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Volf, Matěj. "Byly devizové intervence ČNB od roku 2013 nezbytností?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-262303.
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This thesis deals with CNB foreign-exchange intervention from November 2013 in context of assumptions and impacts on the Czech economy. The theoretical part presents important monetary policy aspects, from conventional and unconventional tools to inflation targeting and deflation, to understand theoretical framework of analysis. Analytic part takes a look on Czech economy condition before interventions, especially inflation. Intervention impacts and exit strategies are examined further. Based on the analyzed data this thesis concludes that foreign-exchange interventions by Czech National Bank were not necessary and inevitable action.
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FESCE, ELISA. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING TO INVESTIGATE INFECTIOUS DISEASE DYNAMICS AND CONTROL STRATEGIES." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/894476.
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Infectious diseases still represent one of the major threats for human health due to both their direct and indirect effects on public health and worldwide economies. Despite the current possibility to eradicate or control certain infections like smallpox, polio and measles, the increase in incidence of new infections (so called emerging diseases), or the increase in incidence or geographic range of ones that have existed previously (re-emerging diseases), poses a new threat to public health. To further complicate things, the role of animals in the insurgence and spread of new diseases is central. Of all emerging diseases indeed, the 60.3% originate by, or involve into their cycles, animals, and represent the so called zoonoses. The increase in number of emerging and re-emerging infections and their potential to fast spread into animal and human populations make central the development of tools to reduce human infection risk. Epidemiological studies become then central to understand the relationship among events, investigate their causal effects and understand risk factors. Despite of that, classical epidemiology, centred on the study of the relationships between events, show limits in the investigation of mechanisms underlying infection spread, and in considering the interactions among populations, thus possibly leading to simplistic and spurious conclusions. Mathematical modelling instead, and the development of a “dynamical epidemiology”, allows the investigation of dynamics of infections, thus providing us a mechanistic point of view to understand infection spread. The strengths of mathematical modelling applied to epidemiological studies are several. At first, they can investigate the extent to which an event can mechanistically influence another consequential event. This characteristic of mathematical modelling has a great application in public health, as it allows to prioritise interventions or studies on those events that have a major impact on disease outbreak. Another strength of mathematical modelling is its ability to describe the dynamics of an infectious disease by accounting for interactions among populations and sub-groups of populations within the same population. At least, mathematical modelling permits for theoretical investigations of mechanisms of transmission and to answer to “what if?” questions, allowing to explore theoretical scenarios which have not yet occurred or which needs to be preventively tested, like the application of an intervention strategy.
With the present work we then provide four applications of mathematical modelling to infectious disease. We focused on two wildlife-originating infections: West Nile virus (WNV) and baylisascariasis. Both infections are emerging or re-emerging in Italy and can represent a threat for human beings due to their possible severe outcomes. Due to the potential harm they are for human beings, a thorough surveillance and a wide intervention and control plans are ongoing both to promptly identify the presence and circulation of their causative agents and to reduce human infection risk. A full understanding of WNV cycle is fundamental to reduce human infection risk, but several knowledge gaps still exist, especially on the role played by different bird species involved in its spread. For both infections moreover, despite several are the control strategies proposed a quantitative analysis of their performance has never been performed. Aimed at filling these gaps, we developed a mathematical model to simulate WNV spread, and used it to explore mechanisms driving infection spread. We found birds recovery rate and mosquito biting rate having the major influence on disease spread and thus being the most urgent mechanisms to be investigated via field and laboratory experiments. Birds’ susceptibility and their competence to infection have a negligible influence on disease spread, thus making investigations to understand them of secondary importance. These results might be of aid also in defining the characteristics of a bird species to be a good WNV spreader, by focusing the attention on species that have a small recovery rate or are frequently bitten by mosquitoes. Moreover, we found a negative effect of birds’ abundance in affecting WNV prevalence in mosquitoes, further helping us in distinguishing among species that are suitable to have a role in WNV spread. We then exploited the built model to explore intervention strategies against WNV. We showed that a reduction of the vector population is more effective than a reduction of birds’ abundance in an area. In particular, the best efficacy is shown by the reduction of mosquito breeding sites, followed by the active elimination of their eggs and larvae. On the contrary, reducing the abundance of competent birds or their reproductive sites can obtain an increase in human infection risk. Similarly, we also studied the effectiveness of different intervention strategies to reduce the number of Baylisascaris procyonis eggs in the environment. The ingestion of B. procyonis eggs indeed is the cause of baylisascariasis, an infection that can have severe health consequences in human beings. With our work we explore the effects both in terms of efficacy (i.e., potential to eliminate eggs from environment) and efficiency (i.e. the timing needed) of three different intervention strategies. The interventions tested are: the active culling of raccoons, raccoons’ anthelmintic treatment and faeces removal. We found that raccoon culling might have the best and faster results, highlighting the importance of assessing the intervention on the base of an objective prove on its efficacy. With the proposed work then, we highlighted the role of mathematical modelling in epidemiological studies, by, at first, exploiting their potential to investigate the extent to which an event can influence another consequential event. Secondly, we used them to describe the dynamics of an infectious disease, by accounting for interactions among populations, and focusing on mechanisms underlying infection spread. Moreover, we also exploited them for theoretical investigations, like the simulation of the application of an intervention strategy to reduce human infection risk is.
In conclusion, mathematical modelling can widely help our understanding and management of infectious diseases through a new and different point of view from that provided by classical epidemiology. Mathematical modelling indeed includes the investigation of spreading mechanisms and non-linearity of interactions among individuals and subgroups of populations, thus allowing a more complete comprehension of diseases spread. The cooperation of diverse health professionals is fundamental to fully exploit both classical epidemiological studies and dynamics ones, and the effects of their cooperation can lead to a better knowledge of infections and a consequent reduction of human infection risk.
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McDaniel, Charles N. "Strategic Intervention: Parasitic Architecture." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1212011864.
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Thesis (Master of Architecture)--University of Cincinnati, 2008.Advisors: Jay Chatterjee (Advisor), Elizabeth Riorden (Advisor). Title from electronic theses title page (viewed Sept. 6, 2008.). Includes abstract. Keywords: parasitic; architecture; intervention. Includes bibliographical references.
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Tzoumas, Janis. "Intervence v Afghánistánu: sovětská a americká zkušenost." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191958.
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This diploma thesis analyzes the approach of the Soviet Union and that of the US-led coalition to state-building in Afghanistan, which today, as in the past, takes place against the backdrop of counterinsurgency warfare. The analysis in the field of politics, economy and security shows that in both cases the intervening powers have focused on building a strongly centralized system of government, in spite of the fact that the Afghan countryside's relationship to the Kabul-based government had traditionally been characterized by broad autonomy. The intervening powers' efforts have futhermore been associated with the export of exogenous political structures and for this reason attention is also drawn to the question to what extent the intervening powers' approach to the modernization of Afghan society has contributed to the escalation of unrelenting conflict.
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Meade, Nathan J. "Intervention strategies against rotavirus in pigs." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/39464/.
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The aim of this study was to investigate intervention strategies that have the potential to produce treatments reducing rotavirus-related disease in swine. Rotavirus is the biggest cause of viral gastroenteritis in young swine so is a huge economic burden to farmers. Cell lines deficient for innate anti-viral mechanisms were used to passage rotavirus. This novel vaccine strategy was investigated for its ability to elicit virus that is dependent on the modified cell lines for efficient replication and growth. Rotavirus isolates dependent on modified cell lines represent promising attenuated viral vaccine candidates. Whilst no rotavirus isolates were discovered with this characteristic, analysis of the viral genome after serial passage revealed non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms causing non-conserved mutations at the protein level. Rotavirus isolates with these mutations may cause cell line dependency. A second intervention strategy used computer-assisted analysis (in silico) to reveal short potentially therapeutic peptides based on possible epitopes of rotavirus capsid proteins. Each synthetic peptide was not shown to block the rotavirus-host cell interaction in vitro. Peptides with this property could be used as candidate peptide-based anti-viral blocking drugs. In addition, peptides did not block the neutralising ability of anti-rotavirus antibodies found to be present in pig serum, which would then be used as immunogens to raise neutralising antibodies against rotavirus. However, inactivated rotavirus was found to bind serum antibodies in vitro and therefore appears to hold more promise as a therapeutic strategy than the synthetic peptides. Antibodies present in sow serum were discovered to cross-react with four different lab adapted strains of rotavirus. In contrast, antibodies directed against a common porcine genotype (G5P[7]) were not crossreactive against other strains. This study has initiated research into treatments against rotavirus-related disease in swine but potential vaccine and therapeutic candidates have not yet been revealed.
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Ikwuegbu, Christina. "Middle School Success Reading Intervention Strategies." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2832.
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Guided by the cognitive development view of reading interventions, this qualitative case study addressed the lack of intervention programs in middle schools in a large city in New Jersey State. The purpose of the study was to examine teachers' perceptions of intervention programs for low-performing readers. Research questions addressed the intervention strategies to improve students' learning, school culture, and teaching styles used to teach them. Survey questions were sent to 25 teachers chosen randomly from 5 schools in the school district. Surveys were analyzed by developing codes, clustering themes, and then developing a full description from the teachers' perspectives. The findings showed the need for a policy recommendation to address the gaps in the intervention programs, reduce students' reading predicaments, and enhance teacher participation in constant, job-embedded professional development. These findings will contribute to positive social change by informing a school-wide positive reading culture across these middle schools.
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Rojas, Ines Nayhari. "Who, How, and What? Third-Party Intervention in Venezuela." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_theses/16.
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This thesis examines the impact that third-party identity and techniques have on mediation outcome. The roles of the OAS and the Carter Center in the negotiations between the Venezuelan government and the opposition (DC), during the period 2002-2003, and the implementation of the agreement in 2004 are compared as representing track I and track II actors and styles. Using a process-tracing methodology, five conflict mappings and stages of conflict are combined with the results of focused interviews to main participants of the negotiation process. The analysis shows a significant impact of third-party identity and strategies on the outcome of mediation. Moreover, the outcome is more likely to be successful when track II actors, actually track I ½, participate as mediators in the actual negotiations. The most effective strategies used by third parties, dependent on the timing of the intervention and the stage of conflict, are communication and formulation strategies.
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Meaker, Thomas Arthur. "The role of intervention in strategic change." Thesis, City, University of London, 1994. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18320/.
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In spite of decades of intensive study of practically all aspects of management, it still seems to be almost impossible to complete large development projects according to originally predicted timescales and cost. Examples are the Concorde supersonic airliner, the Channel Tunnel, the Humber Bridge. This research started with the premise that the future is not predictable, and has concentrated on addressing the life-cycle dynamics of projects involved in the development of complex systems. It has also focused on the human characteristics of organisations with initial convergence to "open systems" concepts and the need to increase orderliness with increasing complexity i.e locally decreasing entropy. The theme that runs through the thesis is that of assessing the current risk, and the likely tendency that such risk will increase or decrease in the future, that the project will be completed according to claims made by the contractor in his Bid to the customer. An analysis of data from four actual projects together with various subjective appraisals by managers who were involved in them, and an assessment of the current state of related knowledge, has resulted in the formulation of a new type of management method. The "new" aspects of the method relate to its ability to take into account the dynamics of the project circumstances as the project products pass through the design, manufacturing, testing, and operating phases. This is done by "taking soundings" deep within the projects working infra-structure. During this development a number of conventional concepts have not been used. For example, the concept that a company exists within an environment that can be represented by hard-lined diagrams has been avoided. The method involves the use of static and dynamic risk indicators, open and closed loop systems, and the utilisation of patterns constructed from real time data to identify whether the project dynamics are in a steady state, turbulent or chaotic condition. The method also contains an "intervention" function as a necessary element to ensure that the project and corporation strategic aspects are adequately considered. The method has been developed in a pragmatic manner such that it can be implemented by a practising manager.
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Baldry, Anna Costanza. "Bullying in schools : correlates and intervention strategies." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283996.
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Trivette, Carol M. "Engaging Families to Focus on Intervention Strategies." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4453.
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Young children with disabilities have better outcomes when their families are actively involved in supporting their child’s learning. This session will help Early Interventionists, private therapy providers, and other professionals working with young children with disabilities think about their interactions with the child's family and how those interactions strengthen a family’s ability to support their child’s learning.
In this 90 minute session participants will: Learn about strategies to increase parent participation in their child’s Early Intervention home visits and/or therapy sessions Explore possible strategies that can be used to engage a deployed parent in home visits and/or therapy sessions Observe through video, professionals working with a parent to enhance the parent’s use of effective intervention strategies Explore the use of tools and strategies that promote reflection on practices being used to engage families
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Weidman, Justin Earl. "Dust Control Usage: Strategic Technology Interventions." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26562.
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An intervention to improve adoption of dust control technology is designed, implemented and evaluated using three theoretical frameworks: the Health Belief Model (HBM), Diffusion of Innovation, and the Technology Acceptance Model. A quasi-experimental design (pretest-posttest, with control group) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. An integrated conceptual model, employing key constructs from these frameworks, was developed to predict and describe â adoption readinessâ . Adoption readiness combines the attitudes and perceptions about a technology with the capacity to implement the technology. The primary hypothesis was that the key construct scores of the three theoretical models would improve post-intervention, particularly, â adoption readinessâ . Workers in the drywall finishing industry have been found to be at risk of developing respiratory disease and disability. Studies have shown that drywall finish workers have been subject to overexposure to dust concentrations that contain respiratory heath hazardous particles including silica, talc, mica, and calcite. Prevention through Design (PtD) solutions, which are effective at reducing dust levels, do exist for these operations. Some of these PtD solutions include using vacuum sanders, wet sanding methods, pole sanding and using low dust joint compound in lieu of using personal protective equipment (PPE) as a primary form of exposure protection. Previous studies have determined barriers to adoption of current PtD solutions for dust exposure reduction. Usability, productivity, quality of finish and cost were all identified as barriers to adoption. An intervention directed at those involved in the drywall industry is needed to increase the usage of engineered dust control.
This dissertation project developed, implemented, and evaluated three interventions to address the barriers to adoption through education and marketing strategies. Development of the interventions included strategies to improve industry usage of dust control technologies. The interventions targeted workers, small companies, and large companies involved in drywall finishing.Ph. D.
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Calhoun, McKenzie L. "Weight Management Strategies: Interventions and Implications." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6891.
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Williston, John. "Toward a Strategic Communication Plan for the Afghanistan Humanitarian Intervention Mission." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32244.
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Strategic communication planning and its requirements have evolved considerably over the past 20 years as a reflection of the needs of our changing world; people, technology and the requirement for military and civilian actors to work together. Nowhere has this change been more pronounced than with the development of international humanitarian intervention missions that necessarily involve military and international aid actors working in mutual dependence in areas of natural and man-made crises. Using the 2007-2011 period of the combined war and humanitarian intervention mission in Afghanistan, this study develops the requirements for a strategic communication plan for the humanitarian aspects of that mission with implications for practical reach to all long-term crises. It establishes the real from the ideal practices by the international community (military, humanitarian aid, international bodies) and, based on recommendations from the expert literature, presents a strategic communication planning format that guides both the practitioner and theoretician.
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Wallner, Maria, and Sarah Weström. "Avdramatiserande strategier i logopedisk intervention : En samtalsanalytisk studie." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logopedi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-67587.
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Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera de avdramatiserande strategier som förekommer under logopedisk afasi- och barnintervention samt att jämföra dessa interventionstyper. Vidare syftade studien till att beskriva hur dessa strategier påverkar interaktionen mellan logoped och patient. Vald analysmetod har influerats av Conversation Analysis (CA) eftersom det är en metod som kan användas för studier av interaktionen mellan människor. Materialet för analysen har utgjorts av sex samtal inom afasiintervention och åtta samtal inom barnintervention. Vid analysen av materialet till föreliggande studie blev det tydligt att det främst är logopeden som använde avdramatiserande strategier och detta skedde något oftare inom barnintervention än inom afasiintervention. I samma material var det relativt ovanligt att patienten använde avdramatiserande strategier. I de fall detta förekom bland patienter var det för att skydda sitt eget ansikte, till skillnad från logopedens användning som främst syftade till att skydda patientens ansikte. I resultaten framkom inga större skillnader gällande vilka avdramatiserande strategier som användes, däremot fanns skillnader i hur ofta de användes samt i hur de tillämpades. En annan tydlig skillnad vid jämförelse av interventionstyperna var att logopeden inom barnintervention oftare använde en stigande grundton som en artighetsstrategi, vilket i vissa situationer fungerar avdramatiserande. Gällande interaktionen ser de avdramatiserande strategierna till att samtalet fungerar och förs framåt inom de båda interventionstyperna. Behovet av de avdramatiserande strategierna blev tydligt när de inte fungerade och patienten till följd av detta upplevde ansiktshot. Sammanfattningsvis låg den största skillnaden mellan de studerade interventionstyperna i hur logopeden anpassade de olika strategierna till en vuxen person med afasi respektive ett barn med språkstörning.
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Martinez, Dayna Lee. "Non-pharmaceutical Intervention Strategies for Pandemic Influenza Outbreaks." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4146.
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In case of a pandemic influenza outbreak, non-pharmaceutical interventions will likely be the only containment measure at the early stages of the pandemic when vaccines are not available. NPIs also oer an option for decreasing the probability of creating antiviral resistant viruses product of a mass prophylaxis campaign. In countries where there are not enough resources for vaccines and antivirals, NPIs may be the only mitigation actions available.
NPIs have been increasingly used in preparedness plans. We can see recommendations and guidelines regarding the use of NPIs in countries, health departments and universities. Also, researchers all around the world have study the impact of NPI's in pandemic
influenza outbreaks, most of them using simulation as their modeling tool. Our review of the aforementioned plans and literature shows that there is a lack of consensus in how to implement these interventions. They vary widely in the choice of key parameters such as intervention initiation threshold, duration and compliance. We believe that the lack of uniformity in NPI mitigation strategies arise from the uncertainty in the virus epidemiology and the current lack of scientic knowledge about the complex interactions between virus epidemiology with social behavioral factors and mitigation actions.
In this dissertation we addressed this problem by modeling pandemic influenza outbreaks using an agent-based simulation approach. The model incorporates detailed popu-
lation demographics and dynamics, variety of mixing groups and their contact processes, infection transmission process, and non-pharmaceutical interventions. Using a statistical experimental design approach we examine the influence of characteristic parameters of virus epidemiology, social behavior, and non-pharmaceutical interventions on various measures of
pandemic impact such as total number of infections, deaths and contacts. The experimental design approach also yields the knowledge of the extent of interactions among the above
parameters. Using this knowledge we develop eective NPI strategies and demonstrate the efficacy of these strategies on large-scale simulated outbreaks involving three dierent scenarios of virus transmissibility. The results show that signicant improvements in the NPI based pandemic mitigation approaches can be attained by the strategies derived from our methodology.
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Penner, Amanda M. "Humanitarian aid and military assistance : a strategic intervention." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1475.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Grasso, Elizabeth Marie. "Nonthermal intervention strategies to minimize pathogenic foodborne microorganisms." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282076439.
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Fowler, Jennifer. "How domestic violence affects children effective intervention strategies /." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008fowlerj.pdf.
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Bernth, Brian D. "Selective intervention rethinking America's strategic employment of force /." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490873.
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Scheurer, Brenda S. "Homophobia in Wisconsin schools prevention and intervention strategies /." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000scheurerb.pdf.
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Friedman, Mollie. "Caregiver coaching strategies in home-based early intervention." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07242009-144223/.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisor: Juliann Woods, Florida State University, College of Communication, Dept. of Communication Disorders. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on Nov. 10, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 46 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Xie, Tianyi. "Responding to Microaggressions: Evaluation of Bystander Intervention Strategies." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7621.
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Ethnic minorities often experience microaggressions that cause psychological distress and increase health risks. Bystander interventions are good ways to intervene when microaggressions take place and provide emotional support for ethnic minority targets. White interveners and interventions that pose low threats to White aggressors are perceived more positively than ethnic minority interveners and interventions that are more confrontational and direct. Furthermore, a support-based intervention that validates White aggressors’ good intention and effort without judgement may help White aggressors feel less defensive and more receptive to the intervention. Asian Americans face unique microaggressive themes and their racial experiences are influenced by the stereotype that they are model minorities. Asian Americans may prefer the supportive interventions because they are congruent with Asian cultural values such as relational harmony.
The current set of studies assessed the effect of different intervention formats (high threat, low threat, support based) and race of interveners (Asian vs. White) on Asian American targets and White witnesses’ emotional change, perceptions of the intervention, and willingness for future interracial interactions. Among three intervention formats, Asian American targets perceived the intervener and aggressor least negatively in the support intervention. Asian American targets perceived the intervener least positively, whereas White witnesses perceived intervener most negatively in the high-threat intervention. White witnesses perceived the intervener more positively and had more interests in making friends with them when they are White than Asian in high-threat and supportive interventions. White witnesses’ favorable perceptions of aggressor were only influenced by a high degree of racial colorblindness. Overall, the support approach seems to be the most socially appropriate and accepting bystander intervention strategy to intervene in microaggressions targeted at Asian Americans. The high-threat approach is likely to damage interveners’ social image, especially when the intervener is Asian.
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Wilson, Beth Cherish. "The Effectiveness of Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies ( PATHS) When Used Once per Week in Therapeutic Day Treatment." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2245.
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Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) is an intervention program for children with behavioral and emotional deficits, designed for use, and shown to be effective when used in the classroom a minimum of 3 times per week. However, in some settings, as in the current study, PATHS is being used just once per week. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine whether PATHS was beneficial in helping elementary school aged children improve their behavioral and emotional health when implemented once per week in a group therapy setting. PATHS was developed based on cognitive behavioral theory, which focuses on improving internalizing symptoms of mental health disorders (thoughts) as well as the externalizing symptoms (behaviors). A one-way, repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to analyze archival data of 193 scores, collected over a single school year. Results indicated that elementary school aged children who received PATHS once per week in a group setting showed a decrease in aggression and disruptive behaviors, and an increase in concentration and attention as well as social and emotional competence. Social change implications could involve the results of the study informing how we might promote overall emotional and behavioral well-being in children. At the organizational level, the expansion of the use of PATHS at reduced costs and time within other settings will extend these benefits to more children with behavioral and emotional deficits. Future studies are suggested to examine further the effectiveness of PATHS when implemented in other programs and alternative ways.
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Gramling, Amy M. "Effect of two intervention strategies on science homework completion." Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/gramling/GramlingA0811.pdf.
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Two intervention strategies were employed in my high school science classes to determine their effects on homework completion. The first strategy required students to keep an academic planner which would help them to be more aware of homework assignments and due dates. The second strategy was providing homework reminder slips to students that were missing work to see if the reminders would improve total homework completion rates. Rewards were given to students that completed their planners as well as those students that had all work completed for each week. The first intervention strategy did not improve timely homework completion and the students did not feel that the academic planner was a motivating factor for homework completion. The homework reminder slips along with rewards for completed work fared much better and the students approved of this strategy. Most classes showed an improvement in timely homework completion.
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Williams, Richard Owen. "Strategies for immune intervention in murine collagen-induced arthritis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309740.
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McSweeney, Lorraine Ann. "Prevention of obesity : exploring strategies for intervention in preschool." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2707.
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The proportion of overweight and obese children in England has increased considerably since 1995. One in five children starting reception class is now overweight or obese. Proposed reasons for this are numerous and indeterminate. They include infant feeding methods, genetics, change in eating habits and patterns, and increased sedentary behaviours. The preschool years are considered to be an optimal time to intervene in an attempt to reverse this trend. However, interventions to prevent or treat overweight in preschool-age children in the UK are scarce, with most research being conducted in the US and Australia. Previous research has demonstrated some positive results in changing some health behaviours, however, positive trends in overall obesity rates are lacking. Further research to determine which prevention strategies and methods are acceptable and operational in a ‘real world’ setting is required. Ninety-eight per cent of UK preschool-aged children now attend some form of childcare. Preschool settings may provide valuable opportunities to access children and their families not only for promoting healthy lifestyles, but also to develop and evaluate behaviour-change interventions. This thesis presents a feasibility study of a behaviour-change nursery practitioner-led intervention conducted in four preschool centres in the North East of England. The study is underpinned by the MRC Framework: Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions. The research was conducted in four phases: a preliminary qualitative study with parents of preschool children and nursery practitioners; development of a behavioural-change intervention; implementation of the intervention; and intervention evaluation. Qualitative data revealed underlying complex communication issues between practitioners and parents regarding food provision, and roles and responsibilities. Preschool centres appeared to have difficulties with enforcing school health policies. ‘Gatekeeper’ permission and lower-hierarchal compliance were on-going problems throughout the study. The majority of nursery practitioners and parents stated ‘liking’ and ‘finding’ the intervention methods and activities acceptable and positive changes in family health behaviours were reported. This study shows that a preschool centre behaviour-change intervention is feasible, however, as demonstrated, further work with nursery practitioners is required to determine how personal attitudes and school policy application can be enhanced to progress such an intervention. iii Feasibility studies of this type are important to inform further obesity prevention strategies research. The findings from this study are likely to have policy relevance and contribute to the body of literature.
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Mattheus, Charl. "Managerial Intervention Strategies to Reduce Patient No-Show Rates." Thesis, Walden University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10284622.
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High patient no-show rates increase health care costs, decrease healthcare access, and reduce the clinical efficiency and productivity of health care facilities. The purpose of this exploratory qualitative single case study was to explore and analyze the managerial intervention strategies healthcare administrators use to reduce patient no-show rates. The targeted research population was active American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE), Hawaii-Pacific Chapter healthcare administrative members with operational and supervisory experience addressing administrative patient no-show interventions. The conceptual framework was the theory of planned behavior. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 4 healthcare administrators, and appointment cancellation policy documents were reviewed. Interpretations of the data were subjected to member checking to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. Based on the methodological triangulation of the data collected, 5 common themes emerged after the data analysis: reform appointment cancellation policies, use text message appointment reminders, improve patient accessibility, fill patient no-show slots immediately, and create organizational and administrative efficiencies. Sharing the findings of this study may help healthcare administrators to improve patient health care accessibility, organizational performance and the social well-being of their communities.
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Hubbard, Jodi L. "Teacher perceptions regarding truancy causes and early intervention strategies /." Online version, 2003. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2003/2003hubbardj.pdf.
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Taylor, Teresa, Jamie Branam Kridler, and Mary Langenbrunner. "Importance of Community Connections: Strategies for Intervention & Prevention." Digital Commons@Georgia Southern, 2016. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/nyar_savannah/2016/2016/84.
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Community connections play a vital role in strategies for intervention and prevention. An interactive presentation will focus on successful collaborations involving holistic approaches, service-learning and a comparison and contrast of communities (East Tennessee and the LA Watts District).
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Wigrup, Ida, and Linn Warfving. "Metoder som arbetsterapeuter kan använda för att minska utmanande beteende : En scoping review." Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40071.
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Utmanande beteende kan ofta innebära aktivitetsinskränkningar för individer som lider av beteendet men även för omgivningen. Detta innebär färre möjligheter till aktivitet och delaktighet och riskerar att gå ut över livskvalitén. Idag saknas ett fokus för att utveckla arbetsterapeutiska metoder inom området och forskningen som finns är begränsad. Syftet med examensarbetet var att visa vilka arbetsterapeutiska metoder som beskrivs i litteraturen för att minska utmanande beteende. Studiedesignen som användes var scoping review. Databaserna som användes var AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE och PsycINFO. Inklusionskriterier för artiklarna var att de var tillgängliga i fulltext, skrivna på engelska och publicerade mellan 2003 och 2018. Sökning resulterade i 124 träffar varav 13 var dubbletter. Resultatet inkluderade 20 artiklar som motsvarade syftet varav 13 var publicerade i USA. Resultatet visade en stor bredd av metoder som delades in i fyra nyckelområden: aktivitetsbaserade metoder, miljöbaserade metoder, sensoriska metoder samt stöd och strategier. Detta är ett relativt outforskat område där det finns stora möjligheter för arbetsterapeuter att bidra med sin kompetens.Challenging behaviour often results in occupational limitations for the individual that suffer from the behaviour, but also for their surroundings. This entails reduced possibilities to activity and participation which will affect their quality of life. There is a lack of focus on developing occupational therapeutic methods within this area today, also the current research within the field is limited. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to explore occupational therapeutic methods described in the literature to reduce challenging behaviour. Scoping review was used as study design. In AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE and Psycinfo were 124 articles found, 13 of these were doublets. The result included 20 articles corresponding to the aim, 13 of these were published in USA. and 20 articles which corresponded to the aim was included in the results. All included articles were available in full text, written in english and published between 2003- 2018. A wide range of methods were shown in the results. These were categorized into four key issues: activity based methods, environmental methods, sensory methods and support and strategies. This field is relatively unexplored and there are large possibilities for occupational therapists to contribute with competence.
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Da, Cruz Tereza, and Alicia Larsson. "Matematiksvårigheter, vilka strategier hjälper eleverna?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14275.
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Vad finns det för strategier att ta till för att hjälpa elever med matematiksvårigheter? Matematiksvårigheter finns det flera varianter av och de är vanligt förekommande hos elever. Det är därför viktigt att det finns olika strategier och verktyg för att hjälpa varje elev utifrån dess egen förmåga. Syftet med denna studie är att få en inblick i forskning om strategier för inlärning anpassade till elever med matematiksvårigheter. Denna studie avser att sammanställa och presentera vetenskapliga artiklar som är interventionsstudier och som handlar om vilka strategier som gynnar elever med matematiksvårigheter och förbättrar deras prestationer inom matematik. Vår kunskapsöversikt bygger på nio artiklar publicerade mellan 2010 och 2017 som vi funnit genom att söka i databaserna PRIMO och Eric ProQuest. Vi genomförde kunskapsöversikten utifrån följande steg: identifiera intresseområde och definiera sökord, bestämma kriterier för vilka studier som ska väljas, utföra sökning i lämpliga databaser, välja relevanta artiklar och läsa sammanfattningar och läsa artiklarna och göra en kvalitetsvärdering. Studierna i kunskapsöversikten visade att det fungerar väl när pedagogen använder sig av tydlig strategisk instruktion med faser i undervisningen. Pedagogen bör också introducera eleverna till att använda visuella och konkreta hjälpmedel, uppmärksamma sammanhang mellan det vardagliga språket och matematikens språk samt använda matematikberättelser för att skapa koppling till elevernas vardag.
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Al-Timimi, Hannan. "Interventions: Coastal Strategies to Resist, Retreat, and Adapt." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin161710880000413.
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De, Almeida Neto Abilio Cesar. "Training community pharmacists in cognitive behavioural intervention strategies for optimising the monitoring of non prescription combination analgesic products." University of Sydney. Pharmacy Practice, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/833.
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Analgesic products can produce serious side effects. Because potent analgesics are not under medical surveillance but are available to the public without a medical prescription, any attempt to influence consumer behaviour in relation to these products must be via interventions at pharmacist level. The Australian government is now pressuring the pharmacy profession to monitor effectively the use of such non-prescription medication. The aim of this study was to train community pharmacists on brief intervention strategies for use in a pharmacy setting in relation to combination analgesic products. Focus groups showed that participants had concerns about adopting confrontational counselling styles, as they feared this would antagonise consumers leading to loss of patronage without having an impact on consumer behaviour. This concern was later reinforced by consumer interviews, which showed that a significant proportion of respondents thought that the use of non-prescription analgesics was their responsibility. A protocol for the sales of analgesic products was designed with these issues in mind. The transtheoretical model of change (TTM) and motivational interviewing were selected as theoretical frameworks, as they take into account differences among consumers in motivation and in intention to change behaviour and are congruent with pharmacists' concerns. Consumer-centred intervention strategies were tailored to the individual consumer according to his/her readiness to change. This approach was borrowed from the area of smoking secession in which it has been related to positive clinical outcomes. The assumption was made that TTM-based intervention would also be effective in a pharmacy setting in relation to analgesic products. In the initial pilot study, community pharmacists who simply attended a workshop in the cognitive-behavioural intervention strategies failed to incorporate the newly acquired skills to their practice and consequently lost their proficiency. In the subsequent pilot study, when the workshop was followed by ongoing on-site training with immediate feedback and coaching through the use of pseudo-patron visits, the investigator was able to shape community pharmacists' practice behaviour in relation to the monitoring of pharmacist only analgesic products. The methodology was then refined and in the final study trained pharmacists were significantly more likely than control pharmacists and baseline to engage in a number of behaviours related to the study intervention. These included handling the sales of pharmacist only analgesics themselves, identifying inappropriate use, assessing readiness to change, and delivering an intervention according to the consumer's readiness to change. The results suggested that in pharmacy practice post qualifying therapeutic skill transfer is not achieved by workshop presentation alone. Modelling of the desired behaviour involving reinforcement and feedback is necessary.
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de, Almeida Neto Abilio Cesar. "Training community pharmacists in cognitive behavioural intervention strategies for optimising the monitoring of non prescription combination analgesic products." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/833.
Full textAbstract:
Analgesic products can produce serious side effects. Because potent analgesics are not under medical surveillance but are available to the public without a medical prescription, any attempt to influence consumer behaviour in relation to these products must be via interventions at pharmacist level. The Australian government is now pressuring the pharmacy profession to monitor effectively the use of such non-prescription medication. The aim of this study was to train community pharmacists on brief intervention strategies for use in a pharmacy setting in relation to combination analgesic products. Focus groups showed that participants had concerns about adopting confrontational counselling styles, as they feared this would antagonise consumers leading to loss of patronage without having an impact on consumer behaviour. This concern was later reinforced by consumer interviews, which showed that a significant proportion of respondents thought that the use of non-prescription analgesics was their responsibility. A protocol for the sales of analgesic products was designed with these issues in mind. The transtheoretical model of change (TTM) and motivational interviewing were selected as theoretical frameworks, as they take into account differences among consumers in motivation and in intention to change behaviour and are congruent with pharmacists' concerns. Consumer-centred intervention strategies were tailored to the individual consumer according to his/her readiness to change. This approach was borrowed from the area of smoking secession in which it has been related to positive clinical outcomes. The assumption was made that TTM-based intervention would also be effective in a pharmacy setting in relation to analgesic products. In the initial pilot study, community pharmacists who simply attended a workshop in the cognitive-behavioural intervention strategies failed to incorporate the newly acquired skills to their practice and consequently lost their proficiency. In the subsequent pilot study, when the workshop was followed by ongoing on-site training with immediate feedback and coaching through the use of pseudo-patron visits, the investigator was able to shape community pharmacists' practice behaviour in relation to the monitoring of pharmacist only analgesic products. The methodology was then refined and in the final study trained pharmacists were significantly more likely than control pharmacists and baseline to engage in a number of behaviours related to the study intervention. These included handling the sales of pharmacist only analgesics themselves, identifying inappropriate use, assessing readiness to change, and delivering an intervention according to the consumer's readiness to change. The results suggested that in pharmacy practice post qualifying therapeutic skill transfer is not achieved by workshop presentation alone. Modelling of the desired behaviour involving reinforcement and feedback is necessary.
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Schweitzer, C. "Strategies of intervention in protracted violent conflicts by civil society actors : the example of interventions in the violent conflicts in the area of former Yugoslavia." Thesis, Coventry University, 2009. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/f10df296-dcc0-062b-8ba7-85d3f28687e7/1.
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This thesis seeks to contribute to the understanding of conflict intervention in protracted violent conflicts by studying the activities of civil society actors in regard to the conflicts in what was Yugoslavia until 1991. A very broad understanding of ‘intervention’ is used for this purpose that includes all kinds of activities that relate to the conflicts. Based on a survey of activities in the period between 1990 and 2002, a framework for categorising and describing these interventions is applied according to basic functions in four ‘grand strategies’ of ‘peace-making’, ‘peace-keeping’, ‘peacebuilding’, and ‘information, support, protest and advocacy’, with a total list of about 230 instruments of conflict intervention identified. The study concludes that civil society actors played three different basic roles: They complemented the work of state actors, they were the avant-garde for approaches, strategies and methods that later became ‘mainstream’ in conflict intervention, and in some cases, they were able to control or correct actions by governments through advocacy or direct action. The development of instruments of civil conflict transformation received a massive boost through this engagement in the 1990s. The study supports the position taken recently by some researchers making comparative studies of cases of conflict intervention regarding the limited role played by dialogue and reconciliation work in regard to dealing with the overall conflicts: In spite of ‘reconciliation’ and inter-ethnic cooperation being at the core of the vast majority of all projects and programmes undertaken in the area, indicators of real impact regarding an overall positive change in society and prevention of future violence seem to be rather weak. The study further observes that there was a social movement developed relating to former Yugoslavia in many Western countries that in a hitherto unknown way combined traditional methods of protest and advocacy with concrete work in the field.
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Konstantopoulos, Panagiotis. "Investigating drivers' visual search strategies : towards an efficient training intervention." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10845/.
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Road crashes are the main cause of death of young people in the developed world. The factors that cause traffic crashes are numerous; however, most researchers agree that a lack of driving experience is a major contributing factor. Another reason that has been reported for the increased crashes is that novice drivers have not developed the optimum visual search strategies of their more experienced counterparts. Although several training interventions have tried to improve scanning of novice drivers, they have limited success. The aims of this Thesis are to identify some parameters that influence visual search and to develop an efficient training intervention that will improve drivers’ visual skills. In Experiment 1 an image-based questionnaire was used to assess driving instructors’ and novice drivers’ priority ratings to different areas of the driving scene. Results showed that for both groups the opinions regarding visual field prioritisation were highly consistent when compared to chance. Despite the rating consistencies, group differences were found, across all scenarios with “Rear View Mirrors” being the visual field with the most frequent observed group differences. Certain categories (“Road Ahead” and “Mirrors”) were highly ranked across all scenarios, while other categories were more scenario specific. In Experiments 2 & 3 a novel experimental paradigm was used to investigate the interaction bottom-up and top-down influences upon drivers’ visual attention. Analysis showed that participants’ fixation locations had a stronger relationship with where participants clicked (top down) than with saliency peaks (bottom up). In Experiments 4 & 5 the difference in eye movements between driving instructors and learner drivers was examined during simulated driving. Results showed that driving instructors had an increased sampling rate, shorter processing time and broader scanning of the road than learner drivers. Scenario-specific analysis showed that instructors fixated more than learners on side mirrors while learners showed higher visual allocation to the rear view mirror. It was also found that poor visibility conditions and especially rain decrease the effectiveness of drivers’ visual search. Finally in Experiments 6, 7 & 8 we asked how we can improve learner drivers’ visual skills. Results from Experiments 6 & 7 demonstrated that the ability to distinguish between the eye movements of learner drivers and driving instructors improved as the number of objective differences between the two groups increased across specific scenarios. In Experiment 8 a pilot study showed that a scenario specific training intervention can improve certain aspects of learner drivers’ visual skills. The findings of this Thesis have both theoretical and practical implications regarding drivers’ visual search.
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Chan, Adam Y., Gloria Kwak, Tander Simberloff, Austin Witt, Sarah E. Hawkins, and Ivy Click. "Mental Health Intervention Strategies for Youth in Rural Northeast TN." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/19.
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Title: MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR YOUTH IN RURAL NORTHEAST TN
Introduction: A major need in Hawkins County entails lack of access to mental health resources. As a rural Appalachian county, this scarcity is especially felt by the area’s youth, who are subject to peer pressure, higher ACE scores, and may lack the autonomy to seek out professional help.
Methods: The community-based intervention spanned in three consecutive weekly small-group sessions. Eligible participants were recruited from the afterschool program at the Boys and Girls Club of Hawkins County and must have been in the 5th to 8th grade (middle school) during the course of the study (n=13). Each participant completed a pre-intervention assessment, a series of short weekly surveys (one per session) and a post-intervention assessment to determine effectiveness and retention of the material presented. Statistical significance was determined using a paired T-Test.
Results: Results did not provide any statistically significant relationships but trends were observed in perceived stress which decreased overall from pre-survey to post-survey (p=0.716), as did the self-reported use of negative coping strategies in the group (p=0.193). There was also a slight increase (p=0.653) in self-reported use of positive coping skills. A trend for greater change in the male participants was also observed. The mindfulness activity was perceived with a higher affinity than the baseline knowledge (Unpacking Mental Health) session (p=0.017).
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that short 1-hour interventions per week, especially those incorporating mindfulness strategies, can influence attitudes and coping strategies in rural adolescent children compared to mental health knowledge sessions alone (p=0.017). Trends in gender differences could underlie cultural and societal norms. Due to the limited number of mental health providers, evaluating behaviors were considered but not utilized. These trends, especially in mindfulness activities, could help further guide community partner mental health strategies for youth in rural Appalachia. Overall, these initial trends warrant further work in a much larger sample size and power of the study to draw definitive results.
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Wong, Yee Man. "Mitigating cyberbullying : essays on understanding proactive coping and intervention strategies." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/761.
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While bringing tremendous benefits to individuals worldwide, the proliferation of online social networks has also given rise to undesirable online harassment behavior. Although users can respond in various ways, little attention has been paid so far to the use of online coping strategies on social media, more specifically, how individuals respond to online harassment by using the available features on social media. This thesis sought to understand individuals' use of online coping strategies. This thesis aims to tackle these challenges to advance the understanding of whether, how, and why individuals use online coping strategies in response to online harassment. Essay 1 develops a typology of online coping strategies based on users' focus of response (i.e., self or initiator) and mode of response (i.e., avoidance or approach). This essay serves as a conceptual background for the two subsequent empirical studies (Essay 2 and Essay 3) that focus on two critical roles involved in online harassment (e.g., victims and bystanders). These two studies are conducted in the social media context. Essay 2 investigates whether and how individuals use online coping strategies in response to online harassment on social media. Results from a scenario-based experiment showed that victims would be more likely to adopt self-focused and approach strategies (e.g., seclusion, mediation, and reporting) when they perceived a high threat of the incident. Confidence in executing the platform functions would increase victims' use of the initiators-focused strategies in both modes (e.g., blocking and reporting) but reduce their use of self-focused avoidance strategy (e.g., seclusion). Trust in social media would lead victims to the self-focused approach strategy (e.g., mediation). Victims with the intensified fear of the incident would be more likely to use the self-focused and avoidance strategies (e.g., seclusion, mediation, and blocking). While Essay 2 focuses on the role of victims, Essay 3 concentrates on the role of bystanders and reporting strategy, which is one of the online coping strategies on social media that support bystanders' interventions. Essay 3 explains why individuals report witnessing online harassment. The results found that four contextualized factors (perceived emergency of the online harassment incident, perceived responsibility to report, perceived self-efficacy in using built-in reporting functions, and perceived outcome effectiveness of built-in reporting functions for tackling online harassment) are important factors for shaping bystander reporting interventions, while the presence of others as an inhibitor that discourages bystanders' willingness to help. This essay also found that socio- environmental and technological factors exert a significant effect on bystanders' willingness to intervene. In sum, this thesis contributes to the area of online harassment by breaking new ground for the study of users' prosocial responses to online harassment on social media. It not only furthers our understanding of online coping strategies but also provides valuable insights for practitioners to design effective coping features to combat online harassment.
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Davis, Ty Chapman. "Strategies to Improve Reproductive Efficiency in Cattle with Dietary Intervention." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104172.
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This dissertation examines how reproductive efficiency can be improved through dietary intervention. The use of diet to enhance reproduction is theoretically a low-cost and low-input method that will co-align with reproductive technologies' beneficiary effects. Ideally, with improved nutrition intervention, these technologies will become more feasible and practical to producers. The first study examines the diet nutrient composition and its relative interactions on days to ovulation postpartum, overall pregnancy rates, and pregnancy at first AI in cattle. Most notably, the highest predicted overall pregnancy rate for multiparous cows was observed at high crude protein (CP), moderate non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), Low neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and high ether extract (EE). Additionally, the highest predicted pregnancy at first AI rate was when CP was high, moderate NSC, high NDF, and low EE. The second study examines the impact that a high starch diet may have on reproductive hormones, follicular growth, and pregnancy rates. The high starch diet tended to have a greater placental associated glycoprotein concentration, a greater number of large follicles on the day of breeding and a 20% numerically greater overall conception rate. The high fat diet did exhibit a greater number of medium sized follicles on the day of breeding. There were no observed differences in progesterone concentrations between the two treatment groups. The final study examines the effect that a higher starch diet might have on follicular development, CL growth and size, reproductive hormones, and insulin like growth factor binding proteins -2, -3, -4, -5, and pregnancy associated plasma protein A gene expression in granulosa cells. The experimental group that received the diet greater in starch exhibited a greater concentration of plasma IGF-1, greater number of large follicles on the dates that insemination would occur in a TAI situation, and a lower amount of days to reach a dominant follicle at the diameter of ≥ 10mm. Additionally, the high fat diet did exhibit a greater concentration of progesterone. Although, no statistical differences were observed in the granulosa cell gene expression and corpus luteum size. The feeding technique here may provide producers insight into non-expensive and straightforward ways to improve their reproductive efficiency and, ideally, adopt reproductive technologies in harmony with dietary intervention.Doctor of Philosophy
Improving reproductive efficiency in both beef and dairy cows is essential to continually improve meat and milk production to meet the growing global demand for animal food products. In both beef and dairy operations, the goal is to produce one healthy calf per cow per year. However, each operation type faces unique challenges which, at present, often preclude achieving this goal. Intensive genetic selection for milk production has resulted in inadvertent selection against reproductive efficiency in the dairy industry. In the beef industry, the production conditions and tight profit margins mean that producers are often hesitant to use assisted reproductive technologies like estrus synchronization or artificial insemination, which may help improve reproductive efficiencies. On account of these challenges, there is a clear need for supportive tools and technologies which can be applied within the beef and dairy industries to improve the reproductive efficiencies of these production systems. One possible strategy that could be employed to improve reproductive efficiency within the beef and dairy industries is nutritional manipulation. Although there are mixed results within the literature regarding how dietary manipulation can be leveraged to affect reproductive outcomes, feed supplementation is typically a strategy readily leveraged by beef and dairy producers for various production outcomes. As such, dietary manipulation may be a promising method to improve reproductive efficiency, assuming discrepancies among studies within the literature can be reconciled to provide feeding recommendations to improve reproduction. One strategy to evaluate commonalities among literature data is the use of meta-analysis. Our first study leveraged meta-analysis to evaluate how diet composition and its interactions with parity, genetics, and housing situation affect reproductive outcomes. This study found that reproduction is affected by complex interactions among diet, management, genetics, and time. Thus, leveraging nutrition to improve reproductive efficiency will require precise identification of the correct supplement for the correct animals, based on their age and management conditions. Experimental work to confirm the efficacy of different nutritional modulation strategies will be essential to confirm such strategies before widespread use. Rather than experimentally evaluating an exhaustive listing of strategies to improve reproductive efficiency, confirmation experiments will be more efficient if they evaluate dietary approaches that appeared successful under most conditions simulated in the meta-analysis. In our meta-analysis, supplementation of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) and ether extract (EE) fairly consistently improved reproductive outcomes when compared with crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) supplementation, which had more mixed results. Current literature on these feed supplements is often confounded with energy intake, meaning that it is difficult to discern whether the consistency in response reflects consistent benefit of added energy or unique benefits of these energy-providing substrates. As such, we designed an experiment to evaluate the effect of isoenergetic supplementation of EE and NSC within the diets of grazing Angus crossbred beef heifers to evaluate the effects on reproductive outcomes. Responses of interest included progesterone concentrations, pregnancy rates, placental-associated glycoprotein concentrations, and follicle size and number. Supplementation of NSC resulted in lower plasma progesterone and a significantly lower number of medium follicles on the day of breeding, relative to supplementation with fat. However, heifers supplemented with NSC also had elevated placental-associated glycoprotein concentrations, numerically increased conception rates, and a greater number of large follicles on the day of breeding when compared with the heifers supplemented with fat. As such, the data suggest the NSC diet promoted the maturation of large follicles, which may support improved conception rates. The EE diet promoted elevated progesterone concentrations, but did not appear to support the maturation of medium to large follicles, likely accounting for the numerically lower conception rates. Because heifers are well acknowledged to differ from cows due to their energy requirements, it is useful to also evaluate the efficacy of these dietary treatments in mature cows to assess the consistency of responses. Toward that goal, the objective of our second study was to compare supplementation of high NSC or high EE feeds to mixed-breed, non-pregnant, multiparous beef cows when evaluating reproductive outcomes. The results of these supplementation strategies were similar to those identified within the heifer trial. The group consuming the high EE supplement had elevated plasma progesterone concentrations. The group consuming the high NSC supplement had a greater number of large follicles on the days of GnRH administration. There were no differences in gene expression of aspirated granulosa cells between the two groups. The consistency of results between the heifer and cow studies suggest that supplementation with high NSC or high fat supplements may consistently affect cows, irrespective of physiological stage. As such, further work to titrate the minimum required supplementation levels to assess the possible economic returns of this approach to optimizing reproductive efficiency. Our studies concluded that reproductive efficiency can be enhanced through dietary manipulation in a manner independent of dietary energy intake. Additionally, the utilization of a propiogenic precursor such as a high NSC diet appears to support the maturation of follicles in cattle utilizing a timed artificial insemination estrus synchronization protocol, likely leading to improved pregnancy rates. As such, assessment of NSC supplementation for reproductive modulation may be a productive line of future work.
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Potgieter, Natasha. "Water storage in rural households : intervention strategies prevent waterborne diseases." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30323.
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Poor sanitation, unhygienic practices and close living associations between people and animals in rural communities increase the risk of zoonoses and add to faecal contamination of stored drinking water. Point-of-use interventions can improve the microbiological quality of household drinking water and a combination of microbial and chemical indicator tests could identify the origin of faecal pollution. The improvement of the microbiological quality of drinking water in rural households by the implementation of intervention strategies which included the use of traditional storage containers as well as an improved safe storage container (CDC, USA), with or without the addition of a sodium hypochlorite solution were determined. The origin of faecal contamination in the water sources and household stored water were determined using male specific F-RNA subgroup genotyping. This study attempted to assess the survival of indicator microorganisms and selected bacterial pathogens and viruses in the improved safe storage container in borehole and river water samples. An intervention study was conducted in two rural villages utilising different source water. Results indicated that the improved safe storage container without the addition of a stabilized sodium hypochlorite solution did not improve the microbiological quality of the stored drinking water and had counts of indicator microorganisms similar to that found in the traditional storage containers. However, the households using the 1% and the 3.5% sodium hypochlorite solutions have shown an effective reduction in the counts of indicator microorganisms in both the traditional and the improved safe storage containers. The compliance with the use of the sodium hypochlorite interventions ranged between 60% and 100%, which was in agreement with similar studies carried out in other developing countries. One village complied with the intervention while the other village did not. Reasons for this included financial factors, an unsupportive infrastructures and lack of education and knowledge on health risks by the households. Male specific F-RNA bacteriophage genotyping showed that faecal contamination in the water source samples and both the traditional and improved safe storage containers at the point-of-use were primarily of animal origin (Subgroup I). Households using river water had subgroup II F-RNA bacteriophages present in the stored household water, which was associated with human faecal pollution. However, subgroup II F-RNA bacteriophages has been isolated from faeces of cattle and poultry, which indicated that F-RNA subgroup typing might not be a specific tool to determine the origin of faecal pollution in water sources. Laboratory seeding experiments indicated that 1% sodium hypochlorite solution were less effective in reducing heterotrophic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Clostridium perfringens, F-RNA bacteriophages and coxsackie B1 virus counts in the improved safe storage containers filled with river water with a high turbidity. However, the 1% sodium hypochlorite solution did reduce the indicator and seeded microorganisms within 60 min in containers filled with borehole water with a low turbidity. The 3.5% sodium hypochlorite solution effectively decreased the numbers of microorganisms to undetectable limits within 60 min in both the borehole and river filled storage containers irrespective of the turbidity values. This study has showed that a combination of intervention strategies can provide rural communities with microbiologically safe drinking water.Thesis (PhD (Medical Virology))--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Medical Virology
PhD
unrestricted
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Wu, Hsin-Fei. "Effects of Process Drama-Assisted Intervention on Oral Communication Strategies." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367224.
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My aim in this study was to examine suggestions inherent in the literature on process drama that it has viability for enhancing ESL/EFL learners’ language proficiency .This intention was enacted by exploring effects of a process drama intervention in training English learners’ use of oral communication strategies (OCSs) in a comparison context with a more conventional drama technique, role-playing. Dependent variables used as measures of effect were the variety of OCSs that learners used and with what frequency. The respective approaches used a series of planned lessons incorporating techniques of process drama, and a similar set of lessons using scripted role-play with 53 EFL participants from a Junior College in southern Taiwan.
Quantitative and qualitative data were gathered from participants’ responses to questionnaires based on an adapted Oral Communication Strategy Inventory (OCSI), oral exams, after-task reflection surveys, semi-structured group interview, questionnaires of Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLACS), journals and video-recording. Excerpts of class activities of each group are used as supplemental reference.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Education and Professional Studies
Arts, Education and Law
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Kridler, Jamie Branam. "Defining Youth Violence and Identifying Strategies for Intervention and Prevention." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5854.
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Nyawo, Sinenhlanhla Sihlobile. "Intervention strategies used by educators to reduce bullying behaviour in high schools in Kwadlangezwa." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1449.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Education in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education in the Department of Educational Psychology and Special Needs at the University Of Zululand, South Africa, 2016The present study examines the intervention strategies used by educators to reduce bullying behaviour in high schools in KwaDlangezwa. The objectives of the study include the following: • To determine educators’ intervention strategies to reduce bullying behaviour in high schools in KwaDlangezwa. • To determine educators’ perceptions concerning bullying behaviour in high schools in KwaDlangezwa • To determine learners’ perceptions of educators’ intervention strategies to reduce bullying behaviour in high schools in KwaDlangezwa. The study involved both quantitative and qualitative approach (mixed method approach). Data was collected using purposive sampling in selecting educators and learners. The study contained seventeen educators and twenty learners. To collect data, semi-structured interview schedule were formulated. Interview questions of both educators and learners consisted of open-ended and closed-ended questions. A descriptive and exploratory design was used in this research. Qualitative data analysis was utilised and quantitative frequency distribution. The findings of the study indicated that educators are doing enough to minimise bullying behaviour in schools and different strategies are being utilised to reduce the issue. Some of the positive strategies used include the following: reporting procedures, discipline, advocacy and supervision of learners. However, obstacles have been reported in the process of intervening such as gender related problem, un-reported bullying behaviour and outside school bullying. Ideal strategies which could be used in future to improve the interventions of educators in the issue of bullying behaviour suggested by learners include role playing, segregation of learners and strict security. The study concluded with suggestions on the avenue for further research and recommendations with regards to bullies and victim assistance when bullying behaviour occurs.
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LAWSON, VICTORIA. "Embodied artistic interventions into the tourist field." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9912.
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The following thesis and accompanying visual practice investigates the possibilities for an artist’s embodied actions to intervene within the amorphous, technological field of tourism. The research and the artwork that has developed from it has drawn upon the expanse of tourism’s history and contemporary theories of its globalised politics to enact a deconstruction of the power of contemporary tourism. This thesis investigates critical, interventionist strategies in artistic practice and, importantly, examines artists who have also used these strategies of practice to critique tourism; artists such as Ai Weiwei, Isa Genzken, Emily Jacir, Martha Rosler and Yin Xuizhen. The research enquires into interventionist strategies to create an embodied moment of dissent. The works that have been developed in relation to tourism’s broad field are intrinsic to the urban environment. They highlight contemporary spaces that are increasingly touristic, and immersed in the ephemera of the globalised, mediated landscape. It asserts that the art developed within this disciplinary area should be open-ended, experimental and ephemeral in order to be inserted effectively within the fluid space of production and experience.
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Olivieri, Giulia. "PATRIMONIO DI EDILIZIA SCOLASTICA: PIANIFICAZIONE STRATEGICA DEGLI INTERVENTI DI RIQUALIFICAZIONE FUNZIONALE ED ENERGETICA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389026.
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Jeffrey, Craig Jonathan. "Reproducing difference : the accumulation strategies of richer Jat farmers in western Uttar Pradesh, India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368101.
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Jonas, Branton. "An evaluation of intervention strategies into gangsterism in the Helenvale area." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/10890.
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The impact of intervention strategies to reduce gang related violence by Non- Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the community at large has so far not attracted much attention or support from provincial and national authorities. Helenvale and its surrounding areas plays an integral part of the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality as the economic-hub of the Eastern Cape Province. But its gang problem has evolved over decades of socio-economic difficulties and struggle for a better life in the predominantly Coloured community. In order for this problem to be overcome a more strategically focused intervention strategy is required by local, provincial, and national authorities. This research study evaluates the gang intervention strategies in the Helenvale area and seeks to provide a primary research base from which key policies and strategies could be developed to address this challenge in an effort to bring about peace and stability in this community and other affected areas within close proximity of the area of study. At the heart of providing possible solutions to practices of gangsterism amongst mostly the youth, should be a well-coordinated intergovernmental high impact intervention strategy in partnership with NGO’s, civil society and other sectors of the community. Further solutions are the investment by authorities in rehabilitation centres, with skills development and job-creation opportunities as a key exit strategy for those involved in gangs. Acknowledgement that the enhancement and development of mediation skills of community based structures through the sharing of critical conflict theory and mediation practices, could make a substantial contribution to greater peace and stability in our communities.
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Grig, Andrew. "Novel strategies for the therapeutic intervention of human immunodeficiency virus infection." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252346.
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Ntinas, K. "Teachers' perspectives on intervention strategies for pupils with self-injurious behaviour." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638343.
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The research included in this thesis assessed the perspectives of 91 teachers of pupils with several learning difficulties on intervention strategies towards self-injurious behaviour. Self-injurious behaviour is a serious behaviour-problem, which occurs to more than 14% of learners with severe learning difficulties and impedes their education. Thus, its elimination opens the pathway to education. However, despite the wealth of research the quality of practice remains low. This is natural to expect, since rarely teachers have access to specialist training and even worst this is usually irrelevant to the teachers' needs and perspectives. The purpose of this investigation is to gain evidence for teachers' preferences and needs in order to develop relevant training that could close the gap between research and practice. The teachers perspectives and needs have been defined theoretically in the review of the literature and verified by the results of the investigation. Teachers present the constructive perspective to intervention, and exclude the option of severe punishment but not of moderate punishment. This stands in harmony with the suggestions of the review of the literature for the use of constructive but not strictly non-punitive interventions. However, the possibility that teachers can deliver in practice their perspective is challenged, since their ability in using the advanced behaviour technology available is arguable. Finally, a form of training tailored to the teachers' perspectives as they emerge from the results of the investigation is proposed.
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Atwell, Katie Elizabeth. "Psychosocial predictors of alcohol consumption among undergraduate students : developing intervention strategies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/51603/.
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Excessive alcohol consumption among UK university students is well documented. Although alcohol use reduces over the time spent at university, drinking patterns of undergraduates have been associated with risk of alcohol dependence and abuse a decade following graduation. Consequently, UK universities should endeavour to promote responsible drinking among their drinking student population. This thesis presents four studies that aim to inform the development of feasible and effective alcohol-related interventions targeting the student population. The first two studies examined the effect of an alcohol-related outcome expectancy manipulation on alcohol-related cognitions and consumption. Study one showed that a manipulation aiming to bolster negative expectancies and contradict positive expectancies was associated with immediate reductions in mild desires for alcohol. Study two provided limited support for study one, and indicated that repeated exposure to the manipulation was not associated with significantly greater effects. Neither study showed significant reductions in alcohol consumption. Study three used a survey to examine the predictive utility of a broader range of correlates of alcohol consumption, and provided an integrative model of risky drinking behaviour. The model highlighted the importance of age when first regularly drinking, the sensation-seeking personality trait, social drinking motives, confidence in ability to drink within government guidelines, and the perceived quantity and frequency of alcohol consumed by university friends. Study four consisted of a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effectiveness of computer-delivered interventions (CDIs) across different study design features and identified the characteristics of CDIs associated with the largest effects. CDI efficacy was greater for primary than secondary outcomes, and varied according to the control condition and outcomes used. CDIs with the largest effects utilised personalised normative feedback among US heavy/binge drinking students. The results of these studies contribute to the current intervention literature and can be used to inform intervention development in UK universities.