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Journal articles on the topic 'Intervention and prevention'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 February 2023

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1

Le Menestrel, Suzanne. "Preventing Bullying: Consequences, Prevention, and Intervention." Journal of Youth Development 15, no. 3 (June 9, 2020): 8–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2020.945.

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Bullying is considered to be a significant public health problem with both short- and long-term physical and social-emotional consequences for youth. A large body of research indicates that youth who have been bullied are at increased risk of subsequent mental, emotional, health, and behavioral problems, especially internalizing problems, such as low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and loneliness. Given the growing awareness of bullying as a public health problem and the increasing evidence of short- and long-term physical, mental, emotional, and behavioral health and academic consequences of bullying behavior, there have been significant efforts at the practice, program, and policy levels to address bullying behavior. This article summarizes a recent consensus report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Preventing Bullying Through Science, Policy, and Practice, and what is known about the consequences of bullying behavior and interventions that attempt to prevent and respond to it.

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Lemos, Marina Serra, Inês Areal Rothes, Filipa Oliveira, and Luisa Soares. "Raising cervical cancer awareness: Analysing the incremental efficacy of Short Message Service." Health Education Journal 76, no. 8 (September 14, 2017): 956–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896917728306.

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Objective: To evaluate the incremental efficacy of a Short Message Service (SMS) combined with a brief video intervention in increasing the effects of a health education intervention for cervical cancer prevention, over and beyond a video-alone intervention, with respect to key determinants of health behaviour change – knowledge, motivation and intention. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study design, comparing three conditions – control group, video intervention group and SMS + video intervention group. Participants were 144 Portuguese female college students allocated into one of the three experimental conditions. The effects of the health education interventions were assessed using a theoretically based multidimensional cancer prevention questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline and post-test. Results: Interventions significantly increased the key predictors of adhesion to cancer preventive behaviours. SMS contributed to increases in the expected directions. Evidence of the superiority in efficacy of the combined intervention (SMS + video) over the video-alone intervention was found for cervical cancer screening. Interventions were not as effective in improving intentions and more complex preventive practices such as sexual behaviour as they were in improving knowledge. Conclusion: Results are encouraging in that cervical cancer prevention knowledge and motivation appear modifiable via a one-session video preventive intervention. If, however, the development of intentions is an important predictor of effective behaviour change, study findings point to the added importance of an SMS-based strategy for improving specific cancer preventive behaviours. Findings reinforce the need for specific and tailored health education interventions according to the various determinants of behaviour change, as well as to the particular target behaviour with respect to cervical cancer prevention.

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Ubel, Peter A., Mark D. Spranca, Michael L. Dekay, John C. Hershey, and David A. Asch. "Public Preferences for Prevention versus Cure: What if an Ounce of Prevention is Worth Only an Ounce of Cure?" Medical Decision Making 18, no. 2 (January 1998): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272989x9801800202.

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Background. The belief that small preventive efforts bring large benefits may explain why many people say they value prevention above all other types of health care. However, it often takes a great deal of preventive medicine to prevent a bad outcome. This study explores whether people value prevention or cure more when each brings the same magnitude of benefit and examines whether preferences for prevention or cure vary according to the severity of the disability of the patients who can receive the preventive or curative intervention. Methods. 289 prospective jurors were presented with a policy dilemma involving how best to allocate funds to benefit people with varying levels of disability. Each project was said to influence the functional ability of 100 nursing home residents, either by improving their level of function or by preventing their level of function from declining. Results. When given a choice between preventive and curative interventions, more subjects preferred the preventive intervention (37% vs 21%, p = 0.002). However, when the strength of people's preferences was taken into account, the preference for preventive interventions was not statistically significant (p = 0.135). With both preventive and curative interventions, the subjects preferred helping patients with more severe disabilities (p < 0.005 for both comparisons). This preference for helping more severely disabled patients did not differ for prevention and cure (p = 0.663). Conclusion. When the magnitude of benefit was held constant, the subjects slightly preferred prevention over cure. In addition, they preferred directing limited resources toward those with greater disabilities, regardless of whether those resources were targeted toward prevention or cure. These findings suggest that previously stated preferences for prevention over cure may result from a belief that small efforts at prevention will be repaid by large reductions in the later need for cure.

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Vázquez, Fernando L., Lara López, Ángela J. Torres, Patricia Otero, Vanessa Blanco, Olga Díaz, and Mario Páramo. "Analysis of the Components of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for the prevention of Depression Administered via Conference Call to Nonprofessional Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062067.

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Effective and accessible interventions for indicated prevention of depression are necessary and lacking, especially for informal caregivers. Although telephone-based interventions could increase the accessibility for caregivers, randomized controlled trials are scarce, with no examination of prevention to date. Moreover, the efficacy of specific therapeutic components in preventive cognitive-behavioral programs is unknown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a telephone-administered psychological preventive intervention in informal caregivers with high depressive symptoms. A total of 219 caregivers were randomized to a cognitive-behavioral conference call intervention (CBCC, n = 69), a behavioral-activation conference call intervention (BACC, n = 70), or a usual care control group (CG, n = 80). Both interventions consisted of five 90-minute group sessions. At the post-intervention, incidence of depression was lower in CBCC and BACC compared to CG (1.5% and 1.4% vs. 8.8%). Relative risk was 0.17 for the CBCC and 0.16 for the BACC, and the number-needed-to-treat was 14 in both groups. Depressive symptoms were significantly lower in BACC and BACC groups compared to CG (d = 1.16 and 1.29), with no significant differences between CBCC and BACC groups. The conference call intervention was effective in preventing depression and the behavioral-activation component (BACC) was comparable to the CBCC intervention.

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Sadeghi, Reza, Fatemeh Baghernezhad Hesary, and Narges Khanjani. "A Systematic Review about Educational Interventions based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) aimed to prevent and control diabetes in Iran." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 11, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v11i1.1257.

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Background: Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic diseases in the world and a serious health problem, that requires comprehensive interventions. This systematic review was conducted to summarize educational interventions based on the Health Belief Model aimed to prevent and control diabetes. Methods: Searches were done on May 30, 2019 in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and IranMedex databases in English and Persian. The inclusion criteria included quantitative original interventional studies that aimed to control type 2 diabetes, and the intervention was based on the Health Belief Model. Studies done outside of Iran, interventions on other types of diabetes, non-interventional studies, and reviews were excluded. Results: Eventually, 13 studies (6 English and 7 Persian articles) entered this systematic review. The intervention durations were from 2 to 3 months. These studies fell into three broad categories: 1- Prevention of the disease 2- Improving Nutrition behaviors in patients 3-Prevention of disease complications or its progress. All of the educational interventions showed a positive effect for education on the prevention and control of diabetes. Conclusions: Interventions based on the HBM have shown an effective role in controlling and preventing diabetes.

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Sousa, Armando David, Cristina Lavareda Baixinho, Maria Helena Presado, and Maria Adriana Henriques. "The Effect of Interventions on Preventing Musculoskeletal Injuries Related to Nurses Work: Systematic Review." Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020185.

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Background: The 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders related to work (MDRW) in nurses rests between 71.8% to 84%, so it is urgent to develop preventive intervention programs with the purpose of avoiding negative physical, psychological, socioeconomic, and working aspects. There are several intervention programs aimed at preventing musculoskeletal disorders related to work for nurses, but few have successfully proven results. Despite the evidence pointing to the benefits of multidimensional intervention programs, it is essential to determine which interventions have positive effects on the prevention of this kind of disorder to create an effective intervention plan. Aim: This review intends to identify the different interventions adopted in the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders related to work in nurses and to compare the effectiveness of these interventions, providing the appropriate and scientific basis for building an intervention to prevent musculoskeletal disorders in nurses. Method: This Systematic Review was guided by the research question, “What are the effects of musculoskeletal disorders preventive interventions on nursing practice?” and carried out in different databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, SCOPUS, and Science Direct). Later, the results were submitted to the eligibility criteria, the appraisal quality of the papers, and the data synthesis was performed. Results: 13 articles were identified for analysis. The interventions implemented to control the risk were: training patient-handling devices; ergonomics education; involving the management chain; handling protocol/algorithms; acquiring ergonomics equipment; and no-manual lifting. Conclusions: The studies associated two or more interventions, the majority of which (11 studies) were training-handling devices and ergonomics education, therefore emerging as the most effective instruments in the prevention of MDRW. The studies did not associate interventions that cover all risk factors (individual, associated with the nature of the work, organizational, and psychological aspects). This systematic review can help with making recommendations for other studies that should associate organizational measures and prevention policies with physical exercise and other measures aimed at individual and psychosocial risk factors.

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Egel, Deborah, and Thomas M. Torino. "Violence Intervention Prevention." Journal of Addictions Nursing 17, no. 1 (2006): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10884600500505737.

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8

Hartung, William D. "Prevention, Not Intervention." World Policy Journal 19, no. 4 (2002): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/07402775-2003-1003.

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August-Brady, Michele. "Prevention as intervention." Journal of Advanced Nursing 31, no. 6 (June 2000): 1304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01465.x.

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10

Cole, Anna. "Prevention and intervention." SecEd 2017, no. 25 (September 21, 2017): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2017.25.7.

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Simm, Andreas, and Kaisu H. Pitkälä. "Prevention and intervention." Experimental Gerontology 48, no. 1 (January 2013): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2012.11.002.

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Auerbach, K. G. "Prevention and Intervention." Journal of Human Lactation 3, no. 1 (March 1987): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033448700300101.

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13

Soleman, Sitti Rahma, and Endrat Kartiko Utomo. "Suicide Prevention: Literature Review." Coping: Community of Publishing in Nursing 8, no. 4 (December 29, 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/coping.2020.v08.i04.p08.

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ABSTRACT Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Suicide is an intentional act to end life. Pharmacological, psychological, health education, family support and the media are proposed as effective measures to treat depression and suicide. However, these guidelines do not have sufficient evidence to prevent suicide so this is a challenge for the world of health, especially nursing. The aim of this review is to report the results of studies that focus on interventions undertaken for suicide prevention. The search method for relevant articles uses the database PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar using the keywords suicide prevention, suicide intervention, and suicide therapy. Nine articles were included in the literature review, covering various types of suicide intervention, frequency of intervention, and effects of intervention. This literature review identifies eight types of interventions that can be done to prevent suicide, namely ACT, CBT, SAFETY, SOS, ASSIP. The conclusion is that ACT, CBT, SAFETY, SOS, ASSIP interventions can be done to prevent suicide, by increasing knowledge, education, skills regarding suicide and awareness related to suicide and family participation are the main points of interventions that must be carried out to prevent suicide . Keywords: Prevention of suicide, suicide intervention, suicide therapy

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Gleeson, John. "Preventing Episode II: Relapse Prevention in First-Episode Psychosis." Australasian Psychiatry 13, no. 4 (December 2005): 384–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1665.2005.02198.x.

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Objective: This paper outlines a rationale for expanding research and clinical innovations focused upon relapse prevention following a first episode of psychosis. Some general principles for further progress are extracted from an overview of the first-episode psychosis (FEP) relapse literature. A cognitive behaviour therapy intervention for relapse prevention for FEP, that has been developed at the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, is described to illustrate these principles. Conclusions: Further progress is needed in refining interventions specific to the prevention of relapse following FEP. Future progress is dependent upon improved understanding of the interaction of biological, interpersonal and psychological processes underpinning relapse.

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Aini, K. "A Systematic Review of Suicide Prevention Strategies." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.155.

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BackgroundSuicide is one of the serious problems, which become ten causes of death in the world. An increased risk of suicide groups stimulates researchers to undertake the development of suicide prevention efforts with various approaches.ObjectivesTo examine evidence of suicide preventive interventions and to make recommendation for the further programs and research.MethodsFifteen identified systematic review articles were taken through an electronic search of the Cochrane library, McMaster health forum, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Suicidology online. They have been published between March 2008 until January 2015, using the keyword “suicide”, “self-harm”, “suicide prevention”, and “systematic review”. Criteria of this review include the type of intervention, intervention category, group intervention and intervention effectiveness.ResultsThe intervention was performed using a strategy of promotion, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of the target group of teenagers, sexual perversion, suicide risk groups, such as drug abuse, mental illness patients, a group of health workers and the general public. Effectiveness of therapy has different effects and requires a combination of an intervention strategy with other interventions to obtain optimal results.ConclusionThe strategies of suicide prevention which were identified by various intervention approaches given to the large population require more stringent controls and difficulty in performing evaluation. Furthermore, pharmacological and psychological therapies are recommended to reduce the suicide rate in more specific setting such as a hospital or mental health clinic.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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Junge, Astrid, Dieter Rösch, Lars Peterson, Toni Graf-Baumann, and Jiri Dvorak. "Prevention of Soccer Injuries: A Prospective Intervention Study in Youth Amateur Players." American Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 5 (September 2002): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465020300050401.

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Background: Risk factors for soccer injuries and possibilities for prevention have been discussed by several authors, but only a few have investigated the effectiveness of preventive interventions. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a prevention program on the incidence of soccer injuries in male youth amateur players. Study Design: Prospective controlled intervention study. Methods: Seven soccer teams took part in a prevention program that focused on education and supervision of coaches and players, while seven other teams were instructed to train and play soccer as usual. Over 1 year all injuries were documented weekly by physicians. Complete weekly injury reports were available for 194 players. Results: The incidence of injury per 1000 hours of training and playing soccer was 6.7 in the intervention group and 8.5 in the control group, which equates to 21% fewer injuries in the intervention group. The greatest effects were observed for mild injuries, overuse injuries, and injuries incurred during training. The prevention program had greater effects in low-skill than in high-skill teams. Conclusions: The incidence of soccer injuries can be reduced by preventive interventions, especially in low skill level youth teams. Coaches and players need better education regarding injury prevention strategies and should include such interventions as part of their regular training.

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IZARD, CARROLL E., SARAH FINE, ALLISON MOSTOW, CHRISTOPHER TRENTACOSTA, and JAN CAMPBELL. "Emotion processes in normal and abnormal development and preventive intervention." Development and Psychopathology 14, no. 4 (November 27, 2002): 761–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579402004066.

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We present an analysis of the role of emotions in normal and abnormal development and preventive intervention. The conceptual framework stems from three tenets of differential emotions theory (DET). These principles concern the constructs of emotion utilization; intersystem connections among modular emotion systems, cognition, and action; and the organizational and motivational functions of discrete emotions. Particular emotions and patterns of emotions function differentially in different periods of development and in influencing the cognition and behavior associated with different forms of psychopathology. Established prevention programs have not emphasized the concept of emotion as motivation. It is even more critical that they have generally neglected the idea of modulating emotions, not simply to achieve self-regulation, but also to utilize their inherently adaptive functions as a means of facilitating the development of social competence and preventing psychopathology. The paper includes a brief description of a theory-based prevention program and suggestions for complementary targeted interventions to address specific externalizing and internalizing problems. In the final section, we describe ways in which emotion-centered preventions can provide excellent opportunities for research on the development of normal and abnormal behavior.

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Mai, Thi Lan Anh, Trong Quan Dao, Thi Minh Thai Hoang, Manh Dung Nguyen, Thi Thu Huong Vo, and Thi Hanh Do. "Feasibility of a case-based educational intervention focusing on prevention of blood and body fluid exposure among nursing students." Tạp chí Khoa học Điều dưỡng 5, no. 1 (March 7, 2022): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.54436/jns.2022.1.424.

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Purpose: There was a relative lack of research regarding case-based educational interventions to improve blood and body ﬂuid exposure prevention practice among nursing students. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of a case-based educational intervention program and its effects with the expectation of improving students’ knowledge, attitude and practice of preventing blood and body ﬂuid exposure at Nam Dinh University of Nursing. Method: This study employed a one-group pre-posttest design. Convenience sampling was used to recruit through the target population to obtain 35 nursing students. Students’ blood and body ﬂuid exposure prevention knowledge questionnaire and Students’ self-reported exposure prevention behavior scale were used to collect data at three-time points. The case-based educational intervention was adapted from the intervention program by Thai et al. and intensively reviewed relevant literature about educational intervention studies in the prevention of ﬂuid and blood exposure. Results: The fndings revealed that the participants were recruited smoothly and attended completed intervention sessions with positive feedback. We found signifcant positive changes in students’ knowledge, attitude and practice of preventing blood and body ﬂuid exposure after receiving the intervention. Conclusion: The results provide evidence that the case-based educational intervention was feasible and of beneft to nursing students.

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Cicognani, Elvira. "La prevenzione dell'HIV con adolescenti "a rischio": come "raggiungere" e "coinvolgere" i giovani nei contesti extra-scolastici?" PSICOLOGIA DI COMUNITA', no. 2 (February 2009): 75–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psc2008-002009.

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- The paper discusses the issue of the difficulty to reach and involve the targets of preventive interventions, by taking as example a HIV prevention intervention aimed at out-ofschool adolescents and young people. Keywords: prevention, HIV, adolescents, action research, evaluation

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Hennessy, Erin, Christina D. Economos, Ross A. Hammond, Linda Booth Sweeney, Lisa Brukilacchio, Virginia R. Chomitz, Jessica Collins, et al. "Integrating Complex Systems Methods to Advance Obesity Prevention Intervention Research." Health Education & Behavior 47, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198119898649.

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Background. Whole-of-community interventions have been recommended and show promise for preventing obesity; however, research to understand the mechanisms underlying their success or failure is lacking. Complex systems approaches may be useful to address this gap. Purpose. To describe the evolution and utilization of qualitative and quantitative complex systems methods to understand and model whole-of-community obesity prevention interventions. Approach. We illustrate the retrospective qualitative development of a systems map representing community change dynamic within the Shape Up Somerville (SUS) intervention. We then describe how this systems map, and complementary work of other successful obesity prevention interventions (Romp & Chomp intervention), informed the COMPACT (childhood obesity modeling for prevention and community transformation) study. COMPACT’s design aligns complex systems science principles and community-engaged research to better understand stakeholders’ leadership roles in whole-of-community interventions. We provide an overview of the complex systems tools used in COMPACT: agent-based modeling, group model building, and social network analysis and describe how whole-of-community intervention stakeholders (“agents”) use their social networks to diffuse knowledge about and engagement with childhood obesity prevention efforts, laying the groundwork for community readiness for sustainable change. Conclusion. Complex systems approaches appear feasible and useful to study whole-of-community obesity prevention interventions and provide novel insights that expand on those gained from traditional approaches. Use of multiple methods, both qualitative and quantitative, from the complex systems toolkit working together can be important to success.

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Kelley, Roger E. "Stroke prevention and intervention." Postgraduate Medicine 103, no. 2 (February 1998): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3810/pgm.1998.02.353.

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Oldham, John M. "Prevention and Early Intervention." Psychiatric News 46, no. 17 (September 2, 2011): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/pn.46.17.psychnews_46_17_3.

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McCarty, Heidi, and Lynne Chalmers. "Bibliotherapy Intervention and Prevention." TEACHING Exceptional Children 29, no. 6 (July 1997): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004005999702900603.

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&NA;. "Prevention and Early Intervention." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 16, no. 2 (April 1995): 112???119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199504000-00009.

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Kelloway, E. Kevin. "Prevention, Intervention and Accommodation." Organizational Dynamics 48, no. 3 (July 2019): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2019.03.005.

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Sundberg, Norman D. "Prevention and Early Intervention." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 183, no. 6 (June 1995): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199506000-00012.

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Johnson, Knowlton, Matthew Courser, Harold Holder, Brenda Miller, Kristen Ogilvie, Roland Moore, David Collins, Bob Saltz, Diane Ogilvie, and Brian Saylor. "A Community Prevention Intervention to Reduce Youth from Inhaling and Ingesting Harmful Legal Products." Journal of Drug Education 37, no. 3 (September 2007): 227–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/de.37.3.b.

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Youth use of harmful legal products, including inhaling or ingesting everyday household products, prescription drugs, and over-the-counter drugs, constitutes a growing health problem for American society. As such, a single targeted approach to preventing such a drug problem in a community is unlikely to be sufficient to reduce use and abuse at the youth population level. Therefore, the primary focus of this article is on an innovative, comprehensive, community-based prevention intervention. The intervention described here is based upon prior research that has a potential of preventing youth use of alcohol and other legal products. It builds upon three evidence-based prevention interventions from the substance abuse field: community mobilization, environmental strategies, and school-based prevention education intervention. The results of a feasibility project are presented and the description of a planned efficacy trial is discussed.

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Surbakti, Elisabeth, Yusrawati Hasibuan, and Rina Pasaribu. "The Effectiveness of Local-Leader-Based Social Interventions on Knowledge and Attitudes of Early Marriage among Mother Who Have Teenage Children." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 10, E (March 6, 2022): 1215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8544.

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Abstract. Introduction. Early marriage causes pregnancy and early delivery with complications of pregnancy, childbirth, low birth weight, and stunting and has an impact on high maternal and child mortality rates. Local leader-based social intervention for parents with adolescents can increase knowledge and attitudes in preventing early marriage. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of social interventions by community leaders on the knowledge, attitudes of mothers, and young women. Methode. The study was conducted in the district of Deliserdang, subdistrict Percut Sei Tuan, Sumatera Utara province,Indonesia. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional interventional study with baseline survey and repeat surveys to evaluate the effectiveness of social interventions by community leaders on the knowledge, attitudes of mothers, and young women. Fifteen participants local leaders from the community were trained to provide early marriage prevention education. The training was carried out for two days. After the training, the researchers assisted for 2 weeks in conducting early marriage prevention education to the community. After mentoring, each participant carried out early marriage prevention education independently. 308 for adolescents and parents (154 in the intervention group and 154 in the control group) were selected by systematic sampling to assess the effectiveness. Data was collected using a questioner and analyzed by Mann Whitney test. Result. Social intervention by local leaders as agents of change in the community for six months and controls were given leaflets for adolescents and parents, indicating that interventions carried out by community leaders were more effective in increasing the knowledge and attitudes of parents and young women compared to giving leaflets (p-value <0.05). Conclusion. Social intervention based on local leaders is more effectively used as a method of early marriage prevention education.

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Capra, Maria Elena, Cristina Pederiva, Claudia Viggiano, Raffaella De Santis, Giuseppe Banderali, and Giacomo Biasucci. "Nutritional Approach to Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease in Childhood." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 10, 2021): 2359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072359.

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Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is a major mortality and morbidity cause in adulthood worldwide. The atherosclerotic process starts even before birth, progresses through childhood and, if not stopped, eventually leads to CHD. Therefore, it is important to start prevention from the earliest stages of life. CHD prevention can be performed at different interventional stages: primordial prevention is aimed at preventing risk factors, primary prevention is aimed at early identification and treatment of risk factors, secondary prevention is aimed at reducing the risk of further events in those patients who have already experienced a CHD event. In this context, CHD risk stratification is of utmost importance, in order to tailor the preventive and therapeutic approach. Nutritional intervention is the milestone treatment in pediatric patients at increased CHD risk. According to the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease theory, the origins of lifestyle-related disease is formed in the so called “first thousand days” from conception, when an insult, either positive or negative, can cause life-lasting consequences. Nutrition is a positive epigenetic factor: an adequate nutritional intervention in a developmental critical period can change the outcome from childhood into adulthood.

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Kuk, Jennifer L., Shahnaz Davachi, Andrea M. Kriska, Michael C. Riddell, and Edward W. Gregg. "Pre-Diabetes Detection and Intervention for High Risk Communities." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, s3 (January 2010): S327—S340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.s3.s327.

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This article briefly summarizes the “Pre-Diabetes Detection and Intervention Symposium” that described ongoing and past pre-diabetes interventions, and outlined some considerations when deciding to target specific populations with pre-diabetes. The success of type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention clinical trials provides clear evidence that healthy lifestyle change can prevent the development of T2D in a cost effective manner in high risk individuals. However, who to target and what cut-points should be used to identify individuals who would qualify for these T2D prevention programs are not simple questions. More stringent cut-offs are more efficient in preventing T2D, but less equitable. Interventions will likely need to be adapted and made more economical for local communities and health care centers if they are to be adopted universally. Further, they may need to be adapted to meet the specific needs of certain high-risk populations such as ethnic minorities. The Chronic Disease Management & Prevention Program for Diverse Populations in Alberta and the Pre-diabetes Detection and Physical Activity Intervention Delivery project in Toronto represent 2 examples of specialized interventions that are targeted at certain high risk populations. To reverse the current T2D trends will require continued efforts to develop and refine T2D prevention interventions.

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Curtis, Michael J., Vicki A. Curtis, and Janet L. Graden. "Prevention and Early Intervention through Intervention Assistance Programs." School Psychology International 9, no. 4 (November 1988): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143034388094003.

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Emshoff, James G., and Ann W. Price. "Prevention and Intervention Strategies With Children of Alcoholics." Pediatrics 103, Supplement_2 (May 1, 1999): 1112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.103.s2.1112.

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Objective. This article was designed to give pediatricians a basic knowledge of the needs of children who live in families with alcoholism. It briefly presents issues involved in the identification and screening of such individuals and provides primary attention to a variety of preventive and treatment strategies that have been used with school children of alcoholics (COAs), along with evidence of their effectiveness. Methodology. A literature search including both published and unpublished descriptions and evaluations of interventions with COAs. Results. The scope and nature of the problems of growing up in an alcoholic home are presented. The risk and protective factors associated with this population have been used as a foundation for preventive and treatment interventions. The most common modality of prevention and intervention programs is the short-term small group format. Programs for COAs should include the basic components of information, problem- and emotion-focused coping skills, and social and emotional support. Physicians are in a unique position to identify and provide basic services and referrals for COAs. School settings are the most common intervention sites, but family and broad-based community programs also have shown promise in alcohol and other drug prevention. Conclusions. Several COA interventions have demonstrated positive results with respect to a variety of measures including knowledge of program content, social support, coping skills, and emotional functioning. Rigorous studies are needed to understand better the complex ways children deal with parental alcoholism. A need remains for empirically sound evaluations and for the delineation of research findings.

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Kanekar, Amar, and Manoj Sharma. "Tobacco Prevention Interventions in Adolescents." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 5, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v5i3.1258.

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Tobacco use is a major public health problem in our society. Tobacco addiction begins in adolescence and majority of smokers start using tobacco in the age group between 11-13 years. There are a number of tobacco prevention strategies targeted towards the youth such as school-based educational interventions, community-based interventions, advertising restrictions on tobacco use, youth access restrictions and public health education. The purpose of this article is to review smoking prevention educational interventions in adolescents conducted either in the school or community setting. In order to collect the materials for the study, a search of CINAHL, MEDLINE and ERIC databases was conducted for the time period 1985-2006. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Eight out of the 15 interventions were targeted towards students in grades 6-7 which makes sense as majority of the adolescents start using tobacco in the age group 11-13 years. Nine out of 15 interventions reviewed did not use any behavioral theory. The six articles that used theory used social learning theory, community organizing theory, transactional and systems theory of environmental change and some constructs from transtheoretical model. There is need to explicitly reify behavioral theories by tobacco prevention interventions. Characteristics of the length of the intervention, personnel conducting the intervention, types of activities included in the interventions, and process evaluation results are discussed in the article. Recommendations for developing future educational interventions for preventing tobacco use in adolescents are discussed.

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Chanen, Andrew M., and Louise McCutcheon. "Prevention and early intervention for borderline personality disorder: current status and recent evidence." British Journal of Psychiatry 202, s54 (January 2013): s24—s29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119180.

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SummaryBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a leading candidate for developing empirically based prevention and early intervention programmes because it is common in clinical practice, it is among the most functionally disabling of all mental disorders, it is often associated with help-seeking, and it has been shown to respond to intervention, even in those with established disorder. Moreover, it can be reliably diagnosed in its early stages and it demarcates a group with high levels of current and future morbidity and mortality. Data also suggest considerable flexibility and malleability of BPD traits in youth, making this a key developmental period during which to intervene. Novel indicated prevention and early intervention programmes have shown that BPD in young people responds to intervention. Further work is required to develop appropriate universal and selective preventive interventions.

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Adebiyi, Babatope O., Ferdinand C. Mukumbang, and Charlene Erasmus. "The Distribution of Available Prevention and Management Interventions for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (2007 to 2017): Implications for Collaborative Actions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 25, 2019): 2244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122244.

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The global prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) remains high despite the various preventive and management interventions that have been designed and implemented to tackle the issue in various settings. The aim of the scoping review is to identify and classify prevention and management interventions of FASD reported globally across the life span and to map the concentration of these interventions across the globe. We searched some selected databases with predefined terms. Framework and narrative approaches were used to synthesize and report on the findings. Thirty-two prevention intervention studies and 41 management interventions studies were identified. All the interventions were reported to be effective or showed promising outcomes for the prevention and management of FASD, except four. Although Europe and Africa have a relatively higher prevalence of FASD, the lowest number of interventions to address FASD were identified in these regions. Most of the interventions for FASD were reported in North America with comparatively lower FASD prevalence. The uneven distribution of interventions designed for FASD vis-à-vis the burden of FASD in the different regions calls for a concerted effort for knowledge and intervention sharing to enhance the design of contextually sensitive preventive and management policy in the different regions.

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Caldwell, Deborah M., Sarah R. Davies, Joanna C. Thorn, Jennifer C. Palmer, Paola Caro, Sarah E. Hetrick, David Gunnell, et al. "School-based interventions to prevent anxiety, depression and conduct disorder in children and young people: a systematic review and network meta-analysis." Public Health Research 9, no. 8 (July 2021): 1–284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr09080.

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Background Schools in the UK increasingly have to respond to anxiety, depression and conduct disorder as key causes of morbidity in children and young people. Objective The objective was to assess the comparative effectiveness of educational setting-based interventions for the prevention of anxiety, depression and conduct disorder in children and young people. Design This study comprised a systematic review, a network meta-analysis and an economic evaluation. Data sources The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE™ (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), PsycInfo® (American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, USA) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched to 4 April 2018, and the NHS Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) was searched on 22 May 2019 for economic evaluations. No language or date filters were applied. Main outcomes The main outcomes were post-intervention self-reported anxiety, depression or conduct disorder symptoms. Review methods Randomised/quasi-randomised trials of universal or targeted interventions for the prevention of anxiety, depression or conduct disorder in children and young people aged 4–18 years were included. Screening was conducted independently by two reviewers. Data extraction was conducted by one reviewer and checked by a second. Intervention- and component-level network meta-analyses were conducted in OpenBUGS. A review of the economic literature and a cost–consequence analysis were conducted. Results A total of 142 studies were included in the review, and 109 contributed to the network meta-analysis. Of the 109 studies, 57 were rated as having an unclear risk of bias for random sequence generation and allocation concealment. Heterogeneity was moderate. In universal secondary school settings, mindfulness/relaxation interventions [standardised mean difference (SMD) –0.65, 95% credible interval (CrI) –1.14 to –0.19] and cognitive–behavioural interventions (SMD –0.15, 95% CrI –0.34 to 0.04) may be effective for anxiety. Cognitive–behavioural interventions incorporating a psychoeducation component may be effective (SMD –0.30, 95% CrI –0.59 to –0.01) at preventing anxiety immediately post intervention. There was evidence that exercise was effective in preventing anxiety in targeted secondary school settings (SMD –0.47, 95% CrI –0.86 to –0.09). There was weak evidence that cognitive–behavioural interventions may prevent anxiety in universal (SMD –0.07, 95% CrI –0.23 to 0.05) and targeted (SMD –0.38, 95% CrI –0.84 to 0.07) primary school settings. There was weak evidence that cognitive–behavioural (SMD –0.04, 95% CrI –0.16 to 0.07) and cognitive–behavioural + interpersonal therapy (SMD –0.18, 95% CrI –0.46 to 0.08) may be effective in preventing depression in universal secondary school settings. Third-wave (SMD –0.35, 95% CrI –0.70 to 0.00) and cognitive–behavioural interventions (SMD –0.11, 95% CrI –0.28 to 0.05) incorporating a psychoeducation component may be effective at preventing depression immediately post intervention. There was no evidence of intervention effectiveness in targeted secondary, targeted primary or universal primary school settings post intervention. The results for university settings were unreliable because of inconsistency in the network meta-analysis. A narrative summary was reported for five conduct disorder prevention studies, all in primary school settings. None reported the primary outcome at the primary post-intervention time point. The economic evidence review reported heterogeneous findings from six studies. Taking the perspective of a single school budget and based on cognitive–behavioural therapy intervention costs in universal secondary school settings, the cost–consequence analysis estimated an intervention cost of £43 per student. Limitations The emphasis on disorder-specific prevention excluded broader mental health interventions and restricted the number of eligible conduct disorder prevention studies. Restricting the study to interventions delivered in the educational setting may have limited the number of eligible university-level interventions. Conclusions There was weak evidence of the effectiveness of school-based, disorder-specific prevention interventions, although effects were modest and the evidence not robust. Cognitive–behavioural therapy-based interventions may be more effective if they include a psychoeducation component. Future work Future trials for prevention of anxiety and depression should evaluate cognitive–behavioural interventions with and without a psychoeducation component, and include mindfulness/relaxation or exercise comparators, with sufficient follow-up. Cost implications must be adequately measured. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016048184. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 9, No. 8. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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Silva, Eni Hilario, Maria Clara Padoveze, Arnaldo Toyokazu Tanaka, Raquel Carneiro Machado Higa, and Lubiana Guilherme Americo Cavalcante. "Evaluation of occupational tuberculosis prevention in a brazilian hospital." Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste 16, no. 4 (August 4, 2015): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.15253/2175-6783.2015000400012.

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To assess the institutional processes for preventing occupational tuberculosis. Methods: this is a quasi-experimental research in a pre and post-intervention model (3 phases), conducted in a Brazilian hospital. They used specific quality indicators for assessment structure (physical and educational resources) and process (52 direct observations of compliance to the use of N95 mask at each stage). Results: the compliance rates were 33.0% and 94.2% in the pre-intervention phase; and 44% and 100% in the post-intervention phase, respectively, for structure and process. The interventions designed from the initial results of indicators (pre-intervention phase) were structural and educational. Conclusion: there was an improvement of the indicators in the post-intervention phase from the interventions performed, which contributed to improved quality of service.

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Lauby, Jennifer, Lynne Kotranski, Kelly Feighan, Karyn Collier, Salaam Semaan, and Joan Halbert. "Effects of Intervention Attrition and Research Attrition on the Evaluation of an HIV Prevention Program." Journal of Drug Issues 26, no. 3 (July 1996): 663–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204269602600310.

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Attrition impacts the effectiveness of preventive interventions as well as the external validity of efficacy analyses. This paper examines attrition from the intervention and from the research data collection in an HIV prevention program for out-of-treatment drug users. Of the 1,115 respondents, 87% completed the two-session HIV prevention intervention and of these 69% completed the 6-month data collection. Factors related to completing the intervention were different from those related to completing the 6-month interview. Completing the intervention was associated with HIV risk behaviors and with having a negative result on the project's HIV test, whereas research completion was related to indicators of a stable lifestyle. Individuals at highest risk were less likely to complete the data collection and so were under-represented in the assessment of intervention efficacy. These results have implications for program planners and evaluators.

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Tran, Thi Hoa Vi, and Thanh Liem Vo. "Impact of quaternary prevention as a brief intervention in medical students’ clinical decisions: experience from Vietnam." Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade 10, no. 35 (June 24, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc10(35)1119.

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Objective: to evaluate undergraduate medical students’ clinical decision-making process after a brief intervention lecture on quaternary prevention (P4). Methods: quantitative self-controlled intervention study carried out with fifth-year medical students of Pham Ngoc Thach University, Hochiminhcity, Vietnam. The medical students were asked to list their eventual interventions based on three different simulated clinical scenarios. The survey was conducted before and after the intervention. Student’s propositions were classified into one of the four groups of prevention, according to Jamoulle’s model. Results: 115 students participated, resulting in 211 answered sheets. The interventions proposed by the students were mostly centered on prevention groups 1, 2 and 3; the three clinical scenarios partially explained student’s intentions of counseling, screening and palliative care. Comparing the data of second phase survey, the intervention was associated with changes in students’ aptitude on clinical decision-making, which was especially more important for prevention group 1 (OR = 7.5) and prevention group 4 (OR = 30.05). There was no statistically significant difference in changing students’ decision for prevention group 2 (OR = 0.95 p = 0.466) and prevention group 3 (OR = 2.29 p = 0.932). Conclusion: introducing quaternary prevention to the undergraduate medical course can help to steer clinical decisions toward primary prevention and to avoid inappropriate medical interventions.

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Sullivan, Arthur P., Robert Guglielmo, and Levander Lilly. "Evaluating Prevention and Intervention Procedures." Journal of Drug Education 16, no. 1 (March 1986): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9w4t-n23g-t4fa-2jnn.

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The process-outcome research and evaluation paradigm applied to alcohol and substance abuse prevention and intervention programs is stated. Its application to efforts to improve students' and patients' self-esteem is shown to be deficient in certain aspects, and additions to the evaluation procedures, most notably analysis of in-session change, is advocated.

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Anderson, Josephine, Philip B. Mitchell, and Henry Brodaty. "Suicidality: prevention, detection and intervention." Australian Prescriber 40, no. 5 (October 3, 2017): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2017.058.

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Haskins, Ron. "Prevention and Intervention in Infancy." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 35, no. 2 (February 1990): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/028285.

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Schwartz-Borden, Gwen. "Grief Work: Prevention and Intervention." Social Casework 67, no. 8 (October 1986): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438948606700807.

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Bereaved persons are vulnerable to depression, family strife, somatic problems, and substance or alcohol abuse. Coping with a loved one's death and establishing new relationships are part of the grieving process. The methods used to help the bereaved repair their lives are discussed.

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Nazarko, Linda. "Falls prevention: assessment and intervention." British Journal of Healthcare Assistants 6, no. 5 (May 2012): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2012.6.5.230.

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Woodhead, Martin, Allison James, and Nigel Thomas. "EDITORIAL: Deprivation, Intervention and Prevention." Children & Society 22, no. 2 (January 31, 2008): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-0860.2007.00138.x.

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Toole, James F. "Vitamin intervention for stroke prevention." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 203-204 (November 2002): 121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-510x(02)00265-4.

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Livingston, Gill, Andrew Sommerlad, Vasiliki Orgeta, Sergi G. Costafreda, Jonathan Huntley, David Ames, Clive Ballard, et al. "Dementia prevention, intervention, and care." Lancet 390, no. 10113 (December 2017): 2673–734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31363-6.

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Ogden, Terje, Wim Beyers, and Silvia Ciairano. "Intervention and prevention with adolescents." Journal of Adolescence 32, no. 6 (December 2009): 1343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.10.004.

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England, Mary Jane, and Robert F. Cole. "Prevention as targeted early intervention." Administration and Policy in Mental Health 19, no. 3 (January 1992): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00707442.

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GALSWORTHY, THERESA D. "Osteoporosis: Statistics, Intervention, and Prevention." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 736, no. 1 Forging a Wom (December 1994): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb12828.x.

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