random and measures effects are fixed) connotes that there is no agreement between two methods of measurement as depicted by average measure of intra-class correlation of 0.066. It was then concluded that farmers’ self-reported farm size was not valid and the only socio-economic factor that is affecting it was education. The study therefore, recommended that the use of any available application for measuring farm size during surveys like UTM-area measure which available at play store and compatible with Androids phone should be used.
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Wałecka, Joanna, Przemysław Lubiatowski, Ewa Bręborowicz, Piotr Kaczmarek, Monika Grygorowicz, and Leszek Romanowski. "Isometric Shoulder Testing Using a Forcemeter Is a Reliable Method of Strength Evaluation." Sensors 23, no. 22 (November 10, 2023): 9106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23229106.
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Isometric strength testing using a digital dynamometer is reliable for muscle function evaluation. It allows us to objectify manual strength assessment measurement. We tested intra- and inter-observer reliability of a user-friendly efficient digital dynamometer—the Forcemeter—equipped with a computer program to monitor the measurements and to store the data. Abduction, forward flexion, and external and internal rotation of both shoulders were tested three times in 20 healthy volunteers with no record of shoulder trauma. Isometric contracture was recorded in newtons. The first and the third test were carried out by Examiner A (intra-rater reliability); the second test, by Examiner B (inter-rater reliability). Good reliability was shown for intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) values which mean moderate to high correlations (r = 0.66–0.93) for both examiners. Moderate to high correlations (r = 0.72–0.91) were found for comparisons between the results obtained by Examiner A.
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Syauqy, Ahmad, Diana Nur Afifah, Rachma Purwanti, Choirun Nissa, Deny Yudi Fitranti, and Jane C. J. Chao. "Reproducibility and Validity of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) Developed for Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Semarang, Indonesia." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 4163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13114163.
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We assessed the reproducibility and validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) among middle-aged and older adults in Semarang, Indonesia. A total of 259 subjects aged 40–80 years completed two FFQs (nine-month apart) and nine 24 h dietary recalls (24HDRs, as a reference method). The reproducibility of the FFQ was analyzed using correlation coefficient, intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), weighted kappa statistics and misclassification analysis. The validity was estimated by comparing the data acquired from FFQ1 and 24HDRs. The crude Pearson’s correlation coefficients and ICC for total energy and nutrients between FFQ1 and FFQ2 ranged from 0.50 to 0.81 and 0.44 to 0.78, respectively. Energy adjustment decreased the correlation coefficients for most nutrients. The crude, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated correlation coefficients for FFQ1 and 24HDRs ranged from 0.41 to 0.70, 0.31 to 0.89 and 0.54 to 0.82, respectively. The agreement rates for the same or adjacent quartile classifications were 81.1–94.6% for two FFQs and 80.7–89.6% for FFQ1 and 24HDRs. The weighted kappa values were 0.21 to 0.42 for two FFQs and 0.20 to 0.34 for FFQ1 and 24HDRs. A positive mean difference was found in the Bland–Altman analyses for energy and macronutrients. The FFQ could be acceptable for nutritional epidemiology study among Indonesians.
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Ramirez, A., L. Ekselius, and M. Ramklint. "Axis V – Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), further evaluation of the self-report version." European Psychiatry 23, no. 8 (December 2008): 575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2008.05.001.
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AbstractObjectiveThe study aimed to examine agreement between patients' and professional staff members' ratings on the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF).MethodsA total of 191 young adult psychiatric outpatients were included in a naturalistic, longitudinal study. Axis I and axis II disorders were assessed by means of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. Before and after treatment, patients and trained staff members did a GAF rating. Agreement between GAF ratings was analyzed using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe overall intra-class correlation coefficients before and after treatment were 0.65 and 0.86, respectively. Agreement in different axis I diagnostic groups varied, but was generally lower before treatment as compared to after treatment (0.50–0.66 and 0.78–0.90, respectively). Excessive psychiatric co-morbidity was associated with the lowest inter-rater reliability. Agreement, with respect to change in GAF scores during treatment, was good to excellent in all groups.ConclusionOverall, agreement between patients' and professionals' ratings on the GAF scale was good before and excellent after treatment. The results support the usefulness of the self-report GAF instrument for measuring outcome in psychiatric care. However, more research is needed about the difficulties in rating severely disordered patients.
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Tanenbaum, Aaron B., Abraham Z. Snyder, Matthew R. Brier, and Beau M. Ances. "A Method for Reducing the Effects of Motion Contamination in Arterial Spin Labeling Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 35, no. 10 (June 3, 2015): 1697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.2015.124.
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Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive method to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF). Arterial spin labeling is susceptible to artifact generated by head motion; this artifact is propagated through the subtraction procedure required to calculate CBF. We introduce a novel strategy for mitigating this artifact based on weighting tag/control volumes according to a noise estimate. We evaluated this strategy (DVARS weighting) in application to both pulsed ASL (PASL) and pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) in a cohort of normal adults (N = 57). Application of DVARS weighting significantly improved test-retest repeatability as assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient. Before the application of DVARS weighting, mean gray matter intra-class correlation (ICC) between subsequent ASL runs was 0.48 and 0.51 in PASL and pCASL, respectively. With weighting, ICC was significantly improved to 0.63 and 0.58.
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Leandro, Catarina, Lurdes Ávila-Carvalho, Elena Sierra-Palmeiro, and Marta Bobo-Arce. "Judging in Rhythmic Gymnastics at Different Levels of Performance." Journal of Human Kinetics 60, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0099.
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Abstract This study aimed to analyse the quality of difficulty judging in rhythmic gymnastics, at different levels of performance. The sample consisted of 1152 difficulty scores concerning 288 individual routines, performed in the World Championships in 2013. The data were analysed using the mean absolute judge deviation from the final difficulty score, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intra-class correlations, for consistency and reliability assessment. For validity assessment, mean deviations of judges’ difficulty scores, the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance W and ANOVA eta-squared values were calculated. Overall, the results in terms of consistency (Cronbach’s alpha mostly above 0.90) and reliability (intra-class correlations for single and average measures above 0.70 and 0.90, respectively) were satisfactory, in the first and third parts of the ranking on all apparatus. The medium level gymnasts, those in the second part of the ranking, had inferior reliability indices and highest score dispersion. In this part, the minimum of corrected item-total correlation of individual judges was 0.55, with most values well below, and the matrix for between-judge correlations identified remarkable inferior correlations. These findings suggest that the quality of difficulty judging in rhythmic gymnastics may be compromised at certain levels of performance. In future, special attention should be paid to the judging analysis of the medium level gymnasts, as well as the Code of Points applicability at this level.
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Wang, Yulong, Shanshan Guo, Jiejiao Zheng, Qing Mei Wang, Yuling Zhang, Zhenwen Liang, Lihai Zhang, et al. "User testing of the psychometric properties of pictorial-based disability assessment Longshi Scale by healthcare professionals and non-professionals: a Chinese study in Shenzhen." Clinical Rehabilitation 33, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 1479–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215519846543.
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Objective:The aim of this study was to validate a novel pictorial-based Longshi Scale for evaluating a patient’s disability by healthcare professionals and non-professionals.Design:Prospective study.Setting:Rehabilitation departments from a grade A, class 3 public hospital, a grade B, class 2 public hospital, and a private hospital and seven community rehabilitation centers.Subjects:A total of 618 patients and 251 patients with functional disabilities were recruited in a two-phase study, respectively.Main measures:Outcome measure: pictorial scale of activities of daily living (ADLs, Longshi Scale). Reference measure: Barthel Index. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the validity of Longshi Scale against Barthel Index.Results:In phase 1 study, from March 2016 to August 2016, the results demonstrated that the Longshi Scale was both reliable and valid (intraclass correlation coefficient based on two-way random effect (ICC2,1) = 0.877–0.974 for intra-rater reliability; ICC2,1= 0.928–0.979; κ = 0.679–1.000 for inter-rater reliability; intraclass correlation coefficient based on one-way random effect (ICC1,1) = 0.921–0.984 for test–retest reliability and Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.836–0.899). In the second phase, in March 2018, results further demonstrated that the Longshi Scale had good inter-rater and intra-rater reliability among healthcare professionals and non-professionals including therapists, interns, and personal care aids (ICC1,1= 0.822–0.882 on Day 1; ICC1,1= 0.842–0.899 on Day 7 for inter-rater reliability). In addition, the Longshi Scale decreased assessment time significantly, compared with the Barthel Index assessment ( P < 0.01).Conclusion:The Longshi Scale could potentially provide an efficient way for healthcare professionals and non-professionals who may have minimal training to assess the ADLs of functionally disabled patients.
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Schwertner, Debora Soccal, Raul Oliveira, Ana Paula Ramos Marinho, Magnus Benetti, Thais Silva Beltrame, and Renata Capistrano. "Reliability, Stability and Validity of the Brazilian Adaptation of the Oliveira Questionnaire on Low Back Pain in Young People." Acta Médica Portuguesa 30, no. 10 (October 31, 2017): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.8270.
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to adapt the Brazilian version, and verify the validity, reliability and internal consistency of the Oliveira questionnaire on low back pain in young people.Material and Methods: The questionnaire was translated from European Portuguese into Brazilian Portuguese by means of translation and re-translation. The validity of the contents was determined by experts who analyzed the clarity and pertinence of the questions. Fifteen young people aged 15 to 18 took part in the pre-test step (qualitative analysis), 40 in the test-retest (reliability) and 679 in the evaluation of internal consistency. The intra-class correlation coefficient and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were used in the reliability analysis (test-retest), and Cronbach’s alpha to determine the internal consistency (stability).Results: In the translation phase the questionnaire was modified and considered suitable, observing similarity and equivalence of the two versions. After being corrected by the experts in the validation of the contents, the instrument was considered suitable and valid, and in the pre-test, the young people suggested some modifications to make the questionnaire more succinct. With respect to reliability, the values for the intra-class correlation coefficient were between 0.512 – acceptable and 1 – excellent and Spearman’s correlation coefficient varied between 0.525 and 1, classifying the instrument as reproducible. The internal consistency was considered acceptable with a 0.757 Cronbach’s alpha.Discussion: The Oliveira questionnaire was choosen since it has been used in several Portuguese studies; moreover, it addresses the need to raise data regarding low back pain and associated risk factors.Conclusions: The Brazilian version of the Oliveira questionnaire on low back pain in young people showed valid and reliable cultural adaptation, with good reliability and stability.
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Picon, Patrícia, Gabriel J. C. Gauer, Vânia N. Hirakata, Lourdes M. Haggsträm, Deborah C. Beidel, Samuel M. Turner, and Gisele G. Manfro. "Reliability of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) Portuguese version in a heterogeneous sample of Brazilian university students." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 27, no. 2 (June 2005): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462005000200010.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate internal consistency and temporal stability trough test re-test reliability of the Portuguese version of the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) in a heterogeneous Brazilian sample. METHODS: After informed consent, the translated and adapted version of the SPAI Portuguese was tested and re-tested at a 14-day interval in a sample of 225 university students, both genders, from 4 different undergraduate courses. After double data entry, statistical analysis included Cronbach's alphas, Pearson and intra-class correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The studied sample consisted of 213 students from 4 sub-samples: 95 law students, 31 social communication students, 54 civil engineering students and 33 dental medicine students. The mean age was 23 (±6) years and 110 (51.6%) were female. The Cronbach' alpha was 0.96, no difference for both genders. The differential (total) score of the SPAI Portuguese showed Pearson coefficient 0.83 (95% CI 0.78-0.87) and Intra-class coefficient 0.83 (95% CI 0.78-0.86). There was no statistical difference in Pearson coefficients between genders (p = 0.121) and the 4 sub-samples (p = 0.258). CONCLUSION: The results do not ensure validity, however, the SPAI Portuguese version presented a good content homogeneity with satisfactory level of internal consistency. The temporal stability evaluated was substantial. The results showed that the Portuguese SPAI presents perfectly acceptable reliability for both genders and suggest that it can be used in Brazilian populations
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Birks, Ryan, Deborah M. Fine, Stacey B. Leach, Sarah E. Clay, Bryan D. Eason, Lisa G. Britt, and Kenneth E. Lamb. "Breed-Specific Vertebral Heart Scale for the Dachshund." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 53, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6474.
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ABSTRACT The objectives of this study were to determine a breed-specific vertebral heart scale (VHS) range for the dachshund and compare results to the established reference range of 9.7 ± 0.5, calculate inter-observer variability, and correlate VHS with echocardiography. Fifty-one normal dachshunds had radiographs and an echocardiogram performed. Five observers measured VHS to the nearest 0.25 vertebra. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, Mann-Whitney rank sum test, calculation of reference and confidence intervals, Spearman rank-order correlations, and generation of intra-class correlations and confidence intervals. P < .05 was considered significant. The median for right lateral VHS was significantly larger than left (10.3 [range 9.25–11.55] versus 10.1 [range, 8.7–11.31], p < .0001). VHS for females was significantly larger than for males (left: 10.56 [9.2–11.31] versus 9.74 [8.7–10.88] and right: 10.8 [9.5–11.55] versus 9.99 [9.25–10.8], p = .0002). Observer consistency was high with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.95. No significant correlation was found between left atrial echocardiographic parameters and VHS. Results indicate normal dachshunds have a median VHS above the published generic canine reference range, and VHS can be reliably performed by observers with varying degrees of clinical experience.
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Paudel, Sushil, Prajwal Pudasaini, Sagar GC, and Sudarshan Paudel. "Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Assessment of Psychometric Properties of Nepalese Version of Skindex-16." Civil Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.59338/cmj.10.
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Introduction: Assessment of the quality of life is an important aspect of managing skin diseases. The tools to measure the health related quality of life are still scarce in our country. We have planned to add one useful and widely used tool in the local language. The main objective of this study was to translate English version of skindex-16 in Nepali language and evaluate its psychometric properties. Methods: Standard protocol was followed to translate the English version of Skindex-16 into Nepali language after due permission from the Mapi Trust. The translated version was completed by the patients in the out-patient unit of dermatology department, which was subjected to statistical validation. Some participants completed the same questionnaire in seven to ten days gap. Cronbach’s, Intra-Class correlation, Pearson’s correlation and factor analysis were performed for validation of newly translated Skindex-16 version. Results: In total 190 people were enrolled in this study, 92 (48.4%) were males. One hundred and nineteen of the total participants had inflammatory conditions, 8 had facial pigmentation and remaining 63 had a solitary non-inflammatory skin lesions. Overall Cronbach’s was 0.91, for items related to symptoms it was 0.74, for emotions .91 and for functioning .86. The mean inter-item correlation coefficient was 0.403, the Intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.918 and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.929 (P value <.001). The Principal component analysis derived three factors and the items loaded on these factors satisfactorily. Conclusion: The Nepali version of Skindex-16 is a well translated and validated tool to measure the health related quality of life in skin diseases.
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Feniman, Sibele Pelloso, Jefferson Rosa Cardoso, Isabela Lucia Pelloso Villegas, Lais Faganello Dela Bela, Suhaila Mahmoud Smaili Santos, and Edson Lopes Lavado. "Development and validation of a quality of life questionnaire in individuals with spinal cord injury." Acta Fisiátrica 23, no. 4 (December 29, 2016): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v23i4a137668.
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Objective: Create and test the psychometric proprieties of the specific instrument for the quantification of the quality of life in subjects with spinal cord injuries. Methods: From the existing consensus methods was chosen the Delphi technique for the creation of the questionnaire and the SF-36 for criteria method. Results: The internal consistence was α=0,827. The intra and inter evaluators confidence shows itself high by the intra class correlation coefficient and the Brand and Altman test by the difference of average. Can be observed strong correlations between the QVLM and SF-36 in the functional capacity and physical aspects domains and moderate correlation in the health state and emotional aspects domains. There was a significant difference between the four applications of QVLM, demonstrating that the questionnaire is sensible to change. Conclusion: The QVLM was created with a suitable methodology and the evaluation of the psychometrics proprieties turn out to be on a valid, reliable, consisting and sensible to changes instrument
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VERSPEELT, P., M. DE MUYNCK, G. VANDERSTRAETEN, L. VANDEN BOSSCHE, G. STASSIJNS, and L. ÖCZAKAR. "The single assessment numeric evaluation correlates with the western ontario rotator cuff score in non-traumatic shoulder disease." Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 89, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52628/89.1.11240.
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Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are essential clinical instruments used for assessing patient function and assisting in clinical decision making. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index is the PROM for shoulder pathology with the most psychometric properties but is very time consuming. The Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) method is a PROM that takes less time to answer and to analyze. The aim of the study is to evaluate the intra- class correlation between these two outcome scores in establishing shoulder function in patients with non-traumatic rotator cuff pathologies. Fifty five subjects of both genders and different ages presenting with non-traumatic shoulder pain for more than 12 weeks had a physical examination and ultrasound as well as MRI arthrogram scan findings that were consistent of a non-traumatic rotator cuff (RC) based pathology. On the same moment a WORC index and a SANE score questionnaire were filled in by the subject. The intra class correlation of both PROMs was statistically analyzed. The WORC index score and the SANE score show a moderate correlation with an Intra Class Coefficient (ICC) of r = 0.60 (95% CI:0.40-0.75). This study demonstrates a moderate correlation between the WORC index score and the SANE score in rating the disability of patients with atraumatic RC disease. The SANE score is applicable in research and clinical practice and is for the patient and the researcher an almost no time consuming PROM.
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De Ste Croix, Mark B. A., Neil Armstrong, and Joanne R. Welsman. "The Reliability of an Isokinetic Knee Muscle Endurance Test in Young Children." Pediatric Exercise Science 15, no. 3 (August 2003): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.15.3.313.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of repeated isokinetic knee extension and flexion in young children and to examine sex differences in 30 untrained subjects (16 boys and 14 girls) aged 12.2 ± 0.3 years. Total work and the percentage decline in average torque and work were recorded during 50 repetitions. Intra-class correlation coefficients indicated a strong positive correlation between test 1 and 2 for all parameters ranging from 0.36–0.95. Coefficient of variation data ranged from ± 0% to ± 5.4%. Repeatability coefficients and limits of agreement indicated that the extensors were more reliable than the flexors for both torque and work. There were no significant sex differences in any of the parameters measured. This study suggests that repeated isokinetic muscle actions of the knee, as a function of muscle endurance, can be reliably assessed in young people.
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Lotfalinezhad, Elham, Fatemeh Barati, Robab Sahaf, Mohsen Shati, Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz, Mahshid Forughan, Fatemeh Amini, Devender Bhalla, Shahab Papi, and Abolfazl Hosseinnataj. "Psychometric Properties of the Persian Kessler Psychological Distress Scale Among Iranian Older Adults." Iranian Journal of Health Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ijhs.11.1.909.2.
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Background and Purpose: We measured the psychometric properties i.e., validity, reliability, and stability of the Persian 10-item Kessler psychological distress scale (K10) among older adults in Iran. Materials and Methods: We recruited elderly (60+ years) subjects (20 per item of the questionnaire) from various sampling units in the general population of Gorgan district, Golestan, Iran. After the translation/back-translation process, the questionnaire underwent various forms of validity and reliability, including Cronbach alpha (overall, by items, and by group of yes to an item and no to an item). The intra-class correlation coefficient was measured at a two-week interval, and inter-rater agreement was also determined. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were also conducted, along with receiver-operator characteristics vis-à-vis hospital anxiety and depression scale. Results: In total, 190 subjects (47.3% males, mean age: 70.3, 95% CI: 69.2-71.4) participated in the study. A total of 35.8% had psychological distress (PD) (i.e., score >20). The alpha coefficient was 0.88 with no item below 0.86. The alpha coefficients to report a yes to an item (α=0.85) or no to an item (α=0.90) were similar to each other. The intra-class coefficient for test-retest at a two-week interval was 0.90. Exploratory factor analysis showed a one-factor structure of the underlying construct, with a cumulative variance of 97.1%. Confirmatory factor analysis showed high fit indices for the questionnaire (0.91) and a low standardized residual of 0.05.
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Kutlu, Mehmet, Hakan Yapici, and Abdullah Yilmaz. "Reliability and Validity of a New Test of Agility and Skill for Female Amateur Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 56, no. 1 (February 25, 2017): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0039.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Agility and Skill Test, which had been recently developed to assess agility and skill in female athletes. Following a 10 min warm-up, two trials to test the reliability and validity of the test were conducted one week apart. Measurements were collected to compare soccer players’ physical performance in a 20 m sprint, a T-Drill test, the Illinois Agility Run Test, change-of-direction and acceleration, as well as agility and skill. All tests were completed following the same order. Thirty-four amateur female soccer players were recruited (age = 20.8 ± 1.9 years; body height = 166 ± 6.9 cm; body mass = 55.5 ± 5.8 kg). To determine the reliability and usefulness of these tests, paired sample t-tests, intra-class correlation coefficients, typical error, coefficient of variation, and differences between the typical error and smallest worthwhile change statistics were computed. Test results showed no significant differences between the two sessions (p > 0.01). There were higher intra-class correlations between the test and retest values (r = 0.94–0.99) for all tests. Typical error values were below the smallest worthwhile change, indicating ‘good’ usefulness for these tests. A near perfect Pearson correlation between the Agility and Skill Test (r = 0.98) was found, and there were moderate-to-large levels of correlation between the Agility and Skill Test and other measures (r = 0.37 to r = 0.56). The results of this study suggest that the Agility and Skill Test is a reliable and valid test for female soccer players and has significant value for assessing the integrative agility and skill capability of soccer players.
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Bhutto, Mazhar Ali, Azadeh Shadmehr, M. Raza Hadian, Saeed Talebian, Zeb Jehan Rana, and Syed Arslan Asad. "Test-Retests Reliability of Digital Photography in Measuring Quadriceps-Angle and Pelvic Tilt Angle in Healthy Population." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 3365–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115113365.
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Aim: Capturing body images through digital photography method for calculation of quadriceps angles and pelvic position in clinical assessment is an inexpensive method. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability of measuring Q-angle and pelvic tilt angle with digital camera and Microdicom software. Place and duration: University of Lahore and Tehran University of medical sciences, from June 2020 to June 2021 Methods: Bilateral lower limbs of fifteen healthy asymptomatic subjects were considered for calculations of desired angles. A 13-megapixel camera was used to capture images of quadriceps angle (q-angle) measurement in an anterior view and for pelvic angle measurement image in lateral view along with specific landmark markers on the body were captured. Images were transferred to Microdicom software for calculating desire angles. Three trails of procedures and Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI), Munro’s classification for reliability coefficients were used for the description of degrees. Standard error of measurement (SEM) was also calculated. Results: The Intra-class correlation coefficient values for right side Q- angle was 0.949(0.878-.981) and for left side it was 0.924(0.819-0.972) and <0.005 significant p-value. The ICC results for measuring pelvic title angle in the right side .990 (.975-.996) and left legs were .991 (.974-.997). Showing that the results were highly reliable and significant (p<0.005). Conclusions: The q-angle and pelvic angle measured with digital image have excellent consistency and reliability. Keywords: angle, asymptomatic, Images, pelvic, quadriceps
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Machin, Hanna, Serena Pevere, and Chiara Adami. "Inter- and intra-observer reliability of quantitative sensory testing performed with the SMall animal ALGOmeter (SMALGO) to evaluate pain associated with feline gingivostomatitis." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 22, no. 4 (March 22, 2019): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19837343.
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Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-observer reliability of quantitative sensory testing performed with the SMall animal ALGOmeter (SMALGO) in healthy cats and in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (CGS), and to evaluate the SMALGO as a tool to detect and quantify pain in cats with CGS. Methods Thirty cats from a private shelter were included and assigned to one of two groups: group C (healthy cats; n = 15) or group CGS (cats with CGS; n = 15). In all cats the mechanical thresholds were measured with the SMALGO, with the sensor tip applied to the superior lip above the canine root, by two independent investigators (A, experienced; B, unexperienced), on two different occasions (day 1 and day 2) with a 24 h interval. A CGS scale was used in the diseased cats to assess the severity of the condition. For the reliability analysis, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated. Other statistical tests used were Pearson correlation coefficient and a paired t-test. Results The inter- and intra-observer levels of agreement were fair (ICC = 0.50) and good, respectively (ICC = 0.73 for investigator A; ICC = 0.60 for investigator B). However, the thresholds measured in healthy cats (169 ± 59 g) did not differ from those obtained from diseased cats (156 ± 82 g; P = 0.35). There was no correlation between the scores of the CGS scale and the thresholds measured in diseased cats (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.047; P = 0.87). Conclusions and relevance Quantitative sensory testing performed with the SMALGO in cats is repeatable and reliable, regardless of the expertise of the investigator. However, the findings of this study suggest that the mechanical thresholds measured with the SMALGO may not be a valuable indicator of pain in cats with CGS.
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Arije, Olujide, Jason Madan, and Tintswalo Hlungwani. "Validation of the Adolescent Health Quality of Care (AHQOC) index for mystery client studies." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): e0285888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285888.
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The Adolescent Health Quality of Care (AHQOC) index is a tool designed to evaluate the quality of facility-based adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) services. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to validate the AHQOC index in 27 primary and secondary public health facilities located in a rural and an urban local government area (LGA) of Ogun State, Nigeria. To conduct the study, 12 mystery clients (MCs) were recruited and performed 144 visits to the health facilities. The MCs were young males and females who were seeking information on premarital sex, pregnancy prevention, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and contraception. The validity, and reliability of the AHQOC index were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha, and intra-class correlation coefficient tests. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test result for the initial 37-item pool was 0.7169, and the final tool retained 27 items with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.80. Two subscales of the index had Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.76 and 0.85. The intra-rater consistency assessed by the intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.66 (0.10–0.92) p = 0.001 for the urban LGA and 0.72 (0.37–0.91) p = 0.001 for the rural LGA. Positive and statistically significant relationships were observed between the full scales and subscales and the validity item (MC ranking of health worker on proficiency from 1 to 10). The results of this study demonstrate that the validated AHQOC index is a valuable tool for assessing the quality of ASRH services in public health facilities.
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Amir, Musab-Bin, Muhammad Waqar Afzal, Saadia Perwaiz, and Samuel Rafaqat. "ASSESSMENT OF LOWER LIMB MUSCLE STRENGTH IN ATHLETES BY USING HAND-HELD DYNAMOMETER: A RELIABILITY STUDY." Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36283/pjr.zu.12.1/018.
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Background and Aims: Muscle strength is the key area to measure the functional status of an individual. Different tools and techniques has been used to detect strength differences and deficits. Hand- held dynamometer is one of the most affordable and handy tools used for this purpose. This study was designed to determine intra-rater reliability of hand- held dynamometer to measure muscle strength in different muscle groups of lower extremity of young athletes. It will further explore the reliability of hand- held dynamometer. Methodology: In this cross- sectional study young players of squash and badminton in the age group of 18-26 years were selected. The participants were recruited by non- probability convenience sampling technique. The strength of major muscle groups of lower limb was measured by a single male tester twice with gap through isometric make test of dynamometer. The intra-class correlation coefficient was then calculated for two readings of each muscle group by using SPSS version 21. Results: The intra- class correlation coefficient showed good to excellent reliability. The hip abductors, hip adductors, hip extensors of left side, knee flexors and knee extensors showed excellent reliability. Whereas, hip flexors, ankle plantar- flexors and dorsi-flexors of both sides showed excellent reliability at 95 % confidence interval. Conclusion: The isometric make test of dynamometer is a reliable tool for the objectification of strength of lower limb in young players participating in squash and badminton.
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Mendes-Morais, Diogo, Cláudia Jantarada, and Luís Guimarães-Pereira. "Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Current Opioid Misuse Measure for European Portuguese." Acta Médica Portuguesa 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.12015.
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Introduction: Current practice guidelines recommend using Current Opioid Misuse Measure to screen aberrant opioid-related behaviors in chronic pain patients. Our aims were to translate, adapt and validate it to be used in Portuguese chronic pain patients.Material and Methods: Translation and cultural adaptation process followed guidelines and a model of principles for good practice. Adult chronic pain patients on opioid therapy, from one major hospital in Portugal, were invited to complete the translated version. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, inter-item, item-total and intra-class correlation coefficients and principal components analysis were applied.Results: Translation process was performed as planned and the validation sample was composed by 98 patients (median age = 62.5 years). Regarding internal consistency, a global Cronbach’s alpha of 0.778 was obtained and item-total correlations of all items were above 0.20 with four exceptions. An intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.90 was found between test and retest. Regarding validity, all 17 items presented a content validity index above 0.80. Six principal components were extracted and explained 66.3% of the variance.Discussion: The Portuguese version of Current Opioid Misuse Measure was properly translated, adapted and validated; showing good quality in terms of reliability and validity. This is the first instrument to screen aberrant opioid-related behaviors in Portuguese chronic pain patients. Consequently, it will aid and promote the identification of opioid misuse in these patients.Conclusion: The implementation of this questionnaire may reduce the incidence and morbimortality of opioid misuse among chronic pain patients and should improve chronic pain treatment in Portugal.