Journal articles on the topic 'Intervention programmes'
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1
Assarlind, Marcus. "Analysis of an improvement programme for MMEs." Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management 26, no. 8 (October 5, 2015): 1107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-04-2013-0044.
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Purpose – Intervention programmes can potentially aid medium-sized manufacturing companies (MMEs) in improvement work that they otherwise would not undertake. The purpose of this paper is to identify intervention programme functions that support MMEs in the adoption of operations improvements. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical material on one programme, Production Leap, was mainly collected through 11 interviews and an internal-to-the-programme two-day workshop. This material was arranged to describe the programme’s design, and subsequently compared with a theoretical framework based on the literature on operations improvements and interventions. Findings – The interventions were divided into phases focusing on management and employees, each of which is seen as key to planning and commitment. Collaborations with labour unions and trade organisations were found to be important for gaining trust among employees and companies. Research limitations/implications – Earlier research has identified critical factors for interventions in companies, which this paper groups into governance, involvement, and change agent approach. This paper demonstrates how a programme may or may not operationalise such factors, as well as identifies further factors. Practical implications – Practitioners and policy makers may use these findings in the design of support for MMEs, including further improvement programmes. Originality/value – Earlier studies on programmes have examined individual companies, while this paper analyses how a programme may be designed to aid MMEs in the adoption of systematic operations improvements.
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Leach, David J., and Alan Ralph. "Home-School Reinforcement: A Case Study." Behaviour Change 3, no. 1 (March 1986): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900009128.
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A home-based reinforcement programme was implemented to decrease classroom rule violations by a 16-year-old boy with a long history of disruptive behaviour in a secondary school classroom. The critical features of the intervention are described and discussed, including the fading procedure employed to maintain the behavioural gains exhibited during the programme's operation. The usefulness of minimal interventions, such as home-based reinforcement programmes, in the management of problem behaviour in schools is discussed, and comment is made on some possible benefits to behavioural practice of the collaborative style of intervention exemplified.
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Blok, Henk, Ruben G. Fukkink, Eveline C. Gebhardt, and Paul P. M. Leseman. "The relevance of delivery mode and other programme characteristics for the effectiveness of early childhood intervention." International Journal of Behavioral Development 29, no. 1 (January 2005): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250444000315.
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Although it is generally believed that early intervention programmes are an effective means to stimulate children’s cognitive development, many questions remain concerning programme design and delivery. This article reviews 19 studies into the effectiveness of early intervention programmes published from 1985 onward. The database comprised 85 different outcomes or effect sizes (71 in the cognitive domain, 14 in the socioemotional domain). The overall effect size estimate was d 1/40.32 ( SE 1/4 0.05) in the cognitive domain, and d 1/4 0.05 ( SE 1/4 0.02) in the socioemotional domain. Effect sizes were found to depend on delivery mode. Centre-based interventions and interventions following the combined home- and centre-based delivery mode produced greater effect sizes than did home-based programmes in the cognitive domain, but not in the socioemotional domain. The programme inclusion of coaching of parenting skills was also positively related to outcomes in the cognitive domain. Several other programme characteristics, including age of onset, programme length and intensity, continuation after kindergarten, and the inclusion of social or economic support, appeared not to be uniquely related to outcomes.
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Alipanga, Benjamin, Maarten De Schryver, Stella Neema, Eric Broekaert, and Ilse Derluyn. "Influence of reconciliation programmes on the reconciliation attitudes of war-affected adolescents in Northern Uganda." Afrika Focus 29, no. 1 (February 26, 2016): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02901002.
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Whether post-conflict reconciliation programmes are able to change hostile behaviours is not known. This study sought to assess the influence of reconciliation programmes on the reconciliation attitudes of war-affected adolescents in two communities in Northern Uganda. Four hundred and forty five adolescents within two communities, one with and the other without interventions were assessed for exposure to war-related and daily stressors and place of residence using hierarchical regression analysis to predict reconciliation attitudes. Adolescents in the non-intervention community recorded more positive and also more negative reconciliation attitudes; exposure to daily and war-related stressors was more positively associated with increasing reconciliation attitudes among adolescents in the non-intervention than those in the intervention community. Overall the programmes recorded limited impact on reconciliation attitudes, perhaps due to the pervasive adverse social situation of the people. Conclusion: there is a need for multi-pronged, collaborative programme efforts targeting holistic recovery programmes with focus on changing negative reconciliation attitudes.
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Kenny, Eanna, John W. McEvoy, Jenny McSharry, Linda M. Collins, Rod S. Taylor, and Molly Byrne. "Are behaviour change techniques and intervention features associated with effectiveness of digital cardiac rehabilitation programmes? A systematic review protocol." HRB Open Research 4 (August 11, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13355.1.
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Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a complex intervention that aims to stabilise, slow, or reverse the progression of CVD and improve patients’ functional status and quality of life. Digitally delivered CR has been shown to be effective and can overcome many of the access barriers associated with traditional centre-based delivered CR programmes. However, there is a limited understanding of the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) and intervention features that maximise the effectiveness of digital programmes. Therefore, this systematic review will aim to identify the BCTs that have been used in digital CR programmes and to determine which BCTs and intervention features are associated with programme effectiveness. Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, CINHAL, PsycINFO and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be searched from inception to June 2021 for randomised controlled trials of digital CR with CVD patients. Screening, data extraction, intervention coding and risk of bias will be performed by one reviewer with a second reviewer independently verifying a random 20% of the articles. Intervention content will be coded using the behaviour change technique taxonomy v1 and the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist and intervention features will be identified. A meta-analysis will be conducted to calculate the pooled effect size of each outcome, and meta-regression analyses will investigate whether intervention features and the presence and absence of individual BCTs in interventions are associated with intervention effectiveness. Discussion: The review will identify BCTs and intervention features that are associated with digital CR programmes and adopt a systematic approach to describe the content of these programmes using the BCT taxonomy (v1) and TIDieR checklist. The results will provide key insights into the content and design of successful digital CR programmes, providing a foundation for further development, testing and refinement.
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Joseph, Tonuchi, Pauline Obikaonu, Charles Ariolu, Chinyere Nwolisa, and Aderibigbe Aderohunmu. "SMEs Intervention Programmes in Nigeria: Evaluating Challenges Facing Implementation." Applied Journal of Economics, Management and Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (August 21, 2021): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.53790/ajmss.v2i1.10.
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To ensure price and economic stability, the central bank of Nigeria has adopted several unconventional monetary policy measure such as MSMEs credit intervention with the aim of boosting credit availability in specific sector of the economy. The intuition is that rise in productive activities/investment will indirectly promotes price stability the core mandate of the bank. Therefore, this study investigated the challenges facing implementation of real sector (MSMEs) intervention programmes of the CBN since year 2000 to 2020. The study employed mixed method using descriptive survey approach to sample 62 intervention programme implementers and 400 Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs). The findings reveal among others that high loan default risks, politicization of programmes, and inadequate infrastructural development are the leading challenges facing programme implementers in Nigeria. Applicants' non-eligibility in programmes applied for, poor business plan or inadequate knowledge in proposed business topped the reasons for failures among applicant MSMEs. Consequently, a need for more public-private partnerships in programme design, monitoring, and evaluation to forestall political interference is advised.
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Pulford, Justin, Susie Crossman, Pierre Abomo, Jessica Amegee Quach, Sara Begg, Yan Ding, Taghreed El Hajj, and Imelda Bates. "Guidance and conceptual tools to inform the design, selection and evaluation of research capacity strengthening interventions." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 3 (March 2021): e005153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005153.
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This practice note presents four conceptual tools intended to support the design, selection and evaluation of research capacity strengthening (RCS) programmes in low-income and middle-income country settings. The tools may be used by a wide range of RCS stakeholders, including funders, implementing parties and programme evaluators, to guide decision-making in lieu of largely as yet unavailable empirical evidence. The first conceptual tool guides decision-making regarding RCS intervention design, focusing specifically on the combination and integration of potential intervention activities. The second conceptual tool provides a framework for assessing the implementation challenges of potential RCS interventions in terms of: (1) the overall cost of implementing the proposed intervention in a given context; (2) the length of time required to complete full implementation of the proposed intervention in a given context and (3) the level of control the implementing partners would have over the proposed intervention in a given context. The third conceptual tool provides a means to consider the anticipated impact of potential RCS interventions in order to inform selection decisions (ie, which out of a number of potential RCS intervention options may be most impactful in a given setting given the intervention design and implementation challenges). The fourth and final tool is designed to support the evaluation of a collective RCS effort, whether that be multiple RCS interventions delivered within the context of a single or continuous programme or multiple RCS programmes delivered in a common setting.
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Maluleke, Ntsako P., Katijah Khoza-Shangase, and Amisha Kanji. "Hearing impairment detection and intervention in children from centre-based early intervention programmes." Journal of Child Health Care 23, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 232–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493518788477.
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The study aimed to describe ages at identification and initiation of early intervention (EI) services for children enrolled in centre-based EI programmes in Gauteng, as well as to describe the nature of EI services that the children received. The researchers conducted retrospective record reviews of the EI programme files. In addition, caregivers of eight children identified with hearing impairments and enrolled in centre-based EI programmes in Gauteng completed a newly constructed questionnaire. The caregiver questionnaire produced data pertaining to the child's family demographics, background information and schooling history. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data, using frequency distribution and measures of central tendency. None of the children received newborn hearing screening services, thus they were identified late following maternal suspicion of hearing impairment. Late identification of the hearing impairment resulted in suboptimal initiation of EI services. All the children received aural habilitation and/or speech–language therapy services. These findings indicate that there is a great need for the establishment of widespread early hearing detection and intervention programmes that will lead to earlier identification of infant and childhood hearing impairment and timely initiation of EI services.
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Lloyd, Chris, Jo Bassett, and Pam Samra. "Rehabilitation Programmes for Early Psychosis." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 63, no. 2 (February 2000): 76–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802260006300205.
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Early psychosis is a relatively new area of practice in the field of mental health. Early intervention for people with psychosis is increasingly being recognised as a crucial component of quality care. Rehabilitation interventions in early psychosis assist in promoting recovery and involvement in community life, reduce the development of disability and facilitate the achievement of personal goals. The development of models of care and best practice in early psychosis intervention has been promoted by the Commonwealth of Australia. This paper describes a model of care and best practice in early psychosis intervention — the Early Psychosis Programme — which has been implemented in an integrated mental health service.
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Watson, Samuel I., Mary Dixon-Woods, Celia A. Taylor, Emily B. Wroe, Elizabeth L. Dunbar, Peter J. Chilton, and Richard J. Lilford. "Revising ethical guidance for the evaluation of programmes and interventions not initiated by researchers." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 1 (September 3, 2019): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105263.
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Public health and service delivery programmes, interventions and policies (collectively, ‘programmes’) are typically developed and implemented for the primary purpose of effecting change rather than generating knowledge. Nonetheless, evaluations of these programmes may produce valuable learning that helps determine effectiveness and costs as well as informing design and implementation of future programmes. Such studies might be termed ‘opportunistic evaluations’, since they are responsive to emergent opportunities rather than being studies of interventions that are initiated or designed by researchers. However, current ethical guidance and registration procedures make little allowance for scenarios where researchers have played no role in the development or implementation of a programme, but nevertheless plan to conduct a prospective evaluation. We explore the limitations of the guidance and procedures with respect to opportunistic evaluations, providing a number of examples. We propose that one key missing distinction in current guidance is moral responsibility: researchers can only be held accountable for those aspects of a study over which they have control. We argue that requiring researchers to justify an intervention, programme or policy that would occur regardless of their involvement prevents or hinders research in the public interest without providing any further protections to research participants. We recommend that trial consent and ethics procedures allow for a clear separation of responsibilities for the intervention and the evaluation.
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van de Hoef, Peter Alexander, Michel S. Brink, Jur J. Brauers, Maarten van Smeden, Vincent Gouttebarge, and Frank J. G. Backx. "Adherence to an injury prevention program in male amateur football players is affected by players’ age, experience and perceptions." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 3 (August 2022): e001328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001328.
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ObjectivesAdherence to injury prevention programmes in football remains low, which is thought to drastically reduce the effects of injury prevention programmes. Reasons why (medical) staff and players implement injury prevention programmes, have been investigated, but player’s characteristics and perceptions about these programmes might influence their adherence. Therefore, this study investigated the relationships between player’s characteristics and adherence and between player’s perceptions and adherence following an implemented injury prevention programme.MethodsData from 98 of 221 football players from the intervention group of a cluster randomised controlled trial concerning hamstring injury prevention were analysed.ResultsAdherence was better among older and more experienced football players, and players considered the programme more useful, less intense, more functional and less time-consuming. Previous hamstring injuries, educational level, the programme’s difficulty and intention to continue the exercises were not significantly associated with adherence.ConclusionThese player’s characteristics and perceptions should be considered when implementing injury prevention programmes.
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King, Kate. "Screening children for mental health difficulties in school settings." British Journal of Child Health 2, no. 6 (December 2, 2021): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/chhe.2021.2.6.275.
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Rates of probable mental health problems in children and young people in England are increasing while failure to identify and address mental health difficulties early in life affects individuals' long-term functioning and wellbeing. Despite reported benefits of early identification and intervention, there is no school entry screening programme. The aim was to review the evidence for mental health screening and identification programmes based in schools against the UK NSC criteria. We found mixed evidence of the feasibility and acceptability of screening and limited evidence on programmes' effectiveness and cost effectiveness. While there is evidence of effective interventions, there is work to do to enable timely and equitable access to mental health support. Currently there is insufficient evidence to recommend a universal screening programme and any use of validated screening tools in schools should be accompanied by a clear pathway into early intervention services and a robust evaluation of the whole programme.
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Stallard, Paul, and Rhiannon Buck. "Preventing depression and promoting resilience: feasibility study of a school-based cognitive-behavioural intervention." British Journal of Psychiatry 202, s54 (January 2013): s18—s23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119172.
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BackgroundThe limited reach and effectiveness of psychological treatments for adolescent depression have fuelled interest in alternative approaches designed to promote resilience. Schools offer a convenient location for the widespread delivery of depression prevention programmes, although little research has evaluated the feasibility of delivering interventions in this setting.AimsTo investigate the feasibility of delivering and evaluating a universal school-based depression prevention programme for children aged 12-16 years.MethodA three-arm pilot study was conducted in one UK secondary SChOOl (n = 834).ResultsInterventions had good reach (96%), with high rates of consent (89%) and reasonable retention (78%). The majority of intervention sessions were delivered as intended, with 85% of students attending seven or more sessions. The programme was acceptable to students and teachers, with the specific content of the active intervention being rated differently from the control programmes.ConclusionsDelivering and undertaking methodologically robust evaluations of universal school-based depression programmes is feasible.
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Mackenzie, Lee. "Evaluation of an English language peer tutoring intervention." International Journal of Educational Management 34, no. 5 (December 23, 2019): 869–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-04-2019-0129.
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PurposeDesertion rates in Colombian universities remain unacceptably high. In the field of foreign languages, academic failure is particularly concerning since English language instruction is compulsory in most universities. To address the issue of poor student performance and high dropout rates, the University of Colombia has set up a peer tutoring scheme (PTS) for English as a foreign language (EFL) students in order to inform programme development. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe study was informed by realist evaluation principles. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with eight PTS stakeholders supplemented by documentary analysis of the programme’s publicity material on the PTS website. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsFindings reveal discrepancies between the “espoused theory” about how the programme operates and the “theory-in-use”. In particular, according to stakeholders, the programme does not appear to be used by many of those EFL students who would benefit from it, which suggests that the programme is not as effective as it could be. Student and teacher contextual factors and mechanisms may explain the reasons for issues with programme effectiveness.Research limitations/implicationsFormative evaluations such as the current study can provide rich contextual information, but cannot be generalised to other settings. Also, this study does not explore the perspective of peer tutors and tutees, which means key variables may have been overlooked. Further research into the perspectives of tutors and tutees would therefore be needed to firm up these conclusions.Practical implicationsDue to the scarcity of literature into EFL peer tutoring interventions in higher education (HE), it is hoped that these findings will have relevance for similar contexts. The current evaluation highlights the influence of contextual factors such as willingness to ask for help, student motivation, student priorities, tutor credibility, teacher workload, timetabling and scheduling issues and involvement from teachers on the success of open-access peer tutoring programmes for EFL students in higher educational settings.Originality/valueAs far the researcher is aware, this is the first evaluation of an EFL peer tutoring programme in a private HE context in Colombia, and one of only a handful of studies into EFL peer tutoring programmes. The findings therefore have implications for those working in similar contexts.
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Weinehall, L., C. Lewis, A. N. Nafziger, P. L. Jenkins, T. A. Erb, T. A. Pearson, and S. Wall. "Different outcomes for different interventions with different focus!— A cross-country comparison of community interventions in rural Swedish and US populations." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 29, no. 56_suppl (June 2001): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948010290021801.
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Objectives: There is a need among healthcare providers to acquire more knowledge about small-scale and low budget community intervention programmes. This paper compares risk factor outcomes in Swedish and US intervention programmes for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim was to explore how different intervention programme profiles affect outcome. Methods: Using a quasi-experimental design, trends in risk factors and estimated CVD risk in two intervention areas (Norsjö, Sweden and Otsego- Schoharie County, New York state) are compared with those in reference areas (Northern Sweden region and Herkimer County, New York state) using serial cross-sectional studies and panel studies. Results: The programmes were able to achieve significant changes in CVD risk factors that the local communities recognized as major concerns: changing eating habits in the Swedish population and reducing smoking in the US population. For the Swedish cross-sectional follow-up study cholesterol reduction was 12%, compared to 5% in the reference population ( p for trend differences < 0.000) . The significantly higher estimated CVD risk (as assessed by risk scores) at baseline in the intervention population was below that of the Swedish reference population after 5 years of intervention. The Swedish panel study provided the same results. In the US, both the serial cross-sectional and panel studies showed a >10% decline in smoking prevalence in the intervention population, while it increased slightly in the reference population. When pooling the serial cross-sectional studies the estimated risk reduction (using the Framingham risk equation) was significantly greater in the intervention populations compared to the reference populations. Conclusions: The overall pattern of risk reduction is consistent and suggests that the two different models of rural county intervention can contribute to significant risk reduction. The Swedish programme had its greatest effect on reduction of serum cholesterol levels whereas the US programme had its greatest effect on smoking prevention and cessation. These outcomes are consistent with programmatic emphases. Socially less privileged groups in these rural areas benefited as much or more from the interventions as those with greater social resources.
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Nordentoft, M. "Early Intervention Programmes in Psychosis." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.38.
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Early Intervention Programmes in Psychosis Mental illness is associated with high burden of disease and it has severe individual and societal consequences. In first episode psychosis, specialised Early Intervention Services with team-based intensive case management and family involvement are superior to standard treatment in reducing psychotic and negative symptoms and comorbid substance abuse and improving social functioning and user satisfaction. The results of the OPUS-trials will be presented together with meta-analyses based on similar trials. The sustainability of positive effects will be highlighted with results from three different trials. Results of long-term follow-up studies indicate that the prognosis of first episode psychosis is very diverse with the extremes represented by one group being well functioning and able to quit medication without relapse; and another group having a long-term chronic course of illness with a need for support to maintain daily activities. The latter is, in spite of many efforts, still poorly served. A substantial proportion of patients with psychosis have treatment resistant auditory hallucinations. The UK-based AVATAR-trial was the first to demonstrate effect of simulation training on devaluating voices. The Danish CHALLENGE-trial aim to replicate the findings from the AVATAR trial in a virtual reality setting. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Burton, Wendy, Pinki Sahota, Maureen Twiddy, Julia Brown, and Maria Bryant. "The Development of a Multilevel Intervention to Optimise Participant Engagement with an Obesity Prevention Programme Delivered in UK children’s Centres." Prevention Science 22, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01205-y.
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AbstractPoor participant engagement threatens the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of public health programmes preventing meaningful evaluation and wider application. Although barriers and levers to engagement with public health programmes are well documented, there is a lack of proven strategies in the literature addressing these. This paper details the development of a participant engagement intervention aimed at promoting enrolment and attendance to a community-based pre-school obesity prevention programme delivered in UK children’s centres; HENRY (Health, Exercise, Nutrition for the Really Young). The Behaviour Change Wheel framework was used to guide the development of the intervention. The findings of a coinciding focused ethnography study identified barriers and levers to engagement with HENRY that informed which behaviours should be targeted within the intervention to promote engagement. A COM-B behavioural analysis was undertaken to identify whether capability, opportunity or motivation would need to be influenced for the target behaviours to occur. APEASE criteria were used to agree on appropriate intervention functions and behaviour change techniques. A multi-level participant engagement intervention was developed to promote adoption of target behaviours that were proposed to promote engagement with HENRY, e.g. ensuring the programme is accurately portrayed when approaching individuals to attend and providing ‘taster’ sessions prior to each programme. At the local authority level, the intervention aimed to increase buy-in with HENRY to increase the level of resource dedicated to engagement efforts. At the centre level, managers were encouraged to widen promotion of the programme and ensure that staff promoted the programme accurately. HENRY facilitators received training to increase engagement during sessions, and parents that had attended HENRY were encouraged to recruit their peers. This paper describes one of the first attempts to develop a theory-based multi-level participant engagement intervention specifically designed to promote recruitment and retention to a community-based obesity prevention programme. Given the challenges to implementing public health programmes with sufficient reach, the process used to develop the intervention serves as an example of how programmes that are already widely commissioned could be optimised to enable greater impact.
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Weber, Michaela, Nacera Belala, Lindy Clemson, Elisabeth Boulton, Helen Hawley-Hague, Clemens Becker, and Michael Schwenk. "Feasibility and Effectiveness of Intervention Programmes Integrating Functional Exercise into Daily Life of Older Adults: A Systematic Review." Gerontology 64, no. 2 (September 15, 2017): 172–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000479965.
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Background: Traditionally, exercise programmes for improving functional performance and reducing falls are organised as structured sessions. An alternative approach of integrating functional exercises into everyday tasks has emerged in recent years. Objectives: Summarising the current evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of interventions integrating functional exercise into daily life. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted including articles based on the following criteria: (1) individuals ≥60 years; (2) intervention studies of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised studies (NRS); (3) using a lifestyle-integrated approach; (4) using functional exercises to improve strength, balance, or physical functioning; and (5) reporting outcomes on feasibility and/or effectiveness. Methodological quality of RCTs was evaluated using the PEDro scale. Results: Of 4,415 articles identified from 6 databases, 14 (6 RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. RCT quality was moderate to good. Intervention concepts included (1) the Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) programme integrating exercises into everyday activities and (2) combined programmes using integrated and structured training. Three RCTs evaluated LiFE in community dwellers and reported significantly improved balance, strength, and functional performance compared with controls receiving either no intervention, or low-intensity exercise, or structured exercise. Two of these RCTs reported a significant reduction in fall rate compared with controls receiving either no intervention or low-intensity exercise. Three RCTs compared combined programmes with usual care in institutionalised settings and reported improvements for some (balance, functional performance), but not all (strength, falls) outcomes. NRS showed behavioural change related to LiFE and feasibility in more impaired populations. One NRS comparing a combined home-based programme to a gym-based programme reported greater sustainability of effects in the combined programme. Conclusions: This review provides evidence for the effectiveness of integrated training for improving motor performances in older adults. Single studies suggest advantages of integrated compared with structured training. Combined programmes are positively evaluated in institutionalised settings, while little evidence exists in other populations. In summary, the approach of integrating functional exercise into daily life represents a promising alternative or complement to structured exercise programmes. However, more RCTs are needed to evaluate this concept in different target populations and the potential for inducing behavioural change.
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Pallan, Miranda, Tania Griffin, Kiya L. Hurley, Emma Lancashire, Jacqueline Blissett, Emma Frew, Laura Griffith, et al. "Cultural adaptation of an existing children’s weight management programme: the CHANGE intervention and feasibility RCT." Health Technology Assessment 23, no. 33 (July 2019): 1–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta23330.
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BackgroundExcess weight in children is a continuing health issue. Community-based children’s weight management programmes have had some effect in promoting weight loss. Families from minority ethnic communities are less likely to complete these programmes but, to date, no programmes have been culturally adapted to address this.ObjectivesWe aimed to (1) culturally adapt an existing weight management programme for children aged 4–11 years and their families to make it more suited to Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities but inclusive of all families and (2) evaluate the adapted programme to assess its feasibility and acceptability, as well as the feasibility of methods, for a future full-scale trial.DesignIn phase I, a cultural adaptation of a programme that was informed by formative research and guided by two theoretical frameworks was undertaken and in phase II this adapted programme was delivered in a cluster-randomised feasibility study (for which the clusters were the standard and adapted children’s weight management programmes).SettingBirmingham: a large, ethnically diverse UK city.ParticipantsIn phase I, Pakistani and Bangladeshi parents of children with excess weight, and, in phase II, children aged 4–11 years who have excess weight and their families.InterventionsA culturally adapted children’s weight management programme, comprising six sessions, which was delivered to children and parents, targeting diet and physical activity and incorporating behaviour change techniques, was developed in phase I and delivered in the intervention arm to 16 groups in phase II. The eight groups in the comparator arm received the standard (unadapted) children’s weight management programme.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the proportion of Pakistani and Bangladeshi families completing (attending ≥ 60% of) the adapted programme. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of all families completing the adapted programme, the feasibility of delivery of the programme, the programme’s acceptability to participants, the feasibility of trial processes and the feasibility of collection of outcome and cost data.ResultsThe proportion of Pakistani and Bangladeshi families and all families completing the adapted programme was 78.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 64.8% to 88.2%] and 76.3% (95% CI 67.0% to 83.6%), respectively. The programme was feasible to deliver with some refinements and was well received. Ninety-two families participated in outcome data collection. Data collection was mostly feasible, but participant burden was high. Data collection on the cost of programme delivery was feasible, but costs to families were more challenging to capture. There was high attrition over the 6-month follow-up period (35%) and differential attrition in the two study arms (29% and 52% in the intervention and comparator arms, respectively).LimitationsThe study was not designed to address the issue of low participant uptake of children’s weight management programmes. The design of a future trial may include individual randomisation and a ‘minimal intervention’ arm, the acceptability of which has not been evaluated in this study.ConclusionsThe theoretically informed, culturally adapted children’s weight management programme was highly acceptable to children and families of all ethnicities. Consideration should be given to a future trial to evaluate clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the adapted programme, but the design of a future trial would need to address the logistics of data collection, participant burden and study attrition.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN81798055.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 23, No. 33. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. Kate Jolly is part-funded by the Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West Midlands.
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Riquier, Olivier, Anne Vuillemin, and Aurélie Van Hoye. "PERSISTE: a mixed methods protocol to identify barriers and levers to a sustainable physical activity practice among patients with chronic disease after physical activity resumption programs." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 2022): e001261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001261.
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Physical activity (PA) has evidence-based benefits for physical, social and mental health, but investigation of how PA interventions for patients with chronic disease affects their PA practice up to 1 year after programmes are rare. Moreover, few studies document how the context and intervention mechanisms of PA programmes affect sustainable PA practice and its determinants. The present protocol describes a mixed methods study comparing the effectiveness and conditions for the effectiveness of two PA resumption programmes (a hospital-led and a community-based programme). Using a comparative longitudinal study, 60 patients (3-month duration) will be followed for 1 year though four data collections: before (T0) and at the end (T1) of the intervention, 6 months (T2) and 1 year (T3) after the start of the programme. The primary outcome will be PA practice in min/week and categorised as light, moderate or vigorous (using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)), and secondary outcomes will include sedentary time in min/week (IPAQ), quality of life evaluated though the physical and mental composite scores (‘Medical Outcome Study Short Form 12’), and enjoyment using four statements rated from 1 to 5, a high score being synonymous of enjoyment (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory). Qualitative data on further determinants of PA practice and intervention mechanisms will be collected. The expected results will offer the opportunity to understand how the intervention context contributes to a more effective, sustainable PA practice. Trial registration number: NCT04954209.
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Bond, G. R., R. E. Drake, and A. Luciano. "Employment and educational outcomes in early intervention programmes for early psychosis: a systematic review." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 24, no. 5 (July 14, 2014): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796014000419.
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Aims.Young adults with early psychosis want to pursue normal roles – education and employment. This paper summarises the empirical literature on the effectiveness of early intervention programmes for employment and education outcomes.Methods.We conducted a systematic review of employment/education outcomes for early intervention programmes, distinguishing three programme types: (1) those providing supported employment, (2) those providing unspecified vocational services and (3) those without vocational services. We summarised findings for 28 studies.Results.Eleven studies evaluated early intervention programmes providing supported employment. In eight studies that reported employment outcomes separately from education outcomes, the employment rate during follow-up for supported employment patients was 49%, compared with 29% for patients receiving usual services. The two groups did not differ on enrolment in education. In four controlled studies, meta-analysis showed that the employment rate for supported employment participants was significantly higher than for control participants, odds ratio = 3.66 [1.93–6.93],p < 0.0001. Five studies (four descriptive and one quasi-experimental) of early intervention programmes evaluating unspecified vocational services were inconclusive. Twelve studies of early intervention programmes without vocational services were methodologically heterogeneous, using diverse methods for evaluating vocational/educational outcomes and precluding a satisfactory meta-analytic synthesis. Among studies with comparison groups, 7 of 11 (64%) reported significant vocational/education outcomes favouring early intervention over usual services.Conclusions.In early intervention programmes, supported employment moderately increases employment rates but not rates of enrolment in education. These improvements are in addition to the modest effects early programmes alone have on vocational/educational outcomes compared with usual services.
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Sorbring, Emma, Anette Bolin, and Jennie Ryding. "A Game-based Intervention – a technical tool for social workers to combat Adolescent Dating-Violence." Advances in Social Work 16, no. 1 (July 27, 2015): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/18260.
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Dating violence prevalence is increasing and effective prevention and intervention methods are needed in order to adress this growing social problem. The use of on-line game-based intervention programmes open ups new possibilities for social worker practice of interventions on a large scale. The purpose of this study was to examine young people´s experiences of a on line game-based intervention programme designed to adress dating-violence among youths. Swedish youths that took part in the intervention programme were interviewed in focus-groups. Results indicate that the use of a game as an intervention method for this socially sensitive topic was perceived as positive by the young people, seeing it as a new, engaging and interesting method. The findings from the study indicate that on-line game-based programme addressing dating violence between young people has the potential to be used as a technical tool in social work practice.
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Molina, Antonio, Jesús Saiz, Francisco Gil, María Luisa Cuenca, and Tamara Goldsby. "Psychosocial Intervention in European Addictive Behaviour Recovery Programmes: A Qualitative Study." Healthcare 8, no. 3 (August 13, 2020): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8030268.
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Background: The vulnerability of drug users in treatment increases their risk of social exclusion. Psychosocial interventions aim to solve or minimise this risk, increasing social integration for individuals in treatment. In this study, the effectiveness of various European drug recovery programmes was studied by examining psychosocial intervention groups with vulnerable populations. Methods: Research was conducted utilising qualitative methodology in the following manner: bibliographical review (reports and papers) and 18 interviews with key informants (from nine European countries). Results: Treatment programmes were found to be effective for recovery from opiate use, however, social recovery programmes were not found to be effective. For females in treatment and young drug users, the adequacy of programmes received medium-to-low evaluations. Conclusion: It is necessary to increase the effectiveness of psychosocial intervention in recovery-based programmes. In addition, the relevance of these programmes in relation to psychosocial characteristics of the various risk groups (except opioid consumers) should be validated and revisited. Additionally, psychosocial intervention professionals should take a more active role in such programmes, especially in intervention with young people (in health education, prevention, early detection, and intervention) and with women (in regard to the detection and effective intervention for socio-health problems, social and job reintegration, access inequality, and use of services available due to gender).
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Truong, V. Dao, X. Dam Dong, Stephen Graham Saunders, Quynh Pham, Hanh Nguyen, and Ngoc Anh Tran. "Measuring, evaluating, and documenting social marketing impact." Journal of Social Marketing 11, no. 3 (May 27, 2021): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-11-2020-0224.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine how social marketing intervention programmes to measure, evaluate and document social marketing impact. Design/methodology/approach A systematic review of 49 nutritional behaviour intervention programmes (2006–2020) was conducted. To examine the social marketing impact of the programmes, a logic model of social impact was used. The model comprises inputs (the resources used for an intervention programme), outputs (the direct products resulting from the use of resources), outcomes (short- to medium-term programme effects) and impacts (long-term programme effects on the individual, community or societal levels). Findings Most intervention programmes set the goal of encouraging their target audience to increase fruit and vegetable intake, choose healthy food items, drink less sugary beverages or consume low-fat diaries, while few others sought policy or systems change. Multiple criteria were used for impact evaluation (e.g. exposure and reach, changes in knowledge, awareness, attitudes, behaviours and body mass index). (Quasi) experiments were the most popular method used for impact measurement, followed by the pre-post model of impact. Positive changes were found in 33 programmes, often reported in terms of short-term outputs or outcomes. Long-term impact particularly on the broader societal level was not indicated. Originality/value This research offers a systematic review of how social marketing impact is measured, evaluated and documented. It also provides some guidance for social marketers on how to shift from a reductionist, behavioural outcome-focussed approach towards an “expansionist” impact approach that explicitly considers social marketing impacts on the quality of life of individuals, communities and societies.
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Boshoff, Pieter, and Herman Strydom. "EXPLORING PROGRAMMES TO SUPPORT POLICE OFFICIALS EXPOSED TO TRAUMA." Southern African Journal of Social Work and Social Development 27, no. 1 (December 22, 2015): 89–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2415-5829/779.
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As a result of the critical nature of police officers' work, it is of utmost importance that they have direct access to support. The efficacy of the present trauma intervention programmes in the South African Police Service (SAPS) is questioned, because despite the implementation of trauma intervention programmes, police officials still present high levels of acute and behavioural problems. A literature overview of proposed international trauma intervention approaches concentrating on both the psychological, behavioural and social factors affecting police officers exposed to trauma, as well as those models implemented by SAPS are discussed. The objective of this article is to critically appraise existing trauma intervention approaches to better understand, compare and extrapolate key elements of these approaches, and to reconfigure them into a comprehensive holistic psychosocial therapeutic trauma intervention programme for use among the police in South Africa. It was found that the cognitive behavioural therapy model (CBT), prolonged exposure (PE) and the eco-systemic perspective, which was specifically developed for social work, dispose some of the best elements to be reconfigured into a holistic psycho-social trauma intervention programme.
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Woodall, James, Jenny Woodward, Karl Witty, and Shona McCulloch. "An evaluation of a toothbrushing programme in schools." Health Education 114, no. 6 (September 30, 2014): 414–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-12-2013-0069.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of a toothbrushing intervention delivered in primary schools in Yorkshire and the Humber, a Northern district of England. The toothbrushing intervention was designed with the intention of improving the oral health of young children. The paper reports the effectiveness of the intervention and explores process issues related to its co-ordination and delivery. Design/methodology/approach – The evaluation had three data gathering approaches. These were: in-depth case studies of three selected schools participating in the toothbrushing programme; interviews with oral health promoters responsible for the programme in the district; and a small scale questionnaire-based survey which was sent to the 18 schools participating in the intervention. Findings – The intervention was accepted by children and they enjoyed participating in the toothbrushing scheme. Children had often become more knowledgeable about toothbrushing and the consequences of not regularly cleaning their teeth. The scheme was contingent on key staff in the school and the programme was more successful where school's embraced, rather than rejected the notion of improving children's health alongside educational attainment. Whether the intervention made differences to brushing in the home requires further investigation, but there is a possibility that children can act as positive “change agents” with siblings and other family members. Practical implications – This paper suggests that schools can be an effective setting for implementing toothbrushing interventions. Originality/value – Toothbrushing in schools programmes are a relatively new initiative that have not been fully explored, especially using qualitative approaches or focusing on the views of children. This paper makes a particular contribution to understanding the process and delivery of toothbrushing interventions delivered in primary schools. The implications for programmes outside of the UK context are discussed.
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Uehara, Misato, Makoto Fujii, Kazuki Kobayashi, and Keita Shiba. "Narrative-Based Disaster Learning Programmes Simultaneously Improve People’s Disaster Awareness Scores, Willingness to Pay and Settlement Preferences." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 6635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116635.
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Few studies currently examine the effect of different disaster informational programmes because conducting such intervention studies is challenging. By providing two types of online disaster learning programmes, this intervention study measured changes made to three different perspectives: (1) disaster preventive awareness scores, (2) willingness to pay for disaster information (WTP), and (3) settlement preferences (preferences for post-disaster recovery goals). The participants engaged with one of two different types of 45-min learning programmes—one created as a narrative-based disaster learning programme (N = 218) and the other presented as a collective information disaster learning programme (N = 201). Consequently, both disaster preparedness scores and WTP increased statistically after both styles of disaster preparedness programmes. Furthermore, the increase generated by the narrative programme was greater (2.2 times higher for WTP value and 1.72 times higher in WTP value-increased probability). In their preprogramme answer, people who selected safety and nature conservation for post-disaster recovery goals improved their awareness scores. Despite both programmes having the same theme and length, only the narrative learning programme had a beneficial—improvement odds ratio for all three perspectives. Thus, the narrative-based disaster learning (vicarious) experience simultaneously improved people’s disaster awareness scores, willingness to pay for disaster information, and settlement preferences for disaster prevention.
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García-Ceberino, Juan, Sebastián Feu, and Sergio Ibáñez. "Comparative Study of Two Intervention Programmes for Teaching Soccer to School-Age Students." Sports 7, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7030074.
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The objective of this study was to design and analyse the differences and/or similarities of two homogeneous intervention programmes (didactic units) based on two different teaching methods, Direct Instruction (DI) and Tactical Games Approach (TGA), for teaching school-age soccer. The sample was composed of 58 tasks, 29 for each intervention programme. The pedagogical and external Training Load (eTL) variables recorded in the Integral System for Training Tasks Analysis (SIATE) were studied. The two intervention programmes were compared using Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney U and the Adjusted Standardized Residuals statistical tests. Likewise, the strength of association of the variables under study was calculated using Cramer’s Phi and Cramer’s V coefficients. Both intervention programmes had the same number of tasks (n = 29), sessions (n = 12), game phases (x2 = 0.000; p = 1.000), specific contents (x2 = 5.311; p = 0.968) and didactic objectives, as well as different levels of eTL (U = 145.000; p = 0.000; d = 1.357); which are necessary requirements to be considered similar. The differences and/or similarities between both intervention programmes will offer teachers guidelines to develop different didactic units using the specific DI and TGA methodologies.
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Pawson, Ray, Trisha Greenhalgh, Gill Harvey, and Kieran Walshe. "Realist review - a new method of systematic review designed for complex policy interventions." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 10, no. 1_suppl (July 2005): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/1355819054308530.
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Evidence-based policy is a dominant theme in contemporary public services but the practical realities and challenges involved in using evidence in policy-making are formidable. Part of the problem is one of complexity. In health services and other public services, we are dealing with complex social interventions which act on complex social systems-things like league tables, performance measures, regulation and inspection, or funding reforms. These are not ‘magic bullets‘ which will always hit their target, but programmes whose effects are crucially dependent on context and implementation. Traditional methods of review focus on measuring and reporting on programme effectiveness, often find that the evidence is mixed or conflicting, and provide little or no clue as to why the intervention worked or did not work when applied in different contexts or circumstances, deployed by different stakeholders, or used for different purposes. This paper offers a model of research synthesis which is designed to work with complex social interventions or programmes, and which is based on the emerging ‘realist’ approach to evaluation. It provides an explanatory analysis aimed at discerning what works for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects and how. The first step is to make explicit the programme theory (or theories) - the underlying assumptions about how an intervention is meant to work and what impacts it is expected to have. We then look for empirical evidence to populate this theoretical framework, supporting, contradicting or modifying the programme theories as it goes. The results of the review combine theoretical understanding and empirical evidence, and focus on explaining the relationship between the context in which the intervention is applied, the mechanisms by which it works and the outcomes which are produced. The aim is to enable decision-makers to reach a deeper understanding of the intervention and how it can be made to work most effectively. Realist review does not provide simple answers to complex questions. It will not tell policy-makers or managers whether something works or not, but will provide the policy and practice community with the kind of rich, detailed and highly practical understanding of complex social interventions which is likely to be of much more use to them when planning and implementing programmes at a national, regional or local level.
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Navarro Schmidt, N., and N. Weymann. "Acceptance by patients of a web-based intervention for depressive symptoms." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72367-7.
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IntroductionAt present, 121 million worldwide suffer from a treatment-requiring depression. Treatment recommendations include pharmacotherapeutic and psychotherapeutic procedures. However, lacking resources in psychotherapy complicate the process of implementation. Therefore, researchers are increasingly working on computer-based psychotherapy programmes. But will these programmes be accepted by patients - and if yes, how would they use them?ObjectivesObtaining information on how patients assess and wish to use online psychotherapy programmes, using the example of the web-based programme “Deprexis”. The programme can be used to bridge waiting times, for phase-prophylactic purposes and to accompany the therapy. Based on elements of CBT, CBASP, IPT and ACT, clinical and scientific experts have developed this evidence-based intervention and positively evaluated it in an RCT (Meyer, B., Berger, T., Caspar, F., et al., 2009).AimsIn an online survey, the acceptance and desired use of the programme in the target group of patients were inquired.MethodsThe participants (N = 421) were interviewed regarding the application and acceptance of “Deprexis” as well as depressive symptoms and resulting functional restrictions (PHQ-9).ResultsThe participants had clinically relevant scores on the depression scale (average: 14.6 points). 93% wished to use an online programme. 42% assessed it as a low-threshold test for psychotherapy, 29% considered it a suitable tool for the bridging of waiting times. 17% even regarded it as a potential replacement for psychotherapy.ConclusionThe results indicate high acceptance within the target group and reveal fields of application as a complementary measure at various stages of the treatment process.
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Glasson, Colleen, Kathy Chapman, Tamara Wilson, Kristi Gander, Clare Hughes, Nayerra Hudson, and Erica James. "Increased exposure to community-based education and ‘below the line’ social marketing results in increased fruit and vegetable consumption." Public Health Nutrition 16, no. 11 (June 28, 2013): 1961–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013001614.
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AbstractObjectiveTo determine if localised programmes that are successful in engaging the community can add value to larger fruit and vegetable mass-media campaigns by evaluating the results of the Eat It To Beat It programme.DesignThe Eat It To Beat It programme is a multi-strategy intervention that uses community-based education and ‘below the line’ social marketing to increase fruit and vegetable consumption in parents. This programme was evaluated by a controlled before-and-after study with repeat cross-sectional data collected via computer-assisted telephone interviews with 1403 parents before the intervention (2008) and 1401 following intervention delivery (2011).SettingThe intervention area was the Hunter region and the control area was the New England region of New South Wales, Australia.SubjectsParents of primary school-aged children (Kindergarten to Year 6).ResultsThe programme achieved improvements in knowledge of recommended intakes for fruit and vegetables and some positive changes in knowledge of serving size for vegetables. Exposure to the programme resulted in a net increase of 0·5 servings of fruit and vegetables daily for those who recalled the programme compared with those who did not (P= 0·004). Increased intake of fruit and vegetables was significantly associated with increasing exposure to programme strategies.ConclusionsThe Eat It To Beat It programme demonstrates that an increase in consumption of fruit and vegetables can be achieved by programmes that build on the successes of larger mass-media and social-marketing campaigns. This suggests that funding for localised, community-based programmes should be increased.
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Goodyear-Smith, Felicity, Julia McPhee, Scott Duncan, and Grant Schofield. "Evaluation of a primary care - based programme designed to increase exercise and improve nutrition in patients at risk." Journal of Primary Health Care 6, no. 4 (2014): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc14312.
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INTRODUCTION: Evidence is limited regarding the effectiveness of brief interventions delivered through primary care to improve healthy living and increase physical activity. The Healthy As programme delivering brief interventions programmes in primary care to promote physical activity, improved nutrition and weight management was developed, implemented and assessed. This study aimed to identify aspects of the programme that worked well, those that presented problems or barriers, along with suggestions for improvement. METHODS: Three provider organisations in Auckland were contracted to deliver the Healthy As intervention in primary care settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with those delivering the risk assessments and providing the intervention from each provider organisation. A thematic analysis approach based on grounded theory was used to analyse the emerging key themes. FINDINGS: The emerging themes related to the holistic nature of the programme, its structure, resources used with participants, engagement of the providers with the participants, and whether the programme was effective in changing behaviour. CONCLUSION: Initial engagement of participants was found to be particularly important for the success of the Healthy As programme. For a patient-centred approach, good communication between the patient and health provider is required to facilitate shared decision-making and self-management prior to implementation of an intervention. Patients need to indicate whether they want help to make changes. Advice on healthy eating and exercise should not be given in isolation. Patients may also need help with mental health or other lifestyle issues before they can actively engage in exercise or weight reduction programmes. KEYWORDS: Exercise; general practice; health behavior; motivational interviewing; nutrition therapy; primary health care
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Iversen, PO, D. Marais, L. du Plessis, and M. Herselman. "Assessing nutrition intervention programmes that addressed malnutrition among young children in South Africa between 1994-2010." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 12, no. 50 (April 11, 2012): 5928–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.50.11005.
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Several nutrition intervention programmes have been implemented to alleviate malnutrition among young children in South Africa. However, both nationwide studies and smaller, region-based reports show that many of these programmes have failed to improve nutritional health among the target groups. This is an overview of the most important nutrition intervention programmes implemented in post -apartheid South Africa. It is based on data sampled between 1994 and 2010, and collected from HighWire Press and MEDLINE data bases, local journals, official reports as well as experience gathered over the past two decades. Abstracts and nutrition issues related to chronic and communicable and non-communicable diseases were not included. The main aim of the implemented supplementation programmes after the Second World War was to correct states of undernutrition. However, these efforts did not benefit the disadvantaged groups, particularly the coloureds and the blacks. Following the downfall of the apartheid regime, various nutrition intervention programmes have been implemented with varying degrees of success. These include health facility-based programmes, community-based programmes as well as nutrition promotion strategies. The more holistic approach of the Integrated Nutrition Programme since 1994 is commendable, but programmes have failed to restore adequate growth rates among the impoverished children. Most likely, the failures are not as a result of inappropriate policies and strategies or lack of knowledge about relevant solutions, but rather inadequate implementation and scale of the programmes. In order to ensure a satisfactory improvement in nutritional health in South Africa, the various programmes should undergo regular evaluations to identify pitfall s and shortcomings. The fight against undernutrition and hunger, which are rooted in poverty and social inequalities, remains a major challenge for the South African health authorities. Urgent scale-up of the current nutrition intervention programmes as well as evaluation of their implementation are needed, coupled with strategies for education, skills development, job creation and poverty alleviation.
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Cotton, Sue M., Marni Luxmoore, Gina Woodhead, Dianne D. Albiston, John F. M. Gleeson, and Patrick D. McGorry. "Group programmes in early intervention services." Early Intervention in Psychiatry 5, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-7893.2011.00277.x.
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Bonnier, C. "Évaluation des programmes d' ≪ intervention précoce ≫." Archives de Pédiatrie 14 (January 2007): S58—S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0929-693x(07)80013-3.
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Bougherara, Douadia, Gilles Grolleau, and Luc Thiébaut. "Programmes d’éco-étiquetage et intervention publique." Économie publique/Public economics, no. 26-27 (November 20, 2012): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/economiepublique.8792.
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Leff, Julian, Liz Kuipers, and Dominic Lam. "Engagement of relatives in intervention programmes." British Journal of Psychiatry 158, no. 4 (April 1991): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.4.571c.
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Tarrier, Nicholas. "Some Aspects of Family Interventions in Schizophrenia. I: Adherence to Intervention Programmes." British Journal of Psychiatry 159, no. 4 (October 1991): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.159.4.475.
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Although family intervention programmes to instruct relatives in management and coping skills are often effective in reducing schizophrenic relapse, many families either fail to be engaged or withdraw from treatment at an early stage. Some possible reasons for this are described and some suggestions for increasing adherence are made. Adherence with interventions may be viewed as a complex behaviour pattern, and factors increasing or decreasing the probability of such behaviour occurring and being maintained can and should be investigated to maximise the clinical potential of family intervention programmes.
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DOBASH, RUSSELL P., R. EMERSON DOBASH, KATE CAVANAGH, and RUTH LEWIS. "A Research Evaluation of British Programmes for Violent Men." Journal of Social Policy 28, no. 2 (April 1999): 205–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279499005589.
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In the last two decades there have been a number of social, medical and legal initiatives in the UK and elsewhere to provide assistance to women who suffer violence from their partner. The most recent innovations focus on responding to the men who perpetrate this violence. In this article we present the initial results of the first British study of programmes for violent men. The three-year study used a longitudinal method to compare the effects of two court mandated programmes with other, more orthodox, forms of criminal justice intervention (fines, admonishment, traditional probation, prison). Here we describe the men's programmes, locate the current study in the context of existing evaluations of similar programmes operating in North America, outline the methods employed, present the results of the post-hoc matching used to assess the probable effects of selection bias and using subsequent prosecutions and the accounts of women, compare the impact of different criminal justice interventions. The results indicate that twelve months after the criminal justice intervention a significant proportion of the Programme men had not subsequently been violent to their partner. This was in contrast to men sanctioned in other ways (the Other CJ group) who were much less likely to have changed their violent behaviour.
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Falloon, Ian R. H., John H. Coverdale, Tannis M. Laidlaw, Sally Merry, Robert R. Kydd, and Pierluigi Morosini. "Early intervention for schizophrenic disorders." British Journal of Psychiatry 172, S33 (June 1998): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000297638.
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Background Early detection and intervention in schizophrenic disorders is an important challenge for psychiatry.Method Review of literature on effective biomedical and psychosocial intervention strategies.Results Comprehensive programmes of drug and psychosocial interventions with adults who show early signs and symptoms of schizophrenic disorders may contribute to a lower incidence and prevalence of major episodes of schizophrenia. These programmes combine early detection of psychotic features by primary care services, with close liaison with mental health professionals. Long-term monitoring of signs of recurrence, with further intervention, appears essential to maintain these benefits.Conclusions Field trials demonstrate that effective early treatment strategies can be routinely applied in clinical practice.
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Loo, Benny Kai Guo, Koh Cheng Thoon, Jessica Hui Yin Tan, Karen Donceras Nadua, and Cristelle Chu-Tian Chow. "Supporting paediatric residents as teaching advocates: Changing students’ perceptions." Asia Pacific Scholar 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29060/taps.2020-5-3/oa2204.
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Introduction: Residents-as-teachers (RAT) programmes benefit both medical students and residents. However, common barriers encountered include busy clinical duties, congested lesson schedules and duty-hour regulations. Methods: The study aimed to determine if providing a structured teaching platform and logistic support, through the Paediatric Residents As Teaching Advocates (PRATA) programme, would enhance residents’ teaching competencies and reduce learning barriers faced by medical students. The programme was held over 23 months and participated by 502 medical students. Residents were assigned as intervention group tutors and conducted bedside teachings. The evaluation was performed by medical students using paper surveys with 5-point Likert scales at the start and end of the programme. Results: We found that students in the intervention groups perceived residents to be more competent teachers. The teaching competencies with the most significant difference were residents’ enthusiasm (intervention vs control: 4.34 vs 3.92), giving constructive feedback (4.23 vs 3.83) and overall teaching effectiveness (4.27 vs 3.89). Higher scores indicated better teaching competency. Similarly, the intervention groups perceived fewer barriers. More improvement was noted in the intervention groups with regards to busy ward work as a teaching barrier as the scores improved by 0.49, compared to 0.3 in the control groups. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that providing a structured teaching platform could enhance residents’ teaching competencies and logistic support could help overcome common barriers in RAT programmes. This combination could enhance future RAT programmes’ effectiveness.
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Emmerson, Kellie B., Katherine E. Harding, and Nicholas F. Taylor. "Home exercise programmes supported by video and automated reminders compared with standard paper-based home exercise programmes in patients with stroke: a randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 31, no. 8 (December 5, 2016): 1068–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215516680856.
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Objective: To determine whether patients with stroke receiving rehabilitation for upper limb deficits using smart technology (video and reminder functions) demonstrate greater adherence to prescribed home exercise programmes and better functional outcomes when compared with traditional paper-based exercise prescription. Design: Randomized controlled trial comparing upper limb home exercise programmes supported by video and automated reminders on smart technology, with standard paper-based home exercise programmes. Setting: A community rehabilitation programme within a large metropolitan health service. Subjects: Patients with stroke with upper limb deficits, referred for outpatient rehabilitation. Interventions: Participants were randomly assigned to the control (paper-based home exercise programme) or intervention group (home exercise programme filmed on an electronic tablet, with an automated reminder). Both groups completed their prescribed home exercise programme for four weeks. Main measures: The primary outcome was adherence using a self-reported log book. Secondary outcomes were change in upper limb function and patient satisfaction. Results: A total of 62 participants were allocated to the intervention ( n = 30) and control groups ( n = 32). There were no differences between the groups for measures of adherence (mean difference 2%, 95% CI −12 to 17) or change in the Wolf Motor Function Test log transformed time (mean difference 0.02 seconds, 95% CI −0.1 to 0.1). There were no between-group differences in how participants found instructions ( p = 0.452), whether they remembered to do their exercises ( p = 0.485), or whether they enjoyed doing their exercises ( p = 0.864). Conclusions: The use of smart technology was not superior to standard paper-based home exercise programmes for patients recovering from stroke. This trial design was registered prospectively with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Register, ID: ACTRN 12613000786796. http://www.anzctr.org.au/trialSearch.aspx
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Obichili, Mercy Ifeyinwa, Adaora Nancy Emehel, and Daniel Toochukwu Ezegwu. "The Use of Effective Development Communication Programmes in Abolishing Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in Southeast Nigeria." AURELIA: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2, no. 1 (January 24, 2023): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v2i1.223.
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This study examined the use of effective development communication programmes in abolishing the practice of female genital mutilation, (FGM) in south east Nigeria. The study aimed to examine the development communication programmes employed specially for combating and abolishing FGM in southeast Nigeria; to determine the extent to which these development communication programmes helped in combating and abolishing FGM in southeast Nigeria; and to identify the challenges associated with the use of development communication programmes in combating and abolishing FGM in southeast Nigeria. The descriptive survey method was used. Findings revealed that in as much as the practice of FGM has been on a visible decline over the years, development communication programme only existed in theory and never got to the grass root. It also found out that there was no awareness of and participation in the entire intervention programme. This study recommended that focus should be given to establishing increased awareness of intervention programme, which will only commence after there is a change in the perception of the practice of female genital mutilation (FGM), and ultimately lead to the achievement of the SDG by 2030.
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Batty, Elaine. "Learning and Soft Outcomes: Evidence from Intensive Intervention Projects." Social Policy and Society 13, no. 3 (June 20, 2013): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746413000286.
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Over the last decade there has been a clear focus on tackling disadvantage and transforming lives. A plethora of programmes such as Family Intervention Projects, Think Families Pathfinders and Intensive Intervention Projects have focussed on families meeting centrally determined quantifiable outcomes and have used this as a factor to judge the success or otherwise of intervention programmes. However, little attention, or indeed value, has been given to the learning that young people experience throughout the intervention period. The article argues that learning is a crucial component of intervention projects. Qualitative evidence from a longitudinal study is used to explore young people's engagement with an Intensive Intervention Programme. Using individual experiences, evidence suggests that continuous learning during engagement with Intensive Intervention Projects can lead to soft outcomes which enable future positive change in the lives of individuals.
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Howlin, Patricia. "Evaluating psychological treatments for children with autism-spectrum disorders." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 16, no. 2 (March 2010): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.109.006684.
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SummaryThe internet abounds with promises of ‘miracle cures’ for autism and within the published research literature there are numerous claims and counter-claims for the effectiveness of specific therapies. Systematic evaluations, however, indicate that few treatment programmes have a sound evidence base, and even those interventions that do produce positive findings are not successful for all children. To date, the best researched programmes are those involving intensive, early, home-based intervention, and those with a focus on communication and parent–child interaction. This article assesses the evidence base for some of the better evaluated therapies. There is, as yet, no evidence that any one programme is superior to all others. Indeed, large individual differences in response to intervention suggest that the focus of research now needs to shift to the study of which components of therapy work best for which children and under which conditions.
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Jolly, Kate, Tania Griffin, Manbinder Sidhu, Peymane Adab, Adrienne Burgess, Clare Collins, Amanda Daley, et al. "A weight management programme for fathers of children aged 4–11 years: cultural adaptation and the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids UK feasibility RCT." Public Health Research 8, no. 2 (February 2020): 1–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr08020.
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Background More men than women in the UK are living with overweight or obesity, but men are less likely to engage with weight loss programmes. Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids is an effective Australian weight management programme that targets fathers, who participate with their primary school-aged children. Behavioural interventions do not always transfer between contexts, so an adaptation of the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme to an ethnically diverse UK setting was trialled. Objectives To adapt and test the Australian Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme for delivery to men in an ethnically diverse, socioeconomically disadvantaged UK setting. Design Phase 1a studied the cultural adaptation of the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme and was informed by qualitative data from fathers and other family members, and a theoretical framework. Phase 1b was an uncontrolled feasibility trial. Phase 2 was a randomised controlled feasibility trial. Setting Two ethnically diverse, socioeconomically disadvantaged UK cities. Participants In phase 1a, participants were parents and family members from black and minority ethnic groups and/or socioeconomically deprived localities. In phases 1b and 2, participants were fathers with overweight or obesity and their children aged 4–11 years. Interventions The adapted Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids intervention comprised nine sessions that targeted diet and physical activity and incorporated joint father–child physical activity. Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids was delivered in two programmes in phase 1b and four programmes in phase 2. Those in the comparator arm in phase 2 received a family voucher to attend a local sports centre. Main outcome measures The following outcomes were measured: recruitment to the trial, retention, intervention fidelity, attendance, feasibility of trial processes and collection of outcome data. Results Forty-three fathers participated (intervention group, n = 29) in phase 2 (48% of recruitment target), despite multiple recruitment locations. Fathers’ mean body mass index was 30.2 kg/m2 (standard deviation 5.1 kg/m2); 60.2% were from a minority ethnic group, with a high proportion from disadvantaged localities. Twenty-seven (63%) fathers completed follow-up at 3 months. Identifying sites for delivery at a time that was convenient for the families, with appropriately skilled programme facilitators, proved challenging. Four programmes were delivered in leisure centres and community venues. Of the participants who attended the intervention at least once (n = 20), 75% completed the programme (attended five or more sessions). Feedback from participants rated the sessions as ‘good’ or ‘very good’ and participants reported behavioural change. Researcher observations of intervention delivery showed that the sessions were delivered with high fidelity. Conclusions The intervention was well delivered and received, but there were significant challenges in recruiting overweight men, and follow-up rates at 3 and 6 months were low. We do not recommend progression to a definitive trial as it was not feasible to deliver the Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids programme to fathers living with overweight and obesity in ethnically diverse, socioeconomically deprived communities in the UK. More work is needed to explore the optimal ways to engage fathers from ethnically diverse socioeconomically deprived populations in research. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN16724454. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 2. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Hamblin, David, and John Willcock. "Assessing the Likely Effectiveness of Intervention Programmes in Small Manufacturing Companies." Industry and Higher Education 13, no. 5 (October 1999): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000099101294654.
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The paper explores the feasibility of pre-intervention audit to test the likely effect of intervention programmes in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Four factors have been derived from theory: awareness, culture, communication network and management skills. These factors have been rated for each of eleven companies in a recent intervention programme and compared to the perceived success of the intervention. The cases suggest that a satisfactory rating on each factor is necessary for success rather than excellence in one or two.
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Roberts, Samantha, Eleanor Barry, Dawn Craig, Mara Airoldi, Gwyn Bevan, and Trisha Greenhalgh. "Preventing type 2 diabetes: systematic review of studies of cost-effectiveness of lifestyle programmes and metformin, with and without screening, for pre-diabetes." BMJ Open 7, no. 11 (November 2017): e017184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017184.
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ObjectiveExplore the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle interventions and metformin in reducing subsequent incidence of type 2 diabetes, both alone and in combination with a screening programme to identify high-risk individuals.DesignSystematic review of economic evaluations.Data sources and eligibility criteriaDatabase searches (Embase, Medline, PreMedline, NHS EED) and citation tracking identified economic evaluations of lifestyle interventions or metformin alone or in combination with screening programmes in people at high risk of developing diabetes. The International Society for Pharmaco-economics and Outcomes Research’s Questionnaire to Assess Relevance and Credibility of Modelling Studies for Informing Healthcare Decision Making was used to assess study quality.Results27 studies were included; all had evaluated lifestyle interventions and 12 also evaluated metformin. Primary studies exhibited considerable heterogeneity in definitions of pre-diabetes and intensity and duration of lifestyle programmes. Lifestyle programmes and metformin appeared to be cost effective in preventing diabetes in high-risk individuals (median incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of £7490/quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) and £8428/QALY, respectively) but economic estimates varied widely between studies. Intervention-only programmes were in general more cost effective than programmes that also included a screening component. The longer the period evaluated, the more cost-effective interventions appeared. In the few studies that evaluated other economic considerations, budget impact of prevention programmes was moderate (0.13%–0.2% of total healthcare budget), financial payoffs were delayed (by 9–14 years) and impact on incident cases of diabetes was limited (0.1%–1.6% reduction). There was insufficient evidence to answer the question of (1) whether lifestyle programmes are more cost effective than metformin or (2) whether low-intensity lifestyle interventions are more cost effective than the more intensive lifestyle programmes that were tested in trials.ConclusionsThe economics of preventing diabetes are complex. There is some evidence that diabetes prevention programmes are cost effective, but the evidence base to date provides few clear answers regarding design of prevention programmes because of differences in denominator populations, definitions, interventions and modelling assumptions.
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Erasmus, Charlene, Shernaaz Carelse, and Jessica Payne. "Fathers’ Experiences after their Exposure to a Fatherhood Intervention Programme." Southern African Journal of Social Work and Social Development 32, no. 1 (February 18, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/2415-5829/6691.
Full textAbstract:
Fatherhood intervention programmes seek to redress fundamental issues that prevent men from succeeding in their fathering role. An understanding and evidence of the influence of fatherhood interventions on the role of the father in the family are thus required. This study, conducted in South Africa, explored the perceptions and experiences of fathers and their partners after the fathers’ exposure to a fatherhood intervention programme. A qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews was utilised to this end. A thematic analysis was used to analyse the data and three main themes emerged from the analysis. The study found that fathers and their partners perceived and experienced the fathers to be more involved, responsible, and sharing in parenthood after exposure to the fatherhood intervention programme. This led to an increase of father involvement with children – childcare activities, schoolwork, the well-being of the children, and an increase in involvement in the home.
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Osman, Fatumo, Ulla-Karin Schön, Marie Klingberg-Allvin, Renée Flacking, and Malin Tistad. "The implementation of a culturally tailored parenting support programme for Somali immigrant parents living in Sweden—A process evaluation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (September 14, 2022): e0274430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274430.
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Background Parental support programmes aim to strengthen family functioning and the parent–child relationship and to promote the mental health of children and parents. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how parenting support programmes can be implemented for newly arrived immigrant parents. This process evaluation describes the implementation of a successful parenting programme for immigrant parents from Somalia and identifies key components of the implementation process with a focus on Reach, Adaptation, and Fidelity of Ladnaan intervention. Method This process evaluation considered context, implementation and mechanism of impact, in accordance with the Medical Research Council’s guidance. Data were collected through focus group discussions, a questionnaire, attendance lists, field and reflection notes and observations of the sessions. The data were then analysed using content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results Of the 60 parents invited to the parenting programme, 58 participated in the sessions. The study showed that involving key individuals in the early stage of the parenting programme’s implementation facilitated reaching Somali-born parents. To retain the programme participants, parents were offered free transportation. The programme was implemented and delivered as intended. A majority of the parents were satisfied with the programme and reported increased knowledge about children’s rights and the support they could seek from social services. Conclusions This study illustrates how a parenting support programme can be implemented for Somali-born parents and provides guidance on how to attract immigrant parents to and engage them in participating in parenting support programmes.