Journal articles: 'Interrupted ageing'

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Risanti, D. D., M. Yin, Jiang Hua Chen, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "The Mechanical Properties of AA2024 as Function of the Interrupted Ageing Conditions." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.449.

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A comprehensive and systematic study using hardness, tensile test and Kahn tear test was undertaken to follow property development during the recently promoted interrupted ageing treatment. In contrast to the reported claims hardness remains lower than that of single stage heat treatment. Toughness does not improve substantially and deteriorates further as re-ageing time is prolonged. For most cases, the effect of interrupted ageing could not produce a simultaneous improvement in mechanical properties. TEM observations indicate the size and distribution co-existing S” and S phases upon re-ageing depend on interrupted condition.

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Yin, M., D. D. Risanti, Jiang Hua Chen, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "A TEP Study on the Microstructural Development in AA2024 during Interrupted Ageing." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.669.

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This work utilizes thermoelectric power (TEP) measurement to track secondary precipitation during the interrupted ageing cycle for AA2024 alloys as well as the subsequent re-ageing cycle. Clear evidences of secondary precipitation were observed which affect the further precipitation sequence during re-ageing. The TEM results confirm that S and S” phases co-exist upon re-ageing.

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Kremmer, Thomas M., Phillip Dumitraschkewitz, Daniel Pöschmann, Thomas Ebner, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Gernot K. H. Kolb, and Stefan Pogatscher. "Microstructural Change during the Interrupted Quenching of the AlZnMg(Cu) Alloy AA7050." Materials 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112554.

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This study reports on the effect of interrupted quenching on the microstructure and mechanical properties of plates made of the AlZnMg(Cu) alloy AA7050. Rapid cooling from the solution heat treatment temperature is interrupted at temperatures between 100 and 200 °C and continued with a very slow further cooling to room temperature. The final material’s condition is achieved without or with subsequent artificial ageing. The results show that an improvement in the strength–toughness trade-off can be obtained by using this method. Interrupted quenching at 125 °C with peak artificial ageing leads to a yield strength increase of 27 MPa (538 MPa to 565 MPa) compared to the reference material at the same fracture toughness level. A further special case is the complete omission of an artificial ageing treatment with interrupted quenching at 200 °C. This heat treatment exhibits an 20% increase in fracture toughness (35 to 42 MPa m−1/2) while retaining a sufficient yield strength of 512 MPa for industrial applications. A detailed characterization of the relevant microstructural parameters like present phases, phase distribution and precipitate-free zones is performed using transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography.

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Kim, B., C. Celada, D. San Martín, J. Chao, J. Vara, and P. E. J. Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo. "Interrupted ageing in steels: Hardness improvement and microstructural stabilization." Scripta Materialia 68, no. 12 (June 2013): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.02.036.

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Refeay, Abdullah A., N. A. Kamel, M. A. Abdel-Rahman, Yahia A. Lotfy, and Emad A. Badawi. "Effect of Ageing on Microstructures, Electrical Properties and PALS of Aircraft Al Alloy 2024." Defect and Diffusion Forum 319-320 (October 2011): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.319-320.51.

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A comprehensive and systematic study using PALS technique, Vickers hardness test and electrical LCR meter were undertaken to follow property development during the recently promoted interrupted ageing treatment for 2024 aluminum alloy. In this work, solution heat treatments at different temperatures were performed in aircraft materials 2024 aluminum alloy. This work describes the development of the dependence of mechanical, electrical properties of 2024 Al-alloys on heat treatment to characterize microstructural changes during heat treatment. PALS, mechanical and electrical testing will be used to measure the features of the material as a function of time for each ageing temperatures.

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Gao, Nong, Marco J. Starink, Minoru Furukawa, Z. Horita, Cheng Xu, and Terence G. Langdon. "Evolution of Microstructure and Precipitation in Heat-Treatable Aluminium Alloys during ECA Pressing and Subsequent Heat Treatment." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.275.

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The precipitation and evolution of microstructure in a spray-cast Al-7034 alloy and a commercial wrought Al-2024 alloy were studied after equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) using transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Microstructural examination showed the grain sizes of both alloys were reduced to the range of ~0.3–0.5 μm through ECAP. The DSC analysis identified the occurrence of thermal effects involving the formation, coarsening, dissolution and melting of the precipitate phases and concurrent recrystallization. The heating and ageing response of the alloys processed by ECAP was identified by micro-hardness testing of the samples after interrupted heating and ageing treatments.

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Ali, U. M., A. Judge, C. Foster, A. Brooke, K. James, T. Marriott, and S. E. Lamb. "Do portable nursing stations within bays of hospital wards reduce the rate of inpatient falls? An interrupted time-series analysis." Age and Ageing 47, no. 6 (July 16, 2018): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy097.

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Costa, MFF Lima e., SM Barreto, HL Guerra, JOA Firmo, E. Uchoa, and PG Vidigal. "Ageing with Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a community where the transmission has been interrupted: the Bambuí Health and Ageing Study (BHAS)." International Journal of Epidemiology 30, no. 4 (August 2001): 887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.4.887.

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McCarthy, A., P. McMeekin, G. Anderson, S. McCarthy, and S. W. Parry. "74 Effects of Community Falls Prevention Service Closure on Ischaemic Heart Disease Attendances in Secondary Care: An Interrupted Time Series Approach." Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz190.01.

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Abstract Background In 2009 we implemented a novel multidisciplinary, multifactorial falls, syncope and dizziness service model utilising proactive, primary care-based screening (≥60 years). Participants underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, while 25% of the 4032 service participants had exercise training. All had additional lifestyle advice on exercise, alcohol intake, weight loss and smoking cessation. The preliminary outcomes of this approach have been previously reported, with occult atrial fibrillation, murmurs, ECG-evident ischaemic heart disease (IHD) etc reported to GPs for further action.1 Funding was withdrawn and the service closed on 31/01/2014. We examined IHD secondary care attendances with and without service provision. Methods Patients: North Tyneside residents ≥60 years at time of closure of the service in January 2014, who were presented acutely to secondary care with IHD using an interrupted time series method. ICD-10 coded IHD numbers were determined (Hospital Episode Statistics from 01/02/2012[date of a change in coding compared to service commencement in 2009] until 31/05/2017) including 25-months with, and 40-months without, service provision. Results The Table summarises the change in IHD +/- service provision; there was a significant reduction in IHD non-elective admissions during both time series’, but the reduction was significantly lower without service provision. In addition, immediately following the service closure there was an initial increase in IHD complications of 18.4% (p=0.059) followed by an increase in the time trend of 2.7% (p=0.029), resulting in a 0.6% post-service monthly reduction in IHD complications. Conclusions Disinvestment in this service resulted in a slowdown in the underlying reduction of IHD diagnoses in secondary care. However, further research is needed to control for patient-level characteristics, the economic impact and to look at the effect of the service on other cardiovascular diseases. Reference 1. Parry SW. JAGS 2016; 64 (11):2368–2373.

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McCarthy, A., P. McMeekin, G. Anderson, S. McCarthy, and S. W. Parry. "87 Effects of Community Falls Prevention Service Closure on ICD-10 Coded Fracture Rates in Older People: An Interrupted Time Series Approach." Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i28—i29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz193.02.

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Abstract Introduction Guidelines on falls prevention recommend case ascertainment based on opportunistic case ascertainment and referral in those who have fallen. In October 2009 we implemented a novel multidisciplinary, multifactorial falls, syncope and dizziness service with enhanced case-ascertainment through proactive, primary care-based screening for associated risk factors. In addition to comprehensive geriatric assessment, 25% of 4032 service participants underwent strength and balance training. The baseline outcomes have been previously reported.1 Funding was withdrawn, and the service closed on 31/01/2014. We examined the effect of service-closure on fractures presenting to secondary care with and without the service running. Methods An interrupted time series method was used. ICD-10 coded fracture numbers attending secondary care were determined (Hospital Episode Statistics from 01/02/2012-31/05/2017) for all North Tyneside residents ≥60 years at the time of service closure, including 25-months with, and 40-months without, service provision. Results There was a 0.9% (p=0.018) monthly reduction in falls over 25-months of service provision which increased during the winter months of a 9.8% (p=0.015) increase. In the month following the service closure there was an initial increase in fractures of 8.5% (p=0.231), followed by an increase in the monthly time trend of 1% (p=0.018). This resulted in a post-service monthly increase in fractures of 0.1%, an estimated extra 625 fractures over the 40-month post-service cessation period. At an average £8600 per fracture, the estimated cost may have been £5,375,000. Conclusions In this naturalistic experiment, following an initial drop in fractures, disinvestment in this service resulted in a rise in elders’ fractures presenting to secondary care. The closure of the service may have had a large unintended cost, averaging £1.5 million annually, versus annual running costs of £220,000. Further research is needed to control for patient-level characteristics and to establish the cost-effectiveness of the service.

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Levin, Kate A., Marianne Milligan, Hannah K. Bayes, Emilia Crighton, and David Anderson. "Measuring the impact of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Community Respiratory Programme on emergency admissions to hospital: a controlled interrupted time series analysis." Age and Ageing 50, no. 5 (June 9, 2021): 1728–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab104.

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Abstract Background A community respiratory service was implemented in the North West of Glasgow (NW) in January 2013, as part of the Reshaping Care for Older People programme (RCOP). This study aimed to measure the impact of the service on older people’s emergency admissions (EAs) to hospital. Methods EAs to hospital with a primary diagnosis of COPD (COPD EAs) per 1,000 population aged 65 years+ in NW were compared before and after onset of the service with a 6-month phase-in period, using segmented linear regression. South and North East Glasgow (S + NE) was the control—an area with no such service in place. The model adjusted for the rate of all-cause EAs to control for the impact of other localised RCOPP initiatives. Autoregressive terms and a Fourier term to adjust for seasonality were included in the model. Results Prior to implementation of the respiratory service, increases in COPD EAs over time were evident in NW. Adjusting for changes in COPD EAs in NE + S, an additional reduction of −0.04 (−0.03, −0.05) per 1,000 population per month was observed in NW following the phase-in, so that by March 2015, the predicted reduction due to the respiratory service was −0.85 COPD EAs per 1,000 population, a relative reduction of 34.3%. No significant changes in admissions with COPD as a secondary diagnosis (COPD5 EAs) were observed, suggesting that the intervention had no impact on these. Conclusions The community respiratory service was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of COPD EAs among older people and no change in COPD5 EAs.

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Liu, Barbara, Julia E. Moore, Ummukulthum Almaawiy, Wai-Hin Chan, Sobia Khan, Joycelyne Ewusie, Jemila S. Hamid, and Sharon E. Straus. "Outcomes of Mobilisation of Vulnerable Elders in Ontario (MOVE ON): a multisite interrupted time series evaluation of an implementation intervention to increase patient mobilisation." Age and Ageing 47, no. 1 (July 15, 2017): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afx128.

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Antunes, Ana Márcia Barbosa da Silva, Carlos Antônio Reis Pereira Baptista, Miguel Justino Ribeiro Barboza, and André Luís Moreira de Carvalho. "On the effect of interrupted ageing (T6I4) on the mechanical properties of AA6351 and AA7050 alloys." REM - International Engineering Journal 74, no. 1 (January 2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0370-44672019740154.

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Rout, Prasanta Kumar, M. M. Ghosh, and K. S. Ghosh. "Effect of Interrupted Ageing on Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) Behaviour of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy." Procedia Materials Science 5 (2014): 1214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.427.

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Xuehong, Xu, Yunlai Deng, Chi Shuiqing, and Guo Xiaobin. "Effect of interrupted ageing treatment on the mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloys." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 9, no. 1 (January 2020): 230–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.10.050.

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Risanti, D. D., M. Yin, P. E. J. Rivera Díaz del Castillo, and S. van der Zwaag. "A systematic study of the effect of interrupted ageing conditions on the strength and toughness development of AA6061." Materials Science and Engineering: A 523, no. 1-2 (October 2009): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2009.06.044.

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Al-Alousi, S., A. U. Khan, and E. Laithwaite. "573 DELIRIUM SCREENING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROJECT." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_2 (June 2021): ii8—ii13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab116.22.

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Abstract Introduction Delirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome in patients over the age of 65 presenting to medical admissions units yet remains under-diagnosed despite significant associated mortality and morbidity. Our trust's delirium screening tool incorporates a four-step approach, with completion of validated 4AT test warranted in all those over 65 years of age admitted with increased confusion or social withdrawal. Our aim was to measure current uptake of this delirium screening and introduce measures to improve practice. Method We retrospectively collected data from medical records of patients on two Geriatric inpatient wards (42 patients) at the Leicester Royal Infirmary, to determine whether appropriate delirium screening was taking place for at-risk patients on admission. We then introduced two PDSA (plan, do, study, act) cycles: 1. teaching at departmental weekly educational meetings with sending electronic communications to all doctors in medicine highlighting importance of delirium screening; and 2. displaying posters on all admissions wards. A third cycle was planned involving visiting wards to raise awareness, however this was interrupted by the COVID pandemic. Results Initial baseline results showed only 5% (1 of 18) of at-risk patients were fully screened for delirium. Following our first intervention, this increased to 13% (3 of 23). Second intervention involving display of posters led to an increase to 44% (8 of 18) of at-risk patients being screened. Proportions of dementia were comparable across PDSA cycles. Conclusions Education, raising awareness, and display of reminder posters can improve delirium screening uptake of at-risk patients on admission to medical admission units, despite growing pressures associated with the COVID pandemic. Further interventions are planned to improve and maintain awareness and uptake of delirium screening.

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Yates, Thomas, Charlotte L. Edwardson, Carlos Celis-Morales, Stuart J. H. Biddle, Danielle Bodicoat, Melanie J. Davies, Dale Esliger, et al. "Metabolic Effects of Breaking Prolonged Sitting With Standing or Light Walking in Older South Asians and White Europeans: A Randomized Acute Study." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 1 (November 7, 2018): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gly252.

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Abstract Background Prolonged sitting is common in older adults and is associated with insulin resistance and poor cardiometabolic health. We investigate whether breaking prolonged sitting with regular short bouts of standing or light walking improves postprandial metabolism in older white European and South Asian adults and whether effects are modified by ethnic group. Methods Thirty South Asian (15 women) and 30 white European (14 women) older adults (aged 65–79 years) undertook three experimental conditions in random order. (a) Prolonged sitting: continuous sitting during an observation period if 7.5 hours consuming two standardized mixed meals. (b) Standing breaks: sitting interrupted with 5 minutes of standing every 30 minutes (accumulating 60 minutes of standing over the observation period). (c) Walking breaks: sitting interrupted with 5 minutes of self-paced light walking every 30 minutes (accumulating 60 minutes of walking). Blood samples (glucose, insulin, triglycerides) and blood pressure were sampled regularly throughout each condition. Results Compared with prolonged sitting, walking breaks lowered postprandial insulin by 16.3 mU/L, (95% CI: 19.7, 22.0) with greater reductions (p = .029) seen in South Asians (22.4 mU/L; 12.4, 32.4) than white Europeans (10.3 mU/L; 5.9, 14.7). Glucose (0.3 mmol/L; 0.1, 0.5) and blood pressure (4 mm Hg; 2, 6), but not triglycerides, were lower with walking breaks, with no ethnic differences. Standing breaks did not improve any outcome. Conclusions Breaking prolonged sitting with short bouts of light walking, but not standing, resulted in clinically meaningful improvements in markers of metabolic health in older adults, with South Asians gaining a greater reduction in postprandial insulin. Trial Registration NCT02453204

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Carvalho, André L. M., Juliana P. Martins, Enrico Salvati, Tan Sui, and Alexander M. Korsunsky. "Crack surface morphology and grain misorientation in fatigued aluminium alloy AA7050 samples after interrupted ageing and retrogression-reageing treatments." Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016): 3697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.459.

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Aronson, Stephen M., Bart VanBaelen, and Paul Kershaw. "P2-275 Greater benefits for patients receiving sustained vs. interrupted treatment with galantamine." Neurobiology of Aging 25 (July 2004): S310—S311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(04)81020-0.

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Raj, Kenneth, and Steve Horvath. "Current perspectives on the cellular and molecular features of epigenetic ageing." Experimental Biology and Medicine 245, no. 17 (April 10, 2020): 1532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370220918329.

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It has been noted for quite some time that DNA methylation levels decline with age. The significance of this change remained unknown until it became possible to measure methylation status of specific sites on the DNA. It was observed that while the methylation of some sites does indeed decrease with age, that of others increase or remain unchanged. The application of machine learning methods to these quantitative changes in multiple sites, allowed the generation of a highly accurate estimator of age, called the epigenetic clock. The application of this clock on large human epidemiological data sets revealed that discordance between the predicted (epigenetic age) and chronological age is associated with many age-related pathologies, particularly when the former is greater than the latter. The epigenetic clock clearly captures to some degree, biological features that accompany the ageing process. Despite the ever-increasing scope of pathologies that are found to be associated with accelerated epigenetic ageing, the basic principles that underlie the ticking of the clock remain elusive. Here, we describe the known molecular and cellular attributes of the clock and consider their properties, and proffer opinions as to how they may be connected and what might be the underlying mechanism. Emerging from these considerations is the inescapable view that epigenetic ageing begins from very early moments after the embryonic stem cell stage and continues un-interrupted through the entire life-course. This appears to be a consequence of processes that are necessary for the development of the organism from conception and to maintain it thereafter through homeostasis. Hence, while the speed of ageing can, and is affected by external factors, the essence of the ageing process itself is an integral part of, and the consequence of the development of life. Impact statement The field of epigenetic ageing is relatively new, and the speed of its expansion presents a challenge in keeping abreast with new discoveries and their implications. Several reviews have already addressed the great number of pathologies, health conditions, life-style, and external stressors that are associated with changes to the rate of epigenetic ageing. While these associations highlight and affirm the ability of epigenetic clock to capture biologically meaningful changes associated with age, they do not inform us about the underlying mechanisms. In this very early period since the development of the clock, there have been rather limited experimental research that are aimed at uncovering the mechanism. Hence, the perspective that we proffer is derived from available but nevertheless limited lines of evidence that together provide a seemingly coherent narrative that can be tested. This, we believe would be helpful towards uncovering the workings of the epigenetic clock.

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Wu, Rui, and Rolf Sandstro¨m. "Carbide Coarsening During Creep in 12 Percent CrMoV Steel." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2805946.

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Carbide coarsening has been investigated in a 12 percent CrMoV steel. Studies in the gauge length (creep exposed) and in the head (stress free ageing) for both interrupted and ruptured creep specimens tested at an initial stress of 80 MPa at various temperatures and at 600°C at different initial stresses have been performed. The measured quantities include hardness, carbide sizes in the tempered martensite, at the former austenite grain boundaries and at the δ-ferrite boundaries as well as mean free distance between carbides, total number of carbides, and carbide size distribution. The contributions to the increase of strain rate in the tertiary creep are discussed in terms of plastic deformation, cavitation accumulation, and microstructural degradation. By using a strain and strain rate relation, expressions to quantitatively account for each contribution to increase of strain rate are given. The increase of strain rate, thereby rupture, is mainly caused by the microstructural degradation due to carbide coarsening and by the cavitation accumulation.

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Kim, Jae-Hyun, and Yunhwan Lee. "Implementation of long-term care and hospital utilization: Results of segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series study." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 78 (September 2018): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2018.07.007.

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Gilman, Sid, Martin Koller, Ronald S. Black, Lisa Jenkins, Sue G. Griffith, Nick C. Fox, Larry Eisner, et al. "O4-05-07 Neuropsychological, CSF, and neuropathological effects of A-beta immunotherapy (AN1792) of Alzheimer's disease in an interrupted trial." Neurobiology of Aging 25 (July 2004): S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(04)80286-0.

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Wu, Xiafang, Ru Sun, Huihui Wang, Bei Yang, Fang Wang, Hongtao Xu, Shimin Chen, Rui Zhao, Jingbo Pi, and Yuanyuan Xu. "Enhanced p62-NRF2 Feedback Loop due to Impaired Autophagic Flux Contributes to Arsenic-Induced Malignant Transformation of Human Keratinocytes." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (October 30, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1038932.

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Chronic exposure to arsenic induces a variety of cancers, particularly in the skin. Autophagy is a highly conserved process which plays a dual role in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we found that chronic exposure to an environmentally relevant dose of arsenite induced malignant transformation of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) with dysregulated autophagy as indicated by an increased number of autophagosomes, activation of mTORC1 pathway, and elevated protein levels of p62 and LC3II. Meanwhile, arsenite-transformed cells showed lower intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species compared with control. Silencing p62 ameliorated elevation in mRNA levels of NRF2 downstream genes (AKR1C1 and NQO1) and malignant phenotypes (acquired invasiveness and anchor-independent growth) induced by chronic arsenite exposure. On the other hand, silencing NRF2 abrogated the increase in mRNA and protein levels of p62 and malignant phenotypes induced by arsenite. In response to acute arsenite exposure, impaired autophagic flux with an increase in p62 protein level and interrupted autophagosome-lysosome fusion was observed. The increase in p62 protein levels in response to arsenite was not completely dependent on NRF2 activation and at least partially attributed to protein degradation. Our data indicate that accumulation of p62 by impaired autophagic flux is involved in the activation of NRF2 and contributes to skin tumorigenesis due to chronic arsenite exposure.

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Wu, Ne N., Yingmei Zhang, and Jun Ren. "Mitophagy, Mitochondrial Dynamics, and Homeostasis in Cardiovascular Aging." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (November 4, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9825061.

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Biological aging is an inevitable and independent risk factor for a wide array of chronic diseases including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Ample evidence has established a pivotal role for interrupted mitochondrial homeostasis in the onset and development of aging-related cardiovascular anomalies. A number of culprit factors have been suggested in aging-associated mitochondrial anomalies including oxidative stress, lipid toxicity, telomere shortening, metabolic disturbance, and DNA damage, with recent findings revealing a likely role for compromised mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial quality control machinery such as autophagy. Mitochondria undergo consistent fusion and fission, which are crucial for mitochondrial homeostasis and energy adaptation. Autophagy, in particular, mitochondria-selective autophagy, namely, mitophagy, refers to a highly conservative cellular process to degrade and clear long-lived or damaged cellular organelles including mitochondria, the function of which gradually deteriorates with increased age. Mitochondrial homeostasis could be achieved through a cascade of independent but closely related processes including fusion, fission, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis. With improved health care and increased human longevity, the ever-rising aging society has imposed a high cardiovascular disease prevalence. It is thus imperative to understand the role of mitochondrial homeostasis in the regulation of lifespan and healthspan. Targeting mitochondrial homeostasis should offer promising novel therapeutic strategies against aging-related complications, particularly cardiovascular diseases.

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Fröck, Hannes, Matthias Graser, Benjamin Milkereit, Michael Reich, Michael Lechner, Marion Merklein, and Olaf Kessler. "Precipitation Behaviour and Mechanical Properties during Short-Term Heat Treatment for Tailor Heat Treated Profiles (THTP) of Aluminium Alloy 6060 T4." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 400–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.400.

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Precipitation hardening aluminium alloys are widely used for automotive applications. To enhance the application of aluminium profiles, improved formability is needed. Tailor Heat Treated Profiles (THTP) with locally different material properties attempt to increase formability e.g. in bending processes. Tailoring of local properties is obtained by a local short-term heat treatment, dissolving the initial precipitate state (retrogression) and still allowing subsequent ageing. In the present study, the dissolution and precipitation behaviour of the aluminium alloy EN AW-6060 T4 was investigated during heating with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Heating curves from 20 to 600 °C with heating rates of 0.01 up to 5 K/s were recorded. Interrupted heat treatments with different maximum temperatures were performed in a deformation dilatometer. Immediately afterwards, tensile tests were carried out at room temperature. The course of the recorded mechanical properties as a function of the maximum temperature is discussed with regard to the dissolution and precipitation behaviour during heating. Finally, the aging behaviour of the investigated alloy was recorded after different typical short-term heat treatments and is discussed with reference to the DSC‐curves. The correlation of the microstructure and the mechanical properties enables the derivation of optimal parameters for the development of THTP through a local softening.

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Atef H. Khatib, Ayman M. Hamdan- Mansour, Hamza F. Ratrout, Atallah Alenezi, and Tala R. Chahien. "TESTING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED ELDERLY CARE MODEL ON QUALITY OF CARE AND HEALTH OUTCOMES AMONG HOSPITALIZED ELDERLIES IN WEST BANK." Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 20, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.20/no.1/art.559.

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The rapid increase in the ageing population and health conditions are imposing a higher challenge to the health care system that requires multidisciplinary teamwork utilizing coordinated care approach. This study examined the effects of integrated care model on quality of care received by older hospitalized patients in West Bank. A quantitative interrupted time series design (pretest and posttest multiple time series, quasi-experiment design) was used. The study examined the effects of integrated care model on admitted older patients (n=32) in the West Bank measuring ten dimensions of quality of care and four health indicators. There was a significant improvement in the dimensions of quality of care: dimensions: nurses’ communications with patients, physicians’ communications with patients, staff response to patients’ needs, pain management, explanations on medications, amount of information given on discharge plan, patients' area cleanliness, patients' area quietness, rating of the hospital, and willingness to recommend the hospital. Incidence of falls and incidence of pressure ulcer improved after implementing the model, while readmission rate and average length of stay did not improve. This study contributed to the limited body of knowledge related to the effect of integrated care model on hospitalized older patients’ quality of care in Palestine/ West Bank. Integrated care has the potential to improve care outcomes among hospitalized older patients.

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Zheng, Yifeng, Pengxi Liu, Neng Wang, Shengqi Wang, Bowen Yang, Min Li, Jianping Chen, et al. "Betulinic Acid Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis by Targeting GRP78-Mediated Glycolysis and ER Stress Apoptotic Pathway." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (August 19, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8781690.

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Targeting aberrant metabolism is a promising strategy for inhibiting cancer growth and metastasis. Research is now geared towards investigating the inhibition of glycolysis for anticancer drug development. Betulinic acid (BA) has demonstrated potent anticancer activities in multiple malignancies. However, its regulatory effects on glycolysis and the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. BA inhibited invasion and migration of highly aggressive breast cancer cells. Moreover, BA could suppress aerobic glycolysis of breast cancer cells presenting as a reduction of lactate production, quiescent energy phenotype transition, and downregulation of aerobic glycolysis-related proteins. In this study, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was also identified as the molecular target of BA in inhibiting aerobic glycolysis. BA treatment led to GRP78 overexpression, and GRP78 knockdown abrogated the inhibitory effect of BA on glycolysis. Further studies demonstrated that overexpressed GRP78 activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress sensor PERK. Subsequent phosphorylation of eIF2α led to the inhibition of β-catenin expression, which resulted in the inhibition of c-Myc-mediated glycolysis. Coimmunoprecipitation assay revealed that BA interrupted the binding between GRP78 and PERK, thereby initiating the glycolysis inhibition cascade. Finally, the lung colonization model validated that BA inhibited breast cancer metastasis in vivo, as well as suppressed the expression of aerobic glycolysis-related proteins. In conclusion, our study not only provided a promising drug for aerobic glycolysis inhibition but also revealed that GRP78 is a novel molecular link between glycolytic metabolism and ER stress during tumor metastasis.

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MÖHRING, KATJA. "Is there a motherhood penalty in retirement income in Europe? The role of lifecourse and institutional characteristics." Ageing and Society 38, no. 12 (August 22, 2017): 2560–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000812.

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ABSTRACTThis study examines the retirement income of women in Europe, focusing on the effect of motherhood. Due to their more interrupted working careers compared to non-mothers and fathers, mothers are likely to accumulate fewer pension entitlements, and consequently, to receive lower incomes in later life. However, pension systems in Europe vary widely in the degree to which they compensate for care-related career interruptions by means of redistributive elements or pension care entitlements. Therefore, care interruptions may matter for the retirement income of women in some countries, but may be rather irrelevant in others. On the basis of life history data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARELIFE) for women aged between 60 and 75 years in 13 European countries, the interplay of individual lifecourse characteristics with institutional and structural factors is examined. The results show that the lower retirement income of mothers is mainly a result of fewer years in employment and lower-status jobs throughout the lifecourse. The analysis of institutional factors reveals that pension care entitlements are not able to provide a compensation for care-related cutbacks in working life. A generally redistributive design of the pension system including basic or targeted pension schemes, in contrast, appears as an effective measure to balance differences in employment participation over the lifecourse.

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Imaekhai, Lawrence. "Low Back Pain and its Assessment among Commercial Fishermen in Agenebode: An Ergonomic Perspective." Journal of Advances in Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37121/jase.v1i1.4.

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In a research done amongst commercial fishermen in Agenebode (Lat. 7.11oN, 6.69oE), the problem low back pain is significant in the fishing business. Research information is scarce on the investigation of the ergonomic stress of professional fishing. Moreover, there is no prior analysis, which investigates the relationship between low back stress (LBS) and low back pain (LBP) in fishing activities. This paper aims to measure the LBS during the gillnet and commercial crab fishing activities as well as to verify the correlation between the low back pain occurrences and those stresses reported in study of Agenebode commercial fishermen during the period (April 2017 – July 2017). A sample of 30 commercial fishermen considered in this study were exposed to LBS and the frequency of the fishing activities was assessed using questionnaire with crab pot and gillnet fishermen. The occurrence rate ratios (RR, 95% CI) of low back pain, which interrupted fishing, exposed to the high LBS and self-reported task was modelled on the basis of the multivariate generalised Poisson regression. It was observed that increased rates of low back pain correlates with the percent of time fishermen were exposed to discomforted postures. Handling of heavy loads during the loading and unloading activities generated lifting indices and high compression values, but with little overall work time (<15%). The results establish that neither ergonomic measure nor fishing task frequency alone can accurately predict LBP. Conversely, ageing, history of the LBP and self-selection out of tasks, perhaps, are significant factors that contributes to the LBS and outcomes observed

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Morpurgo, Valeria Egidi. "Midlife - Maturity and Creativity." Romanian Journal of Psychoanalysis 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjp-2019-0022.

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Abstract Midlife is an age of crisis according to many authors, as it sets the subject up against the inevitability of the ageing process, loss, and the limitedness of life. Most authors view midlife as an age of crisis where everything can be staked back into the game. But some other authors have highlighted how midlife is characterised by a new burst of creativity, by new object investments and by a redressing of the balance between narcissism (which decreases) and object investments for which a larger share of the libido becomes available. The Author thinks that it seems worthwhile to make a distinction between midlife, as indicative of a phase of life, and maturity, construed as a psychic position which is relatively independent of age. Therefore, she explores the creativity area of the trans-generational transmission, quoting some psychoanalysts and poets, and introducing a clinical example of the mourning process for losses inherent in the passing of time and the development of tolerance capacities to deal with a change in the balance between the libido and narcissism. Then the Author affords a specific difficulty in transmitting a trans-generational mandate, when the treatment concerns cases of severe trauma, like victims of collective trauma and mass murders. What can be transmitted in these cases if the psychological concatenation between the generations is interrupted and breaks down? How can it be linked up again? The story and re-elaboration by Henri Parens is brought as an example to be studied and commented.

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Flores-Villa, Lorna, Jemima Unwin, and Peter Raynham. "Assessing the impact of daylight exposure on sleep quality of people over 65 years old." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 2 (January 21, 2020): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419899522.

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Due to our social behaviours, people spend at least 80% of their time indoors, mostly under artificial light. In research and building design, daylight is considered a valuable asset because it is the primary source of free, good quality light and it is suggested that it has a positive influence on human performance, health and sleep quality. There is a tendency in the population for increasingly poor sleep quality with age, and this affects at least 50% of the elderly population. Research on sleep disruption has found that especially in the elderly population, interrupted sleep can affect alertness, cognitive performance and mood. This increases the risk of falls, increases fatigue and reduces some other mental functions. Exposure to daylight (indoors and outdoors) is expected to reduce sleep disruption. Physical activities and sleep quality were assessed using 32 participants living independently in the UK, aged between 65 and 95 years old. The study was divided into two seasons due to a considerable difference in daylight availability in summer and winter. In each season participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and a seven-day sleep diary/log activity; where time spent outdoors was identified. It was expected that participants who reported less exposure to daylight during summer and winter would report worse sleep quality. However, this was not the case; subjective sleep quality did not differ greatly between summer and winter, even though exposure to daylight varies greatly between seasons. This study explores the relationship between exposure to daylight throughout two different seasons and people’s chronotypes, physical activities and sleep quality (between and within participants). This information is essential to find means of supporting an ageing population. Practical applications: In the built environment, daylight is an important feature to consider for the occupant’s health and wellbeing. This research provides real-world insight into the amount of daylight that active aged people are exposed to during two seasons in London, and how this could impact their overall sleep quality. The findings suggest that exposure to daylight could benefit people over 65 years old with poor sleep quality by reducing the number of awakenings during the night. This research provides a step towards understanding how daylight exposure effects people, and can be used to inform housing design for the ageing population.

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Naumann, U., A. Moll, D. Schleehauf, T. Lutz, W. Schmidt, H. Jaeger, B. Funke, and V. Witte. "Similar efficacy and tolerability of raltegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients, irrespective of age group, burden of comorbidities and concomitant medication: Real-life analysis of the German ‘WIP’ cohort." International Journal of STD & AIDS 28, no. 9 (November 14, 2016): 893–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462416679550.

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Only limited efficacy and tolerability data on raltegravir (RAL) use are currently available. Study objectives were to describe the efficacy and tolerability profile of RAL-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in routine clinical practice in Germany. The WIP study (WIP = “Wirksamkeit von Isentress unter Praxisbedingungen”, Efficacy of Isentress under routine clinical conditions) was a prospective, multi-centre cohort study in Germany. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients aged ≥ 18 years in whom combinational ART with RAL 400 mg BID was indicated were enrolled. The primary endpoint was virologic response (HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL; non-completion equals failure) after 48 weeks. Of 451 patients, 85.1% (n = 384) were still receiving RAL at week 48. At baseline (BL), the prevalence of concomitant diseases was higher in patients of the age group ≥50 years (94.2% vs. 75.7%) as well as concomitant medications (74.8 % vs. 55.4%). Virologic response at week 48 was 74.7% (overall), 75.0% (naïve at BL), 81.5% (suppressed at BL), 47.1% (interrupted previous treatment at BL) and 64.9% (failing at BL), without significant differences by age group. A significant correlation of achievement of HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL was seen with treatment status at BL (p = 0.004). In addition, 77.3 % of the patients with a CD4 cell count >200 cells/µL at BL achieved HIV-RNA <50 copies/mL (p = 0.029). RAL was well tolerated with 80 adverse events (AEs) in 49 patients (10.9%) and 8 serious AEs (SAEs) in 6 patients (1.3%) reported to be drug related. A total of 22 patients (4.9%) discontinued treatment due to AEs. The WIP study shows that the previously reported efficacy and safety profile of RAL can be achieved in a population with multiple comorbidities and comedications, with no major difference observed in ageing patients (≥50 years) vs. younger patients. RAL is therefore an attractive treatment option in routine medical care in Germany.

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Grigoryeva, Luydmila Anatolyevna, N. k. Tokarevich, O. A. Freilikhman, E. P. Samoylova, and G. A. Lunina. "Seasonal changes in populations of sheep tick, Ixodes ricinus (L., 1758) (Acari: Ixodinae) in natural biotopes of St. Petersburg and Leningrad province, Russian Federation." Systematic and Applied Acarology 24, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.24.4.14.

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Changes in the seasonal activity and age composition of adults and nymphs in populations of the Ixodes ricinus in northwestern Russia have been studied. Adult ticks and nymphs were collected on flag twice a month from April to October in 2014–2016. They were investigated for biological age (light-optical preparations of the midgut after staining fat with Sudan III). DNA isolated from ticks was analyzed using real-time PCR (fluorescent probe technology) for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. pathogens based on amplification of the 16SrRNA and Hbb gene fragments. The season of activity of the adults shows one peak, the largest numbers show up in July–August (September). The population of adults is composed of two generations. The first generation is active from the beginning of the season until nearly its end, mid-October. Until the end of June, young individuals with large fat reserves predominate in the population. From July to the end of September, the adult population is formed mainly of mature individuals. Older individuals in the population appear from mid-July, and become dominating only in August and, mainly, in September. Ticks of the second generation, as young individuals, were recorded from the end of August until the end of the season of activity. The active nymphs were captured from late April until late October. The season of activity of nymphs begins and ends with a 100% content of young individuals. The spring population (April–May) consists of young nymphs, in June the proportions of young and mature are equalized, in July and August the ratio of mature and old nymphs is balanced, in September old individuals prevail, which were not found in October. The first generation is the nymphs who have hatched from August to October during the previous season, and the second one is the nymphs hatching in August of the current year. The lifespan of adults and nymphs can reach 13–15 months. The proportion of infected ticks in May and June is 24.5% and 25%, with the highest rates of in the young (10–12 months) part of population (70–85% of individuals). In July, the number of mature (12–13 months) individuals increases (up to 75–95%), at the same time the average values of infection fall to 20.8%. In August, the shares of mature (45–55%) and old -13–15 months (45–55%) individuals are approximately balanced. Borrelia contamination is also decreasing (14.3%). In September, the number of mature individuals (29.7%) was about 2 times lower than the old ones (65.3%), and the infection rate decreased to 11.4%. The population of nymphs and adults is composed of two tick generations in the season of activity. The season of activity of adult ticks is holistic; it is not interrupted during the summer months. Infection of adults with Borrelia decreases simultaneously with the ageing of the population.

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Zamudio-Rodríguez, Alfonso, Luc Letenneur, Catherine Féart, José Alberto Avila-Funes, Hélène Amieva, and Karine Pérès. "The disability process: is there a place for frailty?" Age and Ageing 49, no. 5 (May 4, 2020): 764–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa031.

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Abstract Background frailty and disability are very common in older adults; they share some risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms. Yet, they are different clinical entities. Objectives this study aimed to explore a potential hierarchical relationship between frailty and disability along the continuum of the disablement process. Design prospective cohort study. Setting the French Three-City (3C) study. Subjects the sample included 943 participants aged 75 and older. Methods the Fried frailty phenotype, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were used. We distinguished between four mutually excluding groups: (i) robust (no frailty and no disability); (ii) pure frailty (no disability); (iii) frailty with IADL disability (no ADL disability) and (iv) frailty with IADL and ADL disabilities. We used Cox’s regression models to study the 4-year mortality risk associated with each status. Results Eight-two per cent of participants were classified according to the assumed hierarchy: 61.3% was robust, 5.4% frail, 10.5% frail and IADL-disabled and 4.8% frail, IADL and ADL-disabled. An extra group of 17% was identified with IADL-disabled individuals without frailty. This extra group was similar to pure frailty in terms of characteristics and risk of death, placing them along the continuum at an intermediate stage between robustness and the two most disabled sub-groups. Conclusions our findings suggest that including frailty along the continuum could be relevant to describe the whole disablement process. Frailty would occur upstream of the process and might be relevant to identify an opportune time window, where specific monitoring and clinical interventions could be implemented in order to interrupt the process at a potentially more reversible stage.

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Bleisch, S., D. Hil, S. Korkut, and P. Meyer. "CHALLENGES OF A MODERN ATLAS OF THE AGEING SOCIETY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 8, 2016): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b2-369-2016.

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Atlases are collections of illustrated data, often maps, which give an overview - as well as some details - of one or several topic areas. We noted that this description serves well especially for traditional paper and digital atlases. However, in our today's world of entertainment it might give a somewhat dated impression. For the topic area 'Ageing Society' we aim to visualise age related data in an interactive digital way that supports not only the content but also engages the users, offers opportunities for different stakeholders and levels of interest, and is able to accommodate a range of data as well as future updates. A set of guiding principles for the development process addresses these challenges. First implementations show that following the principles is feasible but expensive in terms of time and attention to detail needed. For each selected topic, a story guides the users through the data and highlights interesting aspects. The user can interrupt the story at any time and explore the data further through interacting with the detailed data representations, and switch back to the story when needed. This allows different levels of access which in combination with the specifically designed navigation concept as well as through the adherence to user aware design principles are very promising for the future developments of the Atlas of the Ageing Society and potentially other atlas products.

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Bleisch, S., D. Hil, S. Korkut, and P. Meyer. "CHALLENGES OF A MODERN ATLAS OF THE AGEING SOCIETY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (June 8, 2016): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-369-2016.

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Atlases are collections of illustrated data, often maps, which give an overview - as well as some details - of one or several topic areas. We noted that this description serves well especially for traditional paper and digital atlases. However, in our today's world of entertainment it might give a somewhat dated impression. For the topic area 'Ageing Society' we aim to visualise age related data in an interactive digital way that supports not only the content but also engages the users, offers opportunities for different stakeholders and levels of interest, and is able to accommodate a range of data as well as future updates. A set of guiding principles for the development process addresses these challenges. First implementations show that following the principles is feasible but expensive in terms of time and attention to detail needed. For each selected topic, a story guides the users through the data and highlights interesting aspects. The user can interrupt the story at any time and explore the data further through interacting with the detailed data representations, and switch back to the story when needed. This allows different levels of access which in combination with the specifically designed navigation concept as well as through the adherence to user aware design principles are very promising for the future developments of the Atlas of the Ageing Society and potentially other atlas products.

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DeLuca, Elisabetta, Monique Smeets, Meaghan Wall, Julie Quach, Andrew Deans, Jorg Heierhorst, Louise E. Purton, David Izon, and Carl R. Walkley. "A Mouse Model Of Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome Reveals An Essential Role For Recql4 In Maintenance Of Hematopoiesis." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.591.591.

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Abstract Rothmund-Thomson Syndrome (RTS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that presents with congenital skeletal malformations, premature ageing and an increased incidence of malignant disease including osteosarcoma and hematologic malignancy. The majority of RTS patients have deleterious germ-line mutations in the RECQL4 helicase. RECQL4 is a member of a family of DNA helicases including Bloom (BLM) and Werner (WRN) syndrome helicases and is thought to play an important role in maintaining chromosome stability. Recql4 deficiency is associated with karyotypic abnormalities and increased rates of aneuploidy. To enable lineage-restricted deletion of Recql4 we generated a mouse Recql4fl/fl line where exon 9 and 10 are flanked by loxP sites. This region encodes the start of the ATP dependent helicase domain and corresponds to human exons 8 and 9, mutations of which are commonly associated with cancers in RTS patients. Germ-line deletion of Recql4 led to embryonic lethality before E10.5. To understand the role of Recql4 in adult hematopoiesis, Rosa26-CreERT2 Recql4+/+, Recql4fl/+ and Recql4fl/fl mice were fed a tamoxifen containing diet (which activates Cre) for up to 4 weeks from 7 weeks of age to somatically delete Recql4. The most striking phenotype observed in these mice was that all R26-CreERT2 Recql4fl/fl animals became anaemic and developed white extremities, which in nearly all cases necessitated euthanasia by 30 days after starting tamoxifen. No differences were observed between R26-CreERT2Recql4+/+ and R26-CreERT2Recql4fl/+. Hematopoietic analyses revealed a severe multi-lineage cytopenia including profound red cell aplasia in the peripheral blood, spleen and bone marrow of Recql4 deficient animals. Effects were observed across all lineages with myeloid, B-lymphoid and T-lymphoid cell numbers severely reduced with a phenotype consistent with acute bone marrow failure. Loss of Recql4 led to a block in B-lymphoid development in the BM at the PrePro-B to Pro-B cell stage. T-lymphoid development was severely interrupted and most populations in the thymus were impacted. Within the stem and progenitor fractions, phenotypic HSCs were preserved in the absence of Recql4 but we found that the erythroid progenitors were nearly completely lost and only CMP/GMP remained. Colony formation was reduced by ∼70% in the deleted bone marrow. Bone marrow transplantation was used to assess the functionality of the Recql4 deleted HSCs. Strikingly, and consistently observed using both R26-CreERT2 and an additional hScl-CreER model, there was a strong selection against deficient cells and a recovery of hematopoiesis by cells with incomplete deletion of Recql4. This result demonstrates an essential role for Recql4 in the maintenance of hematopoiesis. In vitro B and T cell cultures recapitulated the developmental defects observed in the R26-CreERT2 Recql4fl/fl demonstrating a cell intrinsic requirement for Recql4. Loss of Recql4 lead to an accumulation of cells in S-phase and increased levels of DNA damage as measured by gH2Ax staining. Interestingly, the failure in B cell, T cell development and LKS+ CFC formation could be rescued by overexpression of a either WT or a helicase-dead Recql4-K508A mutant. Collectively these data demonstrate that Recql4 is essential for the maintenance of hematopoiesis and acts to maintain the committed progenitor pool. Loss of Recql4 leads to bone marrow failure, demonstrating a unique requirement for Recql4 in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Galovic, Marian, Jane de Tisi, Andrew W. McEvoy, Anna Miserocchi, Sjoerd B. Vos, Giuseppe Borzi, Juana Cueva Rosillo, et al. "Resective surgery prevents progressive cortical thinning in temporal lobe epilepsy." Brain 143, no. 11 (November 2020): 3262–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awaa284.

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Abstract Focal epilepsy in adults is associated with progressive atrophy of the cortex at a rate more than double that of normal ageing. We aimed to determine whether successful epilepsy surgery interrupts progressive cortical thinning. In this longitudinal case-control neuroimaging study, we included subjects with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) before (n = 29) or after (n = 56) anterior temporal lobe resection and healthy volunteers (n = 124) comparable regarding age and sex. We measured cortical thickness on paired structural MRI scans in all participants and compared progressive thinning between groups using linear mixed effects models. Compared to ageing-related cortical thinning in healthy subjects, we found progressive cortical atrophy on vertex-wise analysis in TLE before surgery that was bilateral and localized beyond the ipsilateral temporal lobe. In these regions, we observed accelerated annualized thinning in left (left TLE 0.0192 ± 0.0014 versus healthy volunteers 0.0032 ± 0.0013 mm/year, P < 0.0001) and right (right TLE 0.0198 ± 0.0016 versus healthy volunteers 0.0037 ± 0.0016 mm/year, P < 0.0001) presurgical TLE cases. Cortical thinning in these areas was reduced after surgical resection of the left (0.0074 ± 0.0016 mm/year, P = 0.0006) or right (0.0052 ± 0.0020 mm/year, P = 0.0006) anterior temporal lobe. Directly comparing the post- versus presurgical TLE groups on vertex-wise analysis, the areas of postoperatively reduced thinning were in both hemispheres, particularly, but not exclusively, in regions that were affected preoperatively. Participants who remained completely seizure-free after surgery had no more progressive thinning than that observed during normal ageing. Those with postoperative seizures had small areas of continued accelerated thinning after surgery. Thus, successful epilepsy surgery prevents progressive cortical atrophy that is observed in TLE and may be potentially neuroprotective. This effect was more pronounced in those who remained seizure-free after temporal lobe resection, normalizing the rate of atrophy to that of normal ageing. These results provide evidence of epilepsy surgery preventing further cerebral damage and provide incentives for offering early surgery in refractory TLE.

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Вохмина, Yu Vokhmina, Джумагалиева, L. Dzhumagalieva, Хадарцева, K. Khadartseva, Филатова, and O. Filatova. "Philosophical aspects of homeostasis for biosystems: from human body to societies and earth biosphere." Complexity. Mind. Postnonclassic 3, no. 2 (May 21, 2014): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/5517.

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V.I. Vernadsky´s ideas of individual autotrophy should be extended to social autotro-phy. Russia has three order parameters that pretend us from evolving; we "flicker" within some bounded space. From the prospective of theory of chaos and self-organization we should decide where the final attractor is and move to there. American and European developmental models have no perspectives for evolution, but the initial vector of development was chosen right. Thus, not each motion is evolution, since evolution means shifting center of quasi-attractors. Each system element (each person in society) is important to participate, otherwise, evolution will not happen. A leader cannot provide evolution of all society, but he can simply interrupt the process (to choose wrong vector of development is enough). Human organism has organs that are main and that also can stop evolution of the body (as ageing) or hold fatal outcome, although death is teleologically determined in contrast to society.

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Bershteyn, Anna, Daniel J. Klein, and Philip A. Eckhoff. "Age-dependent partnering and the HIV transmission chain: a microsimulation analysis." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 88 (November 6, 2013): 20130613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0613.

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Efficient planning and evaluation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention programmes requires an understanding of what sustains the epidemic, including the mechanism by which HIV transmission keeps pace with the ageing of the infected population. Recently, more detailed population models have been developed which represent the epidemic with sufficient detail to characterize the dynamics of ongoing transmission. Here, we describe the structure and parameters of such a model, called EMOD-HIV v. 0.7. We analyse the chains of transmission that allow the HIV epidemic to propagate across age groups in this model. In order to prevent the epidemic from dying out, the virus must find younger victims faster than its extant victims age and die. The individuals who enable such transmission events in EMOD-HIV v. 0.7 are higher concurrency, co-infected males aged 26–29 and females aged 23–24. Prevention programmes that target these populations could efficiently interrupt the mechanisms that allow HIV to transmit at a pace that is faster than the progress of time.

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Rubio, María Emilia Vidargas, Dra Iliana Herrera, Dra Abigail Valdez Bartolo, and Dra Ivette Buendia Roldan. "CORRELATION OF TELOMERE LENGTH SHORTENING WITH SMOKING." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 1 (February 6, 2021): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i1.2021.3113.

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Background: Telomeres are DNA sequences that can be found at the ends of chromosomes, and prevent them from being damaged, they show shortening every time with the cell division, and when it is below a minimal length, the cells interrupt their cell cycle. Cigarette smoke contains chemical compounds that contribute to the oxidative damage in cells. Method: subjects over 65 years old belonging to the INER ageing cohort, residents of Mexico City and asymptomatic respiratory patients were studied. A questionary was applied on demographic characteristics, smoking habits (active and passive), and the study groups were identified as active smoking (AS), passive smoking (PS) and non-exposed subjects (NE). Telomere length was measured in a serum sample using the quantitative method based on RT-PCR. Results: We compared clinical data and telomere length of 333 subjects, showing that non-exposed group are below the 10th percentile, with the smallest telomere size (NE 1.38 + 0.36 vs PS 1.50 + 0.40 and AS 1.41 +0.43). Conclusion: There is no evidence that telomere shortening have increased as a result of active or passive smoking. It is suggested that smoking is not the only one responsible for the presence of shorter telomeres.

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Radman, Miroslav. "Cellular parabiosis and the latency of age-related diseases." Open Biology 9, no. 3 (March 2019): 180250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.180250.

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Cellular parabiosis is tissue-based phenotypic suppression of cellular dysfunction by intercellular molecular traffic keeping initiated age-related diseases and conditions in long latency. Interruption of cellular parabiosis (e.g. by chronic inflammation) promotes the onset of initiated pathologies. The stability of initiated latent cancers and other age-related diseases (ARD) hints to phenotypically silent genome alterations. I propose that latency in the onset of ageing and ARD is largely due to phenotypic suppression of cellular dysfunctions via molecular traffic among neighbouring cells. Intercellular trafficking ranges from the transfer of ions and metabolites (via gap junctions) to entire organelles (via tunnelling nanotubes). Any mechanism of cell-to-cell communication resulting in functional cross-complementation among the cells is called cellular parabiosis . Such ‘cellular solidarity’ creates tissue homeostasis by buffering defects and averaging cellular functions within the tissues. Chronic inflammation is known to (i) interrupt cellular parabiosis by the activity of extracellular proteases, (ii) activate dormant pathologies and (iii) shorten disease latency, as in tumour promotion and inflammaging. Variation in cellular parabiosis and protein oxidation can account for interspecies correlations between body mass, ARD latency and longevity. Now, prevention of ARD onset by phenotypic suppression, and healing by phenotypic reversion, become conceivable.

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Matta, Samuele, Laura Giorgia Rizzi, and Alberto Frache. "PET Foams Surface Treated with Graphene Nanoplatelets: Evaluation of Thermal Resistance and Flame Retardancy." Polymers 13, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13040501.

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In this work, fire-retardant systems consisting of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and dispersant agents were designed and applied on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foam. Manual deposition from three different liquid solutions was performed in order to create a protective coating on the specimen’s surface. A very low amount of coating, between 1.5 and 3.5 wt%, was chosen for the preparation of coated samples. Flammability, flame penetration, and combustion tests demonstrated the improvement provided to the foam via coating. In particular, specimens with PSS/GNPs coating, compared to neat foam, were able to interrupt the flame during horizontal and vertical flammability tests and led to longer endurance times during the flame penetration test. Furthermore, during cone calorimetry tests, the time to ignition (TTI) increased and the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) was drastically reduced by up to 60% compared to that of the uncoated PET foam. Finally, ageing for 48 and 115 h at 160 °C was performed on coated specimens to evaluate the effect on flammability and combustion behavior. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images proved the morphological effect of the heat treatment on the surface, showing that the coating was uniformly distributed. In this case, fire-retardant properties were enhanced, even if fewer GNPs were used.

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Liang, Wei, Junfeng Shi, Haiyan Xia, and Xiaowei Wei. "A Novel Ruthenium-Fluvastatin Complex Downregulates SNCG Expression to Modulate Breast Carcinoma Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis via Activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF/MMP9 Pathway." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (June 6, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5537737.

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Breast cancer is the most common cause of malignancy and cancer-related morbidity and death worldwide that requests effective and safe chemotherapy. Evaluation of metallodrug-based anticancer agents and statins as chemotherapeutics with fewer side effects is a largely unexplored research field. Synthesis and characterization of the ruthenium-fluvastatin complex were achieved using multiple spectroscopic techniques and thus further examined to evaluate its chemotherapeutic prospects in both MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cancer lines and eventually in vivo models of DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rodents. Our studies indicate that the metal and ligand chelation was materialized by the ligand’s functional groups of carbonyl (=O) oxygen and hydroxyl (-OH), and the complex has been observed to be crystalline and able to chelate with CT-DNA. The complex was able to reduce cell proliferation and activate apoptotic events in breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. In addition, the complex was able to modify p53 expressions to interfere with apoptosis in the carcinoma of the breast, stimulated by the intrinsic apoptotic path assisted by Bcl2 and Bax in vivo, yet at the same point, controlling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF pathway, as obtained from western blotting, correlates with the MMP9-regulated tumor mechanisms. Our research reveals that ruthenium-fluvastatin chemotherapy may disrupt, rescind, or interrupt breast carcinoma progression by modifying intrinsic apoptosis as well as the antiangiogenic cascade, thereby taking the role of a potential candidate in cancer therapy for the immediate future.

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Leask, Calum F., Marlene Sandlund, Dawn A. Skelton, and Sebastien FM Chastin. "Co-creating a tailored public health intervention to reduce older adults’ sedentary behaviour." Health Education Journal 76, no. 5 (May 24, 2017): 595–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896917707785.

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Objective: The increasing health care costs associated with an ageing population and chronic disease burden are largely attributable to modifiable lifestyle factors that are complex and vary between individuals and settings. Traditional approaches to promoting healthy lifestyles have so far had limited success. Recently, co-creating public health interventions with end-users has been advocated to provide more effective and sustainable solutions. The aim of this study was to document and evaluate the co-creation of a public health intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in older adults. Design: Community-dwelling older adults ( N = 11, mean age = 74 years) and academic researchers attended 10 interactive co-creation workshops together. Setting: Workshops took place on university campus and the co-creators completed fieldwork tasks outside the workshops. Method: Workshops were informed by the Participatory and Appreciative Action and Reflection methodology. Data were collected using field notes, video recording and worksheet tasks. Analysis was conducted using a qualitative content analysis approach. Results: The co-creators developed a tailored intervention delivered through a mode congruent with older adults’ lives. Key elements of the intervention included (1) education on sedentary behaviour, (2) resources to interrupt sedentary behaviour, (3) self-monitoring, (4) action planning and (5) evaluating the benefits of interrupting sedentary behaviour. Conclusion: Co-creation is a feasible approach to develop public health interventions; however, it is limited by the lack of a systematic framework to guide the process. Future work should aim to develop principles and recommendations to ensure co-creation can be conducted in a more scientific and reproducible way. The effectiveness and scalability of the intervention should be assessed.

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IP, Faheem, Gopalakrishna B, Mohsina FP, and Sarah Priya. "Evaluation of the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Sophora Interrupta: Pharmacological Screening Against Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats." International Journal of Current Research and Review 13, no. 16 (2021): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2021.131627.

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"A quantitative method to evaluate the quality of interrupted animal cultures in aging studies." Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 44, no. 1 (July 1988): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-6374(88)90082-6.

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Khazaka, Michael, Jeanne Laverdière, Chen Chen Li, Florence Correal, Louise Mallet, Mariane Poitras, and Patrick Viet-Quoc Nguyen. "Medication appropriateness on an acute geriatric care unit: the impact of the removal of a clinical pharmacist." Age and Ageing, September 14, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa175.

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Abstract Background evidence is largely available indicating benefits to adding a pharmacist on acute care wards. The benefits of maintaining pharmacotherapeutic consultant services on a geriatric ward remain unexplored. Objectives to determine the impact of the removal of a clinical pharmacist from an acute geriatric ward on patients’ Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) scores, admission-related outcomes and drug burdens. Methods researchers consulted the archives for records of patients admitted to the geriatric care unit before and after the pharmacist’s withdrawal. The primary outcome of differential MAI scores and secondary outcomes of rehospitalisations, emergency department visits, durations of hospitalisation and differential drug count were compared pre- and post-intervention. An interrupted time series analysis regression model was used for the primary outcome. Results a total of 305 patients admitted before (n = 208) and after (n = 97) the pharmacist’s withdrawal were included in the study. The intervention had a significant impact on the primary outcome, increasing the relative differential MAI score (adjusted mean) by 9.3 points (95% confidence interval 3.9–14.6). As for the secondary outcomes, differences in admission-related outcomes were non-significant but the mean differential drug count significantly increased post-intervention from 0.02 to 1.36 (P < 0.001). Conclusion the removal of the pharmacist led to an increase in inappropriate drug prescription. Careful consideration should be given to decisions regarding the removal of the pharmacist from acute geriatric care teams.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interrupted ageing'

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