Journal articles: 'Intervertebral disk Infections'

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Hovi, I., A. Lamminen, O. Salonen, and R. Raininko. "MR Imaging of the Lower Spine." Acta Radiologica 35, no. 6 (November 1994): 532–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519403500605.

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The findings on MR imaging of 28 patients with spinal infection and 40 patients with spinal malignant disease were compared. Spinal infections involved one to 4 vertebrae, usually (23/28) 2 vertebrae. The posterior elements were involved with certainty in 26/40 patients with malignancy but in none with infection. In the latter group, the posterior elements might have been involved in 3/28. The intervertebral disk between the infected vertebrae was involved in 26/28 patients and 21/28 had a paravertebral mass. Spinal malignancies affected the vertebrae alone in 19 patients and paravertebral extension was found in 21/40 patients. The intervertebral disk was involved only in one patient with malignancy. The differences in the distribution of the MR findings between spinal infection and spinal malignancy were highly significant (p < 0.001). The highest signal intensity of the infectious lesions on T2-weighted images was equal to or higher than that of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 26/28 patients. In contrast, the signal intensity of the malignant lesions was hypointense as compared to the CSF in 29/40 patients (p < 0.001). MR is a useful method for differentiating between infection and malignancy in the lower spine; T2-weighted images are especially valuable for differentiation.

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Ahsan, Md Kamrul, Md Masud Rana, Zahidul Haq Khan, Naznin Zaman, Md Hamidul Haque, and Abdullah Al Mahmud. "Aggressive discectomy for single level lumbar disk herniation." Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2017): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bsmmuj.v10i3.32911.

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<p class="Abstract">Aggressive open lumbar discectomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure for patients with persistent low back and leg pain. In this retrospective study, 1,380 patients were evaluated for long-term results of aggressive discectomy for the single level lumbar disk herniation. Demographic data, surgical data, complications and reherniation rate were collected and clinical outcomes were assessed using visual analogue score (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and modified Mcnab criteria. The mean follow-up period was 28.8 months. According to the modified Mcnab criteria, the long-term results were excellent in 640 cases, good in 445 cases, fair in 255 cases, and poor in 40 cases. The mean VAS scores for back and radicular pains and ODI at the end of 2 years were 1.1 ± 1.0, 1.5 ± 0.5 and 6.6 ± 3.1% respectively. The complications were foot drop (n=7), dural tear (n=14), superficial wound infection (n=17), discitis (n=37) and reherniation (n=64). The dural tear and superficial wound infections resolved after treatment but 28 discitis patients were treated by conservatively and the remaining 9 underwent surgery. Among reherniation patients, 58 underwent revision discectomy and 4 underwent transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and stabilization. Aggressive discectomy is an effective treatment of lumbar disk herniation and maintains a lower incidence of reherniation but leads to a collapse of disc height and in long run gives rise to intervertebral instability and accelerates spondylosis.</p>

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Troeltzsch, Matthias, Christof Birkenmaier, Christoph Schwartz, Bogdana Suchorska, Stefan Zausinger, and Alexander Romagna. "Oral Cavity Infection: An Underestimated Source of Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis?" Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 79, no. 03 (December 14, 2017): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608823.

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Background The incidence of pyogenic spondylodiscitis is increasing; however, the source of infection often remains obscure. We analyzed predisposing factors, pathogens, and outcome of patients undergoing surgical and/or conservative treatment of spondylodiscitis with a focus on the diagnostic work-up including a comprehensive maxillofacial assessment. Patients The analysis of prognostic factors comprised comorbidities, nicotine dependence, symptom duration, and oral cavity peculiarities. After a standardized diagnostic work-up, a detailed examination of the oral cavity was also performed. The outcome analysis included assessment of the patients' clinical status. Results Forty-one patients with pyogenic spondylodiscitis were investigated of whom 24% had undergone spinal surgery within 4 weeks before the infection. A total of 29% of patients were found to have a concomitant bacterial oral cavity disease, and in 22% the definitive source of infection remained unidentified. Among the 12 patients with oral cavity infections, 10 patients had periodontitis; 8, root canal pathologies; 6, periapical lesions, and another 8 patients, caries. In 25% of these patients, typical oral cavity pathogens were found in the intervertebral disk. The prevalence of oral cavity infections was associated with a history of nicotine dependence (p = 0.003). All other analyzed comorbidities did not differ compared with patients without an oral cavity focus. Conclusion Oral cavity infections appear to be a frequent source of pyogenic spondylodiscitis, with smoking its most relevant associated risk factor. In case of an unidentified infection focus, a detailed diagnostic work-up including a mandatory maxillofacial assessment is strongly recommended.

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McCutchen, Thomas M., and Brian G. Cuddy. "Intervertebral Disk Space Infection." Neurosurgery Quarterly 11, no. 3 (September 2001): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00013414-200109000-00004.

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Amir, J., and P. G. Shockelford. "Kingella kingae intervertebral disk infection." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29, no. 5 (1991): 1083–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.29.5.1083-1086.1991.

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Zeiger, Evan H., and Edward J. Zampella. "Intervertebral Disc Infection after Lumbar Chemonucleolysis: Report of a Case." Neurosurgery 18, no. 5 (May 1, 1986): 616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198605000-00017.

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Abstract Intervertebral disc space infection can be a serious and disabling complication of any procedure that affords entry for bacteria into the susceptible disc space. Most disc space infections occur after cervical or lumbar laminectomies. Discitis has been reported after myelography, lumbar puncture, paravertebral injection, and obstetrical epidural anesthesia. A case of septic discitis occurring after intradiscal therapy with chymopapain is presented. Patients who return for evaluation of recurrent spinal pain after chemonucleolysis, especially those with paravertebral muscle spasm, should be evaluated for the possibility of disc space infection by obtaining an erythrocyte sedimentation rate, peripheral white count, differential cell count, and plain roentgenograms. Radionuclide bone scans, although not specific, may provide further objective evidence leading to the diagnosis of an intervertebral disc space infection.

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Deeb, ZL, S. Schimel, RH Daffner, AR Lupetin, FG Hryshko, and JB Blakley. "Intervertebral disk-space infection after chymopapain injection." American Journal of Roentgenology 144, no. 4 (April 1985): 671–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.144.4.671.

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Fieve, Gérard, Jacques Fays, Jacques Pourrel, and Corinne Bernard. "Intervertebral Disk Space Infection Following Translumbar Aortography." Annals of Vascular Surgery 1, no. 3 (November 1986): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0890-5096(06)60139-8.

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Fieve, Gŕard, Jacques Fays, Jacques Pourrel, and Corinne Bernard. "Intervertebral disk space infection following translumbar aortography." Annals of Vascular Surgery 1, no. 3 (November 1986): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02732578.

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Zeiger, H. E., and E. J. Zampella. "Intervertebral disc infection after lumbar chemonucleolysis." Neurosurgery 18, no. 5 (May 1986): 616???21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-198605000-00017.

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Levy, David I., Michael N. Bucci, and Julian T. Hoff. "Discitis Caused by the Centers for Disease Control Microorganism Group Ve-1." Neurosurgery 25, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 655–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198910000-00026.

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Abstract An unusual case of discitis in a 60-year-old, insulin-dependent, diabetic man is presented. Radiographs of the lumbar spine demonstrated changes associated with infection of the intervertebral disc space. Cultures from the L5-S1 disc space grew the microorganism designated by the Centers for Disease Control as Group Ve-1, an organism that has had questionable clinical significance in the past, and has not been reported as a pathogen in an intervertebral disc space.

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Deml, Moritz C., Lorin M. Benneker, Tanja Schmid, Daisuke Sakai, Christoph E. Albers, Sven Hoppe, and Stephan Zeiter. "Ventral Surgical Approach for an Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Regeneration Model in Sheep Cervical Spine: Anatomic Technical Description, Strengths and Limitations." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 32, no. 05 (June 3, 2019): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688988.

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Abstract Objective Sheep are used as a large animal model for intervertebral disc research. However, for the ovine ventral surgical approach to the cervical disc, limited descriptions exist. We, therefore, give a detailed in vivo anatomical description of this approach in sheep for the use in intervertebral disc regeneration and degeneration models to increase the reproducibility of such interventions. Materials and Methods Eighteen female Swiss white alpine sheep, with an age range of 2 to 4 years, were used. A ventral surgical access was performed to establish defined intervertebral disc punch defect from cervical levels C3/4 to C5/6. Cervical levels C2/3 and C6/7 were used as negative controls. Intraoperative findings, radiographical controls and postoperative clinical follow-up were documented and collected for this clinical report. Results All sheep recovered rapidly from the surgical intervention. Two sheep developed wound seroma, which resorbed spontaneously. Two further sheep showed wound dehiscence within 3 days after surgery, which had to be revised. No clinical wound infections occurred and all sheep healed well and did not show any side effects related to the surgical procedure. Conclusion The ventral surgical access to the ovine cervical spine is a safe and reliable procedure. The advantage of the cervical intervertebral disc is the easier surgical access and the increased disc height compared to the sheep lumbar spine. Since the ovine cervical intervertebral disc shows a high grade of similarities (e.g. molecular characteristics) compared to human discs, it is a promising degeneration and regeneration model for disc diseases.

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Alexanyan, M. M., A. G. Aganesov, E. L. Pogosyan, T. M. Mrugova, M. A. Chukina, A. G. Ivanova, and E. G. Gemdzhian. "The role of infectious pathogens in etiopathogenesis of degenerative intervertebral disc disease." Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika (Spine Surgery) 17, no. 2 (June 17, 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/ss2020.2.23-30.

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Objective. To analyze the presence of infectious pathogens in the intervertebral disc tissues as possible pathogenetic factor in the development of degenerative diseases of the spine. Material and Method. In 2017–2018, a prospective exploratory research was conducted, which included 64 patients with degenerative disease of the spine who met the following inclusion criteria: the presence of clinically and instrumentally proven hernias of the intervertebral discs in the lumbosacral spine, the absence of a history of surgical interventions on the spine, non-intake of antibacterial drugs for the year before surgery, and Modic I and /or II type changes on MRI. All patients underwent interventions with sampling of intervertebral disc material; a total of 80 discs were examined. The obtained materials were subjected to microbiological and histopathological studies.Results. Out of 64 patients, only 1 (1.6 %) revealed the presence of bacterial flora in the intervertebral disc tissue (Propionibacterium acnes strain). It can be assumed that the identified bacterial flora is the result of contamination. It is also possible that the infectious agent joined already during the development of degenerative disease of the spine. If the bacterial flora was a pathogenetic factor, then it can be assumed that the pathogenesis of the disease is polyetiological and includes the infectious process as a rare event.Conclusions. Given the high interest of specialists in the pathogenesis of degenerative diseases, it seems appropriate to conduct further studies in this direction using various laboratory diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity.

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Alpantaki, K., P. Katonis, A. G. Hadjipavlou, D. A. Spandidos, and G. Sourvinos. "Herpes virus infection can cause intervertebral disc degeneration." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 93-B, no. 9 (September 2011): 1253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.93b9.27002.

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Malik, Ghaus M., and Patrick McCormick. "Management of Spine and Intervertebral Disc Space Infection." Contemporary Neurosurgery 10, no. 8 (1988): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00029679-198810080-00001.

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Lang, E. W., and L. H. Pitts. "Intervertebral disc space infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus." European Spine Journal 5, no. 3 (June 1996): 207–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00395517.

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Lucio, Emmanuel, Adekunle Adesokan, Alexander G. Hadjipavlou, Wayne N. Crow, and Patrick A. Adegboyega. "Pyogenic Spondylodiskitis." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 124, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2000-124-0712-ps.

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AbstractBackground.—Intervertebral disk tissue is resistant to hematogenous infection because of its avascularity. However, spondylodiskitis is being diagnosed with increasing frequency because of advancement in magnetic resonance imaging technology. There is a dearth of information regarding the bacteriology, histomorphologic features, and radiopathologic correlation of spondylodiskitis.Design.—The study population consisted of 20 patients diagnosed as having spondylodiskitis by magnetic resonance imaging with and without gadolinium 67 enhancement and bone scans with technetium Tc 99m or gallium citrate Ga 67. Twenty-seven biopsy and debridement specimens were obtained from these patients. The specimens were cultured for microorganisms and also processed for histopathologic testing. Tissue sections were examined with hematoxylin-eosin and stains for infectious agents (Gomori's methenamine-silver, Gram, and Ziehl-Neelsen stains).Results.—Where intervertebral disk tissue was present (23 of 27 cases), the morphologic changes included vascularization (with or without granulation tissue), myxoid degeneration, and necrosis. Chronic osteomyelitis was present in all 27 specimens and was associated with acute osteomyelitis in 7 cases (25%). Twenty-one of 27 cases had positive culture results (mostly pyogenic bacteria), but special stains revealed microorganisms in sections of the disk in only 4 cases (3 cases with gram-positive cocci and 1 with yeast consistent with Blastomyces). Florid acute inflammation was present in all the 4 cases.Conclusion.—Histopathologic features of acute spondylodiskitis include vascular proliferation, myxoid degeneration, and necrosis of the disk tissue with adjacent chronic osteomyelitis. Acute inflammation is variable and when florid is usually associated with identifiable organisms on histologic examination. At biopsy, tissue should be submitted for culture, since culture has a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting the etiologic organism.

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Cai, Hong-Xin, Chao Liu, and Shun-Wu Fan. "Routinely using prophylactic antibiotic may not effectively prevent intervertebral disc infection: A new strategy to preventing postoperative intervertebral disc infection." Medical Hypotheses 76, no. 4 (April 2011): 464–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.021.

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Adam, Danil, Toma Papacocea, Ioana Hornea, and Cristiana Moisescu. "Topical vancomycine and bacterial culture from intervertebral herniated disc prevent postoperative osteodiscitis." Romanian Neurosurgery 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/romneu-2014-0057.

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Abstract Osteodiscitis represents a serious complication of lumbar disc herniation operations. The treatment of osteodiscitis is controversial and expensive to society. It extends over a period of several months from diagnosis. Reducing postoperative osteodiscitis by using simple measures may limit patient's suffering and reduce costs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the early diagnosis of bacterial infections of the intervertebral disc by isolating germs located in the herniated disc fragment and topical Vancomycine powder application, along with the conventional anti-infective therapy. Medical files of patients who were operated on for lumbar disc herniations during 01.01.2013 - 30.06.2014 were reviewed. The diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation was established based on the clinical evaluation, confirmed by MRI results. The surgical intervention was performed by mini-open approach: fenestration and foraminotomy completed with removal of the herniated disc fragment and disc remnants from the intervertebral space. A group of 162 patients (group A) received conventional therapy for prevention of post-operative infections with 2 doses of cephalosporin. In the second group of 137 patients (group B), after the removal of the herniated disc fragments, 1g of Vancomycine powder was topically applied and the disc fragments were bacteriologically analyzed. They received the conventional treatment of preventing post-operative infections with cephalosprin - 2 doses. The two groups of patients were similar in terms of demographic characteristics: age, sex, operative level. Out of the 162 patients of group A, one patient developed postoperative osteodiscitis and was treated for 3 months with antibiotics. Regarding patients in group B, in four cases Staphylococcus was isolated from the disc fragments. Postoperative treatment for these patients with prolonged antibiotic therapy over the standard period avoided the developement of the clinical picture of osteodiscitis. Postoperative osteodiscitis requires prolonged antibiotherapy. By using simple measures, like topical Vancomycine powder application and early isolation of germs from the herniated intervertebral disc, followed by the immediate establishment of appropriate antibiotic treatment, this serious complication is avoided.

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El Khoury, Christina, Philippe Younes, Rabih Hallit, Nabil Okais, and Matta Antoun Matta. "Candida glabrata spondylodiscitis: A case report." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 02.1 (February 22, 2018): 32S. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10062.

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Introduction: Spondylodiscitis is an infection in the intervertebral disc space and adjacent end plates. It can be attributed to bacteria, mycobacteria or fungi. As the number of immunosuppressed patients continues to grow, the incidence of developing fungal infections has become more frequent. Methodology: We report the case of a 53-year-old immunocompetent female patient with a fungal spondylodiscitis infection caused by Candida glabrata diagnosed by open surgical biopsy, one-month posturosepsis. Results: Our patient with Candida glabrata was disease free in 6 months after being treated through surgical fusion at the level of C4-C5 and the use of intravenous micafungin followed by oral voriconazole for a total of 6 months. Discussion: Fungal spondylodiscitis, especially due to Candida glabrata, remains a rare condition, usually suspected in immunocompromised and elderly patients. Without appropriate diagnosis and tailored surgical and medical treatment, the infection can be progressive and yield to deleterious complications such as vertebral destruction. Surgical debridement of the disc alongside fusion and antifungal therapy for a minimum of 3 months are highly recommended.

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Guiboux, Jean-Paul, Jeffrey B. Cantor, Samuel D. Small, Marcus Zervos, and Harry N. Herkowitz. "The Effect of Prophylactic Antibiotics on Iatrogenic Intervertebral Disc Infections." Spine 20, no. 6 (March 1995): 685–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199503150-00009.

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Souza, Cristiano Gonzaga de, Emerson Leandro Gasparetto, Edson Marchiori, and Paulo Roberto Valle Bahia. "Pyogenic and tuberculous discitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings for differential diagnosis." Radiologia Brasileira 46, no. 3 (June 2013): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-39842013000300012.

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Spondylodiscitis represents 2%–4% of all bone infections cases. The correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment can prevent complications such as vertebral collapse and spinal cord compression, avoiding surgical procedures. The diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical and radiographic findings and confirmed by blood culture and biopsy of the disc or the vertebra. The present study was developed with Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital patients with histopathologically and microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of spondylodiscitis, submitted to magnetic resonance imaging of the affected regions. In most cases, pyogenic spondylodiscitis affects the lumbar spine. The following findings are suggestive of the diagnosis: segmental involvement; ill-defined abscesses; early intervertebral disc involvement; homogeneous vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs involvement. Tuberculous spondylodiscitis affects preferentially the thoracic spine. Most suggestive signs include: presence of well-defined and thin-walled abscess; multisegmental, subligamentous involvement; heterogeneous involvement of vertebral bodies; and relative sparing of intervertebral discs. The present pictorial essay is aimed at showing the main magnetic resonance imaging findings of pyogenic and tuberculous discitis.

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Kerwin, SC, RJ McCarthy, JL VanSteenhouse, BP Partington, and J. Taboada. "Cervical spinal cord compression caused by cryptococcosis in a dog: successful treatment with surgery and fluconazole." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 34, no. 6 (November 1, 1998): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-34-6-523.

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A six-year-old, male Doberman pinscher was presented for acute onset of upper motor neuron tetraparesis. An extradural compressive lesion compatible with intervertebral disk rupture at the sixth to seventh cervical (C6-C7) disk space was evident on myelography. A large, gelatinous mass of pure cryptococcal organisms causing spinal cord compression was identified upon exploratory surgery. Removal of the mass caused relief of clinical signs. No evidence of involvement of other organ systems was found; however, serum and cerebrospinal fluid titers were positive for cryptococcal infection. The dog was treated with fluconazole (5.5 mg/kg body weight, per os sid) until serum titers for cryptococcal infection were negative at seven months postsurgery. To the authors' knowledge, this is the only report of a dog with cryptococcosis treated successfully using fluconazole as a sole agent.

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Prudnikova, O. G., Z. S. Naumenko, N. S. Migalkin, M. V. Khomchenkov, N. V. Godovykh, T. A. Stupina, and D. V. Sorokin. "THE ROLE OF INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION IN INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION." Hirurgiâ pozvonočnika 15, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.14531/ss2018.1.91-100.

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Walters, Rebecca M., Samantha H. E. Smith, M. John Hutchinson, A. Mark Dolan, Robert D. Fraser, and Robert J. Moore. "Effects of Intervertebral Disc Infection on the Developing Ovine Spine." Spine 30, no. 11 (June 2005): 1252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000164102.31726.0a.

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Stephanian, Erick, Robert J. Coffey, and Ricardo Segal. "Intervertebral Disc Space Infection and Osteomyelitis Due to Hemophilus Species." Journal of Spinal Disorders 2, no. 2 (June 1989): 114???119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002517-198906000-00009.

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Kochnev, Ye Ya, S. Vl Lyulin, S. V. Mukhtyaev, and I. A. Meshcheryagina. "Minimally invasive surgery for spine osteomyelitis treatment." Siberian Medical Review, no. 1 (2021): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20333/2500136-2021-1-104-110.

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The aim of the research is to study the results of minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of nonspecifi c infectious spine lesions, and to present personal experience. Material and methods. Three patients with purulent nonspecifi c spondylodiscitis of lumbar spine got minimally invasive surgical treatment. The essence of surgical intervention included X-ray-assisted placement of tubular retractors in the area of intervertebral disc aff ected by purulent process; debridement and irrigation with antiseptic solution of interbody space, and setting a drain tube. All patients were treated during the period from December 2016 to February 2019. They were examined before surgery and in 3 months aft er the discharge. Laboratory parameters (CBT, C-reactive protein, bacteriological analysis of intervertebral disc contents) and instrumental research methods (computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) were evaluated. ODI, VAS, SF-36 questionnaires helped to assess pain syndrome and life quality of patients. Results. In 100 % of studied cases infection was caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The result of treatment in all cases was assessed as good, because pain syndrome, neurological disorders and inflammatory process were arrested; there were no signs of disease progression. In all cases, life quality of patients was restored. In one case, additional surgical intervention was required (posterior instrumental fi xation of spine) because of instability signs. Conclusion. Minimally invasive surgical treatment of purulent single-level spondylodiscites can be recommended for practical use. The use of such approache allows to verify purulent infection agent, to damage soft tissues less getting proper sanitation of interbody space. It also allows to stop the infection and restore life quality of a patient

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Fisher, Robert G., John W. Bromley, George L. Becker, Mark Brown, and Vert Mooney. "Surgical experience following intervertebral discolysis with collagenase." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 4 (April 1986): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.4.0613.

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✓ Of 410 patients with refractory herniated lumbar disc disease treated with intradiscal collagenase, 82 (20%) did not respond to enzyme treatment and subsequently underwent surgery. Failure to improve in 6 to 8 weeks was the predominant cause for surgical intervention (53 patients). Increased pain (18 patients), progressing neurological deficit (10 patients), and disc-space infection (one patient) were the other indications for surgery. At surgery, extrusions and/or sequestrations were found in 46 patients, undigested protrusions in 16 patients, and other causes of treatment failure in 14 patients. Six patients had normal findings. There was no evidence of adverse enzyme activity on the surrounding structures. Surgical results showed an overall success rate of 87%, and did not appear to be compromised by the previous enzyme therapy.

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Ghafoor, Nusrat, Syeeda Showkat, Bishwajit Bhowmik, Shahryar Nabi, Mahmood uz Jahan, and Shaikh Muhammad Nuruzzaman. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Infective Vertebral Lesions." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 46, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v46i3.52570.

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Background: Infective vertebral lesions usually involve the vertebral column, including the bone, intervertebral disk and paravertebral soft tissues. Variable imaging characteristics in conjunction with clinical findings can facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. MRI is a powerful imaging tool that can be help to evaluate spinal pathology specially infection. Typical MRI findings of infective vertebral disease are vertebral endplate destruction, bone marrow and intervertebral disc signal intensity changes and para vertebral soft tissue involvement. Objective: This study was aimed to assess whether the MRI can different the in differentiate the invective vertebral lesions from benign or malignant Tumors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 52 clinically suspected patients of infective vertebral lesions to establish diagnostic accuracy of MRI. The validity of MRI diagnosis for infective vertebral lesion was compared against CT-guided fine needle aspiration cytological (FNAC) diagnosis. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPVs and NPVs) and finally diagnostic accuracy of MRI were calculated by comparing the MRI diagnoses with those of fine needle aspiration cytological diagnosis of vertebral lesions. Finally the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of MRI diagnosis for infective vertebral lesion were 95.6%, 85.7%, 97.7% and 75.0% respectively. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 94.2%. Conclusion: Finding of this study suggested that MRI should be considered as the imaging modality of choice for patients with suspected infective vertebral lesions. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 233-239

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Miryala, Rakesh, Nandan Marathe, Abhinandan Reddy Mallepally, Kalidutta Das, and Bibhudendu Mohapatra. "Iatrogenic postoperative spondylodiscitis attributed to Burkholderia cepacia infection in an immunocompetent patient." Surgical Neurology International 12 (April 8, 2021): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_518_2020.

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Background: Pyogenic spondylodiscitis (PS) is a rare infection involving the intervertebral disk space, adjacent vertebral endplates, and vertebral bodies. PS occurs in the elderly and immunocompromised patients, and is an uncommon cause of initial and/or postoperative PS. There are only seven cases involving this organism reported in literature. Case Description: Here, we present a 35-year-old male who following a lumbar discectomy developed a postoperative iatrogenic PS uniquely attributed to Burkholderia cepacia. The patient was successfully managed with postoperative surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. Conclusion: Rarely, B. cepacia may be the offending organism resulting in a postoperative lumbar PS.

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Kim, Jin-Hyun, Jung-Il Kang, Min Jeong Kim, Seong-Eun Koh, Jongmin Lee, In-Sik Lee, and Heeyoune Jung. "Thoracic Infectious Spondylitis After Surgical Treatments of Herniated Lumbar Intervertebral Disc." Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 37, no. 5 (2013): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.5535/arm.2013.37.5.725.

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Li, Haibo, Jianjian Yin, Yongjing Huang, Nanwei Xu, Liang Chen, and Luming Nong. "Establishment of cervical dynamic and static imbalance models and preliminary study on the mechanism of cervical degeneration in rats." Innate Immunity 26, no. 2 (August 25, 2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753425919869427.

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This study aimed to observe dynamically the changes of x-ray, histomorphology appearance and serum inflammatory cytokines of cervical degenerative disease in rat models and to discuss the mechanism of cervical degeneration. Sixty Sprague Dawley rats were randomised into test ( n = 45) and control ( n = 15) groups, which were randomly subdivided into three groups corresponding to 1, 3 and 6 mo post operation. At the corresponding postoperative stage, cervical x-ray films were acquired, and intervertebral disc space and intervertebral foramen size were measured. Some serum inflammatory cytokines from all rats were quantitatively determined. Then, the morphological change in cervical intervertebral disc specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin was observed. The results were analysed and compared among groups. Compared to the control group, the cervical x-ray and histomorphology appearance of rats in the test group showed varying degrees of degeneration. Furthermore, the serum IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-10 in the test group increased significantly at the corresponding postoperative stage ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) compared to the control group. This model of cervical disc degeneration can accelerate imaging and histological degeneration, but it may be accompanied by changes in serum inflammatory cytokines levels.

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Schmid, Bettina, Oliver Hausmann, Wolfgang Hitzl, Yvonne Achermann, and Karin Wuertz-Kozak. "The Role of Cutibacterium acnes in Intervertebral Disc Inflammation." Biomedicines 8, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8070186.

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Recently, the role of infection of the intervertebral disc (IVD) with Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes) as a contributor to disc-related low back pain (LBP) has been discussed. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how C. acnes contributes to the inflammatory processes during IVD disease. The prevalence of C. acnes infection in human IVD tissue was determined by aerobic and anaerobic culture. Thereafter, primary human IVD cells were infected with a reference and a clinical C. acnes strain and analyzed for pro-inflammatory markers (gene/protein level). In a subsequent experiment, the involvement of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway was investigated by co-treatment with sparstolonin B, a TLR2/4 inhibitor. We detected C. acnes in 10% of IVD biopsies (with either herniation or degeneration). Stimulating IVD cells with both C. acnes strains strongly and significantly upregulated expression of Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). IL-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and iNOS expression was reduced upon TLR2/4 inhibition in 3 out of 5 donors, whereby responders and non-responders could not be differentiated by their basal TLR2 or TLR4 expression levels. We demonstrate that exposure of IVD cells to C. acnes induces an inflammatory response that may contribute to the development of discogenic LBP by involving TLR2/4 activation, yet only in a subgroup of patients. Whether the same response will be observed in vivo and where lower inoculums are present remains to be proven in future studies.

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Wu, Adam S., and Daryl R. Fourney. "Histopathological Examination of Intervertebral Disc Specimens: A Cost-Benefit Analysis." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 34, no. 4 (November 2007): 451–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100007344.

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Object:Routine histopathological examination of intervertebral disc specimens is commonly performed in North American hospitals, but recent studies have questioned the utility of this practice in cases where the indication for surgery is a benign process such as degenerative disc disease. In this study, we have performed a cost-benefit analysis of this practice.Methods:We performed a cost-benefit analysis of routine histopathological examination of 1775 routine (non-neoplastic and non-infectious indications for surgery) and 70 non-routine (suspected neoplastic or infectious indications for surgery) discectomy specimens obtained over an eight-year period (1996 and 2004). Chart reviews were used to determine if any histopathology findings were clinically significant (i.e., affected subsequent patient care). Total costs were calculated. A literature review was conducted to compare our results with other published series.Results:We found four unexpected histopathology results among 1775 specimens obtained from routine cases, one of which was clinically significant. We calculated costs of $42,165.25 per unexpected histopathological finding and $168,625 per clinically significant histopathological finding. For non-routine surgeries, the cost per abnormal pathological finding was $116.67.Conclusions:In routine cases, histopathological examination of disc specimens is not justified. The decision to send specimens for pathological examination should be based on the surgeon's judgment.

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Astur, Nelson, Delio E. Martins, Marcelo Wajchenberg, Mario Ferretti, Fernando G. Menezes, Andre M. Doi, Laercio A. Rosemberg, et al. "SubclinicalPropionibacterium acnesinfection estimation in the intervertebral disc (SPInE-ID): protocol for a prospective cohort." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (November 2017): e017930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017930.

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IntroductionLow back pain and vertebral endplate abnormalities are common conditions within the population. Subclinical infection caused by indolent pathogens can potentially lead to these findings, with differentiation between them notably challenging from a clinical perspective. Progressive infection of the intervertebral disc has been extensively associated with increasing low back pain, withPropionibacterium acnesspecifically implicated with in relation to sciatica. The main purpose of this study is to identify if the presence of an infective pathogen within the intervertebral disc is primary or is a result of intraoperative contamination, and whether this correlates to low back pain.Methods and analysisAn open prospective cohort study will be performed. Subjects included within the study will be between the ages of 18 and 65 years and have a diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation requiring open decompression surgery. Excised herniated disc fragments, muscle and ligamentum flavum samples will be collected during surgery and sent to microbiology for tissue culture and pathogen identification. Score questionnaires for pain, functionality and quality of life will be given preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. A MRI will be performed 12 months after surgery for analysis of Modic changes and baseline comparison. The primary endpoint is the rate of disc infection in patients with symptomatic degenerative disc disease. The secondary endpoints will be performance scores, Modic incidence and volume.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by our Institutional Review Board and was only initiated after it (CAAE 65102617.2.0000.0071). Patients agreeing to participate will sign an informed consent form before entering the study. Results will be published in a peer reviewed medical journal irrespective of study findings. If shown to be the case, this would have profound effects on the way physicians treat chronic low back pain, even impacting health costs.Trials registration numberNCT0315876; Pre-results.

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Taºdemirođlu, Erol, Ahmet Sengöz, and Erdem Bagatur. "Iatrogenic spondylodiscitis." Neurosurgical Focus 16, no. 6 (June 2004): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.16.6.9.

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Iatrogenic intervertebral disc space infection is encountered following microsurgical discectomy, percutaneous laser disc decompression, automated percutaneous lumbar nucleotomy operations, and discography. The purpose of this paper is to present a case report and review the literature on the uncommon origins of pyogenic spondylodiscitis and to emphasize the significance of prophylactic antibiotic therapy following transrectal ultrasonography-guided needle biopsy of the prostate (TUGNBP). According to the authors, this is the first reported case of pyogenic spondylodiscitis as a complication of TUGNBP in the English language literature.

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Neto, Nelson Astur, Marcelo Wajchenberg, Michel Kanas, Alberto O. Gotfryd, Mario Lenza, and Delio E. Martins. "106. Subclinical propionibacterium acnes infection estimation in the intervertebral disc (SPInE-ID)." Spine Journal 19, no. 9 (September 2019): S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2019.05.119.

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ZAMPELLA, EDWARD J., and H. EVAN ZEIGER. "Epidural Morphine as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Infection." Spine 12, no. 8 (October 1987): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198710000-00023.

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Quah, C., G. Syme, GN Swamy, S. Nanjayan, A. Fowler, and D. Calthorpe. "Obesity and recurrent intervertebral disc prolapse after lumbar microdiscectomy." Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 96, no. 2 (March 2014): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/003588414x13814021676873.

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Introduction The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between obesity and recurrent intervertebral disc prolapse (IDP) following lumbar microdiscectomy. Methods A retrospective review of case notes from 2008 to 2012 was conducted for all patients who underwent single level lumbar microdiscectomy performed by a single surgeon. All patients were followed up at two weeks and six weeks following surgery, and given an open appointment for a further six months. Results A total of 283 patients were available for analysis: 190 (67%) were in the non-obese group and 93 (32.9%) in the obese group. There was no statistical difference in postoperative infection, dural tear or length of stay between the non-obese and obese groups. Recurrent symptomatic IDP was seen in 27 patients (9.5%) confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. Nineteen (10.0%) were in the non-obese group and eight (8.6%) in the obese group (p>0.8). Conclusions In our study, obesity was not a predictor of recurrent IDP following lumbar microdiscectomy. Our literature review confirmed that this study reports the largest series to date analysing the relationship between obesity and recurrent IDP following lumbar microdiscectomy in the British population.

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Stosic-Opincal, Tatjana, Vesna Peric, Danica Grujicic, Svetlana Gavrilovic, and Ivana Golubicic. "The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 61, no. 5 (2004): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0405479s.

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Background. Spondylodiscitis, discitis associated with vertebral osteomyelitis may follow disc-removal surgery. A targeted successful treatment of spinal infections requires clinical and laboratory data that are completed by the contribution of imaging procedures. Neuroimaging provides precise information on correct topography, localization, propagation, and differential diagnosis of spinal infectious lesions. The aim of this study was to present magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in patients with postoperative spondylodiscitis. Methods. MRI was performed in 6 patients aged 29-50, with clinically suspected postoperative spondylodiscitis. Initial examination was performed 3-8 weeks after surgery and 3, 6, or 12 months after the treatment by antibiotics. Patients underwent MRI on a 1T imaging unit (Siemens, Magnetom-Impact), including sagittal T1W and T2W images and axial T1W images before and after the administration of gadolinium contrast medium. Results. MRI findings included: significantly decreased signal intensity with the loss of distinction between vertebral body and intervertebral disc space on T1W, increased signal intensity in the adjacent vertebral body and end-plates on T2W, contrast enhancement of vertebral body and disc space and paravertebral soft tissue changes. Follow-up examinations performed 3, 6, or 12 months after the treatment showed less abnormal signal intensities on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Conclusion. Postoperative spondylodiscitis is a rare but severe complication of lumbar disc surgery. Since conventional imaging techniques are not reliable for detecting spondylodiscitis in its early stages, MRI is of great significance in the diagnosis of postoperative spondylodiscitis.

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Seong, Insu, Eunjung Kong, and Ikchan Jeon. "Clinical and Radiological Features Predicting Intervertebral Autofusion after Successful Antibiotic Therapy in Pyogenic Vertebral Osteomyelitis." Diagnostics 11, no. 8 (July 27, 2021): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081349.

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Background: Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis (PVO) is a bacterial infection involving the intervertebral disc, vertebral body, and paravertebral soft tissues. Damaged intervertebral structure is a major cause of persistent back pain even after successful antibiotic therapy, which can be improved by achieving autofusion or via additional surgical fixation. In this study, we analyzed the clinical and radiological features predicting intervertebral autofusion after successful antibiotic therapy in lumbar PVO. Methods: This study was retrospectively conducted with 32 patients (20 men and 12 women) diagnosed with lumbar PVO that was completely cured with no recurrences after antibiotic therapy. They were divided into two groups with (group A, n = 18) and without (group B, n = 14) intervertebral autofusion at six-month follow-up. Differences in back pain, blood inflammatory markers, and radiological features of PVO on simultaneous 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (18F-FDG-PET/MRI) of the intervertebral structure between the two groups were analyzed. Results: The mean duration of antibiotic therapy was 41.44 ± 14.21 (21–89) days. Group A showed a statistically higher erythrocyte sedimentation ratio (ESR; 59.28 ± 32.33 vs. 33.93 ± 18.76 mm/h, p = 0.014; normal range of ESR < 25), maximum standardized 18F-FDG uptake (SUVmax; 5.56 ± 1.86 vs. 3.98 ± 1.40, p = 0.013), and sustained extensive edematous changes on T2-weighted fat saturation (T2FS) MRI (p = 0.015) immediately after successful antibiotic therapy. However, no significant differences were observed in back pain, C-reactive protein, or the distribution of 18F-FDG uptake/contrast enhancement on 18F-FDG-PET/MRI (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Higher ESR and SUVmax of the intervertebral structure and sustained extensive edematous change on T2FS MRI immediately after successful antibiotic therapy are related with subsequent intervertebral autofusion, which should be carefully considered when assessing therapeutic response in PVO.

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Coscia, Erin C., Nader S. Abutaleb, Bradley Hostetter, Mohamed N. Seleem, Gert J. Breur, Robyn R. McCain, Christa J. Crain, et al. "Sheep as a Potential Model of Intradiscal Infection by the Bacterium Cutibacterium acnes." Veterinary Sciences 8, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8030048.

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The anaerobic bacterium Cutibacterium acnes has been increasingly linked to the development of degenerative disc disease (DDD), although causality is yet to be conclusively proven. To better study how this organism could contribute to the aetiology of DDD, improved animal models that are more reflective of human disc anatomy, biology and mechanical properties are required. Against this background, our proof-of concept study aimed to be the first demonstration that C. acnes could be safely administered percutaneously into sheep intervertebral discs (IVDs) for in vivo study. Following our protocol, two sheep were successfully injected with a strain of C. acnes (8.3 × 106 CFU/disc) previously recovered from a human degenerative disc. No adverse reactions were noted, and at one-month post inoculation all triplicate infected discs in our first animal grew C. acnes, albeit at a reduced load (5.12 × 104 to 6.67 × 104 CFU/disc). At six months, no growth was detected in discs from our second animal indicating bacterial clearance. This pilot study has demonstrated the feasibility of safe percutaneous injection of C. acnes into sheep IVDs under fluoroscopic guidance. The design of follow-up sheep studies to investigate the potential of C. acnes to drive pathological changes within infected discs should now be pursued.

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Cook, Laurie, Julie Byron, and Sarah Moore. "Urological Sequelae to Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Pet Dogs: A Natural Disease Model of Neuropathic Bladder Dysfunction." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 25, no. 3 (June 2019): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1310/sci2503-205.

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The authors review urologic dysfunction, including urine retention, incontinence, and recurrent and resistant urinary tract infection, in dogs as a sequela to acute spinal cord injury. Urologic sequelae to acute spinal cord injury (SCI) pose significant complications in human and canine patients impacting quality of life and long-term cost of treatment. Dogs with intervertebral disc extrusion may serve as a natural disease model of acute SCI for investigating translational interventions, both prophylactic and therapeutic, for urologic dysfunction in human SCI patients.

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Dauch, W. A. "Infection of the intervertebral space following conventional and microsurgical operation on the herniated lumbar intervertebral disc a controlled clinical trial." Acta Neurochirurgica 82, no. 1-2 (March 1986): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01456318.

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Olson, E. J., J. B. Parker, and C. S. Carlson. "Bacterial Diskospondylitis Associated with Posterior Paresis/Paralysis in North American Farmed Mink (Mustela vison)." Veterinary Pathology 42, no. 2 (March 2005): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1354/vp.42-2-125.

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Posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, with individual farms reporting the loss of as many as 700 animals each year. Although this disease has been recognized by North American mink farmers for approximately 40 years, there are few published reports focusing on this entity. The objective of this study was to investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease. Complete necropsy examinations were done on 40 clinically affected mink, ranging from 7 to 10 weeks of age, and on three normal animals in the same age range from two mink farms. Thirty-two of the 40 clinically affected animals had an isolated vertebral lesion characterized by bone lysis and proliferation that usually was centered on an intervertebral disk space in the midthoracic area. An inflammatory reaction, composed primarily of neutrophils, was present within the vertebral sections in 25 of the 40 affected animals (62.5%), and the presence of gram-positive cocci was confirmed in 8 of 10 animals (80%) in which bacterial organisms were observed histologically. Bacterial cultures from 15 affected animals yielded Streptococcus sp. from the intervertebral disk space in 13 of 15 (86.7%) animals and from heart blood in 6 of 8 (75%). A farm visit revealed no history or evidence of traumatic wounds as a source of infection in these animals, and the diet appeared to be adequate for skeletal development. We conclude that posterior paresis/paralysis in farmed mink is associated with bacterial diskospondylitis, likely occurring secondary to bacteremia/septicemia.

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Cabezudo, Jose M., Javier Olabe, and Fernando Bacci. "Infection of the Intervertebral Disc Space after Placement of a Percutaneous Lumboperitoneal Shunt for Benign Intracranial Hypertension." Neurosurgery 26, no. 6 (June 1, 1990): 1005–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199006000-00014.

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Sangwan, S. S., Rajeev Mittal, Z. S. Kundu, R. C. Siwach, Soneet Aggarwal, and R. K. Garg. "Prolapsed intervertebral disc with sciatica: the role of common peroneal nerve block." Tropical Doctor 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0049475054620680.

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A total of 210 patients of Lumbar disc prolapse with sciatica were given common peroneal block by infiltrating 2% xylocaine around the common peroneal nerve 3 cm below the head of fibula on the affected side. After receiving the block the pain decreased on from grade 2.99±0.46 to 0.91±0.99, and straight leg raising increased from 32.1±12.55 to 59.66±12.11 degrees. The method, as an outpatient procedure, has been found to be simple and useful in the patients of sciatica with prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disc potentially appropriate for a low-resource setting.

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Capoor, Manu N., Anna Konieczna, Andrew McDowell, Filip Ruzicka, Martin Smrcka, Radim Jancalek, Karel Maca, et al. "Pro-Inflammatory and Neurotrophic Factor Responses of Cells Derived from Degenerative Human Intervertebral Discs to the Opportunistic Pathogen Cutibacterium acnes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052347.

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Previously, we proposed the hypothesis that similarities in the inflammatory response observed in acne vulgaris and degenerative disc disease (DDD), especially the central role of interleukin (IL)-1β, may be further evidence of the role of the anaerobic bacterium Cutibacterium (previously Propionibacterium) acnes in the underlying aetiology of disc degeneration. To investigate this, we examined the upregulation of IL-1β, and other known IL-1β-induced inflammatory markers and neurotrophic factors, from nucleus-pulposus-derived disc cells infected in vitro with C. acnes for up to 48 h. Upon infection, significant upregulation of IL-1β, alongside IL-6, IL-8, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 (CCL4), nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), was observed with cells isolated from the degenerative discs of eight patients versus non-infected controls. Expression levels did, however, depend on gene target, multiplicity and period of infection and, notably, donor response. Pre-treatment of cells with clindamycin prior to infection significantly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. This study confirms that C. acnes can stimulate the expression of IL-1β and other host molecules previously associated with pathological changes in disc tissue, including neo-innervation. While still controversial, the role of C. acnes in DDD remains biologically credible, and its ability to cause disease likely reflects a combination of factors, particularly individualised response to infection.

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Fukushima, Kazuaki, Masao Horiuchi, and Noritaka Sekiya. "1418. Clinical Characteristics of Vertebral Osteomyelitis in Cancer Patients." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S516—S517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1282.

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Abstract Background Vertebral osteomyelitis (VOM) is an infection of vertebrae or intervertebral disc and associated with high mortality, decreased functional status, prolonged antibiotic use and recurrent infection. Although most of the patients with VOM often embody immunodeficiency or other comorbidities, characteristics of VOM in cancer patients remain to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to describe clinical profile, underlying disease, lesion site, pathogen, comorbidities, treatment, and outcome in patients with cancer. Methods This study was a retrospective observational study in a tertiary care cancer hospital with 801 beds. All patients with VOM were diagnosed by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging from July 2004 to March 2019. Culture-confirmed VOM was defined when causative pathogens were identified from the lesion site including vertebra, intervertebral disc, paravertebral or epidural abscess or when the result of blood culture was positive with compatible clinical symptoms. Data including patient characteristics, underlying diseases, lesion sites, type of infection, entry site of infection, results of bacterial culture, treatment, and outcome were collected by electronic medical records. We analyzed data of patients with culture-confirmed VOM between patients with cancer (C-VOM) and patients without cancer (NC-VOM). Death or re-treatment was the primary outcome. Statistical analysis was performed by STATA Version 15. Results Total number of patients diagnosed with VOM was 101, of which culture-confirmed VOM was 61 (C-VOM: 30 and NC-VOM: 31). Age, lesion sites, pathogen, or comorbidities were not significantly different between two groups (table). On the other hand, the rate of contiguous infection in C-VOM was significantly higher than NC-VOM (20.0 % vs. 0.0 %; P = 0.01). Univariate cox proportional hazard model revealed that cancer was risk of death or re-treatment (HR:3.14, 95% CI:1.07–9.24). Conclusion Poor prognosis and contiguous infection from adjacent infection sites should be concerned cancer patients with culture-confirmed VOM. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Olby, N. J., E. MacKillop, S. Cerda-Gonzalez, S. Moore, K. R. Muñana, M. Grafinger, J. A. Osborne, and S. L. Vaden. "Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection in Dogs after Surgery for Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 24, no. 5 (August 2, 2010): 1106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0567.x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Intervertebral disk Infections'

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