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Journal articles on the topic 'Intervertebral disc'
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1
Noerma Kurniawa, Ceccare, Yeni Cahyati, and Rizki Agung Basuki. "PERBANDINGAN POSISI KNEE JOINT FLEKSI DAN EXTENSI PEMERIKSAAN LUMBOSACRAL ANTERO POSTERIOR (AP) SUPINE DALAM MEMPERLIHATKAN DISCUS INTERVERTEBRALIS." JRI (Jurnal Radiografer Indonesia) 3, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55451/jri.v3i1.55.
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Background : Supine examination of lumbosacral antero posterior projection (AP) is used to obtain a clear lumbosacral radiograph, one of which shows an intervertebral disc. The objective the research was to determine the knee joint flexion position and knee joint extension position on the antero posterior lumbosacral (AP) Supine examination in the appearance of intervertebral discs.
Methods : Research of the position of the knee joint flexion and extension on the lumbosacral antero posterior (AP) Supine examination in displaying intervertebral discs, this is a comparative descriptive study, the researchers compared the position of the knee joint flexion and extension on Supine's lumbosacral antero posterior (AP) examination in showing the intervertebral disc so that it can be seen which position is better in performing Supine antero posterior (AP) lumbosacral radiographic examination in showing the intervertebral disc and which radiograph results. the best in establishing the diagnosis
Result : From the research data in showing the knee joint flexion and extension position, the mean value of the joint gap on Supine's lumbosacral (AP) examination in showing L-1 intervertebral disc in the knee joint flexion position was 8.8 mm while the knee joint extension position was 8.8 mm. 7 mm intervertebral disc L-2, knee joint flexion is 10.2 mm, while knee joint extension is 9.2 mm, intervertebral disc L-3, knee joint flexion is 9 mm, while knee joint extension is 7.8 mm , intervertebral disc L-4 knee joint flexion position is 11 mm while knee joint extension is 9.8 mm, lumbal sacrum joint knee joint flexion is 9 mm while knee joint extension is 6.6 mm.
Conclusion : The position of the knee joint flexion on the lumbosacral antero posterior (AP) examination Supine is better at showing the anatomical structure of the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, intervertebral foramen L1-L4, spinous processes, sacrum, and intervertebral disc joint gaps, intervertebral disc. The position of the knee joint extension on the examination of the lumbosacral antero posterior (AP) Supine can reveal the anatomical structures of the vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs, intervertebral foramen L1-L4, spinous processes, sacrum, but in revealing intervertebral disc joints, Intervertebral disc.
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Chabarova, Olga, Jelena Selivonec, and Alicia Menendez Hurtado. "Investigation of the Role of Osteoporotic Vertebra Degeneration on the Stability of the Lumbar Spine: In Silico Modelling under Compressive Loading." Bioengineering 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2024): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11050507.
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An evaluation of the impact of osteoporosis on loss of spinal stability, with or without intervertebral disc degeneration, using computational analysis is presented. The research also investigates the correlation between osteoporosis and intervertebral disc degeneration. Three-dimensional finite element models of human lumbar spine segments were used to assess the influence of osteoporosis on spinal stability. Five different models of age-related degeneration were created using various material properties for trabecular bone and intervertebral discs. Calculation results indicate that in a spine with osteoporosis, the deformation of the intervertebral discs can increase by more than 30% when compared to a healthy spine. Thus, intervertebral disc deformation depends not only on the degree of degeneration of the discs themselves, but their deformation is also influenced by the degree of osteoporosis of the vertebrae. Additionally, the load-bearing capacity of the spine can decrease by up to 30% with osteoporosis, regardless of the degree of intervertebral disc deformation. In conclusion, osteoporosis can contribute to intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Calleja-Agius, J., Y. Muscat-Baron, and M. P. Brincat. "Estrogens and the intervertebral disc." Menopause International 15, no. 3 (August 31, 2009): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/mi.2009.009016.
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Intervertebral discs are an integral part of the vertebral column. It has been shown that menopause has a negative effect on bone and on intervertebral discs. Estrogen has a beneficial effect of preserving the health of collagen-containing tissues, including the intervertebral disc. The intervertebral disc allows for mobility of the spine, and maintains a uniform stress distribution of the area of the vertebral endplates. Also, the disc influences spinal height. The disc tissue is adapted for this biomechanical function. The function of the spine is impaired if there is a loss of disc tissue. Narrowing of the disc space due to degeneration of intervertebral discs is associated with a significantly increased risk of vertebral fractures. Estrogen should be seen as the first-choice therapy for bones and other collagen-rich tissues, such as intervertebral discs, because it maintains homeostasis of the bone-remodelling unit. Unlike bisphosphonates, estrogen is unique in its ability to regenerate bone collagen after its disintegration, apart from suppressing osteoclastic activity. Besides, there is insufficient data on deterioration in bone qualities and micro-cracks in patients on long-term bisphosphonates.
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Fernandez-Moure, Joseph, Caitlyn A. Moore, Keemberly Kim, Azim Karim, Kevin Smith, Zonia Barbosa, Jeffrey Van Eps, Pranela Rameshwar, and Bradley Weiner. "Novel therapeutic strategies for degenerative disc disease: Review of cell biology and intervertebral disc cell therapy." SAGE Open Medicine 6 (January 1, 2018): 205031211876167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312118761674.
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Intervertebral disc degeneration is a disease of the discs connecting adjoining vertebrae in which structural damage leads to loss of disc integrity. Degeneration of the disc can be a normal process of ageing, but can also be precipitated by other factors. Literature has made substantial progress in understanding the biological basis of intervertebral disc, which is reviewed here. Current medical and surgical management strategies have shortcomings that do not lend promise to be effective solutions in the coming years. With advances in understanding the cell biology and characteristics of the intervertebral disc at the molecular and cellular level that have been made, alternative strategies for addressing disc pathology can be discovered. A brief overview of the anatomic, cellular, and molecular structure of the intervertebral disc is provided as well as cellular and molecular pathophysiology surrounding intervertebral disc degeneration. Potential therapeutic strategies involving stem cell, protein, and genetic therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration are further discussed.
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Shu, Cindy C., Susan M. Smith, Christopher B. Little, and James Melrose. "Elevated hypertrophy, growth plate maturation, glycosaminoglycan deposition, and exostosis formation in the Hspg2 exon 3 null mouse intervertebral disc." Biochemical Journal 476, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20180695.
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Abstract Heparan sulfate (HS) regulates diverse cell signalling events in intervertebral disc development and homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of ablation of perlecan HS/CS on murine intervertebral disc development. Genetic models carrying mutations in genes encoding HS biosynthetic enzymes have identified multiple roles for HS in tissue homeostasis. In the present study, we utilised an Hspg2 exon 3 null HS/CS-deficient mouse to assess the role of perlecan HS in disc cell regulation. HS makes many important contributions to growth factor sequestration, stabilisation/delivery, and activation of receptors directing cellular proliferation, differentiation, and assembly of extracellular matrix. Perlecan HS/CS-mediated interactions promote extracellular matrix assembly/stabilisation and tissue functional properties, and thus, removal of perlecan HS/CS should affect extracellular matrix function and homeostasis. Hspg2 exon 3 null intervertebral discs accumulated significantly greater glycosaminoglycan in the nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and vertebral growth plates than C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) I intervertebral discs. Proliferation of intervertebral disc progenitor cells was significantly higher in Hspg2 exon 3 null intervertebral discs, and these cells became hypertrophic by 12 weeks of age and were prominent in the vertebral growth plates but had a disorganised organisation. C57BL/6 WT vertebral growth plates contained regular columnar growth plate chondrocytes. Exostosis-like, ectopic bone formation occurred in Hspg2 exon 3 null intervertebral discs, and differences were evident in disc cell maturation and in matrix deposition in this genotype, indicating that perlecan HS/CS chains had cell and matrix interactive properties which repressively maintained tissue homeostasis in the adult intervertebral disc.
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Alberts, Russell, Arun-Angelo Patil, and Dongxue Zhou. "Single-unit artificial intervertebral disc." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 1, no. 1 (July 2004): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2004.1.1.0095.
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Object. The authors describe a new type of artificial disc called a single-unit artificial disc (SUAD). It is a single-unit disc without components, and there is no fixation system with which to maintain it in the disc space. It is theorized that its shape, hardness, and surface consistency, together with the compressive force exerted by the body's axial load, should be adequate to maintain the position of the disc in the disc space. In this paper the authors present their results of the kinematic tests in which the stability and integrity of the SUADs was tested. Methods. Panorobot was used for kinematic test fixture for fatigue testing for different types of SUAD. The test was performed after placing the disc between the C-5 and C-6 vertebral bodies (VBs) obtained from a cadaver. Eight pounds of weight was placed on the top of the container housing the C-5 VB to account for the weight of the head. The robot performed the following movements: 1) flexion—extension, 4.7° each; 2) lateral left—right bending, ± 2.1°; and 3) coupled rotation, ± 3.8°. Two flat discs (FDs) of 85 durometer (D), four 30D FD, two recess-edged discs (REDs) of 85D, and four custom-designed discs (CDDs) (custom molded to the disc space) of 30D were tested. None of the discs showed cracks or breakage at the end of the study. After 1 million cycles of excursions all 85D and 30D FD, and both 85D REDs showed weight loss. The 30D CDDs showed minimal weight gain at 1 million cycles. One of the CDDs, tested up to 5 million cycles, did lose weight at 5 million cycles. One 85D FD was extruded after 0.2 million cycles and one 85D RED rotated within the disc space. All other discs maintained their position in the disc space. Dimensional changes were minimal. Scanning electron microscopy of particles collected from one 30D CDD sample after 1 million cycles showed rough irregular granular particles 1 to 600 µm in diameter. Conclusions. These findings show that a 30D SUAD can maintain its position in the disc space without any anchoring device. Furthermore, at 1 million cycles of testing of 30 D SUAD, FDs did as well as the CDDs. This may be because softer discs mold to changes in dimension of the disc space. In addition the softer discs tend to wear less than the harder ones. Further fatigue study of 10 million cycles is needed to determine long-term efficacy, and the effects of wear on particles surrounding the joints need to be studied.
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Pauza, Kevin. "Cadaveric Intervertebral Disc Temperature Mapping During Disc Biacuplasty." October 2008 5;11, no. 10;5 (October 14, 2008): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2008/11/669.
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Background: Disc Biacuplasty is a procedure for treating discogenic pain through neuron ablation by heating intervertebral disc tissue using cooled, bipolar radiofrequency (RF) technology. This study demonstrates temperature profiles created by disc biacuplasty in human cadavers. Objective: To assess temperature profiles created by disc biacuplasty in human cadaver discs. Design: The design of the experiment is a cadaver study with temperature monitoring in the intervertebral disc during disc biacuplasty. Method: Seven human cadaver discs were sectioned from 2 cadavers. Each disc was instrumented with 11 temperature sensors and 2 cooled radiofrequency probes. Correct placement was verified with the aid of fluoroscopy. The discs were then immersed in a 37°C thermostatic water bath and the treatment protocol was applied. Temperatures were monitored as the discs were heated. Results: At 13 minutes, with the settings used in this study, the posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) temperature reached 40±3°C. The anterior disc reached 41±3°C. The outer layer of the posterior annulus fibrosus was heated to 54±6°C and the inner two-thirds of the posterior annulus fibrosus reached temperatures of 60±6°C. Conclusions: The anterior disc and PLL remained at safe temperatures below 45°C while temperatures throughout the center posterior and posterolateral disc were all raised above 45°C, sufficient for neural ablation. Key words: denervation, intervertebral disc, discogenic pain, radiofrequency ablation, transdiscal, disc biacuplasty
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Ylinen, P., R. M. Tulamo, M. Kellomäki, P. Türmälä, P. Rokkanen, and T. Palmgren. "Lumbar intervertebral disc replacement using bioabsorbable self-reinforced poly-L-lactide full-threaded screws, or cylindrical implants of polylactide polymers, bioactive glass and Polyactive™." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 16, no. 03 (July 2003): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632777.
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SummaryIntervertebral disc surgery leads to changes in the segmental anatomy and mobility, and subsequently to degenerative changes in the lumbar spine. Artificial intervertebral disc implants sufficient to replace the human lumbar intervertebral disc have been developed and the requirements for these defined. This is to our knowledge the first study on bioabsorbable intervertebral disc replacement implants. SR-PLLA screws, previously used in orthopaedic internal fixations, and cylindrical implants, specifially developed for this experimental preliminary study, were used to replace lumbar intervertebral discs of growing pigs. After a 15-week follow-up period, the radiological and histological changes in the intervertebral spaces were analyzed. The cylindrical implants were able to prevent narrowing of discectomied spaces, and tissue regeneration in the intervertebral space was induced and occured simultaneously with degradation of the implant.
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Zhou, Zhiyu, Manman Gao, Fuxin Wei, Jiabi Liang, Wenbin Deng, Xuejun Dai, Guangqian Zhou, and Xuenong Zou. "Shock Absorbing Function Study on Denucleated Intervertebral Disc with or without Hydrogel Injection through Static and Dynamic Biomechanical Tests In Vitro." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/461724.
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Hydrogel injection has been recently proposed as a novel therapy for disc degenerative diseases, with the potential to restore the spine motion and the intervertebral disc height. However, it remains unknown whether the new technique could also maintain the shock absorbing property of the treated intervertebral disc. In this study, 18 porcine lumbar bone-disc-bone specimens were collected and randomly divided into three groups: the normal with intact intervertebral discs, the mimic for the injection of disulfide cross-linked hyaluronan hydrogels following discectomy, and the control disc with discectomy only. In the static compression test, specimens in the mimic group exhibited displacements similar to those in the normal discs, whereas the control group showed a significantly larger displacement range in the first two steps (P<0.05). With the frequency increasing, all specimens generally displayed an increasing storage modulus, decreasing loss modulus, and tanδ. At any frequency point, the control group exhibited the largest value in all the three parameters among three groups while the normal group was the lowest, with the mimic group being mostly close to the normal group. Therefore, the hydrogel injection into the intervertebral discs greatly restored their shock absorbing function, suggesting that the technique could serve as an effective approach to maintaining biomechanical properties of the degenerative intervertebral disc.
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Danylevych, V. P. "The lumbar intervertebral discs in males and females: measures, correlation, modeling." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 26, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2022-26(1)-03.
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Annotation. The use of math algorithms for calculating the anatomical and functional parameters of the organs and systems based on somatometric parameters and allows to individualize and quantify the indicators of the norm. In order to build mathematical models to calculate the size of the lumbar spine intervertebral discs somatometry of almost healthy 80 girls and women aged 16-26 years and 74 juniors and men aged 17-28 years was performed. As well as magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine was used to obtain the MR-images in the axial, sagittal and frontal planes in the T2-TSE mode and to perform MR-morphometry by using the DICOM image processing program. The correlation analysis and estimation of interrelations of somatometric parameters with partial linear sizes of intervertebral disks, the sum of the disks’ sizes and relative somato-disk rate are carried out. Body weight was found to have strong correlations with relative somato-disc rate (mean correlation coefficients for L1-L5 intervertebral discs were 0.803 and 0.821 in women and men, respectively) and weak and very weak correlations with partial disc sizes. When constructing the regression model, as an intermediate stage of the calculation, the somato-disk rate (the ratio of mass-growth coefficient to the sum of the sizes of the intervertebral disc) was used. The simulation of the three sizes’ sum of intervertebral discs L1-L5 segments was ultimately based on weight and body length (coefficient of determination R2 is from 80.4% for the sum of the intervertebral discs L1-L2 in girls and women and boys and men, up to 89.7% for the sum of the size of the intervertebral disc L4-L5 in girls and women). Verification of the obtained mathematical models showed a discrepancy between the calculated and measured indicators of the sums of intervertebral disc sizes in the presence of disc degeneration. The used mathematical algorithm for calculating individualized indicators of linear dimensions of lumbar intervertebral discs on the base of somatometric parameters allowed to determine the absence of objective quantitative changes in unchanged intervertebral discs and avoid overdiagnosis.
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Danylevych, V. P. "The lumbar intervertebral discs in males and females: measures, correlation, modeling." Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University 26, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2022-26(1)-03.
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Annotation. The use of math algorithms for calculating the anatomical and functional parameters of the organs and systems based on somatometric parameters and allows to individualize and quantify the indicators of the norm. In order to build mathematical models to calculate the size of the lumbar spine intervertebral discs somatometry of almost healthy 80 girls and women aged 16-26 years and 74 juniors and men aged 17-28 years was performed. As well as magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine was used to obtain the MR-images in the axial, sagittal and frontal planes in the T2-TSE mode and to perform MR-morphometry by using the DICOM image processing program. The correlation analysis and estimation of interrelations of somatometric parameters with partial linear sizes of intervertebral disks, the sum of the disks’ sizes and relative somato-disk rate are carried out. Body weight was found to have strong correlations with relative somato-disc rate (mean correlation coefficients for L1-L5 intervertebral discs were 0.803 and 0.821 in women and men, respectively) and weak and very weak correlations with partial disc sizes. When constructing the regression model, as an intermediate stage of the calculation, the somato-disk rate (the ratio of mass-growth coefficient to the sum of the sizes of the intervertebral disc) was used. The simulation of the three sizes’ sum of intervertebral discs L1-L5 segments was ultimately based on weight and body length (coefficient of determination R2 is from 80.4% for the sum of the intervertebral discs L1-L2 in girls and women and boys and men, up to 89.7% for the sum of the size of the intervertebral disc L4-L5 in girls and women). Verification of the obtained mathematical models showed a discrepancy between the calculated and measured indicators of the sums of intervertebral disc sizes in the presence of disc degeneration. The used mathematical algorithm for calculating individualized indicators of linear dimensions of lumbar intervertebral discs on the base of somatometric parameters allowed to determine the absence of objective quantitative changes in unchanged intervertebral discs and avoid overdiagnosis.
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Toczylowska, Beata, Michal Woznica, Elzbieta Zieminska, and Leszek Krolicki. "Metabolic Biomarkers Differentiate a Surgical Intervertebral Disc from a Nonsurgical Intervertebral Disc." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 13 (June 24, 2023): 10572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310572.
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Background: Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is caused by disturbances in metabolic processes, which lead to structural disorders. The aim of this report is to analyze metabolic disorders in the degeneration process by comparing control discs with degenerated discs. In our research on the nucleus pulposus (NP), we used NMR spectroscopy of extracts of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds of the tissue. Methods: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy allows the study of biochemistry and cellular metabolism in vitro. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds were extracted from the NP of the intervertebral disc. In the NMR spectra, metabolites were identified and quantitatively analyzed. The results of our research indicate disturbances in the biosynthesis and metabolism of cholesterol, the biosynthesis and degradation of various fatty acid groups, ketone bodies, or lysine, and the metabolism of glycerophospholipids, purines, glycine, inositol, galactose, alanine, glutamate, and pyruvate in the biosynthesis of valine and isoleucine, leucine. All these disorders indicate pathomechanisms related to oxidative stress, energy, neurotransmission disturbances, and disturbances in the structure and functioning of cell membranes, inflammation, or chronic pain generators. Conclusions: NMR spectroscopy allows the identification of metabolites differentiating surgical from nonsurgical discs. These data may provide guidance in in vivo MRS studies in assessing the severity of lesions of the disc.
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Zhao, Runze, Wanqian Liu, Tingting Xia, and Li Yang. "Disordered Mechanical Stress and Tissue Engineering Therapies in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration." Polymers 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2019): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11071151.
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Low back pain (LBP), commonly induced by intervertebral disc degeneration, is a lumbar disease with worldwide prevalence. However, the mechanism of degeneration remains unclear. The intervertebral disc is a nonvascular organ consisting of three components: Nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus, and endplate cartilages. The disc is structured to support our body motion and endure persistent external mechanical pressure. Thus, there is a close connection between force and intervertebral discs in LBP. It is well established that with aging, disordered mechanical stress profoundly influences the fate of nucleus pulposus and the alignment of collagen fibers in the annulus fibrosus. These support a new understanding that disordered mechanical stress plays an important role in the degeneration of the intervertebral discs. Tissue-engineered regenerative and reparative therapies are being developed for relieving disc degeneration and symptoms of lower back pain. In this paper, we will review the current literature available on the role of disordered mechanical stress in intervertebral disc degeneration, and evaluate the existing tissue engineering treatment strategies of the current therapies.
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Gonchigar, Uma, Taryn Cazzolli, Samon Tavakoli-Sabour, and Viktor Bartanusz. "A lumbar chondroma originating from the intervertebral disc." Surgical Neurology International 14 (February 24, 2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_1171_2022.
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Background: Chondromas, benign cartilaginous primary bone tumors, seldom occur in the spine. Most spinal chondromas arise from the cartilaginous parts of the vertebra. Chondromas originating from the intervertebral disc are extraordinarily rare. Case Description: A 65-year-old female experienced recurrence of low back pain and left-sided lumbar radiculopathy after microdiscectomy and microdecompression. A mass continuous with the intervertebral disc was found to be compressing the left L3 nerve root and was resected. Histologic examination revealed a benign chondroma. Conclusion: Chondromas developing from the intervertebral disc are extremely rare; we could find only 37 reported cases. Identification of these chondromas is difficult because until surgical resection they are almost indistinguishable from herniated intervertebral discs. Here, we describe a patient with residual/recurrent lumbar radiculopathy caused by a chondroma originating from the L3–4 intervertebral disc. When a patient has recurrence of spinal nerve root compression after discectomy, a chondroma arising from the intervertebral disc is an uncommon but possible etiology.
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Su, Lianta, and Jianlong Huang. "Quantitative Analysis of Magnetic Resonance Image Sagittal T2 Mapping in Lumbar Spine Classification." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 2855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3252.
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Objective: To evaluate the significance of T2 value changes of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus in intervertebral disc degeneration, and to discuss feasibility and effectivity of intervertebral disc classification through MRI sagittal T2 mapping (specifically based on sagittal multi-echo SE sequence T2 mapping). Methods : 35 healthy volunteers (including 20 males and 15 females, aged 20 to 48, average age is 36.8) were randomly selected and their intervertebral discs of L3/L4, L4/L5 and L5/S1, with a sum-up of 90 discs, were scanned by sagittal MRI using routine FSE sequence as well as multi-echo SE sequence. T2 mapping was handled by image post-processing and each intervertebral disc was classified. T2 values of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus were measured and statistical analysis were performed to study the relationship between T2 values and ages, disc grades or disc locations. Results: In classification through MRI sagittal T2 mapping, the disc grade increased along with the decrease of disc location or the increase of age. T2 value of nucleus pulposus decreased along with the increase of age (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in T2 mean values of nucleus pulposus of different grades (P < 0.05). Conclusion: MRI sagittal T2 mapping provides us with a classification of intervertebral disc based on T2 values. Through evaluation of T2 mapping and measurement of T2 values of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus, early stage degeneration of intervertebral disc can be monitored and the its relationship with relevant factors can be studied.
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Bergmann, Wilhelmina, Niklas Bergknut, Stefanie Veraa, Andrea Gröne, Hans Vernooij, Inge D. Wijnberg, Willem Back, and Guy C. M. Grinwis. "Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Warmblood Horses: Morphology, Grading, and Distribution of Lesions." Veterinary Pathology 55, no. 3 (January 5, 2018): 442–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985817747950.
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Equine intervertebral disc degeneration is thought to be rare and of limited clinical relevance, although research is lacking. To objectively assess pathological changes of the equine intervertebral disc and their clinical relevance, description of the normal morphology and a practical, biologically credible grading scheme are needed. The objectives of this study are to describe the gross and histological appearance of the equine intervertebral discs and to propose a grading scheme for macroscopic degeneration. Spinal units from 33 warmblood horses were grossly analyzed and scored. Of the 286 intervertebral discs analyzed, 107 (37%) were assigned grade 1 and grade 2 (considered normal) and were analyzed histologically. A nucleus pulposus and an annulus fibrosus could be identified macroscopically and histologically. Histologically, the nucleus pulposus was composed of a cartilaginous matrix and the annulus fibrosus of parallel collagenous bands. A transition zone was also histologically visible. Intra- and inter-observer reliability scores were high for all observers. Higher grades were associated with greater age. Gross changes associated with equine intervertebral disc degeneration (grades 3–5)—that is, yellow discoloration, cleft formation (tearing), and changes in consistency of the nucleus pulposus—were largely similar to those in humans and dogs and were most prevalent in the caudal cervical spine. Equine intervertebral disc degeneration was not associated with osteophyte formation. Changes of the vertebral bone were most common in the thoracolumbar spine but were not correlated with higher grades of intervertebral disc degeneration. Thus, changes of the vertebral bone should be excluded from grading for equine intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Bodnarchuk, J. A., M. V. Khyzhnjak, О. О. Potapov, and N. G. Chopik. "BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF REPARATIVE REGENERATION OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS IN PATIENTS WITH DEGENERATIVE DISC DISEASES." Eastern Ukrainian Medical Journal 8, no. 3 (2020): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/eumj.2020;8(3):249-254.
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Degenerative disc diseases occupy the second place in the overall structure of morbidity with temporary disability. In 40% of patients with spinal osteochondrosis, diseases of the locomotor apparatus and connective tissue cause primary disability. Disc degeneration is a pathological process that is the main cause of low back pain and is observed in the vast majority of people at some point in their lives. The influence of mechanical stress leads to degenerative changes in the tissues of the nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc. Limited transport and low cellular saturation of the discs hinder recovery, make the intervertebral disc particularly vulnerable to injury, and contribute to the appearance of morphological tissue damage associated with the processes of biological aging. The pathological process involves all structural elements of the intervertebral disc. The earliest manifestations of disc degeneration usually occur in the nucleus pulposus, where a reduced content of proteoglycans disrupts mechanical function, which leads to progressive morphological degeneration of the entire intervertebral segment. Existing treatment methods (both surgical and conservative) are not able to adjust the number of cells in the nucleus pulposus and are unable to stop the pathological process in the intervertebral disc. Prevention of degeneration or repair of the intervertebral disc is a potential treatment for lumbar pain syndromes. Cell therapy has become a subject of great interest, as new research reports significant regenerative potential for many cellular sources, including the regeneration of the nucleus pulposus region of the intervertebral disc. The use and implementation of modern cell therapy in practical neurosurgery allows us to approach the problem of intervertebral disc degeneration at a new qualitative level with the use of multipotent cells, biochemical peptides in the reparative processes of the nucleus pulposus, as a possibility of treatment and prevention of vertebrogenic pain syndromes in the future. Keywords intervertebral disc, nucleus pulposus, cell therapy, transplantation, degenerative changes, reparation
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Bettiol, Nicole Barbosa, Simone Cecilio Hallak Regalo, Flávia Argentato Cecilio, Ligia Maria Napolitano Gonçalves, Paulo Batista de Vasconcelos, Claire Genoveze Gauch Lopes, Lilian Mendes Andrade, Isabela Hallak Regalo, Selma Siéssere, and Marcelo Palinkas. "Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Functional Analysis of Bite Force and Masseter and Temporal Muscles Thickness." Prague Medical Report 123, no. 2 (2022): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2022.11.
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Intervertebral disc degeneration is a pathological condition associated with the intervertebral disc and is related to functional alterations in the human body. This study aimed to evaluate the maximum molar bite force and masseter and temporal muscles thickness in individuals with intervertebral disc degeneration. Thirty-two individuals were divided into two groups: those with degeneration of intervertebral discs (n=16) and those without degeneration (n=16). The maximum molar bite force (on the right and left sides) was measured using a dynamometer. Masseter and temporal muscle thickness during mandibular task rest and dental clenching in maximum voluntary contraction were analysed using ultrasound. Significant differences in the left molar bite force (p=0.04) were observed between the groups (Student’s t-test, p<0.05). The intervertebral disc degeneration group had a lower maximum molar bite force. No significant differences in muscle thickness were observed between the masseter and temporal muscles in either group. However, based on clinical observations, the group with intervertebral disc degeneration presented less masseter muscle thickness and greater temporal muscle thickness in both mandibular tasks. Degenerative disease of the intervertebral discs promoted morphofunctional changes in the stomatognathic system, especially in maximum molar bite force and masticatory muscle thickness. This study provides insight into the interaction between spinal pathology and the stomatognathic system, which is important for healthcare professionals who treat patients with functional degeneration.
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Dias, Mark S., and Dachling Pang. "Juvenile Intervertebral Disc Calcification: Recognition, Management, and Pathogenesis." Neurosurgery 28, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199101000-00018.
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Abstract Juvenile intervertebral disc calcification is an uncommon disorder of childhood, characterized by calcification of the nucleus pulposus of one or more intervertebral discs. Calcification may remain dormant or subsequently become symptomatic. The symptoms include fever, malaise, and neck pain and are associated with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and, occasionally, leukocytosis. Although disc protrusion occurs in 38% of patients, neurological signs are distinctly uncommon. We report the case of a patient with a herniated T2-T3 calcified intervertebral disc and compressive myelopathy. Juvenile intervertebral disc calcification is generally a self-limiting disease that seldom requires an operation. The symptoms are transient, and resorption of the disc calcification is the rule once symptoms occur. Neither the cause of the disc calcification nor the trigger for the onset of symptoms is known. An inflammatory response within the disc appears to give rise to clinical symptoms and is associated with eventual resorption of the disc calcification.
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Priymak, Maxim A., Alexei I. Gaivoronsky, Ivan V. Gaivoronsky, Gennadii I. Nichiporuk, Maria G. Gaivoronskaya, and Inga A. Goriacheva. "Lifetime morphological characteristics of the L<sub>IV</sub>-L<sub>V</sub> intervertebral disc in young and middle-aged adults." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 24, no. 4 (January 4, 2023): 689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma110717.
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Morphoscopic and morphometric characteristics of the LIVLV intervertebral disc were assessed according to magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine of 90 patients (66 men, 24 women). The morphometric parameters of the LIVLV intervertebral disc and nucleus pulposus were compared between young (1844 years old) and middle-aged (4560 years old) adults and in groups determined by sex and body type. In addition, morphoscopic characteristics, namely, the shape of the intervertebral disc and nucleus pulposus in the axial plane, were evaluated. Results. In normal intervertebral disc, LIVLV on the axial section most often presents in a kidney-shaped (51%), elliptical (45%), and round (4%) form. The LIVLV nucleus pulposus normally has an oval (50%), kidney (45%), and less often a lemniscate (5%) shape. The shape and individual morphometric parameters of the intervertebral disc and nucleus pulposus of the LIVLV segment have significant sex differences. Thus, the most lateral height of the intervertebral disc on the right and left, anteroposterior size and area of the intervertebral disc, and anteroposterior size, width, and area of the nucleus pulposus are significantly larger in men than in women. When assessing the influence of body type on intervertebral disc structural features, no significant differences in its shape were found between asthenics, normo- and hypersthenics, while individual dimensions (intervertebral disc height in the center and its dorsal height) were significantly larger in hypersthenics. The kidney-shaped form of the nucleus pulposus was significantly more common in asthenics and the oval form in hypersthenics, whereas the morphometric parameters of the nucleus pulposus did not significantly differ between extreme body types. Statistically significant differences in the shape of the nucleus pulposus were found between age groups. The results of the analysis of morphometric characteristics revealed the intervertebral disc height tended to decrease in middle-aged people compared with young people. The results can be used in planning spine surgery and designing artificial intervertebral discs.
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Lippross, Sebastian, Paul Girmond, Katja A. Lüders, Friederike Austein, Lena Braunschweig, Stefan Lüders, Konstantinos Tsaknakis, Heiko M. Lorenz, and Anna K. Hell. "Smaller Intervertebral Disc Volume and More Disc Degeneration after Spinal Distraction in Scoliotic Children." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 10 (May 14, 2021): 2124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10102124.
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In recent decades, magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGR) were established to treat progressive early-onset scoliosis. The aim of this investigation was to assess the effect of long-term MCGR with continuous distraction on intervertebral discs in scoliotic children. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 33 children with spinal muscular atrophy was analyzed by grading intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) and measuring intervertebral disc volume. Cohort I (n = 17) were children who had continuous spinal distraction with MCGRs for 5.1 years and MRI before (av. age 8.1) and after (av. age 13.4) MCGR treatment. Cohort II (n = 16, av. age 13.7) were patients without prior surgical treatment. Lumbar intervertebral disc volume of cohort I did not change during 5.1 years of MCGR treatment, whereas disc volumes were significantly larger in age- and disease-matched children without prior treatment (cohort II). Cohort I showed more IDD after MCGR treatment in comparison to early MRI studies of the same patients and children without surgical treatment. MRI data showed a volume reduction and disc degeneration of lower thoracic and lumbar intervertebral discs in scoliotic children after continuous spinal distraction with MCGRs. These effects were confirmed in the same subjects before and after treatment as well as in surgically untreated controls.
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Zheng, Jun, and CaiLiang Shen. "Quantitative Relationship between the Degree of Lumbar Disc Degeneration and Intervertebral Disc Height in Patients with Low Back Pain." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2022 (July 19, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5960317.
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The aim of this study is to study the relationship between the degree of lumbar disc degeneration and the height of the disc in patients with pain in the lower back and determine whether there is a dose-response relationship between the two. Eighty-five patients were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The grade of lumbar degeneration was determined by the Pfirrmann grading system, and the intervertebral height and VAS pain scores were measured. The height difference of intervertebral discs with different degeneration levels was measured by the F test. This difference was correlated and further quantified by regression analysis. Finally, the differences intervertebral disc heights with a VAS score of 0–6 and 7–10 were observed by an independent sample t-test. The higher degree of disc degeneration in each lumbosacral segment, the lower the intervertebral disc height p ≤ 0.011 . When discs with grade 1 and grade 5 degeneration were excluded, the results remained the same p ≤ 0.034 . To quantify correlations, at each lumbar level, the disc height was reduced for each level of lumbosacral disc degeneration, and the height of disc was reduced after adjusting according to age, sex, and BMI (β range: −1.25 mm to −1.76 mm, 95% CI: −0.83 to −2.29, all p ≤ 0.002 ). Subjects with a VAS score of 7–10 had a lower intervertebral disc height than those with a VAS score of 0–6, especially with respect to total height levels at L4/5, L5/S1, and L1-S1 p ≤ 0.04 . This study showed a relationship between increased degree of intervertebral disc degeneration and decreased the disc height in patients with pain in the low back. Although the assessment of lumbar and lumbosacral level disc degeneration involves many qualitative measurements, these statistical data confirm the effectiveness of lumbosacral disc height as a continuous data measure and quantification in clinical trials and epidemiological studies.
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Samanna, Claire L., Christopher Neason, Scott Tagliaferri, Daniel Belavy, A/Prof Steven J. Bowe, Matthew Clarkson, A/Prof Daniel Connell, et al. "CAN AN INTERVAL-BASED RUNNING EXERCISE INTERVENTION IMPROVE LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISC HEALTH? THE ASTEROID RANDOMISED CONTROL TRIAL." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 13, s2 (May 1, 2024): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.384.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS Low back pain is the leading cause of global disability, with lumbar disc pathologies estimated to contribute to up to 40% of cases. Exercise training is an established treatment to reduce pain intensity and disability in individuals with low back pain; however, the effect of exercise training on intervertebral discs is unknown. Cross-sectional studies have shown that endurance running (>50km per week) is associated with healthier intervertebral discs, as evidenced by greater T2-relaxation (hydration) and intervertebral disc height. However, no studies have explored the relationship between running and disc health prospectively. This study aims to examine the impact of a 12-week progressive run-walk exercise intervention on intervertebral disc health in individuals with chronic low back pain. METHODS Forty individuals with non-specific low back pain were enrolled in a 12-week parallel randomised control trial and allocated to either a digitally-delivered progressive run-walk interval exercise intervention (supervised by an accredited exercise physiologist) or waitlist control. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks to examine intervertebral disc health (e.g. T2-relaxation, intervertebral disc height, Pfirrmann grade). RESULTS Thirty-nine participants (20 intervention and 19 waitlist control; mean [SD] age: 33 [6] years, female: 50%) underwent MRI at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. At baseline, intervertebral disc outcomes were no different in either group (T2-relaxation[ms] mean[SD]:81.07[6.61] and 85.11[9.33]; p=0.939, height[mm] mean[SD]: 8.77[0.87] and 9.03[0.90]; p=0.819, respectively). Six and 12-week outcomes are currently being analysed and results will be available for presentation at the conference. CONCLUSION This randomised control trial will provide world-first evidence on the effects of a progressive run-walk exercise intervention on lumbar intervertebral disc health in adults with non-specific chronic low back pain. Should this intervention prove effective, findings will have marked implications for current guidelines and clinical management of this debilitating chronic condition.
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Domanski, Janusz, Konstanty Skalski, Roman Grygoruk, and Adrian Mróz. "Rapid prototyping in the intervertebral implant design process." Rapid Prototyping Journal 21, no. 6 (October 19, 2015): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-09-2013-0096.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the methodology of a design process of new lumbar intervertebral disc implants with specific emphasis on the use of rapid prototyping technologies. The verification of functionality of artificial intervertebral discs is also given. The paper describes the attempt and preliminary research to evaluate the properties of the intervertebral disc implant prototypes manufactured with the use of different rapid prototyping technologies, i.e. FDM – fused deposition modelling, 3DP – 3D printing and SLM – selective laser melting. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the computed tomography (CT) scan data, the anatomical parameters of lumbar spine bone tissue were achieved, which were the bases for the design-manufacture process carried out with the use of computer-aided designing/computer-aided engineering/computer-aided manufacturing systems. In the intervertebral disc implant design process, three RP technologies: FDM, 3DP and SLM were used for solving problems related to the reconstruction of geometry and functionality of the disc. Some preliminary tests such as measurement of roughness and structural analyses of material of prototypes made by different prototyping technologies were performed. Findings – This paper allowed the authors to elaborate and patent two new intervertebral disc implants. Because the implant designs are parametrical ones with relation to lumbar bone tissue properties measured on CT scans, they can be also made for individual patients. We also compared some of the properties of intervertebral implants prototypes made with the use of FDM, 3DP and SLM technologies. Originality/value – The paper presents the new intervertebral disc implants and their manufacturing by rapid prototyping. The methodology of designing intervertebral disc implant is shown. Some features of the methodology make it useful for preoperative planning of intervertebral disc surgery, as well.
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Karpiński, Robert, Łukasz Jaworski, Józef Jonak, and Przemysław Krakowski. "The influence of the nucleus pulposus on the stress distribution in the natural and prosthetic intervertebral disc." MATEC Web of Conferences 252 (2019): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925207006.
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The aim of this article was to present the results of a preliminary study on the stress distribution in the lumbar intervertebral disc [IVD] under loads induced during daily activities. Basic anatomy, biomechanical analysis of the vertebra and intervertebral disc were introduced. The third and fourth lumbar vertebrae were chosen for the study because they carry considerably higher loads, especially while standing or sitting. The static mechanical analyses using the finite element method (FEM) were conducted for four standard loads reflecting patient’s positions: recumbent, standing, sitting and standing with additional loads, and three models: an intervertebral disc with an inner nucleus pulposus and two prosthetic intervertebral discs, with or without an artificial nucleus. The FEM analysis was performed in the SolidWorks Simulation module on reverse-engineered 3D models of vertebrae and the intervertebral disc, based on a series of computed tomography [CT] scans of the patient’s spine, which had been properly processed in Materialise Mimics software and exported to CAD files. The model of the fourth intervertebral disc, placed between third and fourth vertebra, had been additionally modified to include its inner core, the nucleus pulposus.
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Chavan, Dr Vishwajeet R., and Dr Sanjay Patil. "Radioneucleoplasty Therapy in Intervertebral Disc Herniation." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/apr2014/136.
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Ramchandani, Suneil R., Manohar M. Panjabi, Peter A. Cripton, and Tyler J. VanderWeele. "BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS FOLLOWING A BURST FRACTURE." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 11, no. 03 (September 2008): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957708002061.
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Thoracolumbar burst fracture is one of the most common and most studied injuries of the spine. Radiography and quantitative discomanometry have previously demonstrated that intervertebral discs adjacent to a burst fracture were disrupted; however, there have been conflicting data on the properties of the next-adjacent discs. Also, no data exists on the localization of injury within each disc. The objective of this study is to use an in vitro biomechanical design to examine the flexibility differences of intervertebral discs adjacent and next-adjacent to burst fracture vertebrae. Ten cadaveric thoracolumbar (T11–L3) spines with L1 burst fracture included adjacent (T12–L1, L1–L2) and next-adjacent (T11–T12, L2–L3) intervertebral discs. The bending flexibilities (μm/N) of each disc under 50 N of compression were determined at 25 points: the center point, along with the combinations of three radii (1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm) and eight angles. The overall flexibility of each disc and the presence of any regional differences were then evaluated. Across all radii, the T11μT12 disc was statistically less flexible than the other three discs (p < 0.01). The difference between the flexibilities of the average anterior region and the average posterior region was significant at many 2-cm and all 3-cm radii; this difference was greater in the T12–L1 disc than in any of the other three discs. Thus, the upper next-adjacent intervertebral disc (T11–T12) was not as susceptible to mechanical disruption as were the other three discs. The anterior region of each disc may also have a higher propensity for mechanical disruption than the posterior region, especially at larger radii.
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Oskouian, Rod J., Richard Whitehill, Amir Samii, Mark E. Shaffrey, J. Patrick Johnson, and Christopher I. Shaffrey. "The future of spinal arthroplasty: a biomaterial perspective." Neurosurgical Focus 17, no. 3 (September 2004): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2004.17.3.2.
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Both total hip and knee arthroplasty have demonstrated outstanding clinical results. The functional spinal unit composed of the intervertebral disc and facet joints is at least as complex. The intricacies of the coupled motions of the functional spinal unit have made development of an artificial disc a challenge. There have been several failed attempts to create a disc replacement that recapitulates normal motion while providing significant longevity and a low incidence of complications. Better understanding of the biomechanics of the intervertebral disc complex and improvements in implant material have made successful intervertebral disc replacement a likely reality, now that several artificial discs have completed Food and Drug Administration clinical trials. In this manuscript the authors detail the biomaterials used in disc arthroplasty and discuss joint wear and the host response to wear debris.
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Johnson, W. E. B., and S. Roberts. "‘Rumours of my death may have been greatly exaggerated’: a brief review of cell death in human intervertebral disc disease and implications for cell transplantation therapy." Biochemical Society Transactions 35, no. 4 (July 20, 2007): 680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0350680.
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The avascular nature of the human intervertebral disc is thought to reduce the ability of resident disc cells to maintain their extracellular matrix, rendering the tissue susceptible to degeneration. It has also been suggested that the lack of a blood supply may result in disc cell death via nutrient deprivation. Therefore transplanting new cells into the disc to promote tissue regeneration would be akin to ‘putting cells in a coffin’ and doomed to failure. This review considers the available evidence for cell death in the human intervertebral disc, describing briefly the methods used to assay such death, and concludes that further analysis is required to ascertain whether extensive cell death truly is a marked feature of human intervertebral discs and whether it bears any relationship to disc degeneration and hence regenerative strategies.
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Sheikh, Hormoz, Karen Zakharian, Ramiro Perez De La Torre, Christopher Facek, Adrian Vasquez, G. Rasul Chaudhry, David Svinarich, and Mick J. Perez-Cruet. "In vivo intervertebral disc regeneration using stem cell–derived chondroprogenitors." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 10, no. 3 (March 2009): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.12.spine0835.
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Object There is currently no biologic therapy to repair or restore a degenerated intervertebral disc. A potential solution may rest with embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which have a potential to grow indefinitely and differentiate into a variety of cell types in vitro. Prior studies have shown that ESCs can be encouraged to differentiate toward specific cell lineages by culture in selective media and specific growth environment. Among these lineages, there are cells capable of potentially producing nucleus pulposus (NP) in vivo. In this investigation, the authors studied ESCderived chondroprogenitors implanted into a degenerated disc in a rabbit. For this purpose, a rabbit model of disc degeneration was developed. Methods A percutaneous animal model of disc degeneration was developed by needle puncture of healthy intact discs in 16 New Zealand white rabbits. Series of spine MR imaging studies were obtained before disc puncture and after 2, 6, and 8 weeks. Prior to implantation, murine ESCs were cultured with cis-retinoic acid, transforming growth factor β, ascorbic acid, and insulin-like growth factor to induce differentiation toward a chondrocyte lineage. After confirmation by MR imaging, degenerated disc levels were injected with chondrogenic derivatives of ESCs expressing green fluorescent protein. At 8 weeks post-ESC implantation, the animals were killed and the intervertebral discs were harvested and analyzed using H & E staining, confocal fluorescent microscopy, and immunohistochemical analysis. Three intervertebral disc groups were analyzed in 16 rabbits, as follows: 1) Group A, control: naïve, nonpunctured discs (32 discs, levels L4–5 and L5–6); 2) Group B, experimental control: punctured disc (16 discs, level L2–3); and 3) Group C, experimental: punctured disc followed by implantation of chondroprogenitor cells (16 discs, level L3–4). Results The MR imaging studies confirmed intervertebral disc degeneration at needle-punctured segments starting at ~ 2 weeks. Postmortem H & E histological analysis of Group A discs showed mature chondrocytes and no notochordal cells. Group B discs displayed an intact anulus fibrosus and generalized disorganization within fibrous tissue of NP. Group C discs showed islands of notochordal cell growth. Immunofluorescent staining for notochordal cells was negative for Groups A and B but revealed viable notochordal-type cells within experimental Group C discs, which had been implanted with ESC derivatives. Notably, no inflammatory response was noted in Group C discs. Conclusions This study illustrates a reproducible percutaneous model for studying disc degeneration. New notochordal cell populations were seen in degenerated discs injected with ESCs. The lack of immune response to a xenograft of mouse cells in an immunocompetent rabbit model may suggest an as yet unrecognized immunoprivileged site within the intervertebral disc space.
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Arslan, Mehmet, Ayhan Cömert, Halil İbrahim Açar, Mevci Özdemir, Alaittin Elhan, İbrahim Tekdemir, R. Shane Tubbs, Ayhan Attar, and Hasan Çağlar Uğur. "Neurovascular structures adjacent to the lumbar intervertebral discs: an anatomical study of their morphometry and relationships." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14, no. 5 (May 2011): 630–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.11.spine09149.
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Object Although infrequent, injury to adjacent neurovascular structures during posterior approaches to lumbar intervertebral discs can occur. A detailed anatomical knowledge of relationships may decrease surgical complications. Methods Ten formalin-fixed male cadavers were used for this study. Posterior exposure of the lumbar thecal sac, nerve roots, pedicles, and intervertebral discs was performed. To identify retroperitoneal structures at risk during posterior lumbar discectomy, a transabdominal retroperitoneal approach was performed, and observations were made. The distances between the posterior and anterior edges of the lumbar intervertebral discs were measured, and the relationships between the disc space, pedicle, and nerve root were evaluated. Results For right and left sides, the mean distance from the inferior pedicle to the disc gradually increased from L1–2 to L4–5 (range 2.7–3.8 mm and 2.9–4.5 mm for right and left side, respectively) and slightly decreased at L5–S1. For right and left sides, the mean distance from the superior pedicle to the disc was more or less the same for all disc spaces (range 9.3–11.6 mm and 8.2–10.5 mm for right and left, respectively). The right and left mean disc-to-root distance for the L3–4 to L5–S1 levels ranged from 8.3 to 22.1 mm and 7.2 to 20.6 mm, respectively. The root origin gradually increased from L-1 to L-5. The right and left nerve root–to-disc angle gradually decreased from L-3 to S-1 (range 105°–110.6° and 99°–108°). Disc heights gradually increased from L1–2 to L5–S1 (range 11.3–17.4 mm). The mean distance between the anterior and posterior borders of the intervertebral discs ranged from 39 to 46 mm for all levels. Conclusions To avoid neighboring neurovascular structures, instrumentation should not be inserted into the lumbar disc spaces more than 3 cm from their posterior edge. Accurate anatomical knowledge of the relationships of intervertebral discs to nerve roots is needed for spine surgeons.
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Zhai, Zhaohui, Zhaoxin Li, Zhonglei Ji, and Xiaosheng Lu. "Protective Effect of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides on Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Nucleus Pulposus Cells of Rats with the Degeneration of the Intervertebral Disc." International Journal of Polymer Science 2019 (September 5, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8925807.
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Objective. Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (PSP) has antioxidant activity, immune enhancement, and other biological properties. However, the effect of PSP on intervertebral disc degeneration has not been reported. In this study, we mainly investigated the effect of PSP on the apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) during the process of intervertebral disc degeneration. Methods. A rat NPC model induced by H2O2 was constructed. The CCK8 method was used to measure the effects of PSP on the apoptosis of rat NPCs induced by H2O2. The effects on the activity of SOD and content of MDA were also determined. The rat model of intervertebral disc degeneration was treated with PSP for 1 month, and the mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, COX2, iNOS, Col2α1, Col10α1, and MMP3 were measured by qPCR in the tissue of intervertebral disc. NPCs from the degenerated intervertebral discs were separated, and the cell viability was measured by the CCK8 method. The contents of SOD and MDA in NPCs were determined as well. Results. PSP significantly reduced the apoptosis of NPCs induced by H2O2, significantly increased the SOD content, and decreased the content of MDA in H2O2-induced NPCs. The expression level of IL-1β, COX2, and iNOS in the rat model with intervertebral disc degeneration was significantly downregulated after 1 month of PSP treatment. PSP treatment increased the expression of Col2α1 type and significantly decreased the expression of Col10α1 type collagen and MMP3 in rats with disc degeneration. PSP treatment significantly reduced NPC apoptosis and increased its SOD content and reduced MDA content, which is consistent with the results from cell-level experiments. Conclusion. PSP can effectively reduce the apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress of H2O2-induced NPCs in rats with intervertebral disc degeneration and mitigate the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration, which has the potential to be developed as new drugs for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Holguin, Nilsson, Rhiannon Aguilar, Robin A. Harland, Bradley A. Bomar, and Matthew J. Silva. "The aging mouse partially models the aging human spine: lumbar and coccygeal disc height, composition, mechanical properties, and Wnt signaling in young and old mice." Journal of Applied Physiology 116, no. 12 (June 15, 2014): 1551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01322.2013.
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Murine lumbar and coccygeal (tail) regions of spines are commonly used to study cellular signaling of age-related disc diseases, but the tissue-level changes of aging intervertebral discs and vertebrae of each spinal region remain unclear. Furthermore, the impact of aging lumbar and coccygeal discs on Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is putatively involved in the catabolism of intervertebral discs, is also unclear. We compared disc/vertebrae morphology and mechanics and biochemical composition of intervertebral discs from lumbar and coccygeal regions between young (4–5 mo) and old (20–22 mo) female C57BL/6 mice. Center intervertebral disc height from both regions was greater in old discs than young discs. Compared with young, old lumbar discs had a lower early viscous coefficient (a measure of stiffness) by 40%, while conversely old coccygeal discs were stiffer by 53%. Biochemically, old mice had double the collagen content in lumbar and coccygeal discs of young discs, greater glycosaminoglycan in lumbar discs by 37%, but less glycosaminoglycan in coccygeal discs by 32%. Next, we compared Wnt activity of lumbar and coccygeal discs of 4- to 5-mo and 12- to 14-mo TOPGAL mice. Despite the disc-specific changes, aging decreased Wnt signaling in the nucleus pulposus from both spinal regions by ≥64%. Compared with young, trabecular bone volume/tissue volume and ultimate force were less in old lumbar vertebrae, but greater in old coccygeal vertebrae. Thus intervertebral discs and vertebrae age in a spinal region-dependent manner, but these differential age-related changes may be uncoupled from Wnt signaling. Overall, lumbar and coccygeal regions are not interchangeable in modeling human aging.
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ANDERSSON, GUNNAR B. J., HOWARD S. AN, THEODORE R. OEGEMA, and LORI A. SETTON. "INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DEGENERATION." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 88, no. 4 (April 2006): 895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200604000-00028.
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KATZ, MICHAEL M., ALAN R. HARGENS, and STEVEN R. GARFIN. "Intervertebral Disc Nutrition." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research &NA;, no. 210 (September 1986): 243???245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-198609000-00035.
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Cassidy, J. David, Dwight Loback, Ken Yong-Hing, and Stanley Tchang. "Intervertebral Disc Derniation." Spine 17, no. 5 (May 1992): 570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199205000-00016.
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Fairbank, Jeremy. "Prolapsed intervertebral disc." BMJ 336, no. 7657 (May 27, 2008): 1317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39583.438773.80.
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Bhettay, E., D. Joubert, O. L. Meyers, and B. Cremin. "Intervertebral Disc Calcification." Clinical Pediatrics 31, no. 7 (July 1992): 446–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000992289203100714.
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Skalli, Wafa, and Jean Dubousset. "Intervertebral disc transplantation." Lancet 369, no. 9566 (March 2007): 968–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60469-3.
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Wu, Jiann-Jiu, and David R. Eyre. "Intervertebral Disc Collagen." Journal of Biological Chemistry 278, no. 27 (April 27, 2003): 24521–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m302431200.
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Rannou, François, Tzong-Shyuan Lee, Rui-Hai Zhou, Jennie Chin, Jeffrey C. Lotz, Marie-Anne Mayoux-Benhamou, Jacques Patrick Barbet, Alain Chevrot, and John Y. J. Shyy. "Intervertebral Disc Degeneration." American Journal of Pathology 164, no. 3 (March 2004): 915–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63179-3.
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Luk, Keith D. K., and Dino Samartzis. "Intervertebral disc “dysgeneration”." Spine Journal 15, no. 9 (September 2015): 1915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2014.07.020.
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Simpson, Stephen T. "Intervertebral Disc Disease." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 22, no. 4 (July 1992): 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50081-x.
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Horak, Z., P. Tichy, J. Koukalova, and R. Sedlacek. "ARTIFICIAL INTERVERTEBRAL DISC." Journal of Biomechanics 40 (January 2007): S602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(07)70590-0.
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Guyer, Richard D., and Donna D. Ohnmeiss. "Intervertebral Disc Prostheses." Spine 28, supplement (August 2003): S15—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000076843.59883.e1.
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Anderson, Paul A., and Jeffrey P. Rouleau. "Intervertebral Disc Arthroplasty." Spine 29, no. 23 (December 2004): 2779–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000146460.11591.8a.
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Fraser, R. D., O. L. Osti, and B. Vernon-Roberts. "Intervertebral disc degeneration." European Spine Journal 1, no. 4 (March 1993): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00298361.
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Pedachenko, Ye H., I. H. Vasylieva, M. V. Khyzhniak, O. S. Halanta, N. H. Chopyk, O. I. Tsiubko, A. B. Hriazov, et al. "Association of COL2A1rs2276454, rs1793953, COL9A1rs1135056, COL11A1rs1676486 structure-forming collagens of the nucleus pulposus with degeneration of intervertebral discs L5-L4, L5-S1." Pathologia 19, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2022.3.266942.
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Aim. The purpose of the work was to determine the relationship between degenerative changes of the L5-S1 and L4-L5 intervertebral discs with collagen mononucleotide variants COL2A1rs2276454, rs1793953, COL9A1rs1135056, COL11A1rs1676486 among ethnic Ukrainians. Materials and methods. The following subjects were investigated: 90 persons of the case group with degeneration of the intervertebral disc L5-S1; 50 persons of the case group with degeneration of the intervertebral disc L4-L5; 66 people of the control group. The object of the study was the venous blood of patients with degenerative lesions of the intervertebral discs and healthy donors. Venous blood was obtained as a result of venipuncture. Typing of COL2A1rs2276454, COL2A1rs1793953, COL9A1rs1135056, COL11A1rs1676486 was performed using the Tag Man Universal PCR Master Mix kit (Applied Biosystems, USA) and Tag Man SNP Genotyping Assays for the determination of polymorphisms (Applied Biosystems, USA). The research was carried out by specialists in the field of molecular biology and biochemistry of the Department of Neurobiochemistry of the SI “Romodanov Neurosurgery Institute, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, using the CFX96 device (Bio-Rrad, USA). Certificate of determination of measuring capabilities No. PT-322/21 from 07/28/2021 to 08/27/2023. Results. COL2A1rs2276454 may have a protective value for the development of degeneration of the intervertebral disc L5-S1 among men (OR (95 % CI): 0.27 (0.10–0.80), χ2 = 6.02, P = 0.015). Genotype C/T (COL9A1rs1135056) is 3.25 times more common among male patients with degeneration of the intervertebral disc L5-S1 in comparison with the female case group (OR (95 % CI): 3.25 (1.20–8.84), χ2 = 5.50, P = 0.02). The presence of the genotype G/A (COL11A1rs1676486) in the general group of patients with degeneration of the intervertebral disc L5-S1 is observed 5.46 times more often among male patients (OR (95 % CI): 5.46 (1.60–18.47), χ2 = 8.29, P = 0.004); G/A is registered 4.17 times more often among men compared to the group of women (OR (95 % CI): 4.17 (1.070–16.82), χ2 = 4.17, P = 0.04). Comparison of the odds of observing the genotype G/G, G/A, AA in the group of men with degeneration of the intervertebral disc L5-S1 showed a statistically significant 4.06 times predominance of the genotype G/A (OR (95 % CI): 4.06 (1.23–13.38), χ2 = 4.17, P = 0.04). The most probable model of heredity for COL11A1rs1676486 is dominant OR (95 % CI): 2.08 (1.03–4.21), χ2 = 4.26, P = 0.04. Associations of COL2A1rs2276454, rs1793953, COL9A1rs1135056, COL11A1rs1676486 structure-forming collagens of the gelatinous nucleus with degeneration of L5-L4 intervertebral discs were not detected. Conclusions. The COL2A1rs2276454 may be protective for the development of L5-S1 intervertebral disc degeneration in men (OR (95 % CI): 0.27 (0.10–0.80), χ2 = 6.02, Р = 0.015). COL2A1rs1793953 is not associated with degeneration of intervertebral discs L4-L5, L5-S1. С/T COL9A3rs1135056 genotype is associated with L5-S1 intervertebral disc degeneration among males (OR (95 % CI): 3.25 (1.20–8.84), χ2 = 5.50, Р = 0.02) compared with L5-S1 females. G/A COL11A1rs1676486 genotype is associated with L5-S1 intervertebral disc degeneration among male patients (OR (95 % CI): 5.46 (1.60–18.47), χ2 = 8.29, Р = 0.004) and compared to female patients (OR (95 % CI): 4.17 (1.07–16.82), χ2 = 4.17, Р = 0.04). The type of inheritance COL11A1rs1676486 is dominant.
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Reiter, Russel J., Sergio Rosales-Corral, and Ramaswamy Sharma. "Melatonin: Protection of the Intervertebral Disc." Melatonin Research 2, no. 3 (August 31, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.32794/mr11250028.
Full textAbstract:
Low back pain (lumbar pain) due to injury of or damage to intervertebral discs is common in all societies. The loss of work time as a result of this problem is massive. Recent research suggests that melatonin may prevent or counteract intervertebral disc damage. This may be especially relevant in aging populations given that endogenous melatonin, in most individuals, dwindles with increasing age. The publications related to melatonin and its protection of the intervertebral disc are reviewed herein, including definition of some molecular mechanisms that account for melatonin’s protective actions.
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Martins, Delio Eulalio, Valdeci Manoel de Oliveira, Maria Teresa de Seixas Alves, Marcelo Wajchenberg, Élcio Landim, João Carlos Belloti, Eduardo Barros Puertas, and Akira Ishida. "Correlations between radiographic, magnetic resonance and histological examinations on the degeneration of human lumbar intervertebral discs." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 128, no. 2 (2010): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802010000200004.
Full textAbstract:
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: There is controversy regarding which imaging method is best for identifying early degenerative alterations in intervertebral discs. No correlations between such methods and histological finds are presented in the literature. The aim of this study was to correlate the thickness of intervertebral discs measured on simple radiographs with the degree of degeneration seen on magnetic resonance images and the histological findings relating to nerve ends inside the discs. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional correlation study on the lumbar spines of human cadavers, at Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Ten lumbar spinal columns were extracted from human cadavers and subjected to magnetic resonance imaging and simple radiography. They were classified according to the degree of disc degeneration seen on magnetic resonance, and the thickness of the discs was measured on radiographs. The intervertebral discs were then extracted, embedded in paraffin and analyzed immunohistochemically with protein S100, and the nerve fibers were counted and classified. RESULTS: No correlation was observed between the thickness of the intervertebral discs and the degree of degeneration seen on magnetic resonance images. Only the uppermost lumbar discs (L1/L2 and L2/L3) presented a correlation between their thickness and type I and IV nerve endings. CONCLUSION: Reduced disc thickness is unrelated to increased presence of nerve ends in intervertebral discs, or to the degree of disc degeneration.