Academic literature on the topic 'Interrupted ageing'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interrupted ageing"
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Risanti, D. D., M. Yin, Jiang Hua Chen, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "The Mechanical Properties of AA2024 as Function of the Interrupted Ageing Conditions." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.449.
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A comprehensive and systematic study using hardness, tensile test and Kahn tear test was undertaken to follow property development during the recently promoted interrupted ageing treatment. In contrast to the reported claims hardness remains lower than that of single stage heat treatment. Toughness does not improve substantially and deteriorates further as re-ageing time is prolonged. For most cases, the effect of interrupted ageing could not produce a simultaneous improvement in mechanical properties. TEM observations indicate the size and distribution co-existing S” and S phases upon re-ageing depend on interrupted condition.
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Yin, M., D. D. Risanti, Jiang Hua Chen, and Sybrand van der Zwaag. "A TEP Study on the Microstructural Development in AA2024 during Interrupted Ageing." Advanced Materials Research 89-91 (January 2010): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.89-91.669.
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This work utilizes thermoelectric power (TEP) measurement to track secondary precipitation during the interrupted ageing cycle for AA2024 alloys as well as the subsequent re-ageing cycle. Clear evidences of secondary precipitation were observed which affect the further precipitation sequence during re-ageing. The TEM results confirm that S and S” phases co-exist upon re-ageing.
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Kremmer, Thomas M., Phillip Dumitraschkewitz, Daniel Pöschmann, Thomas Ebner, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Gernot K. H. Kolb, and Stefan Pogatscher. "Microstructural Change during the Interrupted Quenching of the AlZnMg(Cu) Alloy AA7050." Materials 13, no. 11 (June 4, 2020): 2554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112554.
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This study reports on the effect of interrupted quenching on the microstructure and mechanical properties of plates made of the AlZnMg(Cu) alloy AA7050. Rapid cooling from the solution heat treatment temperature is interrupted at temperatures between 100 and 200 °C and continued with a very slow further cooling to room temperature. The final material’s condition is achieved without or with subsequent artificial ageing. The results show that an improvement in the strength–toughness trade-off can be obtained by using this method. Interrupted quenching at 125 °C with peak artificial ageing leads to a yield strength increase of 27 MPa (538 MPa to 565 MPa) compared to the reference material at the same fracture toughness level. A further special case is the complete omission of an artificial ageing treatment with interrupted quenching at 200 °C. This heat treatment exhibits an 20% increase in fracture toughness (35 to 42 MPa m−1/2) while retaining a sufficient yield strength of 512 MPa for industrial applications. A detailed characterization of the relevant microstructural parameters like present phases, phase distribution and precipitate-free zones is performed using transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography.
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Kim, B., C. Celada, D. San Martín, J. Chao, J. Vara, and P. E. J. Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo. "Interrupted ageing in steels: Hardness improvement and microstructural stabilization." Scripta Materialia 68, no. 12 (June 2013): 945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.02.036.
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Refeay, Abdullah A., N. A. Kamel, M. A. Abdel-Rahman, Yahia A. Lotfy, and Emad A. Badawi. "Effect of Ageing on Microstructures, Electrical Properties and PALS of Aircraft Al Alloy 2024." Defect and Diffusion Forum 319-320 (October 2011): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.319-320.51.
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A comprehensive and systematic study using PALS technique, Vickers hardness test and electrical LCR meter were undertaken to follow property development during the recently promoted interrupted ageing treatment for 2024 aluminum alloy. In this work, solution heat treatments at different temperatures were performed in aircraft materials 2024 aluminum alloy. This work describes the development of the dependence of mechanical, electrical properties of 2024 Al-alloys on heat treatment to characterize microstructural changes during heat treatment. PALS, mechanical and electrical testing will be used to measure the features of the material as a function of time for each ageing temperatures.
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Gao, Nong, Marco J. Starink, Minoru Furukawa, Z. Horita, Cheng Xu, and Terence G. Langdon. "Evolution of Microstructure and Precipitation in Heat-Treatable Aluminium Alloys during ECA Pressing and Subsequent Heat Treatment." Materials Science Forum 503-504 (January 2006): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.503-504.275.
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The precipitation and evolution of microstructure in a spray-cast Al-7034 alloy and a commercial wrought Al-2024 alloy were studied after equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) using transmission electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Microstructural examination showed the grain sizes of both alloys were reduced to the range of ~0.3–0.5 μm through ECAP. The DSC analysis identified the occurrence of thermal effects involving the formation, coarsening, dissolution and melting of the precipitate phases and concurrent recrystallization. The heating and ageing response of the alloys processed by ECAP was identified by micro-hardness testing of the samples after interrupted heating and ageing treatments.
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Ali, U. M., A. Judge, C. Foster, A. Brooke, K. James, T. Marriott, and S. E. Lamb. "Do portable nursing stations within bays of hospital wards reduce the rate of inpatient falls? An interrupted time-series analysis." Age and Ageing 47, no. 6 (July 16, 2018): 818–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy097.
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Costa, MFF Lima e., SM Barreto, HL Guerra, JOA Firmo, E. Uchoa, and PG Vidigal. "Ageing with Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a community where the transmission has been interrupted: the Bambuí Health and Ageing Study (BHAS)." International Journal of Epidemiology 30, no. 4 (August 2001): 887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/30.4.887.
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McCarthy, A., P. McMeekin, G. Anderson, S. McCarthy, and S. W. Parry. "74 Effects of Community Falls Prevention Service Closure on Ischaemic Heart Disease Attendances in Secondary Care: An Interrupted Time Series Approach." Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz190.01.
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Abstract Background In 2009 we implemented a novel multidisciplinary, multifactorial falls, syncope and dizziness service model utilising proactive, primary care-based screening (≥60 years). Participants underwent comprehensive geriatric assessment, while 25% of the 4032 service participants had exercise training. All had additional lifestyle advice on exercise, alcohol intake, weight loss and smoking cessation. The preliminary outcomes of this approach have been previously reported, with occult atrial fibrillation, murmurs, ECG-evident ischaemic heart disease (IHD) etc reported to GPs for further action.1 Funding was withdrawn and the service closed on 31/01/2014. We examined IHD secondary care attendances with and without service provision. Methods Patients: North Tyneside residents ≥60 years at time of closure of the service in January 2014, who were presented acutely to secondary care with IHD using an interrupted time series method. ICD-10 coded IHD numbers were determined (Hospital Episode Statistics from 01/02/2012[date of a change in coding compared to service commencement in 2009] until 31/05/2017) including 25-months with, and 40-months without, service provision. Results The Table summarises the change in IHD +/- service provision; there was a significant reduction in IHD non-elective admissions during both time series’, but the reduction was significantly lower without service provision. In addition, immediately following the service closure there was an initial increase in IHD complications of 18.4% (p=0.059) followed by an increase in the time trend of 2.7% (p=0.029), resulting in a 0.6% post-service monthly reduction in IHD complications. Conclusions Disinvestment in this service resulted in a slowdown in the underlying reduction of IHD diagnoses in secondary care. However, further research is needed to control for patient-level characteristics, the economic impact and to look at the effect of the service on other cardiovascular diseases. Reference 1. Parry SW. JAGS 2016; 64 (11):2368–2373.
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McCarthy, A., P. McMeekin, G. Anderson, S. McCarthy, and S. W. Parry. "87 Effects of Community Falls Prevention Service Closure on ICD-10 Coded Fracture Rates in Older People: An Interrupted Time Series Approach." Age and Ageing 49, Supplement_1 (February 2020): i28—i29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz193.02.
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Abstract Introduction Guidelines on falls prevention recommend case ascertainment based on opportunistic case ascertainment and referral in those who have fallen. In October 2009 we implemented a novel multidisciplinary, multifactorial falls, syncope and dizziness service with enhanced case-ascertainment through proactive, primary care-based screening for associated risk factors. In addition to comprehensive geriatric assessment, 25% of 4032 service participants underwent strength and balance training. The baseline outcomes have been previously reported.1 Funding was withdrawn, and the service closed on 31/01/2014. We examined the effect of service-closure on fractures presenting to secondary care with and without the service running. Methods An interrupted time series method was used. ICD-10 coded fracture numbers attending secondary care were determined (Hospital Episode Statistics from 01/02/2012-31/05/2017) for all North Tyneside residents ≥60 years at the time of service closure, including 25-months with, and 40-months without, service provision. Results There was a 0.9% (p=0.018) monthly reduction in falls over 25-months of service provision which increased during the winter months of a 9.8% (p=0.015) increase. In the month following the service closure there was an initial increase in fractures of 8.5% (p=0.231), followed by an increase in the monthly time trend of 1% (p=0.018). This resulted in a post-service monthly increase in fractures of 0.1%, an estimated extra 625 fractures over the 40-month post-service cessation period. At an average £8600 per fracture, the estimated cost may have been £5,375,000. Conclusions In this naturalistic experiment, following an initial drop in fractures, disinvestment in this service resulted in a rise in elders’ fractures presenting to secondary care. The closure of the service may have had a large unintended cost, averaging £1.5 million annually, versus annual running costs of £220,000. Further research is needed to control for patient-level characteristics and to establish the cost-effectiveness of the service.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interrupted ageing"
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Buha, Joka School of Materials Science & engineering UNSW. "Interrupted ageing of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Materials Science and engineering, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/20794.
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This thesis systematically investigates the effects of a recently developed modified ageing procedure of aluminium alloys, termed the T6I6 temper, on the microstructural development and mechanical properties of the Al ??? Mg ??? Si - Cu alloy 6061. For the T6I6 temper, a conventional single stage T6 temper is interrupted by an ageing period at a reduced temperature (65??C) to facilitate secondary precipitation, before resuming the final ageing at the temperature of the initial T6 treatment. The T6I6 temper was found to cause simultaneous increases in tensile properties, hardness, and toughness as compared with 6061 T6. Al ??? Mg ??? Si ??? Cu alloys are medium strength alloys widely used in the automotive industry and their further improvement is underpinned by stringent demands for weight reduction placed on the transportation industry in recent years. The potential for further improvement of the mechanical properties was found in the control of secondary precipitation that may take place even in some fully aged alloys when exposed to reduced temperatures. The overall improvement in the mechanical properties of 6061 T6I6 was attributed to the formation of finer and more densely dispersed precipitates in the final microstructure. The refinement of precipitates was facilitated by control of the precipitation processes and gradual evolution of the microstructure throughout each stage of the T6I6 treatment. The results indicated that the concentration and the chemical environment of the vacancies controlled the precipitation processes in this alloy. Findings also show that the proportion of the different precipitate phases present in the final microstructure, as well as the amount of the solute in these precipitates, can be controlled and modified utilizing secondary precipitation. A number of analytical techniques were used in this study. The evolution of the microstructure was studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), High Resolution TEM (HRTEM) and Three Dimensional Atom Probe (3DAP). Vacancy-solute interactions were studied using Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS) and 3DAP. The distribution of the solute was studied using 3DAP and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to identify precipitation reactions and to determine the stability of vacancy-associated aggregates.
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Jacumasso, Sheila Cristina. "CARACTERIZAÇÃO MICROESTRUTURAL DAS PARTÍCULAS DE SEGUNDA FASE DE UMA LIGA DE ALUMÍNIO AA7050 NAS CONDIÇÕES T7451, T6 E T6I4-65." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2014. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/1460.
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The AA7050 class from the 7XXX series alloys based on Al-Zn-Mg-Cu are widely used in aerospace structures and fuselage components, when the same are subjected to high stress loading due to its high ratio mechanical strength to density, in addition, to its corrosion resistance. The increased resistance of these alloys is obtained by heat treatment that involves solution treatment and ageing followed precipitation of a fine and homogeneous phase from the own chemical composition. In this, the present study aimed to perform the of AA7050 aluminum alloy microstructural characterization with different ageing heat treatment from the T7451, T6 and T6I4-65 conditions. Thus, different characterization techniques from the Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Extraction of second phase particles, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used. It was evaluated which condition results is higher precipitation hardening phases that are responsible for the increased resistance of the alloy. The most significant results were obtained by TEM where it was possible to determine the morphology of the GPII zones in needles form with approximate size of 30nm and 10nm for both T6 and T6I4-65 conditions, respectively. Moreover, the metastable η' phase was identified in platelets form in the T7451, T6 and T6I4-65 conditions with approximate size of 50nm, 20nm and 10nm, respectively. The surface roughness analyses obtained by AFM have revealed that the T6I4-65 condition has higher surface roughness (Ra=14,87nm) when compared to the T7451 (Ra=7,65nm) and T6 (Ra=8,35nm) conditions. Indicating in this case, a higher density of small particles homogeneously distributed in the T6I4-65 aluminum alloy matrix.
As ligas da série 7XXX, da classe AA7050, à base de Al-Zn-Mg-Cu, são muito utilizadas na indústria aeroespacial, em estruturas de fuselagem e componentes sob alta tensão de carregamento, devido à sua alta relação entre resistência mecânica e densidade, além de sua resistência à corrosão. O aumento da resistência destas ligas é obtido por tratamento térmico de solubilização e envelhecimento, através da precipitação de uma fase fina e homogênea, proveniente da própria composição química. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal realizar a caracterização microestrutural de uma liga de alumínio AA7050, submetida a diferentes tratamentos térmicos de envelhecimento nas condições T7451, T6 e T6I4-65. Desse modo, fez-se o uso de diferentes técnicas de caracterização entre elas Microscopia Ótica (MO), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Microscopia de Força Atômica (AFM), Extração de Partículas de segunda fase, Difração de Raios X (DRX) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão. Consequentemente, avaliou-se qual condição apresenta maior precipitação de fases endurecedoras que são responsáveis pelo aumento de resistência da liga. Os resultados mais significativos foram obtidos por MET onde foi possível determinar a morfologia das zonas GPII presentes na forma acicular (needles) com tamanho aproximado de 30nm na condição T6 e 10nm na condição T6I4-65. A fase metaestável η’ foi identificada na forma de plaquetas finas (platelets) nas condições T7451, T6 e T6I4-65 com tamanho aproximado de 50nm, 20nm e 10nm respectivamente. A rugosidade superficial obtida por AFM revelou que a condição T6I4-65 apresenta maior rugosidade superficial (Ra=14,87nm) quando comparado às condições T7451(Ra=7,65nm) e T6 (Ra=8,35nm), indicando maior densidade de partículas de pequena dimensão distribuída homogeneamente na matriz da liga de alumínio.
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Antunes, Ana Márcia Barbosa da Silva. "Estudo do comportamento em fadiga de alto ciclo das ligas de alumínio AA6351 e AA7050 para aplicação aeronáutica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97134/tde-20112017-172939/.
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As ligas de alumínio são aplicadas em cerca de 70% dos componentes estruturais dos aviões e o processo de fadiga e o modo de falha predominante em estruturas aeronáuticas, para a maioria das quais a presença de concentradores de tensão e inevitável. O comportamento em fadiga e as propriedades mecânicas das ligas de alumínio endurecíveis por precipitação são fortemente influenciadas por parâmetros como tamanho, espaçamento e densidade dos precipitados endurecedores. Neste contexto, pesquisas anteriores tem mostrado que o envelhecimento interrompido (T6I4) pode proporcionar melhores combinações de propriedades mecânicas para estas ligas. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo das propriedades mecânicas e do comportamento em fadiga de alto ciclo das ligas de alumínio AA6351 e AA7050 nas condições de tratamento térmico convencionais (T6 e T7451, respectivamente) e na condição T6I4, bem como da influência das características microestruturais e do tratamento térmico sobre estas propriedades. Dentro deste contexto, analises de Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão (MET) da liga AA6351 mostraram que a condição T6I4 resultou em uma maior densidade de precipitados endurecedores com tamanho heterogêneo, quando comparada com a condição T6. Para esta liga, a condição T6I4 também resultou em menores valores de tensão limite de escoamento, resistência a tração, resistência a fadiga e sensibilidade ao entalhe, com maior ductilidade e tenacidade. Para a liga AA7050, as análises de MET mostraram que a condição T6I4 resulta em uma maior densidade de precipitados endurecedores com menor tamanho, promovendo um melhor impedimento ao movimento de discordâncias durante a deformação por fadiga, quando comparada com a condição T7451. Esta alteração microestrutural proporcionou a condição T6I4 valores de resistência ao escoamento e resistência a tração similares a condição T7451, com maior ductilidade e tenacidade. A resistência a fadiga da condição T6I4 foi similar a condição T7451, entretanto o envelhecimento interrompido resultou em um melhor comportamento em sensibilidade ao entalhe.Aluminum alloys are applied in approximately 70% of the aircraft structural components and the fatigue process is the dominant failure mode in aeronautical structures, for the most of which, the presence of stress concentrators is unavoidable. The fatigue behavior and the mechanical properties of the age hardenable aluminum alloys are strongly influenced by parameters including the size, spacing and density of strengthening precipitates. Within this context, previous researches have shown that the interrupted ageing (T6I4) could provide an improved combination of mechanical properties for these alloys. This work aims to study the mechanical properties and the high cycle fatigue behavior of AA6351 and AA7050 aluminum alloys in the conventional heat treatment conditions (T6 and T7451, respectively) and in the T6I4 condition, as well as the influence of the microstructural characteristics and of the heat treatment on these properties. Within this context, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyzes of the AA6351 alloy showed that T6I4 condition resulted in higher density of hardening precipitates with heterogeneous size compared to T6 condition. For this alloy, the T6I4 condition resulted in lower values of yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, fatigue strength and notch sensitivity, with higher ductility and toughness. For the AA7050 alloy, TEM analyses showed that T6I4 condition presented a higher density of strengthening precipitates with smaller size promoting an improved dislocation pinning effect during the fatigue deformation compared to T7451 condition. This microstructural change provided to T6I4 condition yield stress and ultimate tensile strength similar to T7451, with higher ductility and toughness. The fatigue strength of T6I4 condition was also similar to T7451, however the interrupted ageing provided a better notch sensitivity behavior.
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Molin, Quentin. "Contribution à l’étude de la robustesse des MOSFET-SiC haute tension : Dérive de la tension de seuil et tenue aux courts-circuits." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI111.
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Ce manuscrit est une contribution à l’étude de la fiabilité et de la robustesse des composants MOSFET sur carbure de silicium, matériau semi-conducteur grand gap qui possède des caractéristiques bien meilleures que le silicium. Ces nouveaux interrupteurs de puissances permettent d’obtenir entre autres propriétés remarquables, des fréquences de commutations et des tenues en tension plus élevées dans les systèmes de conversions de puissance. Ils sont particulièrement mis en avant depuis un peu plus d’une dizaine d’années pour les gains en performances, diminution des tailles et poids qu’ils apportent à certaines topologies de convertisseurs pour les réseaux haute tension à courant continu. Puis sont répertoriés les principaux mécanismes de défaillances de ces MOSFET SiC induits par la faiblesse de la grille. Toutes les mesures nécessaires au suivi des paramètres clés lors des prochains vieillissements sont présentées. Les résultats de nos tests sur l’instabilité de la tension de seuil sont aussi détaillés et un modèle empirique pour valider le comportement de relaxation observé est proposé. Celui-ci nous aidera par la suite à établir un protocole de mesure rigoureux de la tension de seuil. Les tests expérimentaux et résultats de vieillissement en statique et dynamique sur les composants 1,7 kV vont permettre de se rendre compte de l’importance de la dérive de la tension de seuil sur 1000 h. Dans le cas d’un vieillissement statique, il y a environ 7 % de dérive positive du VTH et un pourcentage équivalent pour les tests dynamiques. Des analyses supplémentaires (C-V et pompage de charge) sur l’oxyde de grille en cours de vieillissement sont proposées pour une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes mis en jeu dans la dégradation de l’oxyde. Enfin, les derniers tests présentés seront focalisés sur le comportement en court-circuit et courts-circuits répétitifs des mêmes composants. Avec une énergie critique évaluée autour de 1,5 J nos tests sur les MOSFET 1,7 kV montrent les limites de la robustesse de ces composants, avec une tenue en court-circuit bien inférieure à 10 µs et une incapacité à résister à plus de 150 courts-circuits successifs. L’influence de la tension entre drain et source y est notamment étudiée, et montre que l’énergie critique supportée par le composant diminue avec l’augmentation de cette tensionThis manuscript is a contribution to reliability and robustness study of MOSFET components on silicon carbide “SiC”, wide band gap semiconductor with better characteristics compared to silicon “Si” material. Those new power switches can provide better switching frequencies or voltage withstanding for example in power converter. SiC MOSFET are the results of approximately 10 years of research and development and can provide increased performances and weight to some converter topology for high voltage direct current networks. Others power switches available are still introduced and an introduction to reliability is explaining why such work on this new power switches is important. Transition from Si technologies to SiC ones require a lot of work regarding its robustness. Before showing reliability and robustness results is presented I give a lot of details regarding to the measurement and monitoring of key parameters used in the next chapters. The results of our tests on the threshold voltage instability are presented and how we validated an empirical model on this drift. This was used to propose an enhanced measurement protocol on the threshold voltage. Static and dynamic experimental results presented next will show if the voltage drift during ageing is significant or not. Further analysis is proposed to add more insight on the understanding of the oxide degradation mechanisms through C-V and charge pumping measurements. Finally, the ageing results presented on 1,7 kV SiC MOSFET are focused on the short-circuit and repetitive short-circuit behavior of the same components. Drain to source voltage influence on critical energy during this particular and stressful operation mode is studied. This time, the results are worrying.The last chapter is confidential
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Buha, Joka. "Interrupted ageing of Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys /." 2005. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20050628.164305/index.html.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Interrupted ageing"
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Street, Debra, and Joanne Tompkins. "Is 70 the new 60? Extending American women’s and men’s working lives." In Gender, Ageing and Extended Working Life. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447325116.003.0010.
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Although the United States economy rebounded relatively quickly from the global recession, older workers wanting or needing to work longer confront similar limitations to those in other countries. The critical role of Social Security for shaping patterns of later life work is considered, alongside the US neoliberal stance that minimizes family-friendly policies that would support more equal gender outcomes for work and retirement. Instead, the structure of employment markets, persistent gender gaps in pay, raced and gendered outcomes related to sources and amounts of retirement income, and increasing retirement ages that compel some of the most vulnerable Americans to work longer are considered. The concept of extended working life is considered at both ends of the adult life course, taking into account the challenges of both young and older workers given the realities of the US labour market, underscoring the importance of taking both labour supply and demand into account to fully understand the implications of extended working lives. Although women bear a disproportionate burden of unpaid care, few compensatory policies exist to ensure their income adequacy in old age. That, combined with ageism in the American workplace, make older women who have interrupted work histories or lifetimes of low paid or part time work very vulnerable to experiencing precarious employment, or low incomes/poverty in old age.
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Mine Cakmak, Hatice. "Management of Covid-19 Disease in Pediatric Oncology Patients." In Origin and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Originating From SARS-CoV-2 Infection Across the Globe [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100004.
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Pediatric cancer patients are immunocompromised, and the risks are higher in this population. Confirmed cases are defined as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) positive patients. The severity of infection is divided into four groups: asymptomatic/mild, moderate, severe, and critical, based on the clinical, laboratory, and radiological features. In the pediatric population, the COVID-19 disease has a mild course. Chemotherapy courses can be interrupted according to the symptoms and severity of the disease. Azithromycin, antivirals are used as a single agent or in combination. In critical patients, convalescent plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, tocilizumab, and granulocyte transfusions are administered. In recent studies, having hematological malignancy, stem cell transplantation, a mixed infection, and abnormal computerized tomography findings increase the severity of the disease and the need for an intensive care unit. Therefore, the patients and their families should be aware of a higher risk of severe forms than immunocompetent children.
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Price, Leah. "David Copperfield and the Absorbent Book." In How to Do Things with Books in Victorian Britain. Princeton University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691114170.003.0004.
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This chapter assesses what makes the novel associate printed matter with interruption in particular. It also asks what difference does it make that the act in which the characters are interrupted consists not of reading, but rather of using an unread book as a material prompt or alibi for inwardness and abstraction. The bait and switch that structures the midcentury bildungsroman sets readers up to expect a novel about an agent shaped by books, only to reveal the protagonist instead as an object compared to books. As the plot of David Copperfield turns a child who is acted upon into an adult who acts, its trope shifts from metaphor to metonymy. As a result, it turns only belatedly into a proto-Smilesian account of self-help. Its first debt is to an older genre that associates selfhood with helplessness and passivity—more specifically, that locates consciousness not in a person marked by books, but in a book marked by readers.
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Magessi, Nuno Trindade, and Luis Antunes. "Ignition of Algorithm Mind." In Advances in Computational Intelligence and Robotics, 1–24. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1756-6.ch001.
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The ignition of the algorithmic mind is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs in our brains. The algorithm mind is related to our reasoning. When we use it, we consume a lot of resources from our brains like energy. The ignition process is triggered by reflective mind and it works through neuronal assemblies. Specific neurons are ignited and then it begins a recruitment process for other neurons in order to assemble a complex structure. To understand these mechanisms, we have developed a simple multi-agent model, where we explored the role of energy and respective limits on neuronal assemblies. The available and consumed energy are the keystones to ignite the algorithm mind and to find out the limit that interrupts our reasoning's. The connections between incumbent and new neurons are at the same level as the connections established only between the new neurons in the case of algorithmic mind. Unlike, the autonomous mind established more connections, only between new neurons. Finally, the algorithmic mind consumes more energy than autonomous mind, which has a clearly declining trend.
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"Cognitive Architecture With Episodic Memory." In Reductive Model of the Conscious Mind, 243–82. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5653-5.ch008.
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The authors chose a provocative title for this book. In this provocation, there is an incentive for those who would like to understand what consciousness is. Their goal was to explain the phenomenon, which is perhaps even harder to understand than the emergence of life from inanimate matter. Through this work, they developed and described a reductive model of conscious mind named motivated emotional mind. Although the basis for episodic memory are real events that were observed by the agent, memorized episodes can also be generated in the agent's mind. The working memory supports explanation of the meaning of the whole scene by combining the meanings of its constituent elements and their relations. The observed scenes are stored in the episodic memory. An agent can build its value system to assess the significance of observed events and later use it to influence its behavior and its emotional states. Only the conscious being has the ability to remember episodes from its experiences. The conscious system must be able to imagine a hypothetical situation and plan its activities. Because episodic memories require the structures of the hippocampus or its equivalent, if the body has a hippocampus, it is potentially conscious. Working memory is responsible for temporarily storing information that has been perceived in the environment or retrieved from long-term memory. It is important for reasoning, decision-making, and behavioral control. It records stimuli processed in the deeper layers of the brain. In addition, working memory combines temporary storage and manipulates selected information to support cognitive functions. Embodied intelligence architecture discussed in this chapter is aimed at building an intelligent and conscious machines and its ability to learn is recognized as the most important feature of intelligence. Authors show that embodied minds contain certain memory structures, and it is through them that machines can be conscious. The organization of brain structures and their functions constitute a functional, reductive model of the conscious mind, called motivated emotional mind. Different functional blocks of this architecture process information simultaneously, sending interrupt signals to direct attention, change plans, monitor activities, and respond to external threats and opportunities. They also provide a conscious agent with personal memories, accumulated knowledge, skills, and desires, making the agent act fully autonomously. What is needed to build embodied, conscious machines? First of all, their sensing must be based on the observations and predictions of results of their own actions in the real world. This requires the development of sensorimotor coordination integrated with the machine value system. The second requirement is the development of learning methods and control of the robot's movements. This includes the development of motoric functions, activators, grippers, methods of movement, and navigation. The chapter ends with predictions for future development of conscious robots and elaboration on the life and death cycles for conscious minds.
Conference papers on the topic "Interrupted ageing"
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Herter, Karl-Heinz, Xaver Schuler, and Thomas Weissenberg. "Crack Growth Behavior of Ferritic Pressure Vessel Steels in Oxygenated High Temperature Water Under Transient Loadings." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97370.
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The assessment of the influence of the LWR coolant environment and postulated chloride transients on the crack growth is of importance for ageing management with regard to safety and reliability. Aim of the investigations was to determine cyclic crack growth rates at LWR conditions and to study possible size effects and the impact of chlorides on environmentally assisted cracking. Crack growth experiments were performed with fracture mechanics specimens of different size in simulated BWR water of high purity and under the effect of chloride transients with RPV steel 22NiMoCr3-7. Subsequent to a phase of cyclic loading, the specimens were exposed to static load, interrupted by partial unloadings. All cyclic crack growth rates da/dN vs. ΔK in high purity water were in good agreement with ASME XI water curves. No significant influence of specimen size on the crack growth behavior and with regard to SCC could be detected in high purity water environment. Cyclic induced crack propagation immediately stopped when turning to static load. Under static load the chloride transients did not cause crack initiation by SCC. Load transients in chloride containing environment initiated significant SCC-induced crack growth. A “chloride memory effect” with regard to a preceding chloride transient at static load, leading to SCC-induced crack propagation during subsequent load transients in high purity water environment did not arise.
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Guo, Yu, Zhihui Du, and Jingchao Lu. "Consensus Analysis of Second-Order Multi-Agent Systems with Communication Interrupt Under Dynamic Topology." In 2019 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac48633.2019.8996468.
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