Journal articles on the topic 'Interventions'
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Di Lauro, Francesco, István Z. Kiss, and Joel C. Miller. "Optimal timing of one-shot interventions for epidemic control." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): e1008763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008763.
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The interventions and outcomes in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are highly varied. The disease and the interventions both impose costs and harm on society. Some interventions with particularly high costs may only be implemented briefly. The design of optimal policy requires consideration of many intervention scenarios. In this paper we investigate the optimal timing of interventions that are not sustainable for a long period. Specifically, we look at at the impact of a single short-term non-repeated intervention (a “one-shot intervention”) on an epidemic and consider the impact of the intervention’s timing. To minimize the total number infected, the intervention should start close to the peak so that there is minimal rebound once the intervention is stopped. To minimise the peak prevalence, it should start earlier, leading to initial reduction and then having a rebound to the same prevalence as the pre-intervention peak rather than one very large peak. To delay infections as much as possible (as might be appropriate if we expect improved interventions or treatments to be developed), earlier interventions have clear benefit. In populations with distinct subgroups, synchronized interventions are less effective than targeting the interventions in each subcommunity separately.
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Baker, Elise, A. Lynn Williams, Sharynne McLeod, and Rebecca McCauley. "Elements of Phonological Interventions for Children With Speech Sound Disorders: The Development of a Taxonomy." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 27, no. 3 (August 6, 2018): 906–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0127.
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Purpose Our aim was to develop a taxonomy of elements comprising phonological interventions for children with speech sound disorders. Method We conducted a content analysis of 15 empirically supported phonological interventions to identify and describe intervention elements. Measures of element concentration, flexibility, and distinctiveness were used to compare and contrast interventions. Results Seventy-two intervention elements were identified using a content analysis of intervention descriptions then arranged to form the Phonological Intervention Taxonomy: a hierarchical framework comprising 4 domains, 15 categories, and 9 subcategories. Across interventions, mean element concentration (number of required or optional elements) was 45, with a range of 27 to 59 elements. Mean flexibility of interventions (percentage of elements considered optional out of all elements included in the intervention) was 44%, with a range of 29% to 62%. Distinctiveness of interventions (percentage of an intervention's rare elements and omitted common elements out of all elements included in the intervention [both optional and required]) ranged from 0% to 30%. Conclusions An understanding of the elements that comprise interventions and a taxonomy that describes their structural relationships can provide insight into similarities and differences between interventions, help in the identification of elements that drive treatment effects, and facilitate faithful implementation or intervention modification. Research is needed to distil active elements and identify strategies that best facilitate replication and implementation.
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Kandasamy, Devasenathipathy, Shivanand Gamanagatti, and Arun Kumar Gupta. "Pediatric Interventional Radiology: Vascular Interventions." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 83, no. 7 (March 11, 2016): 702–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-016-2055-9.
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Sidani, Souraya, Mary Fox, and Maher M. El-Masri. "Guidance for the Reporting of an Intervention's Theory." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 34, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.34.1.35.
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BackgroundInterventions in clinical trials should be clearly and completely described to inform their evaluation in replication studies and implementation in clinical practice. Guidelines were developed to standardize the reporting of interventions, but failed to provide guidance on reporting of the theory of interventions. Further, space constraints imposed by many research journals often limit the comprehensive description of both the theoretical and operational aspects of interventions.PurposeTo address these gaps, we propose that the theory of interventions be published in separate conceptual papers that would provide an in-depth description of the health problem targeted by an intervention, the components comprising an intervention, the causal mechanism responsible for an intervention's impact on the outcomes, and the conditions necessary for the proper implementation and the effectiveness of an intervention.ImplicationsSuch papers would assist in the critical appraisal of the adequacy, implementation, and evaluation of interventions. A description of the theory of interventions clarifies to health professionals what the interventions are about, who is likely to benefit from the interventions, how the interventions work and under what context.
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Paradela-López, Miguel, and Alexandra Jima-González. "Michael Walzer’s Humanitarian Intervention Theory Applied to Multisided Conflicts: A Discussion of Intervention and Self-Determination in the Syrian Civil War." Social Sciences 9, no. 4 (April 3, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9040041.
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Humanitarian interventions have often been employed to promote the intervener’s political and economic interests. Given the issues around intervention’s morality, this article explores Michael Walzer’s humanitarian intervention theory in order to unravel the practical difficulties of legitimating humanitarian interventions in multisided conflicts. After exploring Walzer’s arguments as they relate to unilateral and multilateral interventions, this article explains why, according to the self-determination principle, intervening countries must share the victim’s cause. Later, the article uses the Syrian Civil War to exemplify the conundrum of crafting a legitimate humanitarian intervention in multisided conflicts where the victims are internally divided and have opposing political, economic, and/or religious views. This case study evidences how, in such contexts, humanitarian interventions simultaneously protect the population and promote the group that best represents the intervening state’s interests, thus turning internal conflicts into foreign proxy wars. Finally, the article argues that, despite Walzer’s proposal for a consistent theory of unilateral and multilateral humanitarian interventions, unilateral interventions should be replaced in multisided conflicts by multilateral interventions able to halt atrocities and provide a stable solution for internal conflicts.
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Kandasamy, Devasenathipathy, Shivanand Gamanagatti, and Arun Kumar Gupta. "Pediatric Interventional Radiology: Non-Vascular Interventions." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 83, no. 7 (January 14, 2016): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-015-1987-9.
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van Woudenberg, Thabo J., Bojan Simoski, Eric Fernandes de Mello Araújo, Kirsten E. Bevelander, William J. Burk, Crystal R. Smit, Laura Buijs, Michel Klein, and Moniek Buijzen. "Identifying Influence Agents That Promote Physical Activity Through the Simulation of Social Network Interventions: Agent-Based Modeling Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 8 (August 5, 2019): e12914. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12914.
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Background Social network interventions targeted at children and adolescents can have a substantial effect on their health behaviors, including physical activity. However, designing successful social network interventions is a considerable research challenge. In this study, we rely on social network analysis and agent-based simulations to better understand and capitalize on the complex interplay of social networks and health behaviors. More specifically, we investigate criteria for selecting influence agents that can be expected to produce the most successful social network health interventions. Objective The aim of this study was to test which selection criterion to determine influence agents in a social network intervention resulted in the biggest increase in physical activity in the social network. To test the differences among the selection criteria, a computational model was used to simulate different social network interventions and observe the intervention’s effect on the physical activity of primary and secondary school children within their school classes. As a next step, this study relied on the outcomes of the simulated interventions to investigate whether social network interventions are more effective in some classes than others based on network characteristics. Methods We used a previously validated agent-based model to understand how physical activity spreads in social networks and who was influencing the spread of behavior. From the observed data of 460 participants collected in 26 school classes, we simulated multiple social network interventions with different selection criteria for the influence agents (ie, in-degree centrality, betweenness centrality, closeness centrality, and random influence agents) and a control condition (ie, no intervention). Subsequently, we investigated whether the detected variation of an intervention’s success within school classes could be explained by structural characteristics of the social networks (ie, network density and network centralization). Results The 1-year simulations showed that social network interventions were more effective compared with the control condition (beta=.30; t100=3.23; P=.001). In addition, the social network interventions that used a measure of centrality to select influence agents outperformed the random influence agent intervention (beta=.46; t100=3.86; P<.001). Also, the closeness centrality condition outperformed the betweenness centrality condition (beta=.59; t100=2.02; P=.046). The anticipated interaction effects of the network characteristics were not observed. Conclusions Social network intervention can be considered as a viable and promising intervention method to promote physical activity. We demonstrated the usefulness of applying social network analysis and agent-based modeling as part of the social network interventions’ design process. We emphasize the importance of selecting the most successful influence agents and provide a better understanding of the role of network characteristics on the effectiveness of social network interventions.
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Čož, Sinja, and Tanja Kamin. "Systematic Literature Review of Interventions for Promoting Postmortem Organ Donation From Social Marketing Perspective." Progress in Transplantation 30, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526924820913509.
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Introduction: This systematic review examines the factors that make some interventions promoting postmortem organ donation more successful and more likely to change behaviors than others. We analyzed the effectiveness of different types of interventions for promoting postmortem organ donation against the criteria identified by previous research in other health-related areas as the most important for designing effective behavior change programs. We observed a correlation between the use of social marketing benchmarks and the reported success of intervention goals. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of all articles describing interventions promoting postmortem organ donation published in scientific journals between January 2008 and November 2018. We analyzed these articles against the 7 social marketing benchmark criteria using a coding questioner. Findings: The analysis revealed a correlation between the use of social marketing benchmark criteria in an intervention’s design and the success of the intervention. Interventions that employed 6 or 7 criteria reported successful achievement of all intervention objectives. We observed a decrease in success rates when fewer than 6 social marketing benchmark criteria were included in the intervention design. Discussion: The findings suggest that a social marketing approach may prove useful to efforts to promote postmortem organ donation. More social marketing benchmark criteria should be included in the design and implementation of interventions promoting postmortem organ donation.
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Jutkowitz, Eric, Fernando Alarid-Escudero, Peter Shewmaker, Joseph Gaugler, and Laura Pizzi. "The Cost-Effectiveness of Non-Drug Interventions That Reduce Nursing Home Admissions for People With Dementia." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.877.
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Abstract Although people generally want to age in their community, individuals living with dementia are likely to move to a nursing home. In randomized trials, psychosocial interventions reduce the risk of people living with dementia transitioning to a nursing home, but the cost-effectiveness of these interventions is unknown. We used an evidence-based mathematical model to simulate a place of residence (community or nursing home) for people living with dementia. Our model also predicts time caregiving, health care costs, and quality of life. We modeled the reduction in nursing home rate (i.e., hazard ratio (HR) treatment effect) identified from two trials of non-drug interventions for people living with dementia and their caregiver. Using trial data, we account for the disease stage of when interventions are implemented. Specifically, we modeled MIND (HR: 0.63; 18-month effect), an in-home intervention for people with mild-moderate dementia, and the NYU Caregiver Intervention (HR: 0.53; 42-month effect), which is for people with moderate dementia. We evaluated each intervention’s cost-effectiveness relative to usual care for the duration of the intervention from a societal perspective. The MIND and NYU Caregiver Intervention resulted in $23,900, and $6,600 costs savings relative to usual care, respectively. The model predicted an improvement in the quality of life for people living with dementia for both interventions. The largest cost saving was attributed to reductions in family nursing home spending. Medicare and Medicaid received modest cost savings but are likely to be tasked with paying for these interventions.
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Tomkovich, Kenneth R. "Breast Interventions: A Primer for Interventional Radiologists." Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology 9, no. 1 (March 2006): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.tvir.2006.08.007.
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Garza-Berlanga, Andres, and Jorge Lopera. "Interventional Radiology: Interventions and Techniques in Trauma." Current Trauma Reports 2, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40719-016-0056-9.
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Kroon, Daniëlle, Nina F. Steutel, Hester Vermeulen, Merit M. Tabbers, Marc A. Benninga, Miranda W. Langendam, and Simone A. van Dulmen. "Effectiveness of interventions aiming to reduce inappropriate drug prescribing: an overview of interventions." Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 12, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 423–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmab038.
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Abstract Objective Inappropriate prescribing of drugs is associated with unnecessary harms for patients and healthcare costs. Interventions to reduce these prescriptions are widely studied, yet the effectiveness of different types of interventions remains unclear. Therefore, we provide an overview regarding the effectiveness of intervention types that aim to reduce inappropriate drug prescriptions, unrestricted by target drugs, population or setting. Methods For this overview, systematic reviews (SRs) were used as the source for original studies. EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from inception to August 2018. All SRs aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce inappropriate prescribing of drugs were eligible for inclusion. The SRs and their original studies were screened for eligibility. Interventions of the original studies were categorized by type of intervention. The percentage of interventions showing a significant reduction of inappropriate prescribing were reported per intervention category. Key findings Thirty-two SRs were included, which provided 319 unique interventions. Overall, 61.4% of these interventions showed a significant reduction in inappropriate prescribing of drugs. Strategies that were most frequently effective in reducing inappropriate prescribing were multifaceted interventions (73.2%), followed by interventions containing additional diagnostic tests (antibiotics) (70.4%), computer interventions (69.2%), audit and feedback (66.7%), patient-mediated interventions (62.5%) and multidisciplinary (team) approach (57.1%). The least frequently effective intervention was an education for healthcare professionals (50.0%). Conclusion The majority of the interventions were effective in reducing inappropriate prescribing of drugs. Multifaceted interventions most frequently showed a significant reduction of inappropriate prescribing. Education for healthcare professionals is the most frequently included intervention in this overview, yet this category is least frequently effective.
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Sudhakar, B. G. K. "Structural heart disease interventions." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 3, no. 5 (June 25, 2021): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/042.
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Seed for invasive cardiology was sown in early part of nineties. Cardiac catheterization was actually pioneered by Werner Forssmann in 1929. However, credit for therapeutic interventional cardiology should go to US vascular radiologist, Charles Theodore Dotter for performing first peripheral arterial angioplasty [PTA] in 1964. Subsequently, a German cardiologist by name Andreas Gruentzig adapted the technique in 1974 to suit coronary artery disease and performed the first human coronary balloon angioplasty to treat blockage in coronary artery in 1977.
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Bagde, Vishal L., and Dipali B. Borkar. "Biotechnological Interventions for Biofortification." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 10 (June 1, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2013/14.
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Jutkowitz, Eric, Mauricio Lopez Mendez, and Peter Shewmaker. "BUDGET IMPACT ANALYSIS OF NONPHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR COMMUNITY-DWELLING PEOPLE LIVING WITH DEMENTIA." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.2154.
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Abstract Non-pharmacologic dementia care interventions significantly reduce the risk of a nursing home admission for people living with dementia. We used an evidence-based mathematical model to evaluate the budget impact for a healthcare payer that independently implemented four non-pharmacologic dementia care interventions that reduce the risk of transitioning to a nursing home for people living with dementia: 1) MIND, an at-home care coordination intervention; 2) NYU Caregiver (NYUCI), provides caregivers with counseling and ad-hoc support; 3) Alzheimer’s and Dementia Care (ADC) program, a clinic based care coordination intervention; and 4) Adult Day Services Plus (ADS-Plus), an adult day based care coordination intervention. Healthcare payer costs included Medicare and Medicaid expenditures. We simulated a cohort of 302,630 community-dwelling people with dementia, which is the number of people who were diagnosed with dementia in 2018. We applied each intervention’s inclusion criteria to determine the proportion of the cohort that would receive the interventions. Some people may die or enter a nursing home before receiving the interventions. MIND, NYUCI, ADC, and ADS-Plus reduced annual payer expenditures (relative to $25,000, which is the average amount Medicare-Medicaid pay per person with dementia) on average by 0.67%, 0.23%, 0.13%, and 0.58%, respectively over 5 years. Cost savings for the interventions varied by demographics. African American females between ages 95-100 who received NYUCI had the largest cost savings ($2,750.57). White females between ages 65-70 who received ADC had an increase in payer costs ($2,397.07). On average, non-pharmacologic dementia care intervention do not increase a healthcare payer’s budget.
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Ibrahim, Sarah, and Souraya Sidani. "Intervention Fidelity in Interventions: An Integrative Literature Review." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 30, no. 3 (2016): 258–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.30.3.258.
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Background: Complex interventions are frequently used in health care by various providers. It is important for researchers and clinicians to monitor and assess intervention fidelity which refers to the degree to which an intervention is implemented as originally planned and intended to draw valid conclusions about whether the intervention produces the intended outcomes. Purpose: The authors undertook a review of the current literature of intervention fidelity, critically appraised the utility of the existing conceptual frameworks for intervention fidelity, and proposed an alternative framework for intervention fidelity and complex interventions. Conclusion: The proposed conceptual framework offers a means for researchers and clinicians to understand how to design and implement intervention with quality and as intended as well as identify potential moderators that may influence the implementation of an intervention. This conceptualization allows researchers and practitioners to be able to reach valid conclusions about the causal effects of the intervention on the outcomes of interest.
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Muñoz, Iván Díaz, and Mark van der Laan. "Population Intervention Causal Effects Based on Stochastic Interventions." Biometrics 68, no. 2 (October 6, 2011): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01685.x.
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Raab, Melinda, and Carl J. Dunst. "Early Intervention Practitioner Approaches to Natural Environment Interventions." Journal of Early Intervention 27, no. 1 (October 2004): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105381510402700102.
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van Zyl, Llewellyn Ellardus, and Sebastiaan Rothmann. "Towards happiness interventions: construct clarification and intervention methodologies." Journal of Psychology in Africa 24, no. 4 (July 4, 2014): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2014.980621.
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Leroux, Janette S., Spencer Moore, and Laurette Dubé. "Beyond the “I” in the Obesity Epidemic: A Review of Social Relational and Network Interventions on Obesity." Journal of Obesity 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/348249.
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Background. Recent research has shown the importance of networks in the spread of obesity. Yet, the translation of research on social networks and obesity into health promotion practice has been slow.Objectives. To review the types of obesity interventions targeting social relational factors.Methods. Six databases were searched in January 2013. A Boolean search was employed with the following sets of terms: (1) social dimensions: social capital, cohesion, collective efficacy, support, social networks, or trust; (2) intervention type: intervention, experiment, program, trial, or policy; and (3) obesity in the title or abstract. Titles and abstracts were reviewed. Articles were included if they described an obesity intervention with the social relational component central. Articles were assessed on the social relational factor(s) addressed, social ecological level(s) targeted, the intervention’s theoretical approach, and the conceptual placement of the social relational component in the intervention.Results. Database searches and final article screening yielded 30 articles. Findings suggested that (1) social support was most often targeted; (2) few interventions were beyond the individual level; (3) most interventions were framed on behaviour change theories; and (4) the social relational component tended to be conceptually ancillary to the intervention.Conclusions. Theoretically and practically, social networks remain marginal to current interventions addressing obesity.
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Sidani, Souraya, and Dana R. Epstein. "Toward a Conceptualization and Operationalization of Satisfaction With Nonpharmacological Interventions." Research and Theory for Nursing Practice 30, no. 3 (2016): 242–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.30.3.242.
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Background:Although satisfaction is recognized as an essential aspect in the evaluation of interventions’ effectiveness, there is lack of clarity on its conceptualization and operationalization. In this article, we present conceptual and operational definitions that specify the domains and attributes of satisfaction with nonpharmacological interventions.Methods:An integrative review of conceptual and empirical literature was conducted to generate the conceptual and operational definitions of satisfaction with interventions. Fifty-six publications were included in the review. The definitions of satisfaction and the content of instruments measuring satisfaction were reviewed, compared, and contrasted to identify the domains and attributes of the concept.Results:Satisfaction is defined as the appraisal of the interventions’ process and outcome. It is operationalized in 4 domains of process: (a) suitability and utility of the intervention’s components, (b) attitude toward and desire to continue with the intervention, (c) competence and interpersonal style of interventionist, and (d) implementation (format and dose) of the intervention. The outcome domain includes improvement in the health problem and in everyday functions, discomfort, and attribution of the outcomes to the intervention.Conclusions:The conceptual and operational definitions can guide the development of instruments to assess satisfaction with nonpharmacological interventions, which can point to aspects of interventions that are viewed favorably or unfavorably.
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Haussmann, Alexander, Martina E. Schmidt, Mona L. Illmann, Marleen Schröter, Thomas Hielscher, Holger Cramer, Imad Maatouk, Markus Horneber, and Karen Steindorf. "Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials on Yoga, Psychosocial, and Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Cancer-Related Fatigue: What Intervention Characteristics Are Related to Higher Efficacy?" Cancers 14, no. 8 (April 15, 2022): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14082016.
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Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a burdensome sequela of cancer treatments. Besides exercise, recommended therapies for CRF include yoga, psychosocial, and mindfulness-based interventions. However, interventions conducted vary widely, and not all show a significant effect. This meta-analysis aimed to explore intervention characteristics related to greater reductions in CRF. We included randomized controlled trials published before October 2021. Standardized mean differences were used to assess intervention efficacy for CRF and multimodel inference to explore intervention characteristics associated with higher efficacy. For the meta-analysis, we included 70 interventions (24 yoga interventions, 31 psychosocial interventions, and 15 mindfulness-based interventions) with 6387 participants. The results showed a significant effect of yoga, psychosocial, and mindfulness-based interventions on CRF but with high heterogeneity between studies. For yoga and mindfulness-based interventions, no particular intervention characteristic was identified to be advantageous for reducing CRF. Regarding psychosocial interventions, a group setting and work on cognition were related to higher intervention effects on CRF. The results of this meta-analysis suggest options to maximize the intervention effects of psychosocial interventions for CRF. The effects of yoga and mindfulness-based interventions for CRF appear to be independent of their design, although the limited number of studies points to the need for further research.
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Valente, Thomas W. "Network Interventions." Science 337, no. 6090 (July 5, 2012): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1217330.
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The term “network interventions” describes the process of using social network data to accelerate behavior change or improve organizational performance. In this Review, four strategies for network interventions are described, each of which has multiple tactical alternatives. Many of these tactics can incorporate different mathematical algorithms. Consequently, researchers have many intervention choices at their disposal. Selecting the appropriate network intervention depends on the availability and character of network data, perceived characteristics of the behavior, its existing prevalence, and the social context of the program.
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Urquhart, R., C. Kendell, E. Cornelissen, L. L. Madden, B. J. Powell, G. Kissmann, S. A. Richmond, C. Willis, and J. Bender. "Identifying Determinants of Intervention Sustainability in Cancer Survivorship Care." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (October 1, 2018): 95s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.28200.
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Background: Substantial gains could be made in reducing the cancer burden if current scientific evidence was applied in practice. The World Health Organization estimates that, worldwide, one-third of cancer cases could be prevented and another one-third cured if evidence was consistently implemented and sustained in cancer care. However, moving evidence-based interventions into care has proven a significant challenge. Even when interventions are put into practice, they often fail to become integrated into the long-term routines of organizations. This poor sustainability means many patients do not benefit from the best care possible. There is little empirical data on the factors that influence the sustainability of interventions in clinical settings. Aim: To identify the determinants of, and explore the processes that facilitate, sustainability of interventions in cancer care survivorship. Sustainability was defined as the continued use of an intervention and its associated components and/or the continued achievement of the intended benefits after the initial funding or support period. Methods: We first conducted an environmental scan to identify interventions in cancer survivorship care implemented in Canada. This was followed by a literature review to ascertain the evidence base for each intervention and identify those meeting the US National Cancer Institute's criteria for evidence-based interventions. We then recruited key individuals relevant to the evidence-based interventions for semistructured in-depth interviews to explore issues related to their sustainability. Interview data are being analyzed through an inductive grounded theory approach using constant comparative analysis. Results: Twenty-seven individuals participated in the interviews. Preliminary findings reveal five factors that influenced whether, and the extent to which, interventions were sustained in cancer survivorship care. Participants emphasized (1) access to sufficient resources and funding is critical to sustaining interventions after the initial funding period. The ability of a team or organization to (2) evaluate a new intervention and demonstrate its quality and usefulness was often perceived as necessary to obtain continued funding as well as ongoing buy in and support from key stakeholders. In addition, the (3) extent to which the intervention can be adapted, (4) support of senior management, and (5) existence of an on-the-ground champion to continuously promote, adapt, lead, and spread the intervention were perceived as important factors that contribute to an intervention's sustained use. Conclusion: Research into determinants and processes of sustainability is critical to ensure we plan and act in ways that maximize the sustained use of interventions shown to benefit patients and our cancer systems. Issues related to evaluation, adaptability, and ongoing moral and material supports should be considered before, during, and after implementation efforts.
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Turner, Katrina M., Nikki Rousseau, Liz Croot, Edward Duncan, Lucy Yardley, Alicia O’Cathain, and Pat Hoddinott. "Understanding successful development of complex health and healthcare interventions and its drivers from the perspective of developers and wider stakeholders: an international qualitative interview study." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (May 2019): e028756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028756.
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ObjectiveIdentify how individuals involved in developing complex health and healthcare interventions (developers), and wider stakeholders in the endeavour, such as funders, define successful intervention development and what factors influence how interventions are developed.DesignIn-depth interviews with developers and wider stakeholders to explore their views and experiences of developing complex health and healthcare interventions.SettingInterviews conducted with individuals in the UK, Europe and North America.ParticipantsTwenty-one individuals were interviewed: 15 developers and 6 wider stakeholders. Seventeen participants were UK based.ResultsMost participants defined successful intervention development as a process that resulted in effective interventions that were relevant, acceptable and could be implemented in real-world contexts. Accounts also indicated that participants aimed to develop interventions that end users wanted, and to undertake a development process that was methodologically rigorous and provided research evidence for journal publications and future grant applications. Participants’ ambitions to develop interventions that had real-world impact drove them to consider the intervention’s feasibility and long-term sustainability early in the development process. However, this process was also driven by other factors: the realities of resource-limited health contexts; prespecified research funder priorities; a reluctance to deviate from grant application protocols to incorporate evidence and knowledge acquired during the development process; limited funding to develop interventions and the need for future randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to prove effectiveness. Participants expressed concern that these drivers discouraged long-term thinking and the development of innovative interventions, and prioritised evaluation over development and future implementation.ConclusionsTensions exist between developers’ goal of developing interventions that improve health in the real world, current funding structures, the limited resources within healthcare contexts, and the dominance of the RCT for evaluation of these interventions. There is a need to review funding processes and expectations of gold standard evaluation.
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Fitrina, Kusumaningrum, Baiquni Fahmi, and Supriyati Supriyati. "Community engagement strategy for healthy diet in urban community: A phenomenological study." BIO Web of Conferences 28 (2020): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202805001.
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Unhealthy diet is the risk factors for non-communicable diseases with limited intervention in Indonesia. Environmental change interventions are known to be effective in encouraging changes in healthy diet. However, community engagement is needed to ensure the adoption of the behaviour. This study seeks to identify the strategy to engage urban community in healthy diet intervention. Qualitative research with phenomenological approach was conducted in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Samples were selected among citizens of Yogyakarta city with the age range from 19 yr old to 65 yr old. The informants consist of lay persons, cadres and stakeholders. Data from 87 respondents were collected through 7 focus group discussions and 2 in-depth interviews. Strategies to engage community in healthy eating interventions consists of 3 main themes: i) intervention’s characteristics, ii) information characteristics and iii) the information channel. The intervention’s expected characteristics are aimed at various ages, using family approach through stakeholder support and collaboration and by increasing cadre’s capacity and providing opportunity to manage funding. Information characteristics are accessible, valid, up to date and personal. Information can be disseminated through virtual and non-virtual media. Community engagement strategies in healthy eating interventions should be segmented, strengthening the role of family and easily accessible.
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Dickson, Kelsey S., Teresa Lind, Allison Jobin, Mikaela Kinnear, Ho Lok, and Lauren Brookman-Frazee. "A Systematic Review of Mental Health Interventions for ASD: Characterizing Interventions, Intervention Adaptations, and Implementation Outcomes." Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research 48, no. 5 (April 21, 2021): 857–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10488-021-01133-7.
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Onken, Lisa S. "Cognitive Training." Clinical Psychological Science 3, no. 1 (January 2015): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702614561512.
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The articles in this series relate to research on the modification of cognitive processes thought to be causally related to behavioral or emotional problems. The examination of the effects of targeted cognitive interventions on specific cognitive processes and of the relationship of the modification of these processes to clinical outcome provides insight into mechanisms of behavior change. In contrast to intervention development research involving clinical trials that focus on efficacy testing without examining an intervention’s mechanism of action, the intervention development research presented here is grounded in the examination of mechanism and can inform behavior change science regardless of whether or not an intervention exerts the hypothesized effect on clinical outcome. The potential for the utility of cognitive training interventions as clinical tools is discussed. Also highlighted is the potential for a mechanism-focused approach to serve as one model for progressive integrated basic science and clinical intervention development research.
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Pieters, Philip C. "Radiologic Interventions: Noncardiac Thoracic Interventions." Radiology 207, no. 2 (May 1998): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.207.2.486.
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Ritschl, Valentin, Ricardo J. O. Ferreira, Eduardo José Ferreira Santos, Rúben Fernandes, Essi Juutila, Erika Mosor, Paulo Santos-Costa, et al. "Suitability for e-health of non-pharmacological interventions in connective tissue diseases: scoping review with a descriptive analysis." RMD Open 7, no. 2 (July 2021): e001710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001710.
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ObjectiveNon-pharmacological interventions support patients with connective tissue diseases to better cope with and self-manage their diseases. This study aimed to map existing evidence on non-pharmacological interventions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and mixed connective tissue diseases regarding content, feasibility and potential suitability in an e-health setting.MethodsA literature search was performed in eight different databases in July 2020. The intervention’s content was extracted using the ‘Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide’. A Sankey diagram and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data and illustrate the relationships between the interventions.ResultsOf 8198 identified records, 119 papers were eligible. One hundred and four of them (87.4%) were conducted between 2000 and 2020, mainly in the USA (SLE n=24 (21.2%), SSc n=16 (14.2%)), Brazil (SLE n=8 (7.1%), SSc n=5 (4.4%)) and Italy (SLE n=0 (0%), SSc n=12 (10.6%)). Fifty-two studies (SLE n=24 (21.2%), SSc n=28 (24.8%)) used multicomponent interventions. The single interventions were physical exercises (SLE n=16 (14.2%), SSc n=17 (15.0%)), coaching/counselling (SLE n=11 (18.0%), SSc n=0 (0%)) and education (SLE n=2 (1.8%), SSc n=3 (2.7%)). Primary outcomes focused on physical function (SLE n=1 (0.9%), SSc n=15 (13.3%)), mouth opening in SSc (n=4 (5.9%)) and physical capacity (SLE n=2 (1.8%), SSc n=1 (0.9%)). No interventions for mixed connective tissue disease were found.ConclusionThere was a great variety in the intervention’s content due to differences in body structure, activity limitations and participation restrictions in SLE and SSc. These results highlight the need for personalised, multicomponent, non-pharmacological interventions, which could be delivered as e-health interventions.
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Edmunds, Sarah R., Kyle M. Frost, R. Chris Sheldrick, Alice Bravo, Diondra Straiton, Katherine Pickard, Valerie Grim, et al. "A method for defining the CORE of a psychosocial intervention to guide adaptation in practice: Reciprocal imitation teaching as a case example." Autism 26, no. 3 (January 6, 2022): 601–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13623613211064431.
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Defining the central components of an intervention is critical for balancing fidelity with flexible implementation in both research settings and community practice. Implementation scientists distinguish an intervention’s essential components (thought to cause clinical change) and adaptable periphery (recommended, but not necessary). While implementing core components with fidelity may be essential for effectiveness, requiring fidelity to the adaptable periphery may stifle innovation critical for personalizing care and achieving successful community implementation. No systematic method exists for defining essential components a priori. We present the CORE (COmponents & Rationales for Effectiveness) Fidelity Method—a novel method for defining key components of evidence-based interventions—and apply it to a case example of reciprocal imitation teaching, a parent-implemented social communication intervention. The CORE Fidelity Method involves three steps: (1) gathering information from published and unpublished materials; (2) synthesizing information, including empirical and hypothesized causal explanations of component effectiveness; and (3) drafting a CORE model and ensuring its ongoing use in implementation efforts. Benefits of this method include: (1) ensuring alignment between intervention and fidelity materials; (2) clarifying the scope of the adaptable periphery to optimize implementation; and (3) hypothesizing—and later, empirically validating—the intervention’s active ingredients and their associated mechanisms of change. Lay abstract Interventions that support social communication include several “components,” or parts (e.g. strategies for working with children and families, targeting specific skills). Some of these components may be essential for the intervention to work, while others may be recommended or viewed as helpful but not necessary for the intervention to work. “Recommended” components are often described as “adaptable” because they can be changed to improve fit in different settings where interventions are offered or with different individuals. We need to understand which parts of an intervention are essential (and which are adaptable) when translating interventions from research to community settings, but it is challenging to do this before studying an intervention in the community. This article presents the CORE (COmponents & Rationales for Effectiveness) Fidelity Method—a new method for defining the essential components of evidence-based interventions—and applies it to a case example of Reciprocal Imitation Teaching, an intervention that parents are taught to deliver with their young children with social communication delays. The CORE Fidelity Method involves three steps: (1) gathering information from multiple sources; (2) integrating information from previous research and theory; and (3) drafting a CORE model for ongoing use. The benefits of using the CORE Fidelity Method may include: (1) improving consistency in intervention and research materials to help all providers emphasize the most important skills or strategies; (2) clarifying which parts of the intervention can be adapted; and (3) supporting future research that evaluates which intervention components work and how they work.
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Baumel, Amit, Theresa Fleming, and Stephen M. Schueller. "Digital Micro Interventions for Behavioral and Mental Health Gains: Core Components and Conceptualization of Digital Micro Intervention Care." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 10 (October 29, 2020): e20631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20631.
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Although many people access publicly available digital behavioral and mental health interventions, most do not invest as much effort in these interventions as hoped or intended by intervention developers, and ongoing engagement is often low. Thus, the impact of such interventions is minimized by a misalignment between intervention design and user behavior. Digital micro interventions are highly focused interventions delivered in the context of a person’s daily life with little burden on the individual. We propose that these interventions have the potential to disruptively expand the reach of beneficial therapeutics by lowering the bar for entry to an intervention and the effort needed for purposeful engagement. This paper provides a conceptualization of digital micro interventions, their component parts, and principles guiding their use as building blocks of a larger therapeutic process (ie, digital micro intervention care). The model represented provides a structure that could improve the design, delivery, and research on digital micro interventions and ultimately improve behavioral and mental health care and care delivery.
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Cederbaum, Julie A., Soojong Kim, Jingwen Zhang, John B. Jemmott, and Loretta S. Jemmott. "Effect of a church-based intervention on abstinence communication among African-American caregiver–child dyads: the role of gender of caregiver and child." Health Education Research 36, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab009.
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Abstract Parent–child sexual-health communication is critical. Religious involvement is important in many African-American families, but can be a barrier to sexual-health communication. We tested a theory-based, culturally tailored intervention to increase sexual-abstinence communication among church-attending African-American parent–child dyads. In a randomized controlled trial, 613 parent–child dyads were randomly assigned to one of three 3-session interventions: (i) faith-based abstinence-only; (ii) non-faith-based abstinence-only; or (iii) attention-matched health-promotion control. Data were collected pre- and post-intervention, and 3-, 6-, 12- and 18-months post-intervention. Generalized-estimating-equations Poisson-regression models revealed no differences in communication by intervention arm. However, three-way condition � sex-of-child � sex-of-parent interactions on children’s reports of parent–child communication about puberty [IRR=0.065, 95% CI: (0.010, 0.414)], menstruation or wet dreams [IRR=0.103, 95% CI: (0.013, 0.825)] and dating [IRR=0.102, 95% CI: (0.016, 0.668)] indicated that the non-faith-based abstinence intervention’s effect on increasing communication was greater with daughters than with sons, when the parent was the father. This study highlights the importance of considering parent and child gender in the efficacy of parent–child interventions and the need to tailor interventions to increase fathers’ comfort with communication.
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Norris, Emma, Marta M. Marques, Ailbhe N. Finnerty, Alison J. Wright, Robert West, Janna Hastings, Poppy Williams, et al. "Development of an Intervention Setting Ontology for behaviour change: Specifying where interventions take place." Wellcome Open Research 5 (June 10, 2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15904.1.
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Background: Contextual factors such as an intervention’s setting are key to understanding how interventions to change behaviour have their effects and patterns of generalisation across contexts. The intervention’s setting is not consistently reported in published reports of evaluations. Using ontologies to specify and classify intervention setting characteristics enables clear and reproducible reporting, thus aiding replication, implementation and evidence synthesis. This paper reports the development of a Setting Ontology for behaviour change interventions as part of a Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology, currently being developed in the Wellcome Trust funded Human Behaviour-Change Project. Methods: The Intervention Setting Ontology was developed following methods for ontology development used in the Human Behaviour-Change Project: 1) Defining the ontology’s scope, 2) Identifying key entities by reviewing existing classification systems (top-down) and 100 published behaviour change intervention reports (bottom-up), 3) Refining the preliminary ontology by literature annotation of 100 reports, 4) Stakeholder reviewing by 23 behavioural science and public health experts to refine the ontology, 5) Assessing inter-rater reliability of using the ontology by two annotators familiar with the ontology and two annotators unfamiliar with it, 6) Specifying ontological relationships between setting entities and 7) Making the Intervention Setting Ontology machine-readable using Web Ontology Language (OWL) and publishing online. Results: The Intervention Setting Ontology consists of 72 entities structured hierarchically with two upper-level classes: Physical setting including Geographic location, Attribute of location (including Area social and economic condition, Population and resource density sub-levels) and Intervention site (including Facility, Transportation and Outdoor environment sub-levels), as well as Social setting. Inter-rater reliability was found to be 0.73 (good) for those familiar with the ontology and 0.61 (acceptable) for those unfamiliar with it. Conclusion: The Intervention Setting Ontology can be used to code information from diverse sources, annotate the setting characteristics of existing intervention evaluation reports and guide future reporting.
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Liu, Hueiming, Alim Mohammed, Janani Shanthosh, Madeline News, Tracey-Lea Laba, Maree L. Hackett, David Peiris, and Stephen Jan. "Process evaluations of primary care interventions addressing chronic disease: a systematic review." BMJ Open 9, no. 8 (August 2019): e025127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025127.
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ObjectiveProcess evaluations (PEs) alongside randomised controlled trials of complex interventions are valuable because they address questions of for whom, how and why interventions had an impact. We synthesised the methods used in PEs of primary care interventions, and their main findings on implementation barriers and facilitators.DesignSystematic review using the UK Medical Research Council guidance for PE as a guide.Data sourcesAcademic databases (MEDLINE, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE and Global Health) were searched from 1998 until June 2018.Eligibility criteriaWe included PE alongside randomised controlled trials of primary care interventions which aimed to improve outcomes for patients with non-communicable diseases.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers screened and conducted the data extraction and synthesis, with a third reviewer checking a sample for quality assurance.Results69 studies were included. There was an overall lack of consistency in how PEs were conducted and reported. The main weakness is that only 30 studies were underpinned by a clear intervention theory often facilitated by the use of existing theoretical frameworks. The main strengths were robust sampling strategies, and the triangulation of qualitative and quantitative data to understand an intervention’s mechanisms. Findings were synthesised into three key themes: (1) a fundamental mismatch between what the intervention was designed to achieve and local needs; (2) the required roles and responsibilities of key actors were often not clearly understood; and (3) the health system context—factors such as governance, financing structures and workforce—if unanticipated could adversely impact implementation.ConclusionGreater consistency is needed in the reporting and the methods of PEs, in particular greater use of theoretical frameworks to inform intervention theory. More emphasis on formative research in designing interventions is needed to align the intervention with the needs of local stakeholders, and to minimise unanticipated consequences due to context-specific barriers.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016035572.
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Zhang, Meng, Wei Wang, Mingye Li, Haomin Sheng, and Yifei Zhai. "Efficacy of Mobile Health Applications to Improve Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Physically Inactive Individuals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 4905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19084905.
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Physical inactivity and sedentary behavior (SB) have attracted growing attention globally since they relate to noninfectious chronic diseases (NCDs) and could further result in the loss of life. This systematic literature review aimed to identify existing evidence on the efficacy of mobile health (mHealth) technology in inducing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior for physically inactive people. Studies were included if they used a smartphone app in an intervention to improve physical activity and/or sedentary behavior for physically inactive individuals. Interventions could be stand-alone interventions or multi-component interventions, including an app as one of several intervention components. A total of nine studies were included, and all were randomized controlled trials. Two studies involved interventions delivered solely via a mobile application (stand-alone intervention) and seven studies involved interventions that used apps and other intervention strategies (multi-component intervention). Methodological quality was assessed, and the overall quality of the studies was ensured. The pooled data favored intervention in improving physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior. This review provided evidence that mobile health intervention improved physical activity and reduced sedentary behavior among inactive individuals. More beneficial effects can be guaranteed when interventions include multiple components. Further studies that maintain the effectiveness of such interventions are required to maximize user engagement and intervention efficacy.
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Dulal, Sophiya, Audrey Prost, Surendra Karki, Naomi Saville, and Dafna Merom. "Characteristics and effects of integrated nutrition and stimulation interventions to improve the nutritional status and development of children under 5 years of age: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 7 (July 2021): e003872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003872.
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IntroductionAround 250 million children in low-income and middle-income countries are at risk of not fulfilling their developmental potential. There is a need to update syntheses investigating the effects of combined nutrition and stimulation interventions on children’s growth and development and identify intervention characteristics associated with positive effects.MethodsWe did a systematic review to: (1) understand the effects of integrated nutrition and stimulation interventions versus (i) usual care and (ii) standalone nutrition or stimulation interventions, on the growth and development of children under five; (2) explore intervention characteristics (delivery strategies, behaviour change techniques, intensity and personnel) associated with positive effects. We searched eight databases for studies published from inception to 16 November 2020. Eligible studies were randomised and non-randomised controlled trials of integrated nutrition and stimulation interventions examining growth and developmental outcomes. We performed meta-analyses for length-for-age/height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-length/weight-for-height Z scores and cognitive, motor and language development scores, and subgroup analyses by intervention characteristics. We conducted random-effects metaregression to assess potential subgroup differences in outcomes by intervention characteristics.ResultsTwenty trials were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled effect sizes showed significant benefits of integrated interventions on developmental outcomes compared with usual care and standalone nutrition interventions (I2 >75%) but not on growth outcomes. Moreover, integrated interventions have non-significant effects on developmental outcomes compared with standalone stimulation interventions. Integrated interventions showed greater effects on cognitive (p=0.039) and language (p=0.040) outcomes for undernourished children compared with adequately nourished children. The effects of integrated interventions on developmental outcomes did not differ by intervention characteristics.ConclusionIntegrated interventions have greater benefits for children’s development than usual care or standalone nutrition interventions, especially in settings with high levels of undernutrition. Future studies should use standardised reporting of implementation processes to identify intervention characteristics linked to positive effects.
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Young, Sean D. "The Adaptive Behavioral Components (ABC) Model for Planning Longitudinal Behavioral Technology-Based Health Interventions: A Theoretical Framework." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 6 (June 26, 2020): e15563. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15563.
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A growing number of interventions incorporate digital and social technologies (eg, social media, mobile phone apps, and wearable devices) into their design for behavior change. However, because of a number of factors, including changing trends in the use of technology over time, results on the efficacy of these interventions have been mixed. An updated framework is needed to help researchers better plan behavioral technology interventions by anticipating the needed resources and potential changes in trends that may affect interventions over time. Focusing on the domain of health interventions as a use case, we present the Adaptive Behavioral Components (ABC) model for technology-based behavioral interventions. ABC is composed of five components: basic behavior change; intervention, or problem-focused characteristics; population, social, and behavioral characteristics; individual-level and personality characteristics; and technology characteristics. ABC was designed with the goals of (1) guiding high-level development for digital technology–based interventions; (2) helping interventionists consider, plan for, and adapt to potential barriers that may arise during longitudinal interventions; and (3) providing a framework to potentially help increase the consistency of findings among digital technology intervention studies. We describe the planning of an HIV prevention intervention as a case study for how to implement ABC into intervention design. Using the ABC model to plan future interventions might help to improve the design of and adherence to longitudinal behavior change intervention protocols; allow these interventions to adapt, anticipate, and prepare for changes that may arise over time; and help to potentially improve intervention behavior change outcomes. Additional research is needed on the influence of each of ABC’s components to help improve intervention design and implementation.
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Mertens, Esther, Maja Deković, Patty Leijten, Monique Van Londen, and Ellen Reitz. "Components of School-Based Interventions Stimulating Students’ Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Domains: A Meta-analysis." Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 23, no. 4 (October 3, 2020): 605–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10567-020-00328-y.
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Abstract Many universal school-based interventions aim to stimulate students’ intrapersonal (e.g., self-esteem) and interpersonal (e.g., school climate) domains. To improve our understanding of why some of these interventions yield stronger effects than others, we identified intervention components that are related to stronger or weaker intervention effects. We systematically searched four databases (i.e., PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, CENTRAL) for controlled evaluations of universal school-based interventions. In total, 104 included studies (529 included effect sizes) reported on 99 unique interventions. Interventions showed small positive effects on the intrapersonal (d = 0.19) and interpersonal (d = 0.15) domains. Focusing on self-awareness and problem solving, using more active learning approaches, and using more extensive interventions predicted stronger intervention effects on aspects of both domains. In contrast, efforts to improve emotion regulation, assertiveness, cognitive coping, and using group discussions predicted weaker intervention effects. Furthermore, commonly implemented components were not necessarily related to stronger intervention effects and components that were related to stronger effects were not necessarily often implemented. Our findings highlight the need to carefully select components for inclusion in interventions. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42019137981.
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Henke, Marina E. "A tale of three French interventions: Intervention entrepreneurs and institutional intervention choices." Journal of Strategic Studies 43, no. 4 (March 11, 2020): 583–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2020.1733988.
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Galbraith, Jennifer S., Bonita Stanton, Bradley Boekeloo, Winifred King, Sharon Desmond, Donna Howard, Maureen M. Black, and James W. Carey. "Exploring Implementation and Fidelity of Evidence-Based Behavioral Interventions for HIV Prevention: Lessons Learned From the Focus on Kids Diffusion Case Study." Health Education & Behavior 36, no. 3 (April 29, 2008): 532–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198108315366.
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Evidence-based interventions (EBIs) are used in public health to prevent HIV infection among youth and other groups. EBIs include core elements, features that are thought to be responsible for the efficacy of interventions. The authors evaluate experiences of organizations that adopted an HIV-prevention EBI, Focus on Kids (FOK), and their fidelity to the intervention's eight core elements. A cross-sectional telephone survey was administered to 34 staff members from organizations that had previously implemented FOK. Questions assessed how the organization adhered to, adapted, dropped, or altered the intervention. None of the organizations implemented all eight core elements. This study underscores the importance for HIV intervention researchers to clearly identify and describe core elements. More effort is needed to reflect the constraints practitioners face in nonresearch settings. To ensure intervention effectiveness, additional research and technical assistance are needed to help organizations implement HIV prevention EBIs with fidelity.
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Pasnak, Robert. "Principles for Successful Cognitive Interventions." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i12.4599.
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This essay is a distillations of decades of efforts at cognitive intervention by many educators. Three likely outcomes for cognitive interventions are described. Recommendations for when interventions scan most effectively be conducted, and what children are most likely to respond most favorably are also advanced. Finally, the general nature of the subject matter of successful cognitive interventions, and parameters that are most likely to produce good internalization and application of whatever is conveyed by the intervention are also described.
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Choe, Siyoung, Jaesin Sa, Jean-Philippe Chaput, and Deokjin Kim. "Effectiveness of obesity interventions among South Korean children and adolescents and importance of the type of intervention component: a meta-analysis." Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics 65, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00409.
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Background: Various interventions have been tested to prevent or treat childhood obesity in South Korea. However, the overall effect of those interventions is unclear, as very few reviews and meta-analyses were specific to Korean children and adolescents.Purpose: We aimed to examine the overall effect of obesity interventions among Korean children and adolescents, while also examining differences by sex, age group, baseline weight category, intervention duration, number of intervention components, and type of intervention components.Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted for all intervention studies sampling Korean children and adolescents, with at least one control group and one month of follow-up, published between January 2000 and August 2020. Cohen d was calculated as an effect size for treatment effect, using the standardized difference between intervention group’s body mass index (BMI) change and control group’s BMI change.Results: The final sample included 19 intervention studies with 2,140 Korean children (mean age, 12.2 years). Overall, interventions were strongly favored over their controls (d=1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12–2.09). The subgroup analysis showed that interventions with at least one physical activity component (d=2.43; 95% CI, 1.63–3.24) were significantly better than those that did not include physical activity (d=0.02; 95% CI, -0.26 to 0.31).Conclusion: Type of intervention component appeared important, though no differential association was observed by sex, age, baseline weight category, intervention duration, and number of intervention components. Korean and non-Korean interventions may be substantively different. Additional studies are needed to understand why and how Korean interventions differ from non-Korean interventions.
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Able-Boone, Harriet. "Ethics and Early Intervention: Toward More Relationship-Focused Interventions." Infants & Young Children 9, no. 2 (October 1996): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001163-199610000-00004.
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DeVito Dabbs, Annette, Mi-Kyung Song, Robert Hawkins, Jill Aubrecht, Karen Kovach, Lauren Terhorst, Mary Connolly, Mary McNulty, and Judith Callan. "An Intervention Fidelity Framework for Technology-Based Behavioral Interventions." Nursing Research 60, no. 5 (September 2011): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nnr.0b013e31822cc87d.
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Ludemann, Arabella, Emma Power, and Tammy C. Hoffmann. "Investigating the Adequacy of Intervention Descriptions in Recent Speech-Language Pathology Literature: Is Evidence From Randomized Trials Useable?" American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 26, no. 2 (May 17, 2017): 443–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_ajslp-16-0035.
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Purpose To evaluate the completeness of intervention descriptions in recent randomized controlled trials of speech-language pathology treatments. Method A consecutive sample of entries on the speechBITE database yielded 129 articles and 162 interventions. Interventions were rated using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist. Rating occurred at 3 stages: interventions as published in the primary article, secondary locations referred to by the article (e.g., protocol papers, websites), and contact with corresponding authors. Results No interventions were completely described in primary publications or after analyzing information from secondary locations. After information was added from correspondence with authors, a total of 28% of interventions was rated as complete. The intervention elements with the most information missing in the primary publications were tailoring and modification of interventions (in 25% and 13% of articles, respectively) and intervention materials and where they could be accessed (18%). Elements that were adequately described in most articles were intervention names (in 100% of articles); rationale (96%); and details of the frequency, session duration, and length of interventions (69%). Conclusions Clinicians and researchers are restricted in the usability of evidence from speech-language pathology randomized trials because of poor reporting of elements essential to the replication of interventions.
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Cheng, Ziyue, Xueyan Gao, Chengyang Yang, Anna Brytek-Matera, and Jinbo He. "Effects of Online and Face-to-Face Intuitive Eating Interventions on Body Image and Eating Behaviors among Women in China: A Feasibility Study." Nutrients 14, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14091761.
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Body dissatisfaction and eating disorders have become major global concerns, including in Asian populations. Few studies have examined intervention effects on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating in China, especially for interventions with positive psychological perspectives (e.g., intuitive eating). In this pilot study, 66 women participated in an eight-module intuitive eating intervention delivered online (n = 42; mean age, 30.74 years) and face-to-face (n = 24; mean age, 19.46 years) for 8 weeks. Measures of body image and eating behaviors were used to assess the intervention’s feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the data. The intervention had significant effects on both groups, promoting positive body image and intuitive eating and reducing negative body image and disordered eating behaviors. The effects of the online and face-to-face interventions did not differ significantly. Thus, whether delivered online or face-to-face, an intuitive eating intervention may effectively improve Chinese women’s body image and eating behaviors. However, the efficacy of the intuitive intervention in the Chinese context should be confirmed in future studies with designs in randomized control trials.
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van Doorn-van Atten, Marije, Lisette de Groot, Jeanne de Vries, and Annemien Haveman-Nies. "Determinants of Behaviour Change in a Multi-Component Telemonitoring Intervention for Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081062.
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Optimal diet quality and physical activity levels are essential for healthy ageing. This study evaluated the effects of a multi-component telemonitoring intervention on behavioural determinants of diet quality and physical activity in older adults, and assessed the mediating role of these determinants and two behaviour change techniques in the intervention’s effects. A non-randomised controlled design was used including 214 participants (average age 80 years) who were allocated to the intervention or control group based on municipality. The six-month intervention consisted of self-measurements of nutritional outcomes and physical activity, education, and follow-up by a nurse. The control group received regular care. Measurements took place at baseline, after 4.5 months and at the end of the study. The intervention increased self-monitoring and improved knowledge and perceived behavioural control for physical activity. Increased self-monitoring mediated the intervention’s effect on diet quality, fruit intake, and saturated fatty acids intake. Improved knowledge mediated the effect on protein intake. Concluding, this intervention led to improvements in behavioural determinants of diet quality and physical activity. The role of the hypothesised mediators was limited. Insight into these mechanisms of impact provides directions for future development of nutritional eHealth interventions for older adults, in which self-monitoring may be a promising behaviour change technique. More research is necessary into how behaviour change is established in telemonitoring interventions for older adults.
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Greenwell, Kate, and Derek J. Hoare. "Use and Mediating Effect of Interactive Design Features in Audiology Rehabilitation and Self-Management Internet-Based Interventions." American Journal of Audiology 25, no. 3S (October 2016): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2016_aja-16-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the presence of key interactive design features across Internet-based audiology rehabilitation and self-management interventions, and whether there is evidence of them mediating effects of the intervention. Method Adult audiology interventions relevant to this review were identified through a literature search in Google Scholar and a hand search of key journals. Four key interactive design features that have been proposed to mediate the effects of Internet-based health interventions were reported for each intervention: social context and support, contacts with the intervention, tailoring, and self-management. Results Five interventions were identified as representative examples of work in the field. Social context and support and contacts with the intervention were provided in most interventions, mainly through clinician guidance. Only 1 intervention utilized tailoring to personalize intervention content to individual users, but use was minimal. Self-management features were also used in all interventions but the precise nature of these features was poorly reported. Conclusion Future studies should assess the optimal dose and combinations of intervention features for maximizing efficacy in audiology intervention. To be specific, the role of tailoring should be explored, which has been identified as a potential mediator of intervention outcome in the wider e-health literature.
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Sanetti, Lisa M. Hagermoser, Lisa M. Dobey, and Katie L. Gritter. "Treatment Integrity of Interventions With Children in the Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions From 1999 to 2009." Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions 14, no. 1 (April 26, 2011): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098300711405853.
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For more than 10 years, the Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions has published, among other types of articles, behavioral intervention outcome studies related to positive behavior support. Operationally defining interventions is important to facilitating replication studies and adoption of intervention in applied settings. Furthermore, treatment integrity data are necessary to make valid claims that changes in outcomes resulted from intervention implementation and are thus essential to the internal validity of intervention outcome research. Reviews of treatment outcome research in related fields (e.g., applied behavior analysis) indicate that although many researchers operationally define interventions, a majority of researchers fail to report treatment integrity data. The purpose of this study was to review the treatment integrity data reported in all experimental intervention studies published in the Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions between 1999 and 2009. Results indicate that in recent years, a majority of published studies include a definition of the independent variable but do not provide quantitative treatment integrity data.