Relevant bibliographies by topics / Interstitial gap

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Interstitial gap'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Interstitial gap"

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Igumbor, Emmanuel, Ezekiel Omotoso, and Walter Ernst Meyer. "Ab Initio Study of MgTe Self-Interstitial (Mgi and Tei): A Wide Band Gap Semiconductor." Nano Hybrids and Composites 16 (June 2017): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.16.47.

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We present results of defect formation energies and charge state thermodynamic transition levels of Mg and Te interstitials in MgTe wurzite structure. We use the generalized gradient approximation and local density approximation functionals in the framework of density functional theory for all calculations. The formation energies of the Mg and Te interstitials in MgTe for both the tetrahedral and hexagonal configurations were obtained. The Mg and Te interstitials in MgTe depending on the functional, introduced transition state levels that are either donor or acceptor within the band gap of the MgTe. The Te interstitial exhibit charge states controlled metastability, negative-U and DX centre properties. The Mg interstitial acts as deep or shallow donor and there is no evidence of acceptor levels found for the Mg interstitial.
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Gao, Fei, Eric J. Bylaska, and William J. Weber. "Defect Properties in GaN: Ab Initio and Empirical Potential Calculations." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3087–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3087.

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The defect properties and atomic configurations in GaN have been comparatively investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics method with two representative potentials. The DFT calculations show that the relaxation of vacancies is generally small, but the relaxation around antisite defects is large. The N interstitials, starting from any possible configurations, eventually relax into a N+-N< 0 2 11 > split interstitial. In the case of Ga interstitials, the most stable configuration is a Ga octahedral interstitial, but the Ga+-Ga< 0 2 11 > split interstitial can bridge the gap between non-bounded Ga atoms. The formation energies of vacancies and antisite defects obtained using the Stillinger-Weber potential (SW) are in reasonable agreement with those obtained by DFT calculations, whereas the Tersoff-Brenner (TB) potential better describes the behavior of N interstitials.
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Xu, Yan, Junda Hu, Duygu Elif Yilmaz, and Sebastian Bachmann. "Connexin43 is differentially distributed within renal vasculature and mediates profibrotic differentiation in medullary fibroblasts." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 320, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): F17—F30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00453.2020.

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Connexins (Cxs) form gap junctions for intercellular exchange of inorganic ions and messenger molecules. In the kidney, Cxs play essential roles within its compartments, but data on the precise cellular localization and cell type-related function of their isoforms are scarce. We tested whether Cx43 distribution is restricted to vascular and interstitial cells and whether medullary fibroblasts express Cx43 to coordinate profibrotic signaling. Confocal immunofluorescence techniques, ultrastructural labeling, and functional experiments in cell culture were performed. Cx43 was chiefly expressed in the vasculature but was absent from tubular epithelia. All arterial, arteriolar, and lymphatic endothelia showed continuous Cx43 signal along their borders. In the inner medulla, only the interstitium showed Cx43 signals, which were assigned to fibroblasts and their processes. Cultured Cx43-expressing medullary fibroblasts served to study the role of gap junctions in a profibrotic context. In a dye spreading assay, Cx43-sensitive diffusion of Lucifer yellow was dependent on gap junctional passage. The addition of transforming growth factor-β1 (5 ng/mL for 48 h) activated Cx43 biosynthesis and caused Cx43-sensitive transformation of the fibroblasts into a myofibroblast phenotype. This suggested that Cx43 gap junctional channels enable the coordination of profibrotic signaling between cells of the medullary interstitium. In summary, we demonstrate the presence of Cx43-expressing gap junctions within the two major renal compartments, the vasculature and interstitium. Endothelial Cx43 likely provides functions of an earlier-defined “electrical syncytium” within the vascular wall. Additionally, Cx43 facilitates profibrotic signaling between medullary interstitial fibroblasts.
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Clerjaud, B., D. Côte, W. ‐S Hahn, D. Wasik, and W. Ulrici. "Donor level of interstitial hydrogen in GaP." Applied Physics Letters 60, no. 19 (May 11, 1992): 2374–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107030.

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Daniel, E. E., V. Posey-Daniel, L. P. Jager, I. Berezin, and J. Jury. "Structural effects of exposure of smooth muscle in sucrose gap apparatus." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 252, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): C77—C87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1987.252.1.c77.

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Structural changes were studied over time of a smooth muscle tissue (opossum esophagus circular muscle) exposed in various compartments of a functioning single sucrose gap. The tissues in the Krebs-perfused compartment were qualitatively normal, possessing nerve profiles with little damage, normal appearing smooth muscle and interstitial cells of Cajal as well as gap junctions between muscle cells and interstitial cells. However, in the sucrose compartment tissues had serious damage to smooth muscle, interstitial cells and nerves, and normal gap junctions disappeared. There was also damage to all these structures in tissues exposed to KCl, but most striking was the disappearance of most interstitial cells. These studies raise serious questions about the assumptions underlying the basis for functioning of multicellular tissues in the sucrose gap.
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Morich, Michael, and Labros Petropoulos. "5585724 Magnetic resonance gradient coils with interstitial gap." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 15, no. 4 (January 1997): XXV. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0730-725x(97)89094-7.

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Flessner, Michael F. "The Role of Extracellular Matrix in Transperitoneal Transport of Water and Solutes." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 21, no. 3_suppl (December 2001): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080102103s04.

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♦ Objective To define the extracellular matrix (ECM), to discuss the physical properties of its components and their impact on transport, and to review data in humans and in animals on the importance of hyaluronan to peritoneal dialysis. ♦ Methods Literature survey. ♦ Results The ECM fills the interstitium between parenchymal cells and blood vessels in the subperitoneal interstitium. It is responsible for the interstitial resistance to solute and water transfer through the peritoneal barrier. Major components are collagen and hyaluronan, which are synthesized locally in the peritoneal tissue. Synthesis and deposition of these components increase with inflammation, and concentrations of the components influence the mechanical properties of the tissue and the interstitial Starling forces as well as transport. Removal of hyaluronan appears to increase the rates of water and large-solute transport. Addition of hyaluronan to dialysate appears to enhance fluid recovery and to reduce protein loss. ♦ Conclusion Many of the physicochemical properties of ECM components are well described, but a large knowledge gap remains concerning the in vivo consequences of specific alterations in the interstitial components. More research is needed.
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Liao, Ting, and Guido Roma. "Stability of Neutral Silicon Interstitials in 3C- and 4H-SiC: A First-Principles Study." Defect and Diffusion Forum 283-286 (March 2009): 74–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.283-286.74.

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The structural stability and properties of single silicon interstitials in their neutral state are investigated via ab initio methods in 3C- and 4H-SiC. By carefully checking the convergence with Brillouin Zone (BZ) sampling and supercell size we show that the split interstitial along <110> direction and tetrahedrally coordinated structure have similar formation energies in the cubic polytype. We discuss possible artifacts coming from the well known Density Functional Theory (DFT) underestimation of the band gap, which is particularly relevant for 3C-SiC. For 4H-SiC, the most energetically favorable silicon interstitial is found to be the split interstitial configuration ISisp<110> but situated in the hexagonal layer. The defect formation energies in 4H-SiC are in general larger than those in 3C-SiC, implying that the insertion of silicon interstitial introduces a large lattice distortion to the local coordination environments and affect even the second- or third-nearest neighbors. We also present an extensive comparison between well converged plane waves calculations and SIESTA [1,2] calculations based on localised orbitals basis sets.
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Ulrici, W., B. Clerjaud, and D. Côte. "Local-vibrational-mode absorption of interstitial oxygen in GaP." Physica B: Condensed Matter 273-274 (December 1999): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(99)00509-8.

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Larico, R., J. F. Justo, W. V. M. Machado, and L. V. C. Assali. "Band gap states of interstitial nickel-complexes in diamond." Physica B: Condensed Matter 376-377 (April 2006): 292–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2005.12.075.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interstitial gap"

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Mateášik, Timko Marek. "Experimentální ověření pasivních prvků tepelné regulace družic." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443228.

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Diplomová práca sa zaoberá vplyvom termálnych medzivrstiev na tepelnú kontaktnú vodi- vosť a tepelný kontaktný odpor. Práca sa zameriava na aplikáciu termálnych medzivrstiev pre vylepšenie tepelnej kontaktnej vodivosti v tepelnom spínači a v kozmických zariade- niach obecne. Teoretická časť práce stručne skúma rôzne pasívne termálne kontrolné systémy použí- vane v kozmických zariadeniach, vrátane termálnych medzivrstiev, a vysvetľuje pozadie tejto práce. Táto práca ďalej skúma rôzne termálne medzivrstvy, predovšetkým povlaky a fólie, a uvádza výber vhodnej termálnej medzivrstvy. Experimentálna časť práce skúma povrchové parametre, tepelnú vodivosť a mikrotvr-dosť medených vzoriek, ktoré slúžia ako substrát pre povlak čistého striebra. Ďalej rieši podmienky merania, metódy vyhodnocovania a samotné experimentálne merania. Experimentálne merania sú vykonané v termo-vákuovej testovacej komore a na základe výsledkov sú vyvodené závery. Pre ďalšiu prácu sú uvedené doporučenia.
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Almeida, Gleby Aparecida de. "Identificação de poluentes orgânicos na represa Billings - São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-25042016-165626/.

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Compostos químicos provenientes de várias origens como tráfico, agricultura, industria e efluentes domésticos são transportados à longas distâncias e podem atingir os corpos hídricos. A proliferação de compostos orgânicos sintéticos desencadeou a preocupação sobre seus efeitos tóxicos. Esses compostos sintéticos podem estar afetando o meio ambiente. Mesmo em concentrações muito baixas, eles interferem no sistema endócrino, tanto nos seres humanos quanto nos animais e também nas outras formas de vida que compõem os ecossistemas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar estudo analítico-ambiental na Represa Billings, afim de verificar a ocorrência de poluentes orgânicos em amostras de água e sedimento. Foram analisados pesticidas organoclorados (OCs), bifenilas policloradas (PCBs), hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (PAHs) e fármacos. Foram realizadas quatro campanhas para coleta de água e sedimento, em julho e novembro de 1999, maio de 2000 e janeiro de 2001. O sedimento foi coletado em perfil vertical, sendo possível verificar o acúmulo da contaminação. Foram validadas metodologias analíticas para determinação de poluentes orgânicos persistentes, como pesticidas organoclorados, bifenilas policloradas (PCBs), hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos (PAHs) em amostras de água. O método incluiu a extração em fase sólida (SPE) e análise por CG/MS. Para a determinação de fármacos em água e sedimento foi empregada a extração em fase sólida (SPE) e análise por LC/MS-MS. Foram detectados nos sedimentos e nas águas do reservatório Billings hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos, bifenilas policloradas, pesticidas organoclorados, fármacos como ibuprofen, diclofenac e cafeína. A presença desses compostos no reservatório é devido a associação com as fontes potenciais como o material particulado atmosférico e os efluentes industriais e municipais.
Chemicals from a wide range of sources as traffic, industry, agriculture and domestic wastewater are transported over long distances and can reach the aquatic environment. There is great concern about the proliferation of synthetic organic chemicals and their toxic effects as these chemicals may be affecting the environment. Even at low levels, they interfere in the endocrine system both in humans and in animals and other living organism. The aim of this study was to carry out an analytical-environmental analysis in the Billings reservoir, near the city of São Paulo in order to assess the occurrence of organic pollutants in water and sediment. Chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pharmaceuticals were analyzed. Sediments and water were collected during July and November 1999, May 2000 and January 2001. Sediments were collected in core samples that provided vertical delineation of contamination. Validation of the analytical procedure in order to determine persistent organic pollutants such as chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic (PAHs) in water samples was carried out. Solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for sample preparation and detection and confirmation by GC/MS. The determination of pharmaceuticals was performed by tandem LC-MS(LC/MS-MS) after a solid phase extraction. Chlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic and pharmaceuticals such Ibuprofen, Diclofenac and caffeine were detected.in sediment and water. The conclusion of the study was the occurrence of these compounds in the reservoir is due to sources like atmospheric particles, municipal and industrial waste.
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Lamrani, Younès. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale et à la simulation de la diffusion anormale du bore dans le silicium." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30042.

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Hubbard, Marjorie Letitia. "The Effect of Structural Microheterogeneity on the Initiation and Propagation of Ectopic Activity in Cardiac Tissue." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/2375.

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Cardiac arrhythmias triggered by both reentrant and focal sources are closely correlated with regions of tissue characterized by significant structural heterogeneity. Experimental and modeling studies of electrical activity in the heart have shown that local microscopic heterogeneities which average out at the macroscale in healthy tissue play a much more important role in diseased and aging cardiac tissue which have low levels of coupling and abnormal or reduced membrane excitability. However, it is still largely unknown how various combinations of microheterogeneity in the intracellular and interstitial spaces affect wavefront propagation in these critical regimes.

This thesis uses biophysically realistic 1-D and 2-D computer models to investigate how heterogeneity in the interstitial and intracellular spaces influence both the initiation of ectopic beats and the escape of multiple ectopic beats from a poorly coupled region of tissue into surrounding well-coupled tissue. An approximate discrete monodomain model that incorporates local heterogeneity in both the interstitial and intracellular spaces was developed to represent the tissue domain.

The results showed that increasing the effective interstitial resistivity in poorly coupled fibers alters the distribution of electrical load at the microscale and causes propagation to become more like that observed in continuous fibers. In poorly coupled domains, this nearly continuous state is modulated by cell length and is characterized by decreased gap junction delay, sustained conduction velocity, increased sodium current, reduced maximum upstroke velocity, and increased safety factor. In inhomogeneous fibers with adjacent well-coupled and poorly coupled regions, locally increasing the effective interstitial resistivity in the poorly coupled region reduces the size of the focal source needed to generate an ectopic beat, reduces dispersion of repolarization, and delays the onset of conduction block that is caused by source-load mismatch at the boundary between well-coupled and poorly-coupled regions. In 2-D tissue models, local increases in effective interstitial resistivity as well as microstructural variations in cell arrangement at the boundary between poorly coupled and well-coupled regions of tissue modulate the distribution of maximum sodium current which facilitates the unidirectional escape of focal beats. Variations in the distribution of sodium current as a function of cell length and width lead to directional differences in the response to increased effective interstitial resistivity. Propagation in critical regimes such as the ectopic substrate is very sensitive to source-load interactions and local increases in maximum sodium current caused by microheterogeneity in both intracellular and interstitial structure.


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Books on the topic "Interstitial gap"

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Patterson, James D. Electronic characterization of defects in narrow gap semiconductors: Final report, November 25, 1992 to November 25, 1994. Marshall Space Flight Center, AL: [National Aeronautics and Space Administration], George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1994.

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Patterson, James D. Electronic characterization of defects in narrow gap semiconductors: Comparison of electronic energy levels and formation energies in Mercury Cadmium Telluride Mercury Zinc Telluride and Mercury Zinc Selenide, semi-annual report, September 19, 1994 to March 19, 1995. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Rascaroli, Laura. How the Essay Film Thinks. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190238247.001.0001.

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Less than a decade ago the expression "essay film" was still encountered only sporadically; today, the term has been widely integrated into film criticism, and is increasingly adopted by filmmakers and artists worldwide to characterize their work-while continuing to offer a precious margin of resistance to closed definitions. Eschewing essentialist notions of genre and form, and bringing issues of practice and praxis to the fore, this book offers a novel understanding of the epistemological strategies that are mobilized by the essay film, and of where such strategies operate. On the backdrop of Theodor W. Adorno’s discussion of the essay form’s anachronistic, anti-systematic and disjunctive mode of resistance, and capitalizing on the centrality of the interstice in Gilles Deleuze’s understanding of the cinema as image of thought, the book discusses the essay film as future philosophy-as a contrarian, political cinema whose argumentation engages with us in a space beyond the verbal. A diverse range of case studies discloses how the essay can be a medium of thought on the basis of its dialectic use of audiovisual interstitiality. The book shows how the essay film’s disjunctive method comes to be realized at the level of medium, montage, genre, temporality, sound, narration, and framing-all of these emerging as interstitial spaces of intelligence that illustrate how essayistic meaning can be sustained, often in contexts of political, historical or cultural extremity. The essayistic urge is not to be identified with a fixed generic form, but is rather situated within processes of filmic thinking that thrive in gaps.
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Book chapters on the topic "Interstitial gap"

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"Gap." In Interstitial Hong Kong, 240–73. De Gruyter, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783868599596-013.

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Tauseef, Mohammad, Madeeha Aqil, and Dolly Mehta. "Signaling Mechanisms Regulating Vascular Endothelial Barrier Function." In Emerging Applications, Perspectives, and Discoveries in Cardiovascular Research, 17–42. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2092-4.ch002.

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During inflammatory conditions, such as sepsis, myocardial infarction and acute respiratory distress syndrome, endothelial cell-cell junctions start to disrupt because of the internalization of the junctional proteins such as vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin. This leads to the formation of minute inter-endothelial gaps, and the infiltration of protein-rich fluid and immune cells in the interstitial space. If remains unchecked, the persistent buildup of edema underlying the endothelial lining sets the stage for the serious life-threatening complications and ultimately leads to the multi-organ failure and death. Thus, to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the opening and resolution phase of the gap formation, will provide an insight to better understand the pathology of the cardiovascular and pulmonary inflammatory disorders. In this chapter, we will discuss about how the signaling mechanisms activated by the known inflammatory molecules increase endothelial permeability.
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Clark, John P. "Carnival at the Edge of the Abyss." In Sweet Spots, 249–72. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496817020.003.0013.

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New Orleans is the apocalyptic city and the interstitial city par excellence. It lies at the edge of the abyss of non-being, that is, complete destruction, and the abyss of becoming, that is, radically creative transformation. The interstitial consist of that which lies in the gaps between the “stitial,” that which “stands,” the dominant reality. The antistitial is that within the interstitial which challenges this reality and has the utopian potential to overturn it. Apocalyptic New Orleans as a symptom of an ominous global future is the bad conscience of civilization. Yet, it in its carnivalesque antistitiality, it is perhaps also the liberatory unconscious of what comes beyond civilization.
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Sinclair, Donna. "From Housewife to Historian." In Reshaping Women's History, 207–21. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042003.003.0016.

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This chapter focuses on the personal, social, and historical contexts that shaped Donna Sinclair’s career as a feminist historian. The story of Sinclair’s trek to the 2013 Prelinger Award took root in a divorce that left the former army wife alone with three small children. Returning to school reshaped her identity, provided purpose, and led to her life’s work as an oral and public historian, educator, and social justice advocate. In this essay, Sinclair engages in the self-scrutiny that oral historians so often ask of their narrators. As recommended by Antonia Castaňeda, she digs into “the silences, gaps, and interstitial spaces” of experience to examine her journey to the Prelinger and beyond.
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Polkey, Michael I., and P. M. A. Calverley. "Chronic respiratory failure." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Pallav L. Shah, 4282–91. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0434.

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Chronic respiratory failure describes a clinical state when the arterial Po2 breathing air is less than 8.0 kPa, which may or may not be associated with hypercapnia (defined as Pco2 more than 6.0 kPa (45 mm Hg)). Four processes cause arterial hypoxaemia due to inefficient pulmonary gas exchange—ventilation–perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, hypoventilation, diffusion limitation, and true shunt, with the most important of these being V/Q mismatching. The arterial CO2 is increased by inadequate alveolar ventilation and/or V/Q abnormality. A wide range of disorders can cause chronic respiratory failure, with the commonest being chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung diseases, chest wall and neuromuscular diseases, and morbid obesity.
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Pistolesi, Massimo, and Mariaelena Occhipinti. "Pulmonary venous hypertension." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Christian Herold, 403–6. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0078.

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The chest radiograph reflects quite accurately the sequence of lung water accumulation as it may result from conditions of acute and chronic left heart dysfunction leading to pulmonary venous hypertension. Filtration and reabsorption of liquids is a rather dynamic process that occurs in the lung extravascular space, a delicate space working as both a gas and liquid exchanger. Interference of lung liquid accumulation with the gas exchange function is the most relevant clinical consequence of pulmonary venous hypertension. Lymphatics respond slowly to the increased filtration rate secondary to acute pulmonary venous hypertension, whereas the long-standing disequilibrium of liquid exchange in chronic conditions induces several adaptive changes in lung tissue and lymphatics. Thus, there might be lower amounts of lung oedema for the same level of pulmonary venous hypertension in chronic with respect to acute left heart failure conditions. Knowledge of chest radiographic signs of acute and chronic pulmonary venous hypertension allows better understanding of patients’ clinical conditions. Radiographic scoring of pulmonary interstitial oedema and assessment of vascular pedicle width is recommended to determine extravascular lung liquid balance and intravascular volume status in critically ill patients.
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Miller, Paul B. "Equity as Supplemental Law." In Philosophical Foundations of the Law of Equity, 92–115. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817659.003.0006.

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This chapter argues that implicit in the idea that equity intervenes to prevent persons from inequitably standing on or opportunistically exploiting their legal rights is a remedial conception of equity, according to which its distinctiveness issues from the way it corrects for injustices arising from the strict application of law. While shedding important light on the nature of equity, exclusive focus on its remedial aspect has obscured a second, no less significant role played by equity, namely as a source of supplemental law. Equity does not only restrain or qualify the exercise of primary rights; it is also the source of such rights. Some such rights fill gaps remedially by establishing constraints on existing rights. Others fill gaps interstitially and so expand by adding to existing legal rights. In a third category, equity fills gaps by developing novel frameworks of rights. As such, while many doctrines of equity are remedial, part of what makes equity distinct are the distinctive resources it brings to the task of supplementing law.
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Farne, Hugo, Edward Norris-Cervetto, and James Warbrick-Smith. "Cough." In Oxford Cases in Medicine and Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198716228.003.0013.

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First, ask open questions about the cough itself: • Acute or chronic? The British Thoracic Society (BTS) defines acute as <3 weeks and chronic as >8 weeks. Between 3 and 8 weeks the cough may be due to recovering acute illness or developing chronic illness. • Constant or intermittent? A cough that is intermittent may suggest an extrinsic trigger (e.g. if the patient only coughs at work there may be an allergy to something in the workplace). A cough that is constant suggests an intrinsic cause. • Productive or dry? The presence of sputum indicates inflammation and/or infection. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have chronically inflamed airways and often produce white or clear sputum. Patients with infection have yellow or green sputum. Particularly large volumes of sputum, often green or rusty coloured, may be coughed up in bronchiectasis and lung abscesses. • Blood? More specifically: ■ Blood-streaked sputum? Suggests infection or bronchiectasis. ■ Pink and frothy sputum? Suggests pulmonary oedema. ■ Frank blood (haemoptysis)? See Chapter 8. Suggests tuberculosis (TB), lung cancer, pulmonary embolus, bronchiectasis, or other rarer causes (e.g. granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, formerly known as Wegener’s granulomatosis), or Goodpasture’s syndrome). • Timing? Asthma is classically worse at night and early hours of the morning. Pulmonary oedema or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) can also be worse at night due to the positional effects of lying flat. Patients often report sleeping propped up on pillows to mitigate these effects. Trigger factors such as pets, cold weather, or exercise indicate asthma, as does a worsening in spring/summer. • Character? A wheezy cough suggests airway obstruction due to asthma or COPD. A bovine cough (breathy) is characteristic of vocal cord paralysis. A dry cough is suggestive of a bronchitis (usually viral) or interstitial lung disease. A gurgling/wet cough is suggestive of bronchiectasis. Pertussis infection causes a ‘whooping’ cough. Second, ask directed questions about factors that might be triggering the cough: • Environmental irritants: Smoking? Occupation? Pets? Change of house, office, etc? • Past medical history: Asthma? GORD? Rhinitis/sinusitis? Heart failure? Recent chest infection? • Drug history? Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in particular can cause a cough.
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Enoki, Toshiaki, Morinobu Endo, and Masatsugu Suzuki. "Surface Properties and Gas Adsorption." In Graphite Intercalation Compounds and Applications. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128277.003.0010.

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It is well known that alkali metal binary GICs adsorb gaseous species (H2, N2, Ar, CH4, etc.) physisorptively at low temperatures, where physisorbed gaseous molecules are accommodated in the interstitials of the alkali metal lattice within the graphitic galleries (Lagrange and Hérold, 1975; Lagrange et al., 1972, 1976; Watanabe et al., 1971, 1972, 1973). The capacity for hydrogen adsorption, which is estimated at 144 cm3/g in KC24, for example, is large and comparable to the capacity in other adsorbers such as zeolite or activated charcoal. Interestingly, the physisorption phenomenon in alkali metal GICs has different features from that in conventional adsorbents such as zeolite or activated charcoal; that is, guest molecules in alkali metal GICs are not simply bonded to the adsorbents through weak van der Waals forces without any change in the electronic structures. Here we discuss the gas physisorption phenomenon in alkali metal GICs from general aspects, in relation to their specific features. Then in subsequent sections, we will give details of actual cases. Hydrogen is a typical gaseous molecule adsorbed in alkali metal GICs. Hydrogen physisorption takes place at low temperatures below about 200 K, where hydrogen molecules are accommodated in the graphitic galleries and are not dissociated into atomic hydrogen species. When the temperature is increased to over 200 K, the alkali metal GICs work as catalysts to hydrogen, resulting in the occurrence of hydrogen chemisorption. Hydrogen physisorption will be discussed in Section 8.1.2, hydrogen chemisorption and related issues have been discussed partly in Sections 2.2.1 and 5.4.1 from the viewpoints of structure and electronic properties, and will be discussed again in Section 8.1.2. Figure 8.1 represents the composition dependence of the amount of physisorption of hydrogen molecules in KCm at 77 K (Lagrange and Hérold, 1975). The composition of 1/m = 1/8 corresponds to the stage-1 compound and the composition 1/m = 1/24 to the stage-2 compound; intermediate compositions between 1/8 and 1/24 are considered to have a mixed structure of stage-1 and stage-2 compounds. The stage-1 compound does not adsorb hydrogen at all.
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Conference papers on the topic "Interstitial gap"

1

Low, Su-Ying. "Using the ILD-GAP model to predict mortality in chronic interstitial lung disease." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3824.

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Li, Yuan, Chen Li, Hui Li, Shemiao Qi, Yi Liu, and Heng Liu. "Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Complex Gap Combined Rotor of Large Generator." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10835.

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Abstract In this paper, a large generator rotor with complex clearance is taken as the research object, and the dynamic analysis model of this rotor is established. This study focuses on the prediction of the contact stiffness of its widely distributed contact interface and the cross-scale interstitial stiffness of the rotor. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of torsional under typical rotor state are studied, and the combined rotor of large generator is tested and verified. Through theoretical analysis and experimental study, the influence mechanism of clearance on dynamic characteristics of large generator rotor is revealed.
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Kobayashi, Haruki, Tateaki Naito, Shota Omori, Kazuhisa Nakashima, Kazushige Wakuda, Akira Ono, Hirotsugu Kenmotsu, Haruyasu Murakami, Masahiro Endo, and Toshiaki Takahashi. "A modified ILD-GAP index for patients with non-small cell lung cancer and interstitial lung disease." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2227.

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Bonella, F., S. Langer, E. Boerner, B. Hegedues, F. Honshoven, E. Gottstein, D. Theegarten, and U. Costabel. "Potential Clinical Utility of Serum KL-6 for Improving the GAP-Staging in Patients with Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a4037.

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Low, Su-Ying. "Addition of respiratory hospitalizations 24weeks prior to the ILD-GAP model to predict mortality in chronic interstitial lung disease." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa814.

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Kreuter, M., K. B. Highland, H. Nunes, W. A. Wuyts, V. Smith, M. Alves, L. Moros, E. Erhardt, C. J. Ryerson, and on behalf of the SENSCIS trial investigators. "Effect of Nintedanib on Decline in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (SSc-ILD) by GAP Stage and ILD-GAP Index." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1807.

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7

English, Timothy S., John C. Duda, Donald A. Jordan, Pamela M. Norris, and Leonid V. Zhigilei. "The Effect of Interstitial Layers on Thermal Boundary Conductance Between Lennard-Jones Crystals." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22953.

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Thermal transport at the interface between Lennard-Jones crystals is explored via non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The vibrational properties of each crystal are varied by changing the atomic mass of the crystal. By applying a constant thermal flux across the two-crystal composite system, a steady-state temperature gradient is established and thermal boundary conductance at the interface between the crystals is calculated via Fourier’s law. With the material properties of the two crystals fixed, thermal boundary conductance can be affected by an intermediate layer inserted between the two crystals. It is found that when the interstitial layer atomic mass is between those values of the crystals comprising the interface, interfacial transport is enhanced. This layer helps bridge the gap between the different vibrational spectra of the two materials, thus enhancing thermal transport, which is maximized when the interstitial layer atomic mass approaches the average mass of the two fixed crystals. The degree of enhancement depends on the vibrational mismatch between the interstitial layer and the crystals comprising the interface, and we report an increase in thermal boundary conductance of up to 50%.
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Bonella, Francesco, Hegedüs Balasz, Eva Gottstein, Dirk Theegarten, Ulrich Costabel, and Christian Taube. "The Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) Index enhanced with KL-6 serum level for predicting disease progression in interstitial lung diseases (ILD)." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.801.

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Conder, Thomas E., Richard S. Skifton, and Ralph S. Budwig. "Particle Image Velocimetry Measurements in a Representative Gas-Cooled Prismatic Reactor Core Model: Flow in the Coolant Channels and Interstitial Bypass Gaps." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87549.

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Core bypass flow is one of the key issues with the prismatic Gas Turbine-Modular Helium Reactor, and it refers to the coolant that navigates through the interstitial passages between the graphite fuel blocks instead of traveling through the designated coolant channels. To determine the bypass flow, a double scale representative model was manufactured and installed in the Matched Index-of-Refraction flow facility; after which, stereo Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was employed to measure the flow field within. PIV images were analyzed to produce vector maps, and flow rates were calculated by numerically integrating the velocity field. It was found that the bypass flow varied between 6.9–15.8% for channel Reynolds numbers of 1,746 and 4,618 with a 6mm gap. The results were compared to computational fluid dynamic (CFD) pre-test simulations. When compared to these pretest calculations, the CFD analysis appeared to under predict the flow through the gap.
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Ryerson, C. J., N. Chaudhuri, E. R. Fernández Pérez, Y. H. Kim, R. S. Silva, W. A. Wuyts, H. Müller, K. B. Rohr, and M. J. Kolb. "Effect of Nintedanib on Decline in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) in Patients with Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) by GAP Stage." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a1026.

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Reports on the topic "Interstitial gap"

1

Wright, Alan F. Density-functional-theory study of the Ga split-interstitial in GaAs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1171558.

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Matsumoto, R., H. Tomaru, Y. F. Chen, H. Lu, and I D Clark. Geochemistry of the interstitial waters of the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220764.

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Tomaru, H., R. Matsumoto, Y. F. Chen, H. Lu, and I D Clark. Evolution of a gas hydrate system as recorded by oxygen and hydrogen isotopes of the interstitial waters of the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al. Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production research well. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/220768.

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