Dissertations / Theses: 'Intervento legislativo'

1

Marchini, Isabella. "La responsabilità penale per colpa medica: punti fermi e nuove prospettive." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10151.

Full text

Abstract:

2012/2013
L'indagine affronta gli istituti della colpa penale calati nell'ambito della responsabilà medica, tipicamente colposa. Vengono analizzati i suoi tratti salienti: linee guida, protocolli, colpa grave... Il tutto attraverso l'evoluzione giurisprudenziale e dottrinale fino al recente intervento legislativo l. 189/2012 che ha cercato di definire la responsabilità del medico, ma in realtà ha creato ulteriori dubbi e incertezze.
XXVI Ciclo
1985

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Omo-Eboh, Omogbai I. "Insurance law in Nigeria with particular reference to legislative intervention." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1181/.

Full text

Abstract:

Insurance affects a substantial number of the Nigerian population who take out insurance cover for protection against fortuitous risks or as a form of financial investment and security. This has led to a growing insurance industry in Nigeria. Over the years, a number of common law principles developed in the English courts have been adopted and applied by courts in Nigeria in the settlement of disputes arising from insurance contracts. Certain aspects of these principles and insurance practice are in need of reform as they tend to defeat the expectation of insurance consumers. As such, the legal principles have undergone significant statutory reforms in different countries including Nigeria. It is against this background that the thesis examines some aspects of the common law principles as applied in Nigeria and the impact which indigenous enactments and recent statutory reforms have on them. The work, though not primarily intended as a comparative study, draws from the approach to insurance reform in other common law countries, and recommendations on further reform in Nigeria are made where appropriate. The thesis is mainly directed at the protection of the insured and potential insured, an aspect of what is often known as consumer protection in insurance contracts. Thus, it is those aspects of the law affecting the insured that are mainly examined. These include the formation and documentation of insurance contracts, the role of insurance intermediaries, and the law governing warranties, conditions, non-disclosure and misrepresentations in insurance. The work concludes with an examination of judicial control and governmental regulation of insurance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

LETTERESE, Ester Monica. "LA MODERNIZZAZIONE DIGITALE DELLA PUBBLICA AMMINISTRAZIONE TRA INTERVENTI LEGISLATIVI E BIG DATA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Cassino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11580/75234.

Full text

Abstract:

The digitalization of the public administration is one of the main innovations that has marked the organization of administrative activity; has affected in particular the individual procedures by establishing significant changes in relations with the users of the various administrative services. Technology has therefore entered the daily life mechanisms of the public administration, the same theme of administrative simplification is inevitably linked to the digitization of the public administration. The analysis on the theme of Open Government Data shows how the transformations taking place are profoundly changing spaces and repertoires of public participation and of the relationship between public and private, between PA and citizens. The web increasingly represents a new connective fabric that brings together the different dimensions of public action (individual and collective, global and local, virtual and real), and that causes an empowerment process for citizens to develop. In recent years many scholars have placed the diffusion of big data technologies at the center of their research, that is, the massive collection of data and information from the most disparate sources. E-government can use big data to find out the trends and patterns of people's behavior on social networks so that the government can provide a better, effective and efficient service. Digitization then also becomes the main vehicle to comply with the transparency and disclosure obligations which all administrations must comply with. The objective of this contribution is to provide specific reading tools for the new public management school based on digitalization, on Open Government Data, on Big Data through a qualitative analysis that highlights the limits of this research linked to the cultural gap and the protection of the right to privacy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sousa, Mariana Almirão de. "A intervenção estatal em novas organizações familiares." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1169.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariana Almirao de Sousa.pdf: 1210299 bytes, checksum: 89e19cc40ed820eb7e2c0390a6f6fd12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-17
Instituto Presbiteriano Mackenzie
The aim of this study was to evaluate the laws state intervention in family harvest, focusing on families headed by women, families formed by homosexual, male single parenthood, multiparental families and, finally, relations with family benefits. In the present scenario, the family has become an important means of state intervention for disclosure amounts considered valid to be perpetuated, since it is within the family that human beings have the first contacts with what is considered acceptable in a society. Thus, this thesis, first time, aims to discuss the ways in which a State may intervene in society, for it will be studied both liberal ideology, as the social and paternalistic positions. Thus, there will be an analysis of the appropriate way to conduct interference, the propitious moments and social situations which require protection. Bearing in mind that the intervention may seek to develop full citizens and conscious, respectful of diversity and opposite positions, provided there is respect for social differences, beliefs and genres, increasing levels of education, and then spread the values of citizenship. Subsequently, the work will focus on interference made in family groupings, will be a study of the forms of interference occurring, it is adequate and what would be the most effective means to assist families to develop and have their rights, their ways of life and individuality protected by the democratic rule of law.
O objetivo do presente estudo será avaliar as intervenções estatais legislativas na seara familiar, tendo como foco as famílias chefiadas por mulheres, as famílias formadas por homoafetivos, a monoparentalidade masculina, famílias pluriparentais e, por fim, as relações com benefícios familiares. Tendo em mente a instituição familiar é um importante meio de intervenção do Estado para incentivar valores considerados como válidos de serem perpetuados, uma vez que é no seio familiar que os seres humanos têm os primeiros contatos com o que é esperado para viver em sociedade. Sendo assim, a presente dissertação, em um primeiro momento, tem como objetivo discutir sobre as formas pelas quais um Estado poderá intervir na sociedade e, para isso, serão estudados tanto a ideologia liberal como os posicionamentos sociais. Nesse sentido, será feita uma análise do caminho adequado para realizar intervenções, os momentos propícios, bem como as situações sociais as quais necessitam de tutela, tendo em mente que devem almejar o desenvolvimento de cidadãos plenos e conscientes, respeitadores da diversidade e de posições contrárias, por meio do respeito às diferenças sociais, de crenças e gêneros, aumentando os índices de educação para, depois, difundir valores de cidadania. Posteriormente o trabalho focará na intervenção realizada em grupamentos familiares, investigando as formas pelas quais ocorrem, se surtem efeito e qual seria o meio mais efetivo para auxiliar famílias a se desenvolverem e terem seus direitos, seus modos de vida e individualidade protegidos pelo Estado Democrático de Direito.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Martins, Ana Cristina de Holanda. "A atuação normativa do supremo Tribunal Federal : limites de intervenção no poder legislativo." Universidade de Fortaleza, 2013. http://dspace.unifor.br/handle/tede/91411.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-29T23:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-03-07
This research addresses the normative role of the Brazilian Supreme Court regarding its intervention limits in the Legislative Branch. It highlights the treatment given to the Supreme Court since the first Brazilian Constitutional Bill, the Imperial Constitution of 1824, to the current Republican Bill of 1988, going through moments of authoritarianism and even suppression of constitutional rights. We investigate the thought of both major theorists on the jurisdictional quarrel over who is the guardian of the Constitution: the German scholar Carl Schmitt and the Austrian Hans Kelsen. We also present the Supreme Court as the guardian of the Constitution, considering, for such a claim, the opinion of the studied authors, of other thinkers, of the Brazilian ongoing constitutional text itself and of the Court s components themselves regarding the matter of the supremacy of the guardian our Bill of Rights. Worldwidely, nowadays, the trend shown in this research is that the Supreme or Constitutional Courts are the guardians of patriotic magnum texts and that this is not a way to authorize the judiciary to judge, once the Magna Carta itself authorizes the court to make its own interpretation and act as its guardian. Therefore, our conclusion is that the normative role of the Supreme Court does not interfere in the Legislative Branch. Keywords: Constitution. Constitution Guardian. Legislative Branch. Federal Supreme Court.
A presente dissertação trata da atuação normativa do Supremo Tribunal Federal em face dos limites de intervenção no Poder Legislativo. Nela, destacamos o tratamento dado à Suprema Corte, desde a primeira Carta Constitucional brasileira, a Constituição Imperial de 1824, à atual Carta Republicana, de 1988, passando por momentos de autoritarismo e até de supressão de direitos constitucionais. Investigamos o pensamento dos dois maiores teóricos sobre a questão de competência sobre o guardião da Constituição: o alemão Carl Schmitt e o austríaco Hans Kelsen. Apresentamos, ainda, o Supremo Tribunal Federal como guardião da Constituição, considerando, para tal afirmação, a opinião dos autores citados, além de outros pensadores, do próprio texto constitucional vigente no Brasil e dos próprios componentes da Corte acerca do assunto da supremacia do guardião da nossa Carta de Direitos. Mundo afora, nos dias atuais, a tendência que apresentada neste trabalho é a de que o Supremo ou as Cortes Constitucionais são os guardiões dos textos magnos pátrios e que isso não é uma forma de autorizar o Judiciário a legislar, visto que o próprio texto magno autoriza a Corte a fazer sua interpretação e funcionar como seu guardião. E a nossa conclusão é a de que a atuação normativa do Supremo Tribunal Federal não interfere no Poder Legislativo. Palavras-chave: Constituição. Guardião da Constituição. Poder Legislativo. Supremo Tribunal Federal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Giorgio, Marco Cesare <1980&gt. "Gli interventi del presidente della repubblica in sede di promulgazione ed emanazione degli atti legislativi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6378/1/GIORGIO_MARCO_TESI.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

I tre capitoli in cui è suddiviso il lavoro cercano di offrire una ricognizione delle questioni che ruotano intorno alla sussistenza o meno di prerogative presidenziali riguardo l’attività legislativa, e in generale sulle eventuali trasformazioni avvenute, soprattutto negli ultimi anni, nel ruolo del Presidente della Repubblica all’interno del sistema costituzionale italiano. Il lavoro esordisce con una premessa metodologica con cui si tenta di valorizzare la questione relativa ai diversi approcci metodologici che si possono seguire nello studio delle tematiche presidenziali: ossia, tenere nettamente distinti il piano delle norme da quello delle prassi oppure analizzarli e valutarli congiuntamente. Il primo capitolo è dedicato all’analisi della figura presidenziale così come delineata dalla Costituzione e arricchita dagli oltre sessant’anni di letteratura costituzionale. Vengono quindi analizzate le disposizioni costituzionali di riferimento e viene dato conto delle principali teorie costituzionali espresse dalla letteratura giuridica. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato a quella che viene offerta come una delle possibili cause da cui traggono origine le evoluzioni registrate in questi ultimi anni dalla figura presidenziale: ossia, il mutamento del sistema costituzionale di rappresentanza politica. Tale elemento è analizzato soprattutto nel suo ambito istituzionale, vale a dire il modello di forma di governo rappresentato dal circuito parlamento-governo. Il terzo capitolo entra direttamente nelle due questioni di fondo della ricerca: da un lato lo studio della generale attività presidenziale di intervento nelle questioni politiche, attraverso comunicati o esternazioni; dall’altro lato l’analisi di alcuni specifici casi paradigmatici di intervento presidenziale in sede di emanazione o promulgazione (o, comunque, discussione) degli atti legislativi del governo e del parlamento, accaduti tra il 2006 e il 2013. Inoltre, il lavoro è arricchito da una importante sezione (allegata) di “case studies” contenente il risultato di una ricerca effettuata su oltre tremila documenti presidenziali, dal 2006 al 2013, resi pubblici dagli uffici del Quirinale.
The three parts of the job try to offer a recognition of the issues connected the existence of the presidential prerogatives about the legislative activity, and in general terms on the eventual happened transformations, above the last few years, to the role of the President of the Republic inside of the Italian constitutional system. The job start with one methodological premise that aims to value the relative issue to the various methodological approaches that can be followed in the study of presidential thematic: that is, to hold clearly distinguished the plan of the norms from that one of the praxes or to analyze them and to estimate them jointly. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the delineated from Constitution and enriched presidential figure therefore like from beyond sixty years of constitutional literature. The second chapter is dedicated to one of the possible causes from which the evolutions recorded from the presidential figure draw origin in the past few years: that is, the change of the constitutional system of political representation. Such element is analyzed above all in its institutional within, that is to say the model of shape of government represented by the circuit parliament-government. The third chapter directly analyzes the two main issues of the research: on one side the study of the general presidential activity of participation in the political issues, through his communicates; on the other hand, the analysis of some specific case studies of presidential participation during emanation or enactment of the legislative actions deriving by the government and the parliament, between 2006-2013. Moreover, the job is enriched from one important section (attached) of “case studies” containing the result of a research carried out on more than 3000 presidential documents, from 2006 to 2013, published from the offices of the Quirinale.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Giorgio, Marco Cesare <1980&gt. "Gli interventi del presidente della repubblica in sede di promulgazione ed emanazione degli atti legislativi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6378/.

Full text

Abstract:

The three parts of the job try to offer a recognition of the issues connected the existence of the presidential prerogatives about the legislative activity, and in general terms on the eventual happened transformations, above the last few years, to the role of the President of the Republic inside of the Italian constitutional system. The job start with one methodological premise that aims to value the relative issue to the various methodological approaches that can be followed in the study of presidential thematic: that is, to hold clearly distinguished the plan of the norms from that one of the praxes or to analyze them and to estimate them jointly. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the delineated from Constitution and enriched presidential figure therefore like from beyond sixty years of constitutional literature. The second chapter is dedicated to one of the possible causes from which the evolutions recorded from the presidential figure draw origin in the past few years: that is, the change of the constitutional system of political representation. Such element is analyzed above all in its institutional within, that is to say the model of shape of government represented by the circuit parliament-government. The third chapter directly analyzes the two main issues of the research: on one side the study of the general presidential activity of participation in the political issues, through his communicates; on the other hand, the analysis of some specific case studies of presidential participation during emanation or enactment of the legislative actions deriving by the government and the parliament, between 2006-2013. Moreover, the job is enriched from one important section (attached) of “case studies” containing the result of a research carried out on more than 3000 presidential documents, from 2006 to 2013, published from the offices of the Quirinale.
I tre capitoli in cui è suddiviso il lavoro cercano di offrire una ricognizione delle questioni che ruotano intorno alla sussistenza o meno di prerogative presidenziali riguardo l’attività legislativa, e in generale sulle eventuali trasformazioni avvenute, soprattutto negli ultimi anni, nel ruolo del Presidente della Repubblica all’interno del sistema costituzionale italiano. Il lavoro esordisce con una premessa metodologica con cui si tenta di valorizzare la questione relativa ai diversi approcci metodologici che si possono seguire nello studio delle tematiche presidenziali: ossia, tenere nettamente distinti il piano delle norme da quello delle prassi oppure analizzarli e valutarli congiuntamente. Il primo capitolo è dedicato all’analisi della figura presidenziale così come delineata dalla Costituzione e arricchita dagli oltre sessant’anni di letteratura costituzionale. Vengono quindi analizzate le disposizioni costituzionali di riferimento e viene dato conto delle principali teorie costituzionali espresse dalla letteratura giuridica. Il secondo capitolo è dedicato a quella che viene offerta come una delle possibili cause da cui traggono origine le evoluzioni registrate in questi ultimi anni dalla figura presidenziale: ossia, il mutamento del sistema costituzionale di rappresentanza politica. Tale elemento è analizzato soprattutto nel suo ambito istituzionale, vale a dire il modello di forma di governo rappresentato dal circuito parlamento-governo. Il terzo capitolo entra direttamente nelle due questioni di fondo della ricerca: da un lato lo studio della generale attività presidenziale di intervento nelle questioni politiche, attraverso comunicati o esternazioni; dall’altro lato l’analisi di alcuni specifici casi paradigmatici di intervento presidenziale in sede di emanazione o promulgazione (o, comunque, discussione) degli atti legislativi del governo e del parlamento, accaduti tra il 2006 e il 2013. Inoltre, il lavoro è arricchito da una importante sezione (allegata) di “case studies” contenente il risultato di una ricerca effettuata su oltre tremila documenti presidenziali, dal 2006 al 2013, resi pubblici dagli uffici del Quirinale.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Tozzi, Daniele <1993&gt. "Il decremento demografico del Giappone tra bassa natalità e invecchiamento della popolazione: cause e interventi legislativi." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16723.

Full text

Abstract:

L’elaborato intende delineare l’evoluzione del fenomeno di invecchiamento della popolazione e del basso tasso di natalità in Giappone, e le politiche che i governi giapponesi hanno adottato nel corso degli anni fino ad oggi e quelle che si prefiggono di adottare in futuro per contrastare il suddetto fenomeno. La popolazione giapponese sta invecchiando più rapidamente di quella di qualsiasi altro paese al mondo, e questo erode anche la forza lavoro in modo drastico. Il declino di popolazione attiva disponibile è il più marcato tra i paesi industrializzati. Di conseguenza la produttività e la crescita economica dell’intero paese sono destinati a calare sensibilmente nei prossimi decenni. Il forte squilibrio tra popolazione attiva e popolazione non attiva pone inoltre a serio rischio la sostenibilità dell’attuale sistema di welfare e pensionistico. Il primo capitolo delinea l’evoluzione demografica della popolazione giapponese ed il suo progressivo invecchiamento. Tenta di analizzare le cause del fenomeno trattando anche l’evoluzione della struttura della famiglia, del ruolo della donna, del mercato del lavoro, del sistema di welfare partendo dal secondo dopoguerra ai giorni nostri. Il secondo capitolo analizza le misure adottate dal legislatore per contrastare il fenomeno. Vengono esaminati i principali provvedimenti in materia fino al 2012, si pone attenzione al confronto tra l'azione dei governi LDP e quelli DPJ (2009-2012), comparandone le riforme adottate, mettendone in luce analogie e discontinuità. Sono presi in esame gli obbiettivi che i governi DPJ e LDP si sono posti ed i risultati effettivamente ottenuti. Il terzo capitolo si concentra sullo stato dell’arte della ricerca, evidenziando i risultati degli ultimi governi Abe e dell’Abenomics fino ad oggi, e le ricadute che il decremento della popolazione può avere sull'economia del paese. Vengono presentate alcune possibili soluzioni al problema dell’invecchiamento della popolazione e del basso tasso di natalità avanzate da commissioni di esperti e dal mondo dell’accademia: il ruolo dell’immigrazione, della tecnologia come volano per la produttività. Ma soprattutto proposte di cambiamento nella cultura lavorativa del paese e la creazione di un welfare a supporto dell’infanzia e degli anziani.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Russo, Carlos Eduardo Artioli. "Projeto de interven??o direcionamento estrat?gico da Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Norte." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM GEST?O P?BLICA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24477.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-12-04T21:47:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEduardoArtioliRusso_DISSERT.pdf: 3835839 bytes, checksum: facee59a8eed6c0db4579de4b5469c7c (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-12-11T19:18:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEduardoArtioliRusso_DISSERT.pdf: 3835839 bytes, checksum: facee59a8eed6c0db4579de4b5469c7c (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-11T19:18:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEduardoArtioliRusso_DISSERT.pdf: 3835839 bytes, checksum: facee59a8eed6c0db4579de4b5469c7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-01
A presente proposta de Interven??o examina a quest?o do planejamento estrat?gico com foco em uma institui??o do Poder Legislativo no ?mbito da Gest?o P?blica Estadual. O principal objetivo deste trabalho consiste em propor um modelo de direcionamento estrat?gico capaz de envolver o aprimoramento dos procedimentos legislativos, atendendo os anseios da sociedade com garantias de perenidade nas a??es administrativas da Assembleia Legislativa do Rio Grande do Norte. Para tanto, utilizou-se de question?rios estruturados a fim de se realizar um diagn?stico interno e externo da situa??o atual e das perspectivas futuras do Parlamento Potiguar, utilizando-se para isso requisitos como imagem, desempenho, situa??o atual de seu planejamento estrat?gico e vis?o de futuro. Esses question?rios foram aplicados em tr?s categorias de p?blico: servidores, deputados estaduais e sociedade. A t?cnica utilizada para a an?lise dos question?rios foi a an?lise de conte?do cujos resultados, comparados entre si e com a an?lise do planejamento estrat?gico 2017-2018, contribu?ram para a elabora??o de um mapeamento de tend?ncias, o qual foi analisado com foco na elabora??o da proposta e foi submetido ? valida??o por meio de um Grupo Focal que executa o planejamento estrat?gico em vigor na ALRN. Da an?lise dos question?rios, concluiu-se que o gerenciamento por diretrizes ? necess?rio para que a cultura estrat?gica possa se perpetuar na Casa Legislativa, que hoje possui baixa intera??o com a sociedade, apresentando baixa efici?ncia, efic?cia e efetividade no desempenho das atividades final?sticas, que s?o os processos legislativos. Com isso, houve uma preocupa??o voltada para o aumento da credibilidade, com maior participa??o popular, trazendo elementos de ?tica, transpar?ncia e comunica??o que devem estar alinhados com um direcionamento estrat?gico adequado. Pretende-se com a cria??o desta proposta contribuir para a melhoria da gest?o legislativa com foco nos conceitos da Nova Gest?o P?blica e com a inser??o de elementos de accountability, visando evoluir o Poder Legislativo no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte e garantir a melhoria de qualidade das pol?ticas p?blicas e da qualidade da Lei. Considerando que para o caso concreto a mensura??o dos resultados s? poder? ser realizada em caso de implanta??o efetiva pela Mesa Diretora da Casa, a presente pesquisa constitui na proposta de modelo de interven??o.
The present proposal for intervention examines the issue of strategic planning focusing on an institution of the Legislative Branch within on a State Public Administration. The main objective of this paper is to propose a model of strategic orientation capable of involving the improvement of the legislative procedures, meeting the society's longings with guarantees of continuity in the administrative actions of the Legislative Assembly of Rio Grande do Norte. Therefore, structured questionnaires were used in order to make an internal and external diagnosis of the current situation and future perspectives of the Rio Grande do Norte Parliament, using for such requirements such as image, performance, current situation of its strategic planning and vision of future. These questionnaires were used for three categories: public server, parliamentarians and society. The technique used to analysis the questionnaires was the content analysis whose results, compared to each other and to the analysis of the 2017-2018 strategic planning, contributed to the development of a trend mapping, which was analyzed with a focus on the elaboration of the proposal which was submitted to validation through a Focal Group that executes the strategic planning in force in the ALRN. From the analysis of the quiz, it was concluded that management by guidelines is necessary so that the strategic culture can be perpetuated in the Rio Grande do Norte Legislative Assembly, which today has low interaction with society, presenting low efficiency, effectiveness and effectiveness in the performance of the finalistic activities, which are legislative processes. In this way, there was a concern focused on increasing credibility, with greater popular participation, bringing elements of ethics, transparency and communication that should be aligned with an appropriate strategic direction. The aim of this proposal is to contribute to the improvement of legislative management focused on the concepts of New Public Management and the insertion of elements of accountability, aiming to evolve the Legislative Branch in the State of Rio Grande do Norte and ensuring improvement quality of public policies and the quality of the Law. Whereas for the case the measurement of the results can only be performed in case of effective implementation by the Board of Directors of the ALRN, the present research constitutes a proposal of intervention.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Bryce, Richard James. "The [flourishing] entrepreneur: a case for legislative intervention to support healthy SMME financial access in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25201.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis presents human flourishment as the theoretical foundation from which to pursue social policy in the post-colony. Accepting this theoretical foundation, the purpose of this thesis is to reflect on the role and potential of small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa. Further, this thesis will consider in what manner the law can support the realisation of the potential of South African SMMEs. The main value of this thesis is to illustrate the positive distributional impact that a human flourishment approach to legal intervention can have for a property system, which has the objective of supporting the realisation of the capabilities of persons in society. This value is illustrated in this thesis by analysing the relationship between the South African SMME and retail banking sectors. This thesis has chosen to focus on the SMME sector because of the role identified for SMMEs in South Africa's growth strategy, the National Development Plan (NDP). This role includes recognising SMMEs as being an entry point for previously excluded persons into the mainstream economy. A recent report by the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA) highlights that the potential of SMMEs in South Africa remain unrealised. The report identifies key barriers to SMME flourishment in South Africa. This thesis focuses on the following identified barriers in the report: (i) the existing legal framework with respect to SMMEs; (ii) existing government agency support available to SMMEs; and (iii) the ability of SMMEs to access finance and credit. A primary finding in this thesis is existing credit structures in the retail banking sector are negatively biased towards the black population group. This has an adverse impact on black entrepreneurs. It is suggested in this thesis that this negative bias is a consequence of apartheid. Apartheid had the effect of regulating the access that black people had to the mainstream economy and their ability to acquire and accumulate property. Recognising that SMMEs have an identified role to play in South Africa's growth strategy, this thesis finds that legislative intervention in the retail banking sector is needed in order to overcome this negative bias and to support increased SMME access to finance and credit. This thesis interprets the preamble to the Constitution, as well as the concept of transformative constitutionalism, as mandating a capabilities-approach to human development. It is for this reason that a property system with a distributional outcome that supports the realisation of the capabilities of persons in society is preferred by this thesis. It is only once there is a real commitment of moving the majority of South Africans into the mainstream economy will inroads to tackling inequality and poverty be made.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

MINI', GABRIELE. "COSA NOSTRA E LE FRODI COMUNITARIE NEL SETTORE AGRO-ZOOTECNICO: L'ATTIVITA' DI CONTRASTO ALLA LUCE DEI RECENTI INTERVENTI LEGISLATIVI." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/841435.

Full text

Abstract:

La presente ricerca approfondisce, sotto il profilo giuridico, il tema dell’infiltrazione mafiosa nell’agricoltura. Nello specifico, l’analisi si concentra sulle frodi comunitarie perpetrate da Cosa nostra nel settore agro-zootecnico e dei rispettivi strumenti normativi di contrasto e prevenzione, approfondendo il caso del Parco dei Nebrodi. Nel primo capitolo si ricostruisce sotto un profilo storico e sociologico il rapporto intercorrente tra mafia siciliana e settore agricolo, approfondendo il ruolo svolto dalla terra quale simbolo del potere mafioso e strumento di accumulazione della ricchezza. Nel secondo capitolo viene illustrata la Politica agricola dell’UE, ponendo l’accento sia sui punti deboli nelle procedure di erogazione, sia sulle forme di controllo contro gli abusi nella captazione e nella gestione. Nel terzo capitolo si analizza la vicenda connessa alla presenza di organizzazioni mafiose nel territorio del Parco naturale dei Nebrodi, che ha visto l’adozione di strumenti preventivi innovativi (protocollo di legalità) nell’assegnazione dei terreni. Nel quarto capitolo si illustrano gli strumenti amministrativi volti a prevenire il fenomeno abusivo oggetto d’esame, con particolare riferimento all’informativa antimafia e alle modifiche alla sua disciplina per renderla più efficace proprio in relazione all’accesso ai finanziamenti europei in agricoltura. Nel quinto capitolo si approfondiscono le principali modalità utilizzate dalle organizzazioni mafiose e dai soggetti che li supportano anche dall’esterno per realizzare gli abusi dei fondi in materia di sostegno alle imprese agricole e zootecniche. Si illustra, infine, nell’ultimo capitolo il nucleo centrale del sistema normativo di repressione del fenomeno considerato: la fattispecie della truffa aggravata per il conseguimento di erogazioni pubbliche e la sua interpretazione alla luce della giurisprudenza di legittimità.
This research investigates, from a legal point of view, the issue of mafia infiltration in agriculture. Specifically, the analysis focuses on the community fraud perpetrated by Cosa Nostra in the agro-zootechnical sector and the respective regulatory instruments of contrast and prevention, deepening the case of the Nebrodi Park. In the first chapter, the relationship between the Sicilian mafia and the agricultural sector is reconstructed from a historical and sociological point of view, deepening the role played by the land as a symbol of mafia power and an instrument for the accumulation of wealth. The second chapter illustrates the EU agricultural policy, focusing both on the weaknesses in the supply procedures, and on the forms of control against abuses in the collection and management. The third chapter analyzes the story connected to the presence of mafia organizations in the territory of the Nebrodi Natural Park, which saw the adoption of innovative preventive tools (legality protocol) in the allocation of land. The fourth chapter illustrates the administrative tools aimed at preventing the abusive phenomenon under examination, with particular reference to anti-mafia information and changes to its discipline to make it more effective precisely in relation to access to European funding in agriculture. In the fifth chapter, the main methods used by mafia organizations and subjects who support them also from the outside are examined in depth to carry out the abuses of funds in the field of support for agricultural and livestock businesses. Finally, the last chapter illustrates the central core of the regulatory system for the repression of the phenomenon considered: the case of aggravated fraud to obtain public funds and its interpretation in the light of the jurisprudence of legitimacy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Melo, Ana Lúcia Aguiar. "A intervenção legislativa no orçamento da União : implicações para a representação política, o federalismo e o desenvolvimento regional." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5571.

Full text

Abstract:

O problema central do estudo foi identificar como se processam as decisões federativas em relação à intervenção legislativa no trato da questão orçamentária. As hipóteses que nortearam a tese objetivam explicar como as relações Executivo-Legislativo, sustentadas pelo presidencialismo de coalizão e pela representação territorializada se desenvolvem na arena congressual, limitada às instâncias legislativas e executivas que norteiam a política orçamentária. Através de um recorte teórico embasado nos princípios do federalismo instituído após a Constituição de 1988 se processou a análise das decisões relativas à participação do Poder Legislativo em parte da definição do gasto público. Se, por um lado, a representação legislativa nessa matéria se mostrou ampliada ao estender à arena congressual as principais decisões na fase de planejamento da política orçamentária, resultando em aquisição de expertise técnica e política aos parlamentares, por outro lado, a legitimidade democrática restrita ainda impera, pois estas decisões se restringem às prioridades demandadas pelo Executivo federal, impossibilitando o cumprimento efetivo da demanda representada pelos congressistas. A investigação ocorreu em níveis distintos: a)uma análise históricocrítica da evolução do federalismo e da representação política brasileira permeadas pela predominância do Poder Executivo nas decisões do Estado e, b) uma análise comparativa do encaminhamento das emendas parlamentares de bancada dos vinte e seis estados e DF brasileiros ao Orçamento da União e a posterior liberação dos recursos pelo Executivo federal. Procurou-se identificar como o fenômeno da desproporcionalidade da representação dos estados brasileiros afeta as decisões federativas em política orçamentária e estabelece determinado perfil da representação política nacional em relação às demandas por recursos federais. Identificou-se o perfil da representação política através das demandas parlamentares encaminhadas pelas emendas de bancada no período de 1996 a 2001, e apurou-se que este vem sendo determinado pelo interesse estadual e pelas demandas específicas do Executivo federal em detrimento do interesse municipal. A representação política expressa na intervenção legislativa em matéria orçamentária produziu efeitos que correspondem majoritariamente a uma representação ampliada e universalista voltada ao fortalecimento do desenvolvimento regional, ainda que para as regiões Norte e Nordeste a representação regional se manifeste fragmentada, no caso da primeira, e resulte no insulamento das ações, no caso da segunda. Apesar do interesse estadual estar canalizado para o desenvolvimento regional, as singularidades da representação em cada estado e região brasileira v indicam que a preocupação com a rede de proteção social ao cidadão encontrou respaldo nas prioridades das bancadas dos estados e regiões desenvolvidas e menos desenvolvidas. Nos estados desenvolvidos a pressão pela liberação dos recursos foi maior, havendo, assim, a sensibilização e implementação de obras sociais pelo Executivo federal, ao passo que as bancadas de estados e regiões menos desenvolvidas priorizaram o aumento da infra-estrutura para o escoamento da produção (rodovias, portos, infra-estrutura hídrica). O princípio da justiça federativa, um dos pilares do federalismo brasileiro no que tange ao caráter redistributivo dos recursos federais disponibilizados nas transferências voluntárias, está sendo consolidado pela contribuição da intervenção legislativa em matéria orçamentária, pois vem beneficiando estados de menor população, mesmo que ainda não tenha sido observado o critério da renda estadual.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Harrel, Neil. "The Changing Governance of Genetic Intervention Technologies: An Analysis of Legal Change Patterns, Drivers, Impacts, and a Proposed Reform." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41866.

Full text

Abstract:

Major breakthroughs in biotechnology are leading to the emergence of novel methods to select and alter future individuals’ genomes. Genetic intervention technology is evolving from the medical practice of screening for life-threatening congenital malformations to the selection against embryos that might develop mild disabilities. Scientific research suggests that heritable genome-editing technology would enable the custom alteration and the enhancement of human biological characteristics, including appearance, athletic and intellectual abilities. These novel developments and their potential long-term impacts raise the question of how effective are the laws on genetic interventions in setting limits to rapidly evolving biotechnologies. This thesis examines genetic intervention laws in the United Kingdom and France and shows it exhibits a pattern of continuous legal changes over the past several years to permit a broadening range of genetic interventions that were previously prohibited. This pattern is characterized by the regulatory licensing of genetic interventions that specific legal restrictions have sought to disallow, such as screening against conditions that are mild, treatable and not predominantly determined by genes. Moreover, governments are currently considering replacing their bans on inheritable human genetic modification with regulations that will allow the alteration of genes linked to conditions deemed “serious” and for “therapeutic” purposes. This proposed regulatory model would enable licensing the very same type of genomic alterations intended to be prohibited – genetic enhancements of human physiological and cognitive capabilities. This legal change pattern is prima facie inconsistent with the key legislative objectives and relevant international instruments, which seek to restrict these particular genetic interventions. The overarching objectives underpinning the restrictions are to prevent a pattern in which the legal boundaries would become gradually laxer, attempts to improve human heredity and the associated human rights, societal and medical impacts. Furthermore, the pattern in which the legal boundaries are becoming laxer over time stems from drawing the lines between permissible and impermissible genetic interventions using language that is vague, subjective and places few limits on the rules’ scope. A law reform can address the current limit-setting challenges by employing clearer conceptual and normative distinctions and by articulating them using language that gives greater attention to clarity, reduced subjectivity, and explicitly delimits the rules’ scope. The thesis offers a blueprint for such a reform, which includes suggestions for specific legislative amendments, clearer conceptual distinctions and newly developed legal tests. The proposed law reform aims to offer a new avenue to advance towards the key policy goal of preventing the misuse of genetic intervention technologies by strengthening its governance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Silva, Alexandre Filgueira Sousa e. "Contratações públicas de bens e serviços: uma proposta de intervenção na Assembleia Legislativa do estado do Rio Grande do Norte." PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GESTÃO PÚBLICA, 2018. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/25554.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-07-03T12:38:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandreFilgueiraSousaESilva_DISSERT.pdf: 849503 bytes, checksum: 193572ff05ed62f7c5f134340e133877 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-07-10T12:28:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandreFilgueiraSousaESilva_DISSERT.pdf: 849503 bytes, checksum: 193572ff05ed62f7c5f134340e133877 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-10T12:28:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexandreFilgueiraSousaESilva_DISSERT.pdf: 849503 bytes, checksum: 193572ff05ed62f7c5f134340e133877 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01
A presente proposta de intervenção apresenta um trabalho que visa propor práticas do processo de contratações públicas de bens e serviços da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Seguindo uma tendência internacional, a partir de 1980, mudanças substanciais ocorreram na prática da gestão pública. Nesse sentido, de acordo com os autores, na gestão de compras a oferta de lances efetuados pela gestão privada a fim de conquistar a venda do produto ou serviço por meio da maior vantagem ao Estado. Para compor esse processo licitatório, procedimento administrativo formal vinculado a administração pública direta ou indireta, onde convida-se empresas interessadas (licitantes) a apresentarem propostas a fim de oferecerem bens e serviços, todos colaborando para formar a vontade contratual (CINTRA, 2006), precisa ter um norte de procedimentos que garantam a boa execução do trâmite e que assim se possa averiguar quais são as melhorias na gestão de compras de bens e serviços no âmbito da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Assim, esta pesquisa adotará a estratégia de preocupar-se com processos e padrões investigados em uma única organização. (MILLER, 1991, p. 22). George e Bannett (2005) propõem o uso do estudo de caso como uma forma de desembaralhar o emaranhado de causalidade que cerca um determinado fenômeno pesquisado. A pesquisa desenvolvida será de natureza descritiva, que segundo Vieira (2002) e Malhotra (2001), objetiva conhecer e interpretar a realidade, por meio da observação, descrição, classificação e interpretação de fenômenos, sem nela interferir para modificá-la. Finalmente, o modelo de análise e interpretação dos dados será estruturado a partir da análise de conteúdo categorial de Bardin, (1977). Segundo Joia (2004, p. 128), a análise de conteúdo tem como objetivo “descrever uma situação com profundidade, buscando ilustrar e dar realismo a ela, pela maior quantidade de dados e informações coletadas.” Pretende-se ainda com este projeto de intervenção contribuir para a evolução dos estudos de compras no âmbito Legislativo, especialmente no Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, bem como impulsionar o conhecimento sobre as técnicas ou procedimentos, os entraves, efeitos e desafios que possivelmente possam confrontar no seu dia-a-dia na área de compras.
The present proposal of intervention presents a work that proposes to propose practices of the process of public contracting of goods and services of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Following an international trend, since 1980, substantial changes have occurred in the practice of public management. In this sense, according to the authors, in the management of purchases the bidding of private management to win the sale of the product or service by the greater advantage to the State. In order to compose this bidding process, a formal administrative procedure linked to the right or indirect public administration, where interested companies (bidders) are invited to submit proposals in order to offer goods and services, all collaborating to form contractual will (CINTRA, 2006). needs to have a set of procedures that guarantee the proper execution of the process and so that it can ascertain what are the improvements in the management of purchases of goods and services in the scope of the Legislative Assembly of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. Thus, this research will adopt the strategy of caring about processes and standards investigated in a single organization. (MILLER, 1991, p.22). George and Bannett (2005) propose the use of case study as a way to untangle the tangle of causality that surrounds a particular phenomenon under investigation. The research developed will be descriptive in nature, which according to Vieira (2002) and Malhotra (2001) aims to know and interpret reality, through observation, description, classification and interpretation of phenomena, without interfering in it to modify it. Finally, the data analysis and interpretation model will be structured from the categorical content analysis of Bardin, (1977). According to Joia (2004: 128), content analysis aims to "describe a situation with depth, seeking to illustrate and give realism to it, by the greater amount of data and information collected." This proposal of intervention intends to contribute to the evolution of the studies of purchases in the Legislative scope, especially in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, as well as to promote the knowledge about the techniques or procedures, the obstacles, effects and challenges that they can possibly confront in their day-to-day in the area of shopping.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Telésforo, Rachel Lopes. "Uber: inovação disruptiva e ciclos de intervenção regulatória." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18082.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Rachel Lopes Telésforo (rachel@tclaw.adv.br) on 2017-03-15T19:58:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RLT - DISSERTACAO MESTRADO - 2017.docx: 1963235 bytes, checksum: 3dcbac03c54376081f5116490cd805fa (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Publicação Direito Rio (publicacao.direitorio@fgv.br) on 2017-03-16T13:47:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RLT - DISSERTACAO MESTRADO - 2017.docx: 1963235 bytes, checksum: 3dcbac03c54376081f5116490cd805fa (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T19:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RLT - DISSERTACAO MESTRADO - 2017.docx: 1963235 bytes, checksum: 3dcbac03c54376081f5116490cd805fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016
Technologic innovation is inevitable. Regulation, optional. All over the world, economic trends emerge every moment. Regarding the individual transport system of passengers, focus of this work, sharing economy brought paradigmatic disruptions, as occurred with the arrival of Uber device that offers similar services to taxis and promises to reduce ― or even eliminate ― existing market failures for years. Taxi Market is known for taxis upregulation, and until then, little competition and low consumer satisfaction index. Uber´s presence brought greater expectations of quality, but in the opposite direction of the success with users, the regulator follow the following cycle of intervention all over the world: (i) Immediate app’s prohibition; (ii) Uber’s indirect prohibition, according regulation in accordance with the traditional system/ 'a la taxi' (planning permissions and other mechanisms) and (iii) studies to introduction of a specific regulation, that put together technologic benefices and real attendance to public interest. To look more closely to the cycles, this paper analyzed the regulator’s posture in 23 megacities all over the world, according definition of United Nations – UN, that exemplified agent´s conduct in the cities with more than seven million habitants. Faced with said interventions, this paper has concluded that there is a strong regulatory capture in the transport of passenger’s market ― and there was made a theoretical approach of the Public Choice Theory ― since the first and second cycles evidence benefices of small groups of interest in the sector, rather than the mass. Besides that, since technology can reduce problems involving situations of monopolies, asymmetric information and negative externalities, there is no reason to justify the necessity of maintenance of the regulation, already considered excessive in said market. Also, it is worth mentioning that the regulatory actions were directly countered not only by the popular opinion, but mainly by force of judicial decisions all over the world, that by means of preliminary injunctions prevented abrasive reactions of those agents, and that indicates that judiciary sector is not captured. The third cycle of regulatory intervention indicates a way of interconnection between collaborative economies and urban solutions with the objective of the collective benefice. Studies all over the world points the necessity of regulatory alternatives that can conciliate the public interest with the comprehension of the technologic progress. However, to achieve the third cycle of regulation, it is necessary that the regulator abandon the character merely supervisory and assumes a behavior more analytical and proactive, with the objective of finding regulatory alternatives able to bring gains in infrastructure and urbanization.
A inovação tecnológica é inevitável. A regulação, opcional. Ao redor do mundo, tendências econômicas surgem a cada instante. No que tange ao sistema de transporte individual de passageiros, foco do presente trabalho, a economia de compartilhamento trouxe rompimentos paradigmáticos, como o que ocorreu com a chegada do dispositivo Uber, que oferece serviços semelhantes ao de táxis e reduz ― chegando em alguns casos, a eliminar ― falhas de mercado existentes há anos. O mercado de táxis é conhecido pela alta regulação, tendo até então, pouca concorrência e baixo índice de satisfação do consumidor. A presença do Uber trouxe maior expectativa de qualidade, mas em contramão ao sucesso junto aos usuários, o regulador segue o seguinte ciclo de intervenção reguladora, ao redor do mundo: (i) proibição imediata do aplicativo; (ii) proibição indireta do Uber, por meio de regulação feita de acordo com o sistema tradicional/ 'a la táxi' (concessão de alvarás, dentre outros mecanismos) e (iii) estudos para implementação de uma regulação específica, que une os benefícios tecnológicos ao real atendimento do interesse público. Para analisar mais profundamente esses ciclos, estudou-se a postura do regulador em 23 megacidades ao redor do mundo, conforme padrão definido pelas Organização das Nações Unidas – ONU, o que exemplificou a conduta dos agentes em cidades com mais de sete milhões de habitantes. Diante de tais intervenções, chegou-se à conclusão de que existe forte captura regulatória no sistema de transporte de passageiros ― tendo sido feita uma abordagem da Teoria da Escolha Pública ― já que os dois primeiros ciclos apontam benefícios de pequenos grupos de interesse no setor, em detrimento do coletivo. Além disso, se a tecnologia é capaz de reduzir falhas envolvendo situações de monopólios situacionais, assimetrias de informação e externalidades negativas, não haveria outro motivo que justificasse a necessidade na manutenção da regulação, já tida como excedente no mercado em apreço. Válido mencionar que as ações regulatórias foram prontamente combatidas não apenas pela opinião popular, mas principalmente por meio de decisões judiciais ao redor do mundo, que por meio de liminares impediram reações mais abrasivas de tais agentes, e o que aponta que tal setor não se encontra capturado. O terceiro ciclo de intervenção regulatória indica um caminho de interconexão entre as economias de colaboração com medidas urbanas que busquem beneficiar o coletivo. Estudos ao redor do mundo evidenciam a necessidade de alternativas regulatórias que possam conciliar o interesse público com a compreensão da natureza do progresso tecnológico. No entanto, para que se chegue a tal ciclo interventivo, é necessário que o regulador abandone o caráter meramente fiscalizatório e assuma comportamento mais analítico e proativo, no sentido de aplicar alternativas regulatórias que impliquem em medidas que representem ganhos em infraestrutura e urbanização.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Tuma, Eduardo. "A tributação na perspectiva do Estado neoliberal: leitura da obra Law, legislation and liberty, de Friedrich August von Hayek." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8961.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Tuma.pdf: 1201861 bytes, checksum: e7a00741ab1789fb5b20b871c679d890 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-11
In the years that have widened the contradictions of the capitalist system - 1974 - Friedrich August von Hayek wrote a memorable thesis of Law, Legislation and Liberty target of analysis in this study. Spontaneous order, freedom and minimal state intervention in society: these are expressions that represent the essence of the author's thinking, which proposes a constitutional model as opposed to socialist ideas. Until today, the ideas found in reading the work of Friedrich August von Hayek have particular importance, because it proposes concepts to ensure the functioning of the state, especially with regard to the need for fixing the burden distributed to individuals, which requires a total control of public spending. It can not be denied that the work, published more than three decades ago, survives and serves as a stimulus to the State that aims to achieve the so-called fair taxation without neglecting the maintenance of spontaneous order as a necessity for the preservation of the free economy
No ano em que se acentuaram as contradições do sistema capitalista 1974 Friedrich August von Hayek escreveu a memorável obra Law, Legislation and Liberty (Direito, Legislação e Liberdade), alvo de estudo e análise do presente trabalho. Ordem espontânea, liberdade e intervenção mínima do Estado na sociedade: estas são as expressões que representam a essência do pensamento do autor, que sugere um modelo constitucional, em oposição às concepções socialistas. Até os dias atuais, as ideias expostas na leitura da obra de Friedrich August von Hayek assumem especial importância, pois propõem conceitos fundamentais para garantir o funcionamento do Estado, especialmente no que se refere à necessidade de fixação prévia do ônus que deve ser distribuído aos indivíduos, o que exige um controle total dos gastos públicos. Não se pode negar que a obra, publicada ha mais de três décadas, sobrevive e serve de estímulo para o Estado que almeja alcançar a denominada justiça fiscal sem olvidar a manutenção da ordem espontânea, necessária para a conservação da livre economia

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ribeiro, Maria Helena Fonseca Marques. "A intervenção no edifício dos Paços do Concelho de Lisboa após o incêndio de 1996." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UTL-Universidade Técnica de Lisboa -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29340.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Nestor, Meredith. "The effect of occupational health and safety regulator intervention on the Australian Army." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/397588.

Full text

Abstract:

What is the effect of occupational health and safety regulator intervention on the Australian Army? Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate how Regulator intervention influenced the Australian Army’s behavioural compliance, after changes to OHS legislation, and how outcome performance could be measured. Military members are trained for brinkmanship, to positively navigate the edge between recklessness and risk avoidance, sometimes with catastrophic consequences. The removal of Crown exemption from Commonwealth OHS legislation in 2004 was followed by a series of prosecutions of the Australian Defence Force (ADF), particularly the Australian Army, for death and serious injury in training. This provided a unique opportunity to study what interventions are most effective, how regulator intervention prevents harm, and how that could be measured in a high-risk work environment. Methods: A literature review identified the most effective interventions were new OHS regulations and regulatory inspections. A model for regulatory intervention was developed, showing regulatory and contextual factors that influence a decision to comply. A case study of the death of Trooper Angus Lawrence from heat stroke in 2004 was undertaken, to determine which factors most influenced behavioural compliance in the Army. The model had to be redesigned into a matrix to show how factors overlap in the real world. Available data sets were reviewed to assess if changes in incident and injury rates could be linked to intervention, and provide a performance measure for the Regulator. Results: Combined regulatory factors had more influence than contextual factors. The most significant regulatory factors affecting decision making were reduced awareness and perception of relevance, which contributed to a reduced understanding of how to comply at the operational level of decision-making. Non-regulatory contextual factors were less evident, but more influential at the tactical level, and could be improved by Regulator communication penetrating the Army workplace. Comcare lacked a network to communicate external legislative requirements because ADF members are exempt from consultative arrangements which undermined a key objective of the OHS Act. The absence of trained uniformed Health and Safety Representatives in the workplace, empowered to stop work, was a key factor. Fear of prosecution and penalties were not influential in decision making. Ability and willingness to comply became evident after a breach was detected and understood. Comcare did not have access to reliable injury data for the ADF or Army because rehabilitation and compensation arrangements were historically complicated, and Defence members are not included in key national data sets. The frequency and severity of data on heat illness in the Defence incident data base was not considered reliable, therefore the effect of changes to the OHS Act on performance outcomes could not be measured. Conclusions: The effect of OHS regulator intervention on the Australian Army could not be reliably measured. Changes to the OHS Act in 2004 were not associated with improvements in regulatory administration or behavioural compliance in the Army, and regulator performance could not be reliably measured. This thesis questions if Defence Declarations and Exemptions from consultative arrangements are still relevant, or if they create unintended liability for military commanders.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Arts Research (MARes)
School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Lin, Ling, and 林灵. "The effectiveness and legitimacy of investment incentive regime in China: dilemmas of state intervention." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50533757.

Full text

Abstract:

While investment incentives are increasingly employed by the developing economies, the vast amount of literature has failed to reach a consensus on the role of incentive regimes. A fundamental problem with the previous econometric studies is that they assume a mature market condition, under which the government should remain outside FDI competition. However, in reality, most developing countries lack a mature market and market-oriented regulatory institutions. This thesis adds to the conventional wisdom by examining whether and how Chinese investment incentive regimes have been successful in harnessing FDI during the last three decades. Like many developing economies, China is still in the process of building a market economy. The striking ability of China to attract FDI with numerous incentives presents a meaningful laboratory for examining the role of investment incentives. In contrast to most previous economic studies, this thesis does not attempt to examine the economic mechanisms of investment incentives. The basic presumption of this thesis is that incentive measures are instrument of state intervention with designed policy goals. A policy-oriented approach has thus been adopted, under which the role of investment incentives is examined against precisely defined policy objectives in a particular policy context. In China’s case, the efficacy of investment incentives is shown by a strategic and dynamic correlation between the investment incentive regime and its achieved development goals. In the given policy context, their functions cannot be replaced by more desirable instruments due to the political and economic constraints. Besides the economic evaluation, the study adds the legal dimension of evaluation on investment incentives. From a legal perspective, the regulatory space for developing countries is increasingly defined by the international legal regime. Investment incentives should be framed in a way to balance national interests and the level of protection required for foreign investment. The evolution of China’s incentive regime presents a good example to integrate global consensus with domestic imperatives. By unifying its income tax system, China adopted an incentive regime generally consistent with its WTO commitments and could be utilized to its advantages. However, serious problems inherent in the incentive system have already emerged in China, which may hamper its economic development in the long run. The thesis shows that the state’s capacity to channel FDI towards development goals is declining, as its intrusiveness has given way to arbitrariness. A top-down approach deprives foreign investors of their channels to communicate their opinions to the policymakers. The local arbitrariness and corruption in incentive implementation will compound the problem and hinder the inflows of high quality foreign investment. The thesis then proposes that the investment incentive regime in China needs to be upgraded into a more legalized system with non-discrimination, transparency, coherence and an effective monitoring mechanism as its central features. The legalization process would help to alleviate the negative effects of investment incentives. In the absence of a political infrastructure compatible with a rules-based system, the Chinese government needs to start with redefining the government-business relationship with a legal framework and reinforcing an independent judicial system.
published_or_final_version
Law
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Lallinger, Stefan. "Madison, Hamilton, and Reagan: The Limits of Executive Power in Foreign Policy and the Reagan Intervention in Nicaragua." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2011. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1324.

Full text

Abstract:

The distribution of power between the executive branch and the legislative branch in the realm of foreign policy is a delicate balance and one that has been debated since the Founding Fathers met in Philadelphia in the summer of 1787. The debate has gotten no less intense and no less crucial in the modern, nuclear age, and it remains unresolved. The Reagan administration's foray into Nicaragua during the 1980's and its confrontations with Congress during that time period illuminate the complexities of the power-sharing arrangement in foreign policy and offer the ideal case study of executive-legislative war power. The lessons to be drawn from America's involvement in Nicaragua are that the expanded Presidential power in the realm of foreign policy are necessary for the safety of the country in today's world, but dangerous without the vigorous oversight and ultimate check by Congress.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Lopes, Ana Paula de Almeida. "Poder judiciário e democracia : uma análise do impacto da intervenção judicial nas regras da competição política de 2002 a 2010." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/117577.

Full text

Abstract:

Algumas decisões proferidas pelo Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE) e Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), a partir do ano de 2002, que modificaram regras da competição político-partidária, provocaram polêmica no meio acadêmico a respeito do impacto do protagonismo judicial na estabilidade das instituições democráticas. Além de solucionar o contencioso eleitoral por meio da interpretação das divergências na aplicação da lei eleitoral, ambas as cortes teriam passado a criar regras orientadas por uma noção normativa dos ministros de quais seriam os melhores preceitos para corrigir o sistema político. Esta tese analisa o impacto das principais decisões proferidas pelo TSE e STF, no período de 2002 a 2010, sobre o equilíbrio das instituições democráticas. A hipótese apresentada, a partir do que tem sido indicado pela literatura nacional, é que o perfil mais ativista do Judiciário brasileiro provocou um desequilíbrio na correlação de forças com o Poder Legislativo, afetando o modelo de democracia constitucional brasileiro. Assim, será feita uma análise da ampliação das possibilidades de interação do Judiciário com o sistema político, principalmente a partir do término da II Guerra Mundial, a fim de delinear o modelo de democracia constitucional brasileiro. Em seguida, examina-se a trajetória histórica do Poder Judiciário na competição política e o seu padrão de comportamento a partir da outorga ao STF do poder de declarar a inconstitucionalidade das leis, bem como o modelo institucional de governança eleitoral do Brasil mediante uma análise comparada com a Argentina, os Estados Unidos e o México. Por fim, são analisadas seis decisões paradigmas, a partir de critérios pré-estabelecidos, com o objetivo de avaliar se, para além da interpretação das divergências na aplicação da lei eleitoral, o Judiciário teria passado a criar normativas a partir de sua percepção de quais seriam as melhores regras para o processo democrático, tomando para si um papel que tradicionalmente seria do Poder Legislativo.
Some decisions uttered by Superior Electoral Court (TSE) and Federal Supreme Court (STF), from the year 2002, amending the rules of political party competition caused controversy in academic circles about the impact of the judicial role in the stability of democratic institutions. In addition to resolving electoral disputes through interpretation of discrepancies in the application of the electoral law, both courts would have started to create rules guided by the ministers’ normative notion of which would be the best precepts to fix the political system. This thesis analyzes such judicial role from the impact of key decisions made by the TSE and the STF, in the period 2002-2010, on the balance of democratic institutions. The hypothesis presented, from what has been indicated by the national literature, is that the more activist profile of the Brazilian Judiciary has caused an imbalance in the correlation of forces with the legislative branch, affecting the Brazilian constitutional democracy model. Thus, an analysis of the expansion of the judicial possibilities of interaction with the political system, especially since the end of World War II will be made to outline the Brazilian constitutional democracy model. Next, it is examined the historical trajectory of the Judiciary in political competition and its pattern of behavior since the Supreme Court was granted with the power to declare the unconstitutionality of laws, as well as the institutional model of electoral governance in Brazil through a comparative analysis with Argentina, the United States and Mexico. Finally, six paradigms decisions are analyzed, out of pre-established criteria in order to assess whether, in addition to the interpretation of divergences in the implementation of the electoral law, the Judiciary would have spent to create normative from the perception of which would be the best rules for the democratic process, taking on a role that traditionally would belong to the legislative branch.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Reynecke, Ashwin Jermain. "Testing the boundaries of municipal supervision: an analysis of Section 106 of the Municipal Systems Act and provincial legislation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2468_1370594290.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Roberts, David Stevens. "Evaluation of a large scale intervention project to increase safety belt use in eight Virginia communities." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10222009-125152/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Martins, Danilo Ribeiro Miranda. "Intervenção do Estado na previdência privada: limites e diretrizes." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20321.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-08-30T12:55:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Ribeiro Miranda Martins.pdf: 1834897 bytes, checksum: 4388e6d3e7d0907ee497d75c23215eda (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-30T12:55:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Ribeiro Miranda Martins.pdf: 1834897 bytes, checksum: 4388e6d3e7d0907ee497d75c23215eda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23
This study aims to identify limits e directives to regulation and supervision of private pension plans in Brazil. For this purpose, we analyze the article 202 of brazilian Constitution, as well as its classification as a social righ and part of the Social Security System. We also evaluated the directives and general rules fixed by Complementary Laws n. 108 and 109, of 2001, wich are guidelines for assessment of legitimacy of rules issued by regulatory bodies. In this analysis, we consider the transformations in Public Administration in recent years, wich led to debates about the new role of the Regulatory State, and its repercussions on the brazilian Social Secutrity System. It was verified, however, that such reforms can not exclude the conclusion that the current Constitution intends to establish a Welfare State in Brazil. Therefore, justice and solidarity should serve as a guide for the action of regulatory and supervisory bodies, even if private pension is subject to a private regime. It was also observed that the main rule that must guide State actions is the protection of the participants, promoting the contractual balance of powers in the private pension relationship. Finally, we conclude that the State many times have departed from the constitutional and legal rules that should serve as a basis for their action, forgetting the various limits and guidelines established for their regulatory and supervisory activities
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal identificar limites e diretrizes para a atuação do Estado na atividade de regulação e supervisão do regime de previdência complementar no Brasil. Para tanto, parte-se da análise dos princípios estabelecidos no artigo 202 da Constituição Federal, bem como do enquadramento da previdência complementar como direito social, inserido dentro do Sistema de Seguridade Social. Também são avaliadas as diretrizes e regras gerais fixadas pelas Leis Complementares nº 108 e 109, de 2001, que servem igualmente de norte para a apreciação da legitimidade das normas expedidas pelos órgãos reguladores. Considera-se, nessa análise, as transformações operadas na Administração Pública nos últimos anos, que deram ensejo a debates sobre o novo papel do Estado Regulador, com reflexos sobre o Sistema de Seguridade Social brasileiro. Verificou-se, contudo, que tais reformas não podem afastar a conclusão de que a Constituição em vigor pretende a implantação de um Estado de Bem-Estar Social no Brasil, razão pela qual a justiça e a solidariedade devem servir de guia para a ação dos órgãos reguladores e fiscalizadores, ainda que a previdência complementar esteja sujeita a um regime privado. Ademais, constatou-se que a principal diretriz que deve pautar a ação do Estado é a proteção dos participantes, promovendo o equilíbrio contratual na relação de previdência complementar. Por fim, concluiu-se que os órgãos reguladores várias vezes têm se afastado das normas constitucionais e legais que servem de fundamento para sua atuação, olvidando os diversos limites e diretrizes fixados para sua atividade regulatória

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Thomas, Samantha. "Training intervention for volunteers supporting victims of intimate partner violence in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65079.

Full text

Abstract:

Intimate Partner Violence continues to be a significant social problem in South Africa, requiring a systematised and effective response at multiple levels. The organisation at the centre of this research offers crisis intervention to victims of intimate partner violence, providing basic psychological support, legal information and referrals. The volunteer crisis interventionists are exposed to numerous in-depth accounts of violent and distressing victimisation, making them more vulnerable to vicarious traumatisation. Through this work, their prior assumptions about personal safety, the trustworthiness of other people, and basic justice in the world, are challenged. The challenge to these assumptions increases the likelihood of countertransference victim blaming responses, as it is often easier to hold the client responsible for the tragic event than for the support worker to transform their own assumptions about safety and justice. This victim blaming response is supported by the dominant patriarchal ideology which frequently seeks to maintain the systems of oppression, excusing the perpetrator and placing responsibility on the victim. It was therefore clear that in order to do this work effectively, volunteers needed to be trained to identify their countertransference reactions and emotional responses, as well as undergo a critical re-assessment of their ideas relating to intimate partner violence and victimisation. Using an Intervention Research paradigm, this research designed and developed a training programme based on transformative learning theory, moving away from traditional information models of training to a focus on emotional skills and critical self-insight. The phases of the intervention refined the intervention in order to ensure that the research objectives were met and that the programme could be easily replicated. The evaluation of each phase showed an increased capacity for critical insight, and evidence for a transformative shift in the trainees understanding and approach to intimate partner violence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Du, Plessis Madri. "Evaluation of the international law regarding humanitarian intervention in human rights abuses not breaching international peace and security." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53742.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University,2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study exammes, m stages of development, the existing law regarding humanitarian intervention, problems in respect of this law and cases of intervention. More specifically, intervention in human rights abuses not breaching international peace and security but rather posing a so-called threat to peace is examined. This information is used to consider whether more adequate provision can be made regarding circumstances of intervention to stop situations of grave human rights abuses sooner. From the law regarding humanitarian intervention, it is evident that the institution of intervention is illegal under the present UN legal system. Yet, in a time when the human rights culture has become so important that it forms part of the basis of international law, effective intervention is not being authorised by the Security Council. As a result, other actors have been intervening in cases of grave human rights abuses. These interventions need to be appropriate and well managed. Since the protection of human rights is as valid in non-democracies, as in any democratic state form, the study finds that human rights will benefit from dependence on legitimate authority. Attributing more importance to the Uniting for Peace Resolution could expand the role of the General Assembly. Humanitarian intervention also needs to be coupled with a commitment to address the causes of human rights abuses through conflict resolution and social reconstruction. The study concludes with some criteria/guidelines for the establishment of the legitimacy of intervention.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is - binne 'n raamwerk van ontwikkelingstydperke - 'n ondersoek na die bestaande reg aangaande humanitêre ingryping, probleme tenopsigte daarvan en gevalle van ingryping. Veral ingrypings in menseregte-skendings wat nie internasionale vrede en sekuriteit skend nie, maar eerder 'n sogenaamde bedreiging vir vrede is, word ondersoek. Die inligting wat so bekom is, word gebruik om te oordeel of meer gepaste voorsiening gemaak kan word waarvolgens situasies van growwe menseregte-skendings deur ingryping gouer beëindig kan word. Die reg aangaande humanitêre ingryping toon dat ingryping onwettig is in die bestaande regsisteem van die Verenigde Nasies. In 'n tyd waarin menseregte so belangrik geword het dat dit ten grondslag lê van internasionale reg, word effektiewe ingrypings nogtans nie gemagtig deur die Veiligheidsraad nie. Gevolglik gryp ander partye in om teen situasies van growwe menseregte-skendings op te tree. Hierdie ingrypings moet daarom gepas wees en goed bestuur word. Aangesien die beskerming van menseregte net so geldig is in ander staatsvorms as in demokrasieë, bevind die studie dat menseregte sal baat daarby indien dit afhanklik is van legitieme gesag. Voorts kan die rol van die Algemene Vergadering aangaande die beskerming van menseregte uitgebrei word deur groter waarde te heg aan die "Uniting for Peace"-resolusie. Dit is verder nodig dat humanitêre ingryping gekoppel word aan 'n verbintenis om die oorsake van menseregteskendings aan te pak deur konflik-resolusie en sosiale heropbou. Ter afsluiting word riglyne neergelê om te help met die bepaling van die legitimiteit van . . mgrypmg.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Wong, Yik-fan Frank, and 黃翊芬. "The multi-storey buildings (owners incorporation) (Amendment) Ordinance 1993: an evaluation of thegovernment's intervention in the management of private housing in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196817X.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Marinello, Eva <1988&gt. "I vizi di bilancio: dall'invalidità delle delibere di approvazione del bilancio alle false comunicazioni sociali. I postulati di chiarezza, veridicità e correttezza in bilico tra la tutela civilistica e quella penale, i nuovi orizzonti sulla trasparenza societaria e gli auspicabili interventi legislativi." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2185.

Full text

Abstract:

Vengono esposti nella parte introduttivi i principi contabili sanciti nell'ordinamento italiano ed elaborati dalla prassi professionale. L'analisi si focalizza sui postulati fondamentali ex art. 2423 C.C. secondo i quali il bilancio d'esercizio deve rappresentare la situazione patrimoniale, finanziaria ed economica in modo chiaro, veritiero e corretto. Ripercorse le norme sulla formazione del bilancio si approfondisce successivamente la disciplina dell'invalidità delle delibere dell'assemblea dei soci, con particolare attenzione a quelle con cui viene approvato il bilancio, ovvero le ipotesi di annullabilità e nullità contenute nell'art. 2434-bis C.C., causate rispettivamente da vizi meramente procedimentali ed vizi sostanziali, afferenti al contenuto del bilancio. Dalla disciplina civilistica delle alterazioni contabili si esamina la normazione penal-societaria del c.d. falso in bilancio. Gli articoli 2621 e 2622 C.C., riguardanti le false comunicazioni sociali e le false comunicazioni sociali in danno della società, dei soci e dei creditori sono gli articoli di riferimento su cui viene sviluppato lo studio dottrinale e giurisprudenziale della materia. Individuate le possibili cause alla base degli artifizi contabili, siano essi indirizzati ad un miglioramento della rappresentazione, piuttosto che un metodo di evasione d'imposta, si esamina un caso pratico nel quale sono stati individuati alcuni vizi di contenuto degli schemi tipici del bilancio.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Landini, Luiz Alberto Rodrigues. "A consolidação das redes de trasmissão e de distribuição do sistema eletrico brasileiro em face da intervenção do Estado na propiedade." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263969.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientadores: Moacyr Trindade de Oliveira Andrade, Floriano Peixoto de Azevedo Marques Neto
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T10:40:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Landini_LuizAlbertoRodrigues_D.pdf: 1207326 bytes, checksum: b2ca669a4eb5daf92ea3a407e474da70 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A reestruturação e a privatização do setor elétrico a partir de 1995 redefiniram o papel do Estado neste setor, que passa a assumir a função regulatória e de controle em substituição às atividades de agente empreendedor. Com essa não interveniência o Estado tornou-se apenas responsável pela regulação, fiscalização e controle dos serviços públicos concedidos de energia elétrica, sendo que o fortalecimento do marco regulatório se deu com a criação da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica ¿ ANEEL, instituída pela Lei nº 9.427, de 26 de dezembro de 1996. Paradoxalmente a isso, os serviços de infra-estrutura de energia elétrica, para que possam ser implementados, necessitam da intervenção do Estado na propriedade do particular. Assim ocorre na geração, transmissão e na distribuição de energia elétrica. Um país de dimensões continentais como o Brasil, torna tais serviços de grande complexidade para sua implementação, pois desde a geração da energia elétrica até os grandes centros consumidores há necessidade da implantação de uma vasta rede de linhas transmissoras e distribuidoras que transpassam por inúmeras propriedades sobre as quais recaem os ônus da servidão, ou, quando não, são desapropriadas para a destinação a ser dada pelas concessionárias, trazendo sérios transtornos aos seus proprietários. Neste contexto observa-se no presente trabalho que, conquanto o detentor do imóvel não perde o domínio de sua propriedade, pois não há a transferência dela para a concessionária nos casos de instituição de servidão de passagem de linhas transmissoras e distribuidoras de energia elétrica, há sempre a restrição quanto ao uso, gozo e fruição da mesma. Diferindo da faixa de servidão, na desapropriação ocorre a transferência da propriedade para o titular do direito à expropriação, fazendo com que o proprietário perca sua propriedade para o Estado, representado por quem esse tenha outorgado a concessão ou permissão para a exploração do serviço. Para tanto, compete ao poder concedente como medida preparatória, a emissão dos atos declaratórios de utilidade pública para fins de desapropriação ou de instituição de servidão administrativa no setor elétrico tal qual previsto na Lei nº 8.987, de 13 de fevereiro de 1995 (Lei de Concessões), que dispõe sobre o regime de concessão e permissão da prestação de serviços públicos previsto no caput do art. 175 da Constituição Federal. No entanto, a reestruturação e a privatização de diversos setores, tais quais previstos no Programa Nacional de Desestatização - PND, trouxeram algumas dificuldades que não eram observadas quando todas as empresas implementadoras de infra-estrutura eram estatais. Neste contexto se situam as empresas prestadoras dos serviços públicos de energia elétrica, e de rodovias, em face das controvérsias verificadas quanto à utilização transversal e longitudinal das faixas de domínio das rodovias por empresas transmissoras e distribuidoras de energia elétrica, em razão de cobranças pecuniárias para sua utilização, denominadas como receitas complementares ou acessórias. O presente trabalho além de abordar o entendimento das concessionárias envolvidas, e das agências ARTESP, CSPE, ANEEL, e ABCR, ao final, trata de questão recém regulamentada, ou seja, a incorporação das redes particulares de distribuição, que não disponham de ato autorizativo do poder concedente, ao patrimônio das concessionárias de energia elétrica, em face da disposição contida na Lei nº 10.848, de 15 de março de 2004, que dispõe sobre a comercialização de energia, dando, também, outras providências. Estas questões, entre outras, são discutidas no presente trabalho, trazendo a lume, ao seu final, conclusões e recomendações quanto aos temas abordados
Abstract: The restructuring and privatization of the Brazilian electric sector started in 1995, has redefined the State¿s role within this sector that now starts to play the regulating and controlling functions instead of those of a contractor agent. With the non-intervention, the State has become the responsible for regulating, supervising and controlling the granted electric energy public services; keeping in mind that the strenghtening of the regulatory process begun with the founding of the Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica ¿ ANEEL, instituted by Law nº 9.427, 1996 december 26th. On the other hand, for the implementation of the electric energy infrastructure services, it is necessary the State¿s intervention on private properties. That is the way it happens in generation, transmission and distribution of electric energy. A country like Brazil with continental dimensions, makes the implementation of such services quite complex, because from the generation point to the great consumer markets there is the need of implementing huge transmission and distribution networks through many private properties which suffer the burden of public right of free passage over it, or in many other cases these properties are expropriated and whose destination is decided by the utilities, causing serious troubles to their rightful owners. Under this circumstances it is observed in this project that although the land owner does not lose the right over his property (for there is not a legal transfer from the owner to the utility when the public right of free passage to the transmission and distribution networks is aplicable), there is always the problem related to the restriction of the usage, fruition and enjoyment of this very property by the owner. When it comes to expropriation, there is the transfer of the owner's rights, makin the owner loses it's property to the State; the State is, in this case, represented by a company that was granted the rights or permission to exploit the service. For this to happen, it is due to the power in charge of granting this concession (as a preparatory measure), the issuing of declaratory actions aiming the expropriation or the institution of administrative servitude in the electric sector, as foreseen in the Law nº 8.987 (february 13th 1995) known as Leis de Concessão (Concessions Law), which determines the clauses of the concession¿s set of rules, and the granting of the rendering of public services, as stated by caput in art. 175 of the Federal Constitution. However, the restructuring and privatization of various segments, according to the Programa Nacional de Desestatização ¿ PND (National Program for Privatization), have brought some difficulties that were not taken into account when all the companies resposible for implementing the infrastructure belonged to the State. We may include in this context, the companies which rendered electric energy public services, and highways, in view of the controversies related to the transversal and longitudinal usage of the sovereignty zones belonging to the highways by transmission and distribution of electric energy companies, due to pecuniary charges for its usage, the so-called complementary or secondary income. This document besides aproaching the understanding of the involved utilities as well as the agencies ARTESP, CSPE, ANEEL, and ABCR, deals with a recently regulated issue, that is, the incorporation of private distribution networks, which do not have an authorization act from the granting power, to the net assets of the electric energy utilities, in view of the clause contained in the Law nº 10.848, march 15th 2004, which establishes regulations over the energy trade, offering other arrangements as well. These issues, among others, are detailed in this current document, showing at the end, conclusions and recommendations related to the topics discussed.
Doutorado
Doutor em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Otero, Perdomo Andrea. "Réforme, intervention et métamorphose d'un système universitaire : le cas de l'Université Catholique du Chili (1967-1981)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H069.

Full text

Abstract:

Durant la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, le système universitaire chilien a connu trois importantes transformations successives : la Réforme universitaire commencée en 1967, l’intervention militaire des universités à partir de 1973 et la législation universitaire imposée entre la fin de 1980 et le début de 1981. Durant ces différents processus, l’expérience de l’Université Catholique du Chili a été à la fois particulière et caractéristique. Sa particularité est notable dans la manière avec laquelle chacune de ces transformations se sont déroulées en son sein. Elle montre, outre sa condition d’institution d’élite, catholique et pontificale, l’existence d’une grande variété d’acteurs, de motivations et de relations, dont les tensions se gèrent par des stratégies et des mécanismes caractéristiques de sa communauté universitaire. Mais elle est aussi emblématique car les rapports de force qui traversent les acteurs de l’Université Catholique reflètent bien la variété et la complexité des logiques et intérêts en jeu, qui se retrouvent dans les autres universités chiliennes
The Chilean university system experienced three important and successive transformations in the second half of the twentieth century: the university reform which began in 1967, the military intervention in universities starting in 1973 and the imposition of university legislation from late 1980 and early 1981. The experience of the Catholic University of Chile throughout these processes was as unusual as it was revealing. Unusual because the effect of each of these transformations on the university not only shed light on its position as an elite, catholic and pontifical institution, but also exposed a variety of actors, causes and relationships, and thetensions between them, which were managed through strategies and mechanisms characteristic of the university community. And revealing because the power relationships between the university’s own actors, compared with those of other institutions, painted a more complex and complete picture of the different ideas and interests at stake, whose influence was not restricted to the Catholic University of Chile, but extended to Chilean universities in general

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Previtero, Chiara. "Analisi energetica di un edificio residenziale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11572/.

Full text

Abstract:

Quadro legislativo europeo e nazionale e nuovi decreti della regione Emilia Romagna riguardanti le misure per il contenimento dei consumi energetici nell'edilizia. Analisi energetica di un edificio residenziale. Studio di alcuni interventi proposti al fine di incrementare le prestazioni energetiche dell'edificio, diminuendone le dispersioni verso l'ambiente esterno e/o migliorando il rendimento dell'impianto. Tali interventi sono volti alla riduzione dei consumi, sia economici sia di combustibile fossile, e al miglioramento delle condizioni di benessere termoigrometrico. Successiva analisi economica degli interventi, utilizzando come indici il VAN e il PBT e tenendo conto dell'Ecobonus. Relazione tra gli investimenti iniziali di cui necessitano tali interventi e la riduzione dell'indice di prestazione energetica ottenuta. Relazione tra gli investimenti iniziali necessari e i relativi valori di risparmio annuo monetario che si ottiene in seguito alla diminuzione di energia primaria e quindi di combustibile utilizzato per il riscaldamento e la produzione di acqua calda sanitaria. Confronto fra i vari interventi al fine di valutarne la convenienza.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Viljoen, Charmell S. "Secondary victimisation in the court procedures of rape cases : an analysis of four court cases." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53584.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Violence against women is a serious offence. Emotional and physical abuse can happen to our daughters, sisters and wives. Rape is a form of violence against women. It violates a woman's privacy, dignity and it makes her feel as if she has lost control. The criminal justice system is there to protect the citizens of a country and this protection should extend to women when they have been violated. The criminal justice system has different structures, for example the courts, medical services and police services. The staff of the criminal justice process do not have an inherent duty to care about rape survivors but they can be trained to treat survivors with consideration and sympathy to counteract the effects of the rape and secondary victimization experienced by rape survivors. It is important that there are guidelines for the staff of the criminal justice system to assist them in rape cases. This thesis explores whether women experience secondary victimisation during court proceedings. To assess whether it occurs, court transcripts were analysed with a focus placed on the background of the court case and the verdicts of the judges. Findings indicate that secondary victimisation do occur during court cases. Rape survivors feel as if they are on trial and not the rapist. Survivors furthermore believe that they will have to live with the label that they had been raped and humiliated. The thesis recommends that officials of the criminal justice process should receive extensive training, and looks at the Sexual Offences Court in Wynberg as an example of an improved system for rape survivors. It is recommended that the procedures of the Sexual Offences Court should be evaluated on a regular basis to address secondary victimisation problems that may persist. Communication is very important during the rape trial. The rape survivor has to be informed about her case and about the location of the rapist at all times.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Geweld teen vroue is 'n ernstige oortreding wat plaasvind in ons samelewing. Emosionele en fisiese geweld kan gebeur met ons dogters, vroue en susters. Hierdie vorm van geweld laat vroue voel asof hulle beheer verloor oor hulle lewens en dit het ook 'n impak op hul self respek en selfbeeld. Die Kriminele Sisteem van Suid Afrika is daar om die belange van sy inwoners te beskerm. Dit het verskillende afdelings byvoorbeeld, die mediese dienste, die polisie en die hof verrigtinge. Die lede van die Kriminele Sisteem werk met verskillende individue wat voel dat die hof die uitweg sal wees wat geregtigheid sal laat geskied. Die lede van die Kriminele Sisteem het nie 'n persoonlike verantwoordelikheid teenoor die verkragtings oorlewendes nie, maar hulle moet sensitiwiteit en empatie betoon teenoor die dames wat verkrag was. Die gedrag van die personeel speel 'n groot rol in terme van hoe die vrou wat verkrag was die aangeleentheid verwerk. Die fokus van die studie is om te kyk of vroue wel sekondêre viktimisering ervaar wanneer hulle besluit om voort te gaan met die hofsake. Hof transkripsies was gebruik om te kyk of vroue wel benadeel word. Daar was gekyk na die uitsprake van die regters sowel as die agtergrond van die hofsaak. Daar was bevind dat sekondêre viktimisering wel plaasvind gedurende die hof verrigtinge. Vroue voel asof hulle verantwoordelik is vir die verkragting wat met hulle gebeur het. Die verkragter word nie gesien as die persoon wat oortree het nie. Hierdie gevoelens van self blamering vorm deel van sekondêre viktimisering wat veroorsaak dat vroue sommige kere voel om nie verder te gaan met die hof saak nie. Die verskillende lede van die Kriminele Sisteem moet gedurig opleiding verkry wat hulle in staat sal stel om die gevoelens van die slagoffers in ag te neem. Die howe wat spesiaal opgerig is om verkragting sake te verhoor moet geevalueer word sodat dit 'n sukses kan wees. Kommunikasie moet bevorder word tussen die verskillende departemente en nie -regerings organisasies wat 'n rol speel gedurende die hof sake.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Marín, Gómez Isabel. "Asociacionismo, sociabilidad y movimientos sociales en el franquismo y la transición a la democracia. Murcia, 1964-1986." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10896.

Full text

Abstract:

El marco político español de la década de 1960 hubo de adaptarse a los nuevos valores y actitudes sociales que cambiaban más allá del contexto jurídico. La Ley de Asociaciones de 1964 creó un espacio legal, con las restricciones propias del franquismo, para una extraordinaria proliferación de viejas y nuevas formas de asociación. Una voluntad asociativa que generó espacios de sociabilidad, contribuyendo al mismo tiempo a la reconstrucción de la sociedad civil, sirviendo de base legal para la gestión de unos nuevos movimientos sociales que participaron en el proceso político de transición a la democracia en España.El estudio de las asociaciones civiles a lo largo del periodo comprendido entre 1964-1986, permite observar además la evolución de la sociedad española entre el franquismo y la consolidación democrática, con toda la serie de cambios que se producen en un país que en poco tiempo alcanzará las pautas globales del mundo occidental.
The political Spanish framework of the decade of 1960 had to adapt to the new values and social attitudes that were changing faster than the juridical context. The law of associations of 1964 created a legal space, with the own restrictions of the Franco's regime, for an extraordinary proliferation of old and new forms of association. An associative will that generated spaces of sociability, contributing at the same time to the reconstruction of the civil society, using as legal base for the management of new social movements that took part in the political process of the Spanish transition to democracy. The study of the civil associations along the period among 1964-1986 shows in addition the evolution of the Spanish society between the Franco's regime and the democratic consolidation, with the whole series of changes that are produced in a country that in a little time will reach the global guidelines of the Western World.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

BUDAŘOVÁ, Ludmila. "Domácí násilí a jeho řešení ve společnosti." Master's thesis, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80248.

Full text

Abstract:

This dissertation can be viewed as a domestic violence issue guide. Its theoretical part is structured into three sections. The first one clarifies the basic terms used in the domestic violence-related literature and acquaints readers with individual forms, reasons, consequences and the most often myths associated with the domestic violence. Since certain changes have occurred in the attitude towards the domestic violence lately, especially due to the legal system change, the second part makes reference to, among others, the changes the new legislation have brought. This section also features the international institutions and organizations protecting human rights. The third section of the dissertation focuses on the ways of how to solve domestic violence issue to help the victims, and on interdisciplinary cooperation among all units involved, as well as, on the importance of expert aid towards ravishers. The practical part is devoted to the research itself. The goal of the dissertation was to figure out to what extent both sexes are informed on the domestic violence issue and to map the needs of experts dealing with the domestic violence. To achieve the first goal of the thesis, the quantitative public research was conducted. As the data collection technique the questionnaire method was used. The qualitative research was performed to meet the second goal of the dissertation with semi-standardized interviews as the data collection technique. During this phase, the employees of intervention centres or other facilities giving assistance to the domestic violence victims were interviewed. The research findings including comments are included in the ``Results`` and ``Discussion`` chapters. The Annex to this thesis lists main organizations providing aid in the domestic violence events and includes the contact data of all Intervention Centres in the Czech Republic. Also included is the Safety Plan, designed for individuals endangered by the domestic violence. This dissertation can be of use not only for the people affected by the domestic violence, but also for employees working in organizations dealing with this issue, as well as, for other people who are not indifferent to this issue.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Alves, Mónica Pereira. "Tentativa de Instigação: a Urgência de uma Intervenção Legislativa?" Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/85789.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito: Especialidade em Ciências Juridico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
A tentativa de instigação ocorre quando alguém tenta determinar outrem ao cometimento de um facto ilícito-típico sem que, todavia, o potencial executor chegue a dar início à prática de actos de execução. Esta conduta não é punível à luz do actual Código Penal sendo, por isso, um comportamento jurídico-penalmente irrelevante. A questão que aqui se convoca é a seguinte: mas afinal não haverá casos em que certas e determinadas condutas ganham relevo jurídico-penal? Nomeadamente nas situações paradigmáticas do conhecido “pacto para matar” ou aliciamento do crime de homicídio? A abordagem que faremos, com apoio nas teorias da comparticipação e da tentativa, na doutrina e na jurisprudência que em Portugal vão brotando a propósito desta questão, visa reflectir sobre a censurabilidade social que sobre este concreto tipo de situações recai e a ausência de intervenção do direito penal nestas matérias pela qual nos insurgirmos através da necessidade de uma intervenção legislativa nesse sentido. (...)A tentativa de instigação ocorre quando alguém tenta determinar outrem ao cometimento de um facto ilícito-típico sem que, todavia, o potencial executor chegue a dar início à prática de actos de execução. Esta conduta não é punível à luz do actual Código Penal sendo, por isso, um comportamento jurídico-penalmente irrelevante. A questão que aqui se convoca é a seguinte: mas afinal não haverá casos em que certas e determinadas condutas ganham relevo jurídico-penal? Nomeadamente nas situações paradigmáticas do conhecido “pacto para matar” ou aliciamento do crime de homicídio? A abordagem que faremos, com apoio nas teorias da comparticipação e da tentativa, na doutrina e na jurisprudência que em Portugal vão brotando a propósito desta questão, visa reflectir sobre a censurabilidade social que sobre este concreto tipo de situações recai e a ausência de intervenção do direito penal nestas matérias pela qual nos insurgirmos através da necessidade de uma intervenção legislativa nesse sentido.
Attempted instigation occurs when someone tries to appoint another of comitting a typical illict fact without, however, the potential executor having initiated the practice of actions of execution. This conduct isn’t punishable according to the current Penal Code, therefore it is a punitively irrelevant judicial behavior. The question that arises is the following: but after all, are there no cases where certain conducts should be judicially and punitorily taken into consideration? Namely the paradigmatic situations such as the famous “murder pact” or allurement of homicide? The approach we will take, supported by the theories of collective participation and attempt, in doctrine and case law that are sprouting in regards to this question, aims to reflect about the social reprehensibility that falls upon this specific type of situations and the absence of intervention of criminal law in these matters over which we revolt through the necessity of a legislative intervention in that sense.(...)Attempted instigation occurs when someone tries to appoint another of comitting a typical illict fact without, however, the potential executor having initiated the practice of actions of execution. This conduct isn’t punishable according to the current Penal Code, therefore it is a punitively irrelevant judicial behavior. The question that arises is the following: but after all, are there no cases where certain conducts should be judicially and punitorily taken into consideration? Namely the paradigmatic situations such as the famous “murder pact” or allurement of homicide? The approach we will take, supported by the theories of collective participation and attempt, in doctrine and case law that are sprouting in regards to this question, aims to reflect about the social reprehensibility that falls upon this specific type of situations and the absence of intervention of criminal law in these matters over which we revolt through the necessity of a legislative intervention in that sense.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Lopes, Ana Carolina dos Reis Luro Pessoa. "A Prostituição no Ordenamento Jurídico Português da perspetiva da subsidiariedade da intervenção penal." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94712.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito
Ao longo dos anos, a prostituição tem sofrido alterações tanto a nível jurídico, como a nível da perceção social, causando sempre inúmeras polémicas entre diversas vozes discordantes. Por essa razão, iniciámos o nosso estudo fazendo uma referência à evolução histórica do conceito de prostituição a nível mundial, passando posteriormente a uma análise interna, distinguindo quatro grandes períodos que correspondem a modelos político-legislativos distintos. Atualmente, vigora entre nós o modelo abolicionista, não existindo qualquer tipo de regulação da atividade, o que leva a uma maior vulnerabilidade dos trabalhadores do sexo.De seguida, uma vez que o proxenetismo é a única atividade intimamente relacionada com a prostituição que se encontra criminalizada no Código Penal, fizemos uma análise da evolução do conceito de lenocínio e abordámos a polémica questão da inconstitucionalidade do artigo 169º/1 do Código Penal, mais concretamente, a questão da (in)existência do bem jurídico protegido após a supressão do elemento “explorando situações de abandono ou necessidade económica”, sendo necessária uma alteração legislativa – a descriminalização do lenocínio simples consagrado no nº1 do preceito mencionado, apenas mantendo intacta a sua forma agravada (nº2).Posteriormente, fizemos referência aos diversos modelos político-legislativos existentes, apontando as principais vantagens e desvantagens de cada um. De forma a conseguirmos avaliar os resultados práticos da implementação de cada modelo, avaliámos em concreto vários países, com o objetivo de selecionarmos o que melhor satisfaz os interesses em jogo nesta matéria. Desta análise, concluímos que o modelo que vigora na Nova Zelândia é o que melhor promove o bem-estar dos trabalhadores do sexo, centrando-se na segurança e saúde destes e criando condições de trabalho favoráveis. Tem como objetivo a desestigmatização da atividade, o fim da clandestinidade, da violência e da marginalização dos trabalhadores do sexo.Concluímos, por fim, que, apesar deste modelo ser um bom ponto de partida, a nossa sociedade ainda está longe de atingir um nível de maturidade suficiente para que consigamos obter os resultados pretendidos. Antes de ser dado o passo da regulação da prostituição, é necessário educar a sociedade, promover a educação sexual e a defesa dos direitos sexuais. Se rumarmos no sentido de prevenir (através de meios de tutela de controlo social), para que não seja necessário remediar (através de soluções punitivas), o Direito Penal não terá de intervir e, desta forma, estaremos a cumprir o postulado no artigo 18º/2 da Constituição da República Portuguesa.
Over the years prostitution has seen changes at both the social and the legal level, making it a controversial issue with many disagreeing points of view on both sides. For this reason, we have decided to start our project by reviewing the worldwide historical evolution of the concept of prostitution followed by an internal analysis distinguishing four main periods which correspond to different political and legislative models. Presently, the current legislation is based on an abolitionist model, in which there is a total absence of regulation of the activity leading to a greater vulnerability of sex workers. As pimping is the only activity closely related to prostitution which is criminalized according to the Portuguese Penal Code (Código Penal) we studied the evolution of the concept of incitement to prostitution by addressing the controversial topic of the unconstitutionality of Código Penal’s, article 169º/1. More precisely, we addressed the issue of the inexistence of the legally protected good due to the suppression of the element “exploring the situation of abandonment or necessity”, making a change of legislation necessary - the decriminalization of non-violent, non-threatening procuring consecrated on the previous element (nº1), only criminalizing the violent and threatening type (nº2).Subsequently, we talked about the different current political and legislative models, highlighting their main advantages and disadvantages. In order to evaluate the practical results of the implementation of each model, we considered different countries aiming to select the most appropriate example regarding the variables in question. From this analysis, we concluded that the model established in New Zealand is the one that better promotes the well-being of sex workers, by focusing on their safety and health and, therefore, creating favorable work conditions. This model aims to de-stigmatize the activity, end clandestinity, and stop the violence and marginalization endured by sex workers. We concluded that even though this model could be considered a reasonable starting point, our society is still far from achieving a sufficiently high level of maturity to reach the intended results. Before taking a step towards prostitution’s regulation it is necessary to educate society, promote sexual education and advocate for sexual rights. If we act towards prevention (through social controls) so it is not necessary to correct (through punitive solutions), Penal Law will not have to intervene and we will therefore be acting according to what is stated in the Portuguese Constitution, article 18º/2.
Outro - Bolsa do Ensino Superior - DGES

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Mnisi, Eric. "The crime of obstructing the course of justice : is legislative intervention an imperative?" Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3066.

Full text

Abstract:

In this thesis, the common law crime of obstructing or defeating the course of justice as currently applied in South African law, is considered critically. The purpose of the study is to determine whether the ambit of the crime should be extended to target all conduct which undermines the proper administration of justice in South Africa. The interests protected by the crime are investigated, and those important constitutional values which underpin the crime, are identified. These values are: (i) constitutional supremacy (ii) the rule of law (iii) the doctrine of separation of powers, and (iv) the independence of the courts. In a post-constitutional era, the question raised is whether the crime as developed in the common law adequately protects these important democratic values. The historical background and development of the offence are discussed. This is followed by a comparative legal study which considers the existence and ambit of the offence in certain foreign jurisdictions. The foreign legal systems considered are England, Australia, Canada and the United States of America. The study reveals that the crime has been codified in most of these jurisdictions. Codification was driven by the need for legal certainty and compliance with constitutional imperatives. The study concludes that similar reform is necessary in South African criminal law. It is recommended that the common law offence of obstructing or defeating the course of justice be repealed and replaced with a comprehensive statutory offence which criminalises all manifestations of conduct which are intended to defeat or obstruct the proper administration of justice. The proposals are based upon the identified constitutional imperatives which underpin the crime. It is argued that the legislature is the proper institution to initiate reform in this regard. Detailed recommendations are made, which include draft legislation.
Law
LL.D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Cardoso, Fernando Martins. "Consumo de drogas ilícitas : crime ou contra-ordenação? : reflexão para uma intervenção legislativa." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11067/2846.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito, área Jurídico-Criminais.
Exame público realizado em 15 de Fevereiro de 2013 pelas 15h30.
O objectivo deste trabalho é reflectir sobre o actual regime jurídico do consumo de drogas ilícitas. Tal como o título deixa antever, neste momento, ninguém saberá ao certo em que regime se enquadrará o consumo de drogas, se no regime de mera ordenação social, se no âmbito criminal. Caso se entenda que é em ambos onde fixar a fronteira? Portugal, através da Resolução do Conselho de Ministros n.° 46/99, de 26 de Maio, que aprovou a Estratégia Nacional de Luta Contra a Droga, deu um passo em direcção à descriminalização que foi concretizada com a Lei n.° 30/2000, de 29 de Novembro. Esta lei define o regime jurídico aplicável ao consumo de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas, bem como a protecção sanitária das pessoas que consomem tais substâncias. Sucede, que no seu artigo 28? revogou expressamente o artigo 40? do Decreto-Lei n.° 15193, de 22 de Janeiro, excepto quanto ao cultivo, que até então criminalizava o consumo, prevendo molduras diferentes para quem detivesse quantidades até 3 dias ou mais. Significa que com a entrada em vigor da Lei n.° 30/200, o consumo, a aquisição e a detenção para consumo próprio de estupefacientes em quantidade média individual suficiente para o período de 10 dias, passou a constituir contra-ordenação. Contudo não refere expressamente como delimitar tal fronteira, pois em lado algum atende aos limites quantitativos máximos fixados pela Portaria n.° 94/96, de 26 de Março, que não será de aplicação automática. Assim, aparentemente ficou-se sem saber como punir o arguido encontrado com quantidades superiores ao consumo médio de 10 dias. Desde logo, tanto na doutrina como na jurisprudência, se desenharam, posições diferentes. Para uns, tal conduta deixou de ser punível a qualquer título. Para outros é crime de tráfico de menor gravidade. Outros defendem que constitui contra-ordenação independentemente da quantidade. Outros ainda, defendem que continua a ser crime, previsto no já revogado, artigo 40.° n.° 2 do Decreto- Lei n.° 15/93. Tal querela fez com que o Supremo Tribunal de Justiça, se pronunciasse através do Acórdão de Fixação de Jurisprudência n.° 8/2008, de 25 de Junho. Este tribunal superior acolheu a posição da continuidade da punição a título criminal, “ressuscitando” o referido artigo 40.°, mas não trouxe a paz jurídica que se almejava, havendo muitas críticas em todos os quadrantes àquela posição.
The purpose of this paper isto reflect on the current legal regime of iilicit drug use. As indicated by the title itself, at present nobody knows for sure in what framework does the consumption of drugs fit into: whether under the regimen of a mere regulatory ordinance, or under the criminal scope. lf one understands that it fits under both, then the question is where to set the boundary? Portugal, by resolution of the Council of Ministers n.° 46/99 of 26 May, which approved the National Strategy for Combating Drugs, took a step towards decriminalization, which was fulfilled under Law n.° 30/2000 of 29 November. The latter defines the legal regimen applicable to the use of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, as well as to the protection of the health of people who consume such substances. It happens that in Article 28 it expressly revoked Article 40 of Decree-Law n.° 15/93 of 22 january, except as far as cultivation, which until then criminalized consumption, providing different frames for those who held amounts for up te 3 days or more. It means that with the entry into force of Law n.° 30/200, consumption, acquisition and possession of drugs for personal consumption in individual average amount sufficient for 10 days, came to constitute an administrative offense. However, it does not expressly state how such boundary should be defíned, because nowhere does it refer the maximum quantitative limits set by Ordinance n.° 94/96 of 26 March, which will not be automatically applicable. Se, apparently it is not known how te punish an indicted found with quantities above the average consumption of 10 days. First of all, both in the doctrine and in the jurisprudence, different positions were outlined. For some, such conduct is no longer punishable under any title. For others, it is a minor trafficking crime. Others argue that it is an administrative offense, regardless of the amount. Still others have argued that it still is a crime, provided for under the already revoked Article 40 no. 2 of Decree-Law no. 15/93. This dispute led the Supreme Court of Justice te express itself under the Ruling for Establishing Jurisprudence n.° 8/2008 of 25 June. This high court upheld the position of the continuity of punishment under criminal law, “resurrecting” the said Article 40, but it dd not bring the legal peace everyone craved for, while there is also much criticism from all sides to that position.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Foss, KA. "“The Screams aren’t going to be heard” : restrictive intervention legislation in Tasmania." Thesis, 2016. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/23003/1/Foss_whole_thesis.pdf.

Full text

Abstract:

People living with disability worldwide are still subjected to the use of restrictive interventions. This is in spite of overwhelming evidence regarding the risks of the use of those interventions coupled with an increased rights based approach when supporting people living with disability. Increasingly around the world, policy and legislation is being implemented with the aim of reducing the rates of restrictive intervention in this population. On 1st January 2012 such legislation (Disability Services Act 2011 (TAS)) was proclaimed in Tasmania. Drawing on the views of differing members of the Tasmanian disability sector, this thesis sought to determine the success of the implementation of the aspects of the legislation relating to the regulation of restrictive interventions, any perceived barriers to this implementation, and how these might be overcome. I utilised an exploratory research methodology, which included a mixed method of focus groups, interviews and surveys with organisational management, support workers, clinical workers, families and advocates. I conducted a thematic analysis of the data and comparison of results indicated that there are several barriers to the implementation of such legislation in Tasmania. I compared this data with data available regarding the implementation of similar legislation in other jurisdictions. I found that restrictive interventions are still used within the Tasmanian disability sector. The reasons for this are several-fold. Workers within the sector do not have the skills and training to be able to comply with the legislative requirement to reduce the amount of restrictive interventions used in services. In addition, the attitudes and cultures existing within the sector are not conducive to a reduction in the use of these interventions. The results also revealed that systems of governance are not sufficient to enforce this legislation. This study provides evidence of the need for cultural change to be addressed, alongside and irrespective of the implementation of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). This should include the culture of the support staff, leaders and managers of organisations, board members, as well as clinicians. It is further recommended that a greater emphasis is given to systems of governance, both departmental and organisational. For example, the department should develop a process for penalising non-compliance, and organisational boards should expect greater accountability and reporting around the use of restrictive interventions. This thesis indicates a strong need for additional skill development and training in the areas of positive behaviour support and alternatives to the use of restrictive interventions. Again, this training needs to be directed to organisation and clinical staff. A final recommendation is made in light of the current findings, which is that the Act is operationalised further so that all are definitions, philosophies and roles are clear to all stakeholders. This thesis provides a platform for considering the national approach to the regulation and monitoring of restrictive interventions in the Tasmanian context, which will be implemented as a result of the introduction of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Jirků, Olga. "Proces přijímání zákona o dětské skupině: Případová studie intervence aktérů." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-348066.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis deals with an implementation of a new public policy tool - child care in the children's group - particularly it examines its origin, evolution and the reasons for its implementation. As the "Children's Group Act" became a new form of the childcare (in the Czech Republic), my participation in the legislation process of the bill adoption served as a motivation for the topic selection of this thesis. The opening part introduces the topic, specifically it studies the past and the present childcare system within the current area of the Czech Republic. Further it acquaints us with tools and remedies allowing for a greater harmonization of a family and work life of parents of infants. In other words, there are discussed theoretical concepts of a private work life harmonization of parents and concepts of equal opportunities of women and men. Moreover, the thesis introduces participants who were entering the negotiation and the adoption processes of the bill in question, either directly or indirectly. The aim of the thesis is to present a case study that would characterize both, the adoption process of the bill and the participants' determination of the final form of the act.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

HUNTER, Anna-Marie. "Harassment in the workplace : the case for Community intervention." Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5531.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

VOUSDEN, Stephen. "Market dignity : EC intervention in social exclusion." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6352.

Full text

Abstract:

Examining board: Prof. Freedland, University of Oxford ; Prof. van der Heijden, University of Amsterdam ; Prof. Joerges, EUI ; Prof. Sciarra, EUI
Defence date: 30 November 2002
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

MONTERO-PASCUAL, Juan J. "Public intervention in liberalised markets : from regulation to competition in European Telecoms?" Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4714.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

HÁJEK, Jiří. "Ochrana obyvatelstva při mimořádných událostech v domácnostech." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-80125.

Full text

Abstract:

The graduation theses gives the general information about people´s protection in extraordinary situations at home, where the offender is a member of the family. It aims at police strategy by protection the victim of some crime. The key role in the system belongs to the Police of the Czech Republic, who is in most cases the first one who meet the victim and the offender and who has authority to control and to stop the social unacceptable behaving. Part of the graduated theses is to explain what is dangerous persecution-stalking. Also the kinds and victims of dangerous persecution, assessing og dangerousness. The problem of a victim is a very important part which was neclegted in the past. Also the fact that a deep knowledge in this problems is very important for the Police is written in my theses. Next part of my theses is explanation of victimology and characterization of the key word ?victim?. The role of the intervention center and their cooperation with the Police of the Czech Republic by protecting the victim and solving the extraordinary situations at home. The protecting the victim can be done uder the low § 50 NO.273/2008 about Police of the Czech republic and because of that there is methodology of police´s procedure by giving the protection to person who need it in my theses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

"The responsibility of international organisations for non-fulfilment of their mandate in humanitarian crises." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14174.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Withers, Maree. "Is guardianship a successful intervention for people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder?" Thesis, 2011. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/16052/.

Full text

Abstract:

Understanding and treating individuals who have a combination of borderline personality disorders, self-injurious behaviours and sometimes suicidality, presents one of the most confusing and problematic challenges to mental health professionals. While the use of mental health legislation for this group is considered unusual, guardianship legislation in Australia is sometimes additionally utilised. To date, there has been no examination of the effectiveness of guardianship for people with borderline personality disorder in the Victorian context. This study aims to examine the role of guardianship for this population by assessing the contributing factors that led to the appointment of a guardian including the mental health responses prior to a guardianship application being made, subsequent service responses provided and finally to enhance current knowledge by determining whether guardianship is an effective intervention. This research has two phases. Phase one assessed guardianship as an intervention by the examination of case materials held by the Office of the Public Advocate. In phase two some participants from phase one were interviewed to elicit their experience of such an intervention. Findings indicated that the combination of high level self-injurious behaviours and refusal of treatment led to the appointment of a guardian. Service and system responses were quite diverse for this cohort, particularly regarding the ongoing provision of case management. Empathic responses were often not forthcoming from health professionals. Combined results indicated that advocacy rather than guardianship was more beneficial. Recommendations to improve the legal and healthcare framework are suggested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Mafa, Mmapau Justin. "Critical analysis of the law regulating state intervention in the mineral sector and nationalisation of South African mines." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3313.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (LLM. (Development and Management Law)) -- University of Limpopo, 2013
This mini-dissertation relates to the mode of ownership of the country’s natural, mineral and petroleum resources, their contribution to the economy, the Growth Domestic Income and the overall role played by these resources to better the lives of the ordinary citizens and their impact on the socio economic circumstances in general. In terms of the previous mining legislation in South Africa, mineral rights were held privately and in some instances by the state. Following the 1994 democratic breakthrough, the Mineral and Petroleum resources Development Act now vests the ownership of mineral rights in the state as the custodian and owner on behalf of the people of South Africa and the mineral resources are the common heritage of the people. The vesting of the mineral rights does not however interfere with the right to private ownership of property which is expressly guaranteed by the property clause in the constitution. The new Mining legislative regime with specific and particular reference to the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act and National Environmental Management Act are precisely paced to ensure optimal exploitation of natural resources while promoting sustainable development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Turiel, Ana Merícia Pires. "A influência da psicologia no discurso do sentenciador: severidade "punitiva"e psicologização na justiça de menores." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/1864.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientação: Carlos Alberto Poiares
A presente dissertação, integrada no Mestrado de Psicologia Forense e da Exclusão Social, da Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, tem dois objectivos fundamentais: a análise da severidade das medidas tutelar educativas, na Justiça de Menores em Portugal e, avaliar o contributo do saber da Psicologia, no momento da decisão e escolha dessas mesmas medidas, pelo aplicador da lei. Para isso, foram analisados 58 Processos Tutelares Educativos, presentes no Tribunal de Família e Menores de Lisboa, e 11 arquivados na Direcção Geral de Reinserção Social, incidindo a análise, sobretudo, no tipo de medidas aplicadas, o género de crimes cometidos, e a referência a avaliações psicológicas ou perícias sobre a personalidade, como fundamento da decisão. Estes processos são analisados à luz de um instrumento de medida da aplicação de medidas tutelares em jovens, com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 16 anos: o Índice de Severidade Penalizadora e Psicologização no âmbito da transgressionalidade e delinquência juvenil (Criminalização Secundária – IPSS-CS-TDJ), de 2011. Os resultados evidenciam índices médios de severidade punitiva e de psicologização. Este estudo, dado o seu carácter pioneiro, representa, uma tentativa de abordagem empírica do problema. Para futuras investigações propõe-se a aplicação do instrumento a processos judiciais de outras regiões do país. ABSTRACT: The present thesis, integrated into Forensic Psychology and Social Exclusion Masters Degree, of Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies, has two fundamental objectives: an analysis of the tutelary educative measures severity, in juvenile justice system, in Portugal, and evaluate the contribution of the knowledge of psychology, at the moment of decision and choice of those measures, by judge. For this, were analyse 58 tutelary educative processes, belonging to the Family and Juvenile Court of Lisbon, and 11 archived in General Direction of Social Reintegration, focusing, mainly, on the type of measures applied, kind of crimes, and reference to psychological evaluations or personality investigation, as foundation of judicial decision. These processes are analysed based on an instrument to measure the application of punitive measure to young people: Punishment Severity Index and Psychologisation in the framework of Infringement and Juvenile Delinquency (ISPP-CSTDJ), 2011. The results show an average level of punishment severity and psychologisation. This study, represents a pioneer empirically approach to the problem. In order to future investigations is proposed apply the instrument to processes from other regions of the country.
The present thesis, integrated into Forensic Psychology and Social Exclusion Masters Degree, of Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies, has two fundamental objectives: an analysis of the tutelary educative measures severity, in juvenile justice system, in Portugal, and evaluate the contribution of the knowledge of psychology, at the moment of decision and choice of those measures, by judge. For this, were analyse 58 tutelary educative processes, belonging to the Family and Juvenile Court of Lisbon, and 11 archived in General Direction of Social Reintegration, focusing, mainly, on the type of measures applied, kind of crimes, and reference to psychological evaluations or personality investigation, as foundation of judicial decision. These processes are analysed based on an instrument to measure the application of punitive measure to young people: Punishment Severity Index and Psychologisation in the framework of Infringement and Juvenile Delinquency (ISPP-CSTDJ), 2011. The results show an average level of punishment severity and psychologisation. This study, represents a pioneer empirically approach to the problem. In order to future investigations is proposed apply the instrument to processes from other regions of the country.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Costa, Fátima Cristina Fontes da. "A Questão da Adjudicação ao Banco Exequente do Imóvel Hipotecado Por Um Valor Inferior ao da Dívida Exequenda Em Virtude do Incumprimento do Contrato de Mútuo Para Aquisição de Habitação : Um Problema a Carecer de Intervenção Legislativa Urgente." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/28243.

Full text

Abstract:

Dissertação Apresentada à Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Coimbra no Âmbito do 2.º Ciclo de Estudos em Direito ,na Área de Especialização em Ciências Jurídico-Civilísticas, Menção em Direito Civil

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Bonander, Carl. "Utvärdering av den svenska cykelhjälmslagen för barn under 15 år : Analys av nationella trender i cykelrelaterade huvudskador mellan 1998-2011." Thesis, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-29371.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: In January 2005, a nationwide mandatory bicycle helmet law for children under the age of 15 was introduced in Sweden. In the current study, the effect of this law was evaluated by analyzing national trends in hospital admissions due to bicycle-related head injuries during the period 1998-2011. Methods: An interrupted time-series design with segmented regression analysis was used to evaluate the intervention effect on head injuries as a percentage of all injuries (%HI) among cyclists in age- and sex-specific groups. Effect was measured as a change in level and/or slope of the trend at the time of legislation. Results: A total of 35261 cyclists (0-54 years) were hospitalized due to a bicycle injury during the study period. Linear regression analyses of the entire study period (not segmented) showed significant year-to-year decreases in the %HI of 1.3-1.7% in all age and sex-specific groups (p < .0001). Results from the segmented regression analysis showed that, at the time of legislation, a significant drop in level occurred among males under 15 years (-4.5% [95% CI: -7.7% to -1.3%], p = .01) and a significant change in slope occurred among females aged 30-54 years (-1.6% [95% CI: -2.9% to -0.2%], p = .025). Conclusions: The law seems to have had an effect on males in the target population (<15 years). Although no significant changes were observed among females in this group as an immediate result of the law, the difference in %HI between genders was minimal at the end of the study period due to the steeper general decline among females.
Inledning: I Sverige infördes en cykelhjälmslag för barn under 15 år den första januari 2005. Syftet med denna studie var att studera effekten av denna lag genom att analysera nationella trender i andelen huvudskador bland svenska cyklister under tidsperioden 1998-2011. Metod: Segmenterad regressionsanalys applicerades på tidsseriedata (interrupted time-series design) för att utvärdera om ett trendbrott när det gäller andelen cykelrelaterade huvudskador sammanföll med lagens införande i olika köns- och åldersspecifika grupper. Effekt mättes som en skillnad i regressionslinjens riktning och nivå. Resultat: Inom åldersgruppen 0-54 år vårdades totalt 35261 cyklister under studieperioden. Linjära regressionsanalyser (ej segmenterade) visade att mellan 1998-2011 minskade andelen huvudskador årligen minskade med 1,3–1,7 % i samtliga studerade köns- och åldersspecifika grupper. Den segmenterade regressionsanalysen visade att samtidigt som cykelhjälmslagen infördes skedde en signifikant skillnad i regressionslinjens nivå bland pojkar under 15 år (-4,5 % [95 % CI: -7,7 % till -1,3 %], p = 0,01) och en signifikant skillnad i regressionslinjens riktning bland kvinnor i åldersgruppen 30-54 år (-1,6 % [95 % CI: -2,9 % till -0,2 %], p = 0,025). Slutsats: Den svenska cykelhjälmslagen verkar ha haft en betydande inverkan på trenden i cykelrelaterade huvudskador bland pojkar under 15 år. Även om något liknande fenomen inte framstod bland flickor i interventionsgruppen bör det noteras att skillnaden i andelen huvudskador mellan könen i slutet av studieperioden var minimal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Intervento legislativo'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles