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Gulzoda, M. K., B. I. Safarov, K. R. Ruziboyzoda, and K. K. Kobilov. "Morphofunctional changes in the small intestine in acute adhesive small bowel obstruction." Health care of Tajikistan, no. 4 (February 15, 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2022-355-4-11-16.
Aim: To study the features of morpho-functional changes in the small intestine mucosa in acute adhesive small bowel obstruction.Material and methods. The results of a comprehensive study of morphological and functional changes in the small intestine’s mucous membrane in 20 patients out of 50 with acute adhesive small intestinal obstruction were analyzed. Patients underwent resection of the small intestine with a biopsy from the mucous membrane, followed by a pathomorphological and biochemical examination of biopsy specimens.Results. The study results show that more pronounced pathomorphological changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine were observed in patients with acute adhesive small intestinal obstruction with widespread (multiple) adhesions compared with limited (single) adhesions. In the study of biochemical parameters in the small intestine mucosa in patients with acute adhesive small intestinal obstruction with the presence of multiple (widespread) adhesions, there was a significant and critical increase in lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory cytokines, a decrease in antioxidant protection compared to the patient group with the presence of single (limited) adhesions. There was also a decrease in the concentration of serotonin in the mucosa of the small intestine. In the presence of single (limited) adhesions in these patients, it decreases to 0,50±0,3 units, and in patients with multiple (common) adhesions - to 0,20±0,2 arb. units.Conclusion. The severity of morpho-functional changes in the mucosa of the small intestine directly correlates with the severity of the development of the adhesive process and acute adhesive small bowel obstruction.
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Dembowska, Aleksandra, Maciej Dubaj, and Karol Bigosiński. "Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth - small intestine, big struggle." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.09.026.
The gut microbiota plays an important role in the proper functioning of the human body. The microbes present in the intestines are important for the correct functioning of the digestive tract as well as other, often distant, organs of the human body. Unfavorable conditions may lead to an imbalance of intestinal microorganisms, leading to unfavorable consequences.
Under physiological conditions, the large intestine is inhabited by a significant amount of bacteria, while the small intestine contains only a small amount of them. The appearance of pathological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract may lead to the colonization of the small intestine by an excessive amount of bacteria, which, in combination with gastrointestinal symptoms, is called small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The most common symptoms associated with this disease are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gas.
It is difficult to diagnose this disease due to the lack of specific symptoms and imperfect diagnostic methods. The highest quality test is the microbiological test, however, due to the invasiveness of the method and the difficulties with precise collection of the material, less invasive tests are used, primarily the hydrogen breath test.
The mainstay of treatment of bacterial overgrowth is antibiotic therapy, which aims to reduce the amount of bacteria to the extent that the patient does not feel the disease. It is also important to eat a diet rich in fiber and low in fermenting oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols.
Patients with the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth rarely develop symptoms of a severe course of the disease, however, due to the unpleasant symptoms and relatively easy treatment methods, the disease should be included in the differential diagnosis in people with risk factors and present symptoms.
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Burman, Andreanna, and Izumi Kaji. "Luminal Chemosensory Cells in the Small Intestine." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 3712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113712.
In addition to the small intestine’s well-known function of nutrient absorption, the small intestine also plays a major role in nutrient sensing. Similar to taste sensors seen on the tongue, GPCR-coupled nutrient sensors are expressed throughout the intestinal epithelium and respond to nutrients found in the lumen. These taste receptors respond to specific ligands, such as digested carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The activation of nutrient sensors in the intestine allows for the induction of signaling pathways needed for the digestive system to process an influx of nutrients. Such processes include those related to glucose homeostasis and satiety. Defects in intestinal nutrient sensing have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we review recent updates in the mechanisms related to intestinal nutrient sensors, particularly in enteroendocrine cells, and their pathological roles in disease. Additionally, we highlight the emerging nutrient sensing role of tuft cells and recent work using enteroids as a sensory organ model.
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Kunisawa, Jun, Yosuke Kurashima, Morio Higuchi, Masashi Gohda, Izumi Ishikawa, Ikuko Ogahara, Namju Kim, Miki Shimizu, and Hiroshi Kiyono. "Small and large intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes show distinct dependency on sphingosine 1-phosphate (42.11)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.42.11.
Abstract It is known that the composition of intraepithelial T lymphocyte (IEL) differs between small and large intestines, but the mechanism underlying that difference remains obscure. Here, we show that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays a key role in regulating intestinal IEL trafficking into the small and large intestines. High levels of type 1 S1P receptor (S1P1) expression was noted on naïve IELs expressing CD4 or CD8αβ, which leads to their preferential migration into the large intestine. In contrast, recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), double-positive thymocytes, and double-negative thymic T cell-committed precursors use S1P-independent trafficking pathway into the intestine. The former two populations exclusively migrate into the small intestine, while the latter double-negative thymic T cell-committed precursors migrate into both the small and large intestines. Hence, down-regulation of S1P1 expression inhibited naïve IEL migration into the intestines but did not affect the migration of thymic IEL precursors. These data are the first to demonstrate that a lipid-mediated system determines whether IELs migrate to the small or large intestine.
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Costa, Marcello, Timothy James Hibberd, Lauren J. Keightley, Lukasz Wiklendt, John W. Arkwright, Philip G. Dinning, Simon J. H. Brookes, and Nick J. Spencer. "Neural motor complexes propagate continuously along the full length of mouse small intestine and colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 318, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): G99—G108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00185.2019.
Cyclical propagating waves of muscle contraction have been recorded in isolated small intestine or colon, referred to here as motor complexes (MCs). Small intestinal and colonic MCs are neurogenic, occur at similar frequencies, and propagate orally or aborally. Whether they can be coordinated between the different gut regions is unclear. Motor behavior of whole length mouse intestines, from duodenum to terminal rectum, was recorded by intraluminal multisensor catheter. Small intestinal MCs were recorded in 27/30 preparations, and colonic MCs were recorded in all preparations ( n = 30) with similar frequencies (0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.58 ± 0.02 counts/min, respectively). MCs propagated across the ileo-colonic junction in 10/30 preparations, forming “full intestine” MCs. The cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine increased the probability of a full intestine MC but had no significant effect on frequency, speed, or direction. Nitric oxide synthesis blockade by Nω-nitro-l-arginine, after physostigmine, increased MC frequency in small intestine only. Hyoscine-resistant MCs were recorded in the colon but not small intestine ( n = 5). All MCs were abolished by hexamethonium ( n = 18) or tetrodotoxin ( n = 2). The enteric neural mechanism required for motor complexes is present along the full length of both the small and large intestine. In some cases, colonic MCs can be initiated in the distal colon and propagate through the ileo-colonic junction, all the way to duodenum. In conclusion, the ileo-colonic junction provides functional neural continuity for propagating motor activity that originates in the small or large intestine. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intraluminal manometric recordings revealed motor complexes can propagate antegradely or retrogradely across the ileo-colonic junction, spanning the entire small and large intestines. The fundamental enteric neural mechanism(s) underlying cyclic motor complexes exists throughout the length of the small and large intestine.
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Borkovcova, Marie, Vladimir Fiser, Martina Bednarova, Zdenek Havlicek, Anna Adámková, Jiri Mlcek, Tunde Jurikova, Stefan Balla, and Martin Adámek. "Effect of Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Red Fox Intestine on the Prevalence of Its Intestinal Parasites." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020343.
The aim of this study was (i) to compare levels of accumulated heavy metals in the fox intestines with and without parasites. Moreover, our research also dealt with (ii) examination of the relationship between heavy metal content in fox intestines and between the presence of fox intestinal parasites. The intestines of 34 hunter-killed foxes were dissected to detect the occurrence of parasites. In 15 intestinal samples, parasitic intestinal helminths were found. Heavy metal content in small intestine tissue and in parasites was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The prevalence of parasites was significantly dependent on Cd content in the host’s small intestine (p < 0.01). To conclude, the authors suggest that parasites are sensitive to Cd levels; their prevalence in the intestines of the fox host decreases to zero with increasing Cd content.
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&NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 3, no. 2 (March 1987): 339–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198703000-00024.
Russell, R. I. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 5, no. 2 (April 1989): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198904000-00001.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Intestine, Small":
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Masjedi, Mohsen. "Physiological inflammation of the small intestine during weaning in the rat /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm3973.pdf.
Dimas, Sophie Francis. "The response in the rat small intestine to infections of 5 and 50 cysticercoids of H. diminuta a morphometric study /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/MQ56172.pdf.
Gray, Allison J. "Saccharomyces boulardii and the small intestine." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282154.
Hastewell, J. G. "Pyrimidine transport in rat small intestine." Thesis, University of York, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373286.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of IBD is not fully understood and curative therapies are lacking. Consequently, development of robust intestine models, representative of the pathogenesis of IBD remains an unmet need. Thus, the overall aims of the studies presented in this thesis were to develop a number of models of small intestine including: genetically engineered murine model, epithelial cell culture models, and an intestinal stem cell organoid model which could reflect or be used to study the pathogenesis of IBD. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an important mediator of inflammation and tissue damage in IBD. The balance between IL-1 and IL-1Ra as a natural inhibitor plays a vital role in a variety of diseases. Here, this thesis investigated whether changes seen during IBD could be induced spontaneously by the removal of IL-1Ra in mice that lack a functional IL-1rn gene. Data presented from this thesis highlighted the importance of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. In addition, the potential of L-pNIPAM hydrogel scaffolds, which were developed by the research team at Sheffield Hallam University, was utilised to develop long-term 3D co-cultures of layered Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells under conditions representative of inflammation by treatment with IL-1β, TNFα, and hypoxia (1% O2) for 1 week was investigated. In vitro cell culture studies in this thesis have demonstrated that L-pNIPAM hydrogel supported long-term 3D co-culture model and stimulation with factors seen during inflammation recapitulated features of IBD. Finally, the potential of L-pNIPAM hydrogel scaffolds to develop 3D intestinal stem cell organoid model was investigated. The in vitro study demonstrated the ability of L-pNIPAM hydrogel as scaffold to support organoid formation and cell differentiation in vitro from small intestinal crypts and Lgr5+ stem cells isolated from mice.
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Dabareiner, Robin Marie. "Evaluation of the microcirculation of the equine small intestine following intramural distention and reperfusion." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09052009-040410/.
Lubin, Alexandre. "Preservation of the small intestine for transplantation." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23915.
Transplantation of the small intestine is technically feasible, and the only potentially curative method for patients with short gut syndrome. However this procedure is still infrequent, partially because there is still no reliable method to preserve the small bowel (SB) for a reasonable period of time between removal from the donor and transplantation. In search of a suitable medium for SB preservation, we evaluated different solutions which have been successfully used for preservation of other human organs (Eurocollins (EC), University of Wisconsin (UW) and lactated Ringer's (LR)) and tried to improve their effectiveness by adding superoxide dismutase and catalase or verapamil. The adequacy of preservation was assessed by evaluating the physiological properties of the intestine in vitro, using either the rat syngeneic model of intestinal transplantation, or human intestine obtained from organ donors. LR is a simple, inexpensive and universally available solution, and when supplemented with verapamil, it was as effective as the more complex EC and UW as a protectant against ischemic damage during cold storage of rat ileum. Studies on human intestine validated the rat as an experimental model since the relative effectiveness of the different solutions was similar, however, the human bowel appeared more vulnerable to ischemic and mechanical damage. The results indicate that creation of an effective preservation solution for the small intestine should be possible through appropriate modification of currently available preparations.
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Serrano, Maria. "Immature intraepithelial lymphocytes in the small intestine." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499939.
Al-Sawan, Shorooq M. Z. "Phosphate absorption in the rat small intestine." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287463.
Wallis, Jennifer Lesley. "Glucose transport in the aged small intestine." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287145.
Herlinger, Hans. Clinical imaging of the small intestine. Edited by Maglinte Dean D. T, Birnbaum Bernard A, and Herlinger Hans 1915-. 2nd ed. New York: Springer, 1999.
Bret, Pierre, Christine Cuche, and Gérard Schmutz. Radiology of the Small Intestine. Paris: Springer Paris, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-8178-0891-8.
Skandalakis, Lee J., and John E. Skandalakis. "Small Intestine." In Surgical Anatomy and Technique, 405–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8563-6_10.
Allen, Derek C., R. Iain Cameron, and Maurice B. Loughrey. "Small Intestine." In Histopathology Specimens, 47–58. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-673-3_5.
Allen, Derek C., R. Iain Cameron, and Maurice B. Loughrey. "Small Intestine." In Histopathology Specimens, 55–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57360-1_5.
Hodin, Richard A., and Jeffrey B. Matthews. "Small Intestine." In Surgery, 617–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57282-1_31.
Bateson, Malcolm C., and Ian A. D. Bouchier. "Small intestine." In Clinical Investigations in Gastroenterology, 52–75. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5630-1_6.
Bateson, Malcolm C., and Ian A. D. Bouchier. "Small Intestine." In Clinical Investigations in Gastroenterology, 47–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53786-3_6.
Coit, Daniel G., David Kelsen, Laura H. Tang, Jeremy J. Erasmus, Hans Gerdes, and Wayne L. Hofstetter. "Small Intestine." In AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 221–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40618-3_18.
Komuro, Terumasa. "Small Intestine." In Atlas of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in the Gastrointestinal Tract, 31–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2917-9_3.
Compton, Carolyn C., David R. Byrd, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Scott H. Kurtzman, Alexander Olawaiye, and Mary Kay Washington. "Small Intestine." In AJCC Cancer Staging Atlas, 155–67. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2080-4_12.
Conference papers on the topic "Intestine, Small":
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Montane, Roberto, Mihir S. Wagh, and Carl D. Crane. "A Study of the Forces on the Small Intestine From a Novel Suction Based Approach for Robotic Endoscopic Locomotion." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10395.
Many studies have been published regarding robotic endoscopes, however, very little has been done to quantify their effects on the intestine [1]. Here, the use of suction to hold onto the small intestine is investigated. These results will be used to develop an endoscope that is capable of being advanced deep into the small bowel. Prototype suction devices have been designed and various rigid suction tips tested on swine cadaveric intestines. Testing consisted of applying vacuum pressure to suction tips within the intestine. Suction tips were pulled in a shearing method against segments of swine intestine. Measurement data acquired determined parameters which generated the greatest amount of holding force while minimizing tissue damage. Vacuum pressures from 64 kPa–85 kPa were applied to suction tips. The measured force increased from 1.62 Newton (6 oz) to 3.89 Newton (14 oz) with increasing vacuum pressure. Even at the highest vacuum pressure employed (85 kPa) there were no visible signs of intestinal trauma. A maximum force of 3.89 Newton (14 oz) could be attained from a single tip. During in-situ experiments this method advanced the endoscope 25cm into the small intestine.
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Tulum, Gokalp, N. Tugrul Artug, Onur Osman, Tuncer Ergin, Uygar Teomete, and Ozgur Dandin. "Automatic segmentation of small intestine in computed tomography scans." In 2016 Elektrik-Elektronik, Bilgisayer, Biyomedikal Muhendislikleri Bilimsel Toplantisi (EBBT) [2016 Electrical, Electronic, Computer and Biomedical Engineering Meeting (EBBT)]. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ebbt.2016.7483693.
Palmada, Nadun, John E. Cater, Leo K. Cheng, and Vinod Suresh. "Modelling Flow and Mixing in the Proximal Small Intestine*." In 2020 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) in conjunction with the 43rd Annual Conference of the Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society. IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176688.
Garcia, Carolina J. Garcia, Suman Govindaraju, Marimar de la Cruz Bonilla, and Cullen M. Taniguchi. "Abstract 3745: Mechanisms of HIF2-mediated small intestine radioprotection." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-3745.
Garcia, Carolina J. Garcia, Suman Govindaraju, Marimar de la Cruz Bonilla, and Cullen M. Taniguchi. "Abstract 3745: Mechanisms of HIF2-mediated small intestine radioprotection." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-3745.
Yang, Xiaojian, and Benjamin S. Terry. "An Anchoring Mechanism Used to Implant a Biosensor in the Small Intestine." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14807.
Capsule Endoscopy (CE) has been used in last 10 years in medical diagnosis of intestine disease such as obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB)[1]. An estimated 19 million Americans[2] suffer from these kinds of small intestine disease. The major limitation of this method is that the incomplete examination found in one research is about 20% of 2300 examinations. Also it results in a small risk of obstructive symptoms. When retention happens, high-cost, quick surgical intervention is required.
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Demosthenous, Panayiota, and Julius Georgiou. "Towards a fluoroscopic cancer screening capsule for the small intestine." In 2014 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2014.6944284.
Horacek, Jan, Martin Horak, Jan Kolomaznik, and Josef Pelikan. "An Automatic Algorithm for Tracking Small Intestine in CT Enterography." In 2015 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2015.7371228.
Otuya, David O., Yogesh Verma, Jing Dong, Hamid Farrokhi, Sarah L. Giddings, Nitasha G. M. Bhat, Omair Shakil, Catriona N. Grant, and Guillermo J. Tearney. "Trans-nasal OCT imaging of the small intestine (Conference Presentation)." In Endoscopic Microscopy XIII, edited by Melissa J. Suter, Guillermo J. Tearney, and Thomas D. Wang. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2290732.
Zheng, Guang, Nannan Wang, and Hongtao Guo. "Digestive functions regulated by 6-shogaol towards stomach and small intestine." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bibm.2017.8218001.
Harmon, David L., Israel Bruckental, Gerald B. Huntington, Yoav Aharoni, and Amichai Arieli. Influence of Small Intestinal Protein on Carbohydrate Assimilation in Beef and Dairy Cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570572.bard.
The long term goal of the proposed research, "Influence of small intestinal protein on carbohydrate assimilation and metabolism in beef and dairy cattle" was to define the limits of small intestinal starch digestion and clarify regulatory mechanisms involved in starch assimilation in cattle. It was hypothesized that dietary protein plays a critical role in the regulation of intestinal digestion; however, studies clearly identifying this role were lacking. The first two experiments quantified starch digestion (disappearance from the small intestine) in response to known increments in duodenal protein supply and found that the quantity of DM, OM and starch disappearing from the small intestine increased linearly (P <.01) with protein infusion. A follow-up experiment also demonstrated that casein infusion linearly increased pancreatic a-amylase concentration and secretion rate. The final experiment provided critical data on metabolic fates of glucose derived from intestinal starch digestion. These data demonstrated that increasing postruminal starch supply does increase the metabolism of glucose by visceral tissues: however, this increase is minor (20%) compared with the increase in portal production (70%). These changes can have a dramatic impact on the glucose economy of the animal and result in large increases in the amount of glucose reaching peripheral tissues.
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John Poston, Nasir U. Bhuiyan, R. Alex Redd, Neil Parham, and Jennifer Watson. A Revised Model for Dosimetry in the Human Small Intestine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/839398.
Bellman, Jacob, and Daniela Stricklin. A Mathematical Model of the Human Small Intestine Following Acute Radiation and Burn Exposures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1014406.
Garcias, Lucas. Obstruction of the Small Intestine in the Abdomen without Surgery: Presentation of 5 Cases. Science Repository, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jscr.2022.02.04.
Introduction: The majority of SBOs develop secondary to postoperative adhesions, however nonsurgical etiologies must also be considered. Patients with no surgical history can develop SBO secondary to hernias, radiation, and other miscellaneous causes. Materials and Methods: Five cases of intestinal occlusion in a patient without previous abdominal surgery are presented. Discussion: Small bowel obstruction has been recognized as a life-threatening disease process. Stable patients should undergo conservative treatment and progress to surgical intervention only after failure of conservative treatment. Conclusion: Intestinal occlusion in patients without previous surgeries is a challenge for the Surgeon.
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Research, Gratis. Gallstone Pancreatitis. Gratis Research, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47496/gr.blog.08.
Wong, Eric A., and Zehava Uni. Nutrition of the Developing Chick Embryo: Nutrient Uptake Systems of the Yolk Sac Membrane and Embryonic Intestine. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697119.bard.
We have examined the developmental changes in composition, amount, and uptake of yolk nutrients (fat, protein, water and carbohydrates) and the expression ofnutrient transporters in the yolk sac membrane (YSM) from embryonic day 11 (Ell) to 21 (E21) and small intestine from embryonic day 15 (E15) to E21 in embryos from young (22-25 wk) and old (45-50 wk) Cobb and Leghorn breeder flocks. The developmental expression profiles for the peptide transporter 1 (PepTl), the amino acid transporters, EAAT3, CAT-1 and BOAT, the sodium glucose transporter (SGLTl), the fructose transporter (GLUT5), the digestive enzymes aminopeptidase N (APN) and sucraseisomaltase (SI) were assayed by the absolute quantification real time PCR method in the YSM and embryonic intestine. Different temporal patterns of expression were observed for these genes. The effect of in ovo injection of peptides (the dipeptide Gly-Sar, purified peptides, trypsin hydrolysate) on transporter gene expression has been examined in the embryonic intestine. Injection of a partial protein hydrolysate resulted in an increase in expression of the peptide transporter PepT2. We have initiated a transcriptome analysis of genes expressed in the YSM at different developmental ages to better understand the function of the YSM.
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Shapira, Roni, Judith Grizzle, Nachman Paster, Mark Pines, and Chamindrani Mendis-Handagama. Novel Approach to Mycotoxin Detoxification in Farm Animals Using Probiotics Added to Feed Stuffs. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592115.bard.
T-2 toxin, a toxic product belongs to the trichothecene mycotoxins, attracts major interest because of its severe detrimental effects on the health of human and farm animals. The occurrence of trichothecenes contamination is global and they are very resistant to physical or chemical detoxification techniques. Trichothecenes are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood stream. The hypothesis of this project was to develop a protecting system using probiotic bacteria that will express trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (Tri101) that convert T-2 to a less toxic intermediate to reduce ingested levels in-situ. The major obstacle that we had faced during the project is the absence of stable and efficient expression vectors in probiotics. Most of the project period was invested to screen and isolate strong promoter to express high amounts of the detoxify enzyme on one hand and to stabilize the expression vector on the other hand. In order to estimate the detoxification capacity of the isolated promoters we had developed two very sensitive bioassays.The first system was based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Human liver cells proliferation was used as the second bioassay system.Using both systems we were able to prove actual detoxification on living cells by probiotic bacteria expressing Tri101. The first step was the isolation of already discovered strong promoters from lactic acid bacteria, cloning them downstream the Tri101 gene and transformed vectors to E. coli, a lactic acid bacteria strain Lactococcuslactis MG1363, and a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei. All plasmid constructs transformed to L. casei were unstable. The promoter designated lacA found to be the most efficient in reducing T-2 from the growth media of E. coli and L. lactis. A prompter library was generated from L. casei in order to isolate authentic probiotic promoters. Seven promoters were isolated, cloned downstream Tri101, transformed to bacteria and their detoxification capability was compared. One of those prompters, designated P201 showed a relatively high efficiency in detoxification. Sequence analysis of the promoter region of P201 and another promoter, P41, revealed the consensus region recognized by the sigma factor. We further attempted to isolate an inducible, strong promoter by comparing the protein profiles of L. casei grown in the presence of 0.3% bile salt (mimicking intestine conditions). Six spots that were consistently overexpressed in the presence of bile salts were isolated and identified. Their promoter reigns are now under investigation and characterization.
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Zhou, Ting, Roni Shapira, Peter Pauls, Nachman Paster, and Mark Pines. Biological Detoxification of the Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol (DON) to Improve Safety of Animal Feed and Food. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613885.bard.
The trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants of grains, is produced by members of the Fusarium genus. DON poses a health risk to consumers and impairs livestock performance because it causes feed refusal, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, hemolytic effects and cellular injury. The occurrence of trichothecenes contamination is global and they are very resistant to physical or chemical detoxification techniques. Trichothecenes are absorbed in the small intestine into the blood stream. The overall objective of this project was to develop a protecting system using probiotic bacteria that will express trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase (Tri101) that convert T-2 to a less toxic intermediate to reduce ingested levels in-situ. The major obstacle that we had faced during the project is the absence of stable and efficient expression vectors in probiotics. Most of the project period was invested to screen and isolate strong promoter to express high amounts of the detoxify enzyme on one hand and to stabilize the expression vector on the other hand. In order to estimate the detoxification capacity of the isolated promoters we had developed two very sensitive bioassays.The first system was based on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). Human liver cells proliferation was used as the second bioassay system.Using both systems we were able to prove actual detoxification on living cells by probiotic bacteria expressing Tri101. The first step was the isolation of already discovered strong promoters from lactic acid bacteria, cloning them downstream the Tri101 gene and transformed vectors to E. coli, a lactic acid bacteria strain Lactococcuslactis MG1363, and a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus casei. All plasmid constructs transformed to L. casei were unstable. The promoter designated lacA found to be the most efficient in reducing T-2 from the growth media of E. coli and L. lactis. A prompter library was generated from L. casei in order to isolate authentic probiotic promoters. Seven promoters were isolated, cloned downstream Tri101, transformed to bacteria and their detoxification capability was compared. One of those prompters, designated P201 showed a relatively high efficiency in detoxification. Sequence analysis of the promoter region of P201 and another promoter, P41, revealed the consensus region recognized by the sigma factor. We further attempted to isolate an inducible, strong promoter by comparing the protein profiles of L. casei grown in the presence of 0.3% bile salt (mimicking intestine conditions). Six spots that were consistently overexpressed in the presence of bile salts were isolated and identified. Their promoter reigns are now under investigation and characterization.
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Kushak, Rafail. Analysis of Small Intestinal Microbiome in Children with Autism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada575715.
Maslennikov, Roman, Chavdar Pavlov, Andrey Kotzev, and Vladimir Ivashkin. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth Is Associated with Vasodilatation in Cirrhosis. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.04.15.
