Journal articles: 'Interspecific variation'

1

Thompson, J. N. "Variation in Interspecific Interactions." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 19, no. 1 (November 1988): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.es.19.110188.000433.

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2

Shibusawa, Naoe, Isao Nohara, and Ryo Ohsawa. "Interspecific variation of scent characteristics in the Cyclamen genus and the utility of the variation." Horticultural Science 45, No. 4 (December 10, 2018): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/111/2017-hortsci.

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All the currently available interspecific scented cyclamen were bred by crossing Cyclamen persicum with only a wild species, C.purpurascens. To develop cyclamen with a wider variety of fragrances, we clarified the diversity of volatile compounds emitted from the flowers of 17 wild cyclamen species. We found that 14 of the wild species emitted fragrant compounds. In particular, C. pseudibericum, C. cyprium, C. libanoticum, C. purpurascens, C. cilicium and C. alpinum emitted floral compounds, and C. mirabile emitted fruity compounds. We produced interspecific hybrids between two C. persicum cultivars and C. purpurascens (which emitted the greatest number of volatile compounds) and analysed the scent characteristics of the resulting hybrids. We found that the hybrids varied in scent characteristics, even when the same parents were crossed; for example, we obtained hybrids with various proportions of citronellol, nerol and geraniol and various ratios of floral-scented and fruity-scented compounds.

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Olszyk, David M., and David T. Tingey. "Interspecific Variation in SO2 Flux." Plant Physiology 79, no. 4 (December 1, 1985): 949–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.79.4.949.

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4

Mönkkönen, Mikko, Jukka T. Forsman, and Robert L. Thomson. "Qualitative geographical variation in interspecific interactions." Ecography 27, no. 1 (February 2004): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2004.03705.x.

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5

Koprivnikar, J., and R. Poulin. "Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Cercariae Release." Journal of Parasitology 95, no. 1 (February 2009): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-1582.1.

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6

Powell, Jeffrey R., and Adalgisa Caccone. "Intraspecific and interspecific genetic variation in Drosophila." Genome 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-040.

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Utilizing the technique of DNA – DNA hybridization, we have characterized the degree of genetic variability in single-copy DNA both within and between several species of Drosophila. The results of intraspecific variation studies indicate considerable variation both for levels of nucleotide heterozygosity (estimated to be over 2%) as well as for insertions–deletions. Interspecific studies confirm this great deal of variability and further establish an extreme heterogeneity within Drosophila genomes for rates of divergence. This heterogeneity is much more extreme than that seen between exons and introns. The degree of single-copy DNA divergence generally supports phylogenetic affinities deduced from more traditional methods. However, exceptions occur where single-copy DNA divergence is not correlated with other properties such as degree of chromosomal differentiation, morphology, or ability to form interspecific hybrids. We argue that single-copy DNA divergence as measured by DNA–DNA hybridization is an accurate indicator of phylogenetic relationships and therefore sheds light on the evolution of other biological properties. Many, if not most, evolutionary tests require an accurate phylogeny of the group being studied and DNA, because of the high information content inherent within the molecule, offers the best hope of deriving true phylogenies.Key words: DNA evolution, Drosophila, molecular evolution, phylogenetics, DNA–DNA hybridization.

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7

Savill, Marion G., Roy Bickestaffe, and Henry E. Connor. "Interspecific variation in epicuticular waxes of Chionochloa." Phytochemistry 27, no. 11 (January 1988): 3499–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80756-8.

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8

Göthlich, L., and A. Oschlies. "Phytoplankton niche generation by interspecific stoichiometric variation." Global Biogeochemical Cycles 26, no. 2 (May 3, 2012): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011gb004042.

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9

Nagarajan, R., S. Alarmelu, and R. M. Shanthi. "Studies on variation in interspecific hybrids ofSaccharum." Sugar Tech 2, no. 3 (September 2000): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02945756.

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10

Heaton, Andrew, Elizabeth Faulconer, Emma Milligan, Mary B. Kroetz, Scott M. Weir, and Scott Glaberman. "Interspecific Variation in Nematode Responses to Metals." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 39, no. 5 (March 29, 2020): 1006–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.4689.

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11

Soto, S., L. Bullrich, M. J. Pannunzio, P. Bologna, and G. Facciuto. "INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION IN NIEREMBERGIA: A SOURCE OF VARIATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 813 (March 2009): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2009.813.52.

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12

May, Bernie, and Daniel J. Royse. "Interspecific allozyme variation within the fungal genus Pleurotus." Transactions of the British Mycological Society 90, no. 1 (January 1988): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-1536(88)80176-1.

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13

Cui, Qinghua, Zhenbao Yu, Enrico O. Purisima, and Edwin Wang. "MicroRNA regulation and interspecific variation of gene expression." Trends in Genetics 23, no. 8 (August 2007): 372–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2007.04.003.

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14

Dickman, C. R. "Sex-Ratio Variation in Response to Interspecific Competition." American Naturalist 132, no. 2 (August 1988): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/284851.

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15

Srivastava, N. K., R. Kumar, and D. Dixit. "Interspecific Variation in Root Growth inCymbopogonin Root Boxes." Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 10, no. 1 (January 6, 2003): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j044v10n01_06.

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16

ROBERTSON, HUGH A. "Interspecific variation in growth of British pigeons Columbidae." Ibis 130, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1988.tb00976.x.

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17

Van Damme, R., and B. Vanhooydonck. "Origins of interspecific variation in lizard sprint capacity." Functional Ecology 15, no. 2 (April 2001): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2435.2001.00513.x.

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18

Hapase, R. S., K. V. Sushir, P. R. Hapase, and J. M. Repale. "Studies on variation in interspecific hybrids of Saccharum." Sugar Tech 12, no. 2 (June 2010): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12355-010-0030-8.

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19

Tomio, Naitoh, Imamura Mariko, and Richard J. Wassersug. "Interspecific variation in the emetic response of anurans." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology 100, no. 3 (January 1991): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(91)90008-h.

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20

Macnair, M. R., and Q. J. Cumbes. "The genetic architecture of interspecific variation in mimulus." Genetics 122, no. 1 (May 1, 1989): 211–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/122.1.211.

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Abstract The genetic architecture of various floral and morphological differences between Mimulus cupriphilus and Mimulus guttatus is investigated. M. cupriphilus is believed to have speciated from M. guttatus in the recent past. The two parent species, the F(1) and F(2), and two backcrosses were grown and scored for 23 different characters. The analysis of means revealed significant epistasis for a number of the floral characters, particularly those involving the length of parts. Dominance was generally toward M. guttatus, except for the characters related to flowering time. Analysis of the genetic correlations between characters revealed that there were at least four different polygenic genetic systems, governing flowering time, size of flower, number of spots on the corolla, and general size. An analysis of minimum gene number suggested that there were at least 3-7 genes controlling floral size, and a different three controlling floral spot number. Two other characters, corolla lobe shape and stem color, were produced by independent major gene differences. Annuality was also shown to be heritable. The two species appear to utilize the same gene for copper tolerance. The results are discussed in the light of current theories of speciation.

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21

Wada, Satoshi, Azusa Mima, and Atsushi Ito. "Reproductive phenology of sympatric hermit crabs in temperate Japan." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 4 (June 27, 2005): 889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405011859.

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Reproductive phenology among temperate hermit crabs, reproductive seasons of nine sympatric species and some reproductive characteristics of four Pagurus species were investigated in Tosa Bay, southern Shikoku, Japan. Females of P. filholi, P. maculosus, P. minutus and P. nigrivittatus had clutches mainly in winter and were found to breed multiple clutches within each reproductive season while four Diogenidae species and P. japonicus mainly reproduced in summer, suggesting that interspecific variation in reproductive phenology of temperate hermit crabs might be determined by allopatric adaptation with phylogenic constraints. There was interspecific variation in the length of reproductive seasons among the four Pagurus species and the variation was considered to reflect the interspecific difference in the number of clutches per reproductive season, not in the ovigerous period per clutch. The length of reproductive seasons among the four species seemed to relate to maturity size and/or interspecific differences in thermal adaptation.

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22

Martin, Noland H., and John H. Willis. "Geographical variation in postzygotic isolation and its genetic basis within and between two Mimulus species." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1552 (August 27, 2010): 2469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0030.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the evolution of intrinsic postzygotic isolation within and between populations of Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus nasutus . We made 17 intraspecific and interspecific crosses, across a wide geographical scale. We examined the seed germination success and pollen fertility of reciprocal F 1 and F 2 hybrids and their pure-species parents, and used biometrical genetic tests to distinguish among alternative models of inheritance. Hybrid seed inviability was sporadic in both interspecific and intraspecific crosses. For several crosses, Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities involving nuclear genes were implicated, while two interspecific crosses revealed evidence of cytonuclear interactions. Reduced hybrid pollen fertility was found to be greatly influenced by Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities in five out of six intraspecific crosses and nine out of 11 interspecific crosses. Cytonuclear incompatibilities reduced hybrid fitness in only one intraspecific and one interspecific cross. This study suggests that intrinsic postzygotic isolation is common in hybrids between these Mimulus species, yet the particular hybrid incompatibilities responsible for effecting this isolation differ among the populations tested. Hence, we conclude that they evolve and spread only at the local scale.

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23

Gusmão, Paulo H. P., Pedro H. A. Sena, Tiago N. Bernabé, Lilian S. Ouchi‐Melo, and Thiago Gonçalves‐Souza. "Interspecific plant functional variation prevails over intraspecific variation in driving spider beta diversity." Ecological Entomology 45, no. 2 (July 30, 2019): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/een.12789.

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24

Vander Wall, Stephen B., Maurie J. Beck, Jennifer S. Briggs, Julie K. Roth, Ted C. Thayer, Jennifer L. Hollander, and Jennifer M. Armstrong. "INTERSPECIFIC VARIATION IN THE OLFACTORY ABILITIES OF GRANIVOROUS RODENTS." Journal of Mammalogy 84, no. 2 (May 2003): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0487:ivitoa>2.0.co;2.

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25

Chen, Jian, Hanwu Shang, and Xixuan Jin. "Interspecific variation of Δ1,6-piperideines in imported fire ants." Toxicon 55, no. 6 (June 2010): 1181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.01.009.

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26

Enard, W. "Intra- and Interspecific Variation in Primate Gene Expression Patterns." Science 296, no. 5566 (April 12, 2002): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1068996.

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27

Domning, Daryl P., and Lee-Ann C. Hayek. "INTERSPECIFIC AND INTRASPECIFIC MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION IN MANATEES (SIRENIA: TRICHECHUS)." Marine Mammal Science 2, no. 2 (April 1986): 87–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1986.tb00034.x.

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28

Moller, A. P. "Interspecific variation in fear responses predicts urbanization in birds." Behavioral Ecology 21, no. 2 (January 29, 2010): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arp199.

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29

Lockwood, S. F., and J. N. Derr. "Intra- and interspecific genome-size variation in the Salmonidae." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 59, no. 4 (1992): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000133275.

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30

Kindl, Gabriel H., and Kelly E. O'Quin. "On Intraspecific and Interspecific Variation in Teleost Scleral Ossification." Anatomical Record 302, no. 7 (February 27, 2019): 1238–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24080.

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31

BISAZZA, ANGELO, RICCARDO PIGNATTI, and GIORGIO VALLORTIGARA. "Laterality in detour behaviour: interspecific variation in poeciliid fish." Animal Behaviour 54, no. 5 (November 1997): 1273–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1997.0522.

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32

Kato, Akiko, Nancy Tang, Carola Borries, Amanda M. Papakyrikos, Katie Hinde, Ellen Miller, Yutaka Kunimatsu, Eishi Hirasaki, Daisuke Shimizu, and Tanya M. Smith. "Intra- and interspecific variation in macaque molar enamel thickness." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 155, no. 3 (August 22, 2014): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.22593.

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33

Sutton, Bruce D., and David A. Carlson. "Interspecific variation in tephritid fruit fly larvae surface hydrocarbons." Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 23, no. 2 (1993): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940230202.

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34

Tatner, P., and D. M. Bryant. "Interspecific variation in daily energy expenditure during avian incubation." Journal of Zoology 231, no. 2 (October 1993): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb01913.x.

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35

Kamilar, Jason M., and Brenda J. Bradley. "Interspecific variation in primate coat colour supports Gloger’s rule." Journal of Biogeography 38, no. 12 (July 28, 2011): 2270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02587.x.

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36

Lutz, Carla, Torsten Thomas, Peter Steinberg, Staffan Kjelleberg, and Suhelen Egan. "Effect of interspecific competition on trait variation inPhaeobacter inhibensbiofilms." Environmental Microbiology 18, no. 5 (April 27, 2016): 1635–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13253.

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37

Buchwald, R., M. D. Breed, A. R. Greenberg, and G. Otis. "Interspecific variation in beeswax as a biological construction material." Journal of Experimental Biology 209, no. 20 (October 15, 2006): 3984–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02472.

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38

Pither, Jason. "Climate tolerance and interspecific variation in geographic range size." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 270, no. 1514 (March 7, 2003): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2002.2275.

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39

Burkle, Laura A., William R. Glenny, and Justin B. Runyon. "Intraspecific and interspecific variation in floral volatiles over time." Plant Ecology 221, no. 7 (May 6, 2020): 529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-020-01032-1.

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40

Noshiro, Shuichi, Mitsuo Suzuki, and Hideaki Ohba. "Ecological wood anatomy of NepaleseRhododendron (Ericaceae). 1. Interspecific variation." Journal of Plant Research 108, no. 1 (March 1995): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02344299.

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41

Malz, Cordula R., and Dietrich L. Meyer. "Interspecific variation of isthmo-optic projections in poikilothermic vertebrates." Brain Research 661, no. 1-2 (October 1994): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(94)91202-5.

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42

NANDINI, A. "Intra- and interspecific variation in genome size inLathyrus(Leguminosae)." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 125, no. 4 (December 1997): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bojl.1997.0123.

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43

Pardikes, Nicholas A., Joshua G. Harrison, Arthur M. Shapiro, and Matthew L. Forister. "Synchronous population dynamics in California butterflies explained by climatic forcing." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 7 (July 2017): 170190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170190.

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A long-standing challenge for population biology has been to understand why some species are characterized by populations that fluctuate in size independently, while populations of other species fluctuate synchronously across space. The effects of climatic variation and dispersal have been invoked to explain synchronous population dynamics, however an understanding of the relative influence of these drivers in natural populations is lacking. Here we compare support for dispersal- versus climate-driven models of interspecific variation in synchrony using 27 years of observations of 65 butterfly species at 10 sites spanning 2750 m of elevation in Northern California. The degree of spatial synchrony exhibited by each butterfly species was used as a response in a unique approach that allowed us to investigate whether interspecific variation in response to climate or dispersal propensity was most predictive of interspecific variation in synchrony. We report that variation in sensitivity to climate explained 50% of interspecific variation in synchrony, whereas variation in dispersal propensity explained 23%. Sensitivity to the El Niño Southern Oscillation, a primary driver of regional climate, was the best predictor of synchrony. Combining sensitivity to climate and dispersal propensity into a single model did not greatly increase model performance, confirming the primacy of climatic sensitivity for driving spatial synchrony in butterflies. Finally, we uncovered a relationship between spatial synchrony and population decline that is consistent with theory, but small in magnitude, which suggests that the degree to which populations fluctuate in synchrony is of limited use for understanding the ongoing decline of the Northern California butterfly fauna.

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44

CHURSINA, MARIYA ALEXANDROVNA, and ALEXANDER BORISOVICH RUCHIN. "A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Mordovia, Russia and variation of wing shape in Bombylius species." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 6 (October 9, 2018): 2147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190622.

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Chursina MA, Ruchin AB. 2018. A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) from Mordovia, Russia and variation of wing shape in Bombylius species. Biodiversitas 19: 2147-2156. A checklist of Bombyliidae (Diptera) of Republic of Mordovia (Russia) is provided, based on material collected from 2008 to 2017. One hundred ninety specimens from 75 localities were collected. Fourteen of the twenty species are listed as belonging to the fauna for the first time. Intraspecific variation and sexual dimorphism in the wing shape of three species of the genus Bombylius Linnaeus, 1758 were investigated using geometric morphometric techniques. The analysis revealed that wing shape is a good discriminator of the species. In addition, significant sexual dimorphism were found: females of two of the three species had larger wings than males. The sex shape differences consisted mainly of сhanges in the placement of the CuA and A1, while interspecific wing shape variation distributed in more dimensions. There was no evidence for allometric relationships relating to sexual dimorphism and interspecific variation. Potential adaptive significance of interspecific and intersex variation in wing size and shape is discussed.

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45

Mikołajczyk, Sylwia, Zbigniew Broda, Danuta Mackiewicz, Dorota Weigt, Agnieszka Tomkowiak, and Jan Bocianowski. "Biometric characteristics of interspecific hybrids in the genus Secale." Biometrical Letters 51, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bile-2014-0011.

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Abstract Breeding work using European rye populations has resulted in a considerable reduction of genetic variation in breeding materials of that species. Many taxa from the genus Secale may constitute a potential source of genetic variation in rye breeding. A source of new genetic variation can be found in such species as Secale montanum and Secale vavilovii, which are sources of resistance to fusarium ear blight and septoria leaf blotch, while Secale vavilovii may also be a source of sterilising cytoplasm. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of crossing the wild species Secale vavilovii and the rye subspecies Secale cereale subsp. afghanicum, Secale cereale subsp. ancestrale, Secale cereale subsp. dighoricum, Secale cereale subsp. segetale with the crop species Secale cereale ssp. cereale, and to produce F1 hybrids and describe selected morphological traits. Observations of biometric traits indicate that the F1 crosses produced may be potential sources of variation for common rye. The greatest variation in terms of all analysed phenotypic traits combined was found for the cross combinations S. c. ssp. cereale cv. Amilo × S. c. ssp. ancestrale and S. c. ssp. cereale cv. Dańkowskie Diament × S. c. ssp. dighoricum. The hybrids showed considerable variation in the analysed biometric traits within individual cross combinations.

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46

DALZELL, S. A., and H. M. SHELTON. "Genotypic variation in proanthocyanidin status in the Leucaena genus." Journal of Agricultural Science 138, no. 2 (March 2002): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859601001848.

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The proanthocyanidin (PA) status of 116 accessions from the Leucaena genus representing 21 species, 6 subspecies, 3 varieties and 4 interspecific hybrids was evaluated under uniform environmental and experimental conditions at Redland Bay, Queensland, Australia in October 1997. The PA content of lyophilized youngest fully expanded leaves was measured spectrophotometrically by the butanol/HCl assay referenced to L. leucocephala ssp. glabrata standard PA and expressed as L. leucocephala ssp. glabrata PA equivalents (LLPAE). Considerable interspecific variation in PA concentration existed within the genus, ranging from 0–339 g LLPAE/kg dry matter (DM). Taxa including L. confertiflora, L. cuspidata, L. esculenta and L. greggii contained very high (>180 g LLPAE/kg DM) PA concentrations. Similarly, many agronomically superior accessions from L. diversifolia, L. pallida and L. trichandra contained extremely high (up to 250 g LLPAE/kg DM) PA concentrations, although these taxa exhibited wide intraspecific variation in PA content offering the potential to select accessions with lower (120–160 g LLPAE/kg DM) PA content. Commercial cultivars of L. leucocephala ssp. glabrata, known to produce forage of superior quality, contained low amounts of PA (33–39 g LLPAE/kg DM). Artificial interspecific hybrids had PA contents intermediate to those of both parents. Lesser-known taxa, including L. collinsii, L. lanceolata, L. lempirana, L. macrophylla, L. magnifica, L. multicapitula, L. salvadorensis and L. trichodes, contained undetectable to low (0–36 g LLPAE/kg DM) quantities of PA and have potential as parents to breed interspecific hybrids of low PA status and superior forage quality. Extractable PA was the dominant PA component, accounting for 91% of total PA within the genus. Regression analysis of accession ranks from different experiments compared to these results indicated that genetic regulation of Leucaena spp. PA content was consistent (P<0·01) under different edapho-climatic environments. The distribution of PA within the Leucaena genus did not concur with the predictions of various evolutionary and phylogenetic plant defence theories.

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47

Weinstein, Karen J. "Climatic and Altitudinal Influences on Variation in Macaca Limb Morphology." Anatomy Research International 2011 (October 18, 2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/714624.

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This study compares limb lengths and joint diameters in the skeletons of six macaque species (Macaca assamensis, M. fascicularis, M. fuscata, M. mulatta, M. nemestrina, and M. thibetana) from a broad range of habitats and climates in order to test whether ambient temperatures, latitude, and altitude influence interspecific variation in limb morphology in this widely dispersed genus. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and partial correlation analysis reveal that species from temperate latitudes and high elevations tend to have short limbs and large joint diameters for their sizes while species from tropical latitudes and low elevations tend to have long limbs and small joint diameters. Interspecific variations in intra- and interlimb length proportions also reflect phylogeny and subtle differences in locomotion. The results of this study suggest that climatic conditions are important factors among many ecological variables that influence limb morphology in this geographically widespread genus.

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48

Abkevich, V. "Analysis of missense variation in human BRCA1 in the context of interspecific sequence variation." Journal of Medical Genetics 41, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 492–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2003.015867.

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49

Wallace, A. J., and R. S. Callow. "Meiotic variation in an intergenomic autopolyploid series. II. Pairing behaviour." Genome 38, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-016.

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Pairing behaviour has been studied in PMCs of C0 autotetraploids of seven Lathyrus species exhibiting a range of genome size (10.8–19.9 pg DNA/2C). Each tetrasome within a C0 autotetraploid is equally likely to form a quadrivalent and the great majority of metaphase multivalents (96%) gave evidence of only a single synaptic exchange. Four components of variance in bivalent frequency were detected in the tetraploids. Both chiasma-dependent (0.5%) and chiasma-independent (4.2%) interspecific components were observed, whereas the only intraspecific component between plants (2.8%) was independent of variation in chiasma frequency. The only nonresidual component of variance in minimal incidence of synaptic exchange was interspecific (3.9%) and independent of variation in multivalent frequency.Key words: meiosis, chiasma frequency, autopolyploid, Lathyrus.

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50

Martins, Maria Clara Iruzun, Travis Park, Rachel Racicot, and Natalie Cooper. "Intraspecific variation in the cochleae of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and its implications for comparative studies across odontocetes." PeerJ 8 (April 13, 2020): e8916. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8916.

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In morphological traits, variation within species is generally considered to be lower than variation among species, although this assumption is rarely tested. This is particularly important in fields like palaeontology, where it is common to use a single individual as representative of a species due to the rarity of fossils. Here, we investigated intraspecific variation in the cochleae of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena). Interspecific variation of cochlear morphology is well characterised among odontocetes (toothed whales) because of the importance of the structure in echolocation, but generally these studies use only a single cochlea to represent each species. In this study we compare variation within the cochleae of 18 specimens of P. phocoena with variations in cochlear morphology across 51 other odontocete species. Using both 3D landmark and linear measurement data, we performed Generalised Procrustes and principal component analyses to quantify shape variation. We then quantified intraspecific variation in our sample of P. phocoena by estimating disparity and the coefficient of variation for our 3D and linear data respectively. Finally, to determine whether intraspecific variation may confound the results of studies of interspecific variation, we used multivariate and univariate analyses of variance to test whether variation within the specimens of P. phocoena was significantly lower than that across odontocetes. We found low levels of intraspecific variation in the cochleae of P. phocoena, and that cochlear shape within P. phocoena was significantly less variable than across odontocetes. Although future studies should attempt to use multiple cochleae for every species, our results suggest that using just one cochlea for each species should not strongly influence the conclusions of comparative studies if our results are consistent across Cetacea.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interspecific variation'

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