Books: 'Interrogative sentences'

1

Alconchel, José Luis Girón. Las oraciones interrogativas indirectas en español medieval. Madrid: Gredos, 1988.

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2

Klokova, Olʹga Vladimirovna. Nesobstvenno-voprositelʹnye predlozhenii︠a︡ v sovremennom russkom i︠a︡zyke. Nevinnomyssk: Nevinnomysskiĭ gos. gumanitarno-tekhn. in-t, 2006.

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3

Taras, Barbara. Staropolskie zdania pytajne wprowadzane przez partykuły. Warszawa: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Polonistyki, 2000.

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4

Relativos e interrogativos. Madrid: Arco Libros, 1997.

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5

"Zu tang ji" yi wen ju yan jiu. Beijing: Zhonghua shu ju, 2010.

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6

"Zhuzi yu lei" wen ju xi tong yan jiu: The study on interrogative sentence of Zhu zi yu lei. Beijing Shi: She hui ke xue wen xian chu ban she, 2012.

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7

Syntax der Ergänzungsfrage: Empirische Untersuchungen am Russischen, Polnischen und Tschechischen. München: O. Sagner, 2004.

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8

T͡Surikova, L. V. Kommunikativnyĭ diapazon voprositelʹnykh predlozheniĭ v diskurse: Na materiale angliĭskogo i russkogo i͡azykov. Voronezh: Voronezhskiĭ gos. universitet, 2001.

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9

Han yu yi wen ju zuo wei di er yu yan xi de de yan jiu. Beijing: Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2010.

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10

True to form: Rising and falling declaratives as questions in English. New York: Routledge, 2003.

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11

Nekroumi, Mohammed. Interrogation, polarité et argumentation: Vers une théorie structurale et énonciative de la modalité en arabe classique. Schenefeld: EB-Verlag, 2003.

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12

Murray, Sarah E. Interrogative sentences. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199681570.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 extends this implementation to interrogative sentences, accounting for the various behaviors of evidentials in questions. Not only does this extension provide support for the proposed analysis of evidentials, it provides support for the general semantics for mood. Interrogativemood is treated as a different kind of illocutionary relation, but evidentials still contribute not‐at‐issue content. In combination, they account for a range of properties, including the flip interpretation of evidentials, where the addressee has evidence for one of the answers to the question.

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13

Shao, Jingmin. Xian dai Han yu yi wen ju yan jiu. Hua dong shi fan da xue chu ban she, 1996.

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14

Fábregas, Antonio. Word Order and Nanosyntax. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876746.003.0010.

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This chapter explores how the size of stored exponents can account for word order facts in the nanosyntactic framework. Three Spanish varieties are considered; these varieties differ in the availability of preverbal subjects in interrogative sentences. The most restrictive one, European Spanish, disallows them all; Mérida (Venezuela) Spanish allows some under restrictive conditions, whereas Dominican Spanish allows them all. It is argued that the differences follow from the size of the subject agreement exponent and, crucially, whether it is the element that spells out the interrogative force of the sentence: The smaller the stored exponent is, the more available preverbal subjects in interrogative sentences are.

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15

Portner, Paul. Sentence mood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199547524.003.0003.

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Sentence mood is the linguistic category which marks the fundamental conversational function, or “sentential force,” of a sentence. Exemplified by the universal types of declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences (as well as by less-common types), sentence mood has been a major topic of research in both linguistics and philosophy. This chapter identifies the two main theories which address the topic, one based on speech act theory and the other on dynamic approaches to meaning. It explains and evaluates current research which uses the two theories, and identifies the most important insights which come out of each.

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16

Amha, Azeb. Commands in Wolaitta. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0014.

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This chapter examines expressions of commands (imperatives) in Wolaitta and the ways in which the imperative is distinguished from statements and questions. Although each sentence type is formally distinct, imperatives and questions share a number of morpho-syntactic properties. Similar to declarative and interrogative sentences, imperatives in Wolaitta involve verbal grammatical categories such as the distinction of person, number, and gender of the subject as well as negative and positive polarity. In contrast to previous studies, the present contribution establishes the function of a set of morphemes based on -árk and -érk to be the expression of plea or appeal to an addressee rather than politeness when issuing a command. Instead, politeness in commands is expressed by using plural (pro)nominal and verbal elements. The imperative in Wolaitta is a robust construction which is also used in formulaic speeches such as leave-taking as well as in blessing, curses, and advice.

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17

Gunlogson, Christine. True to Form: Rising and Falling Declaratives As Questions in English. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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18

Portner, Paul. Mood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199547524.001.0001.

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The category of mood is widely used in the description of languages and the formal analysis of their grammatical properties. It typically refers to features of a sentence’s form (or a class of sentences which share such features), either individual morphemes or grammatical patterns, which reflect how the sentence contributes to the modal meaning of a larger phrase or which indicates the type of fundamental pragmatic function it has in conversation. The first subtype, verbal mood, includes the categories of indicative and subjunctive subordinate clauses; the second sentence mood, encompasses declaratives, interrogatives, and imperatives. This work presents the essential background for understanding semantic theories of mood and discusses the most significant theories of both types. It evaluates those theories, compares them, draws connections between seemingly disparate approaches, and with the goal of drawing out their most important insights, it formalizes some of the literature’s most important ideas in new ways. Ultimately, this work shows that there are important connections between verbal mood and sentence mood which point the way towards a more general understanding of how mood works and its relation to other topics in linguistics, and it outlines the type of semantic and pragmatic theory which will make it possible to explain these relations.

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19

Murray, Sarah E. The Semantics of Evidentials. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199681570.001.0001.

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This book gives a compositional, truth‐conditional, crosslinguistic semantics for evidentials set in a theory of the semantics for sentential mood. Central to this semantics is a proposal about a distinction between what propositional content is at‐issue, roughly primary or proffered, and what content is not‐at‐issue. Evidentials contribute not‐at‐issue content, more specifically what I will call a not‐at‐issue restriction. In addition, evidentials can affect the level of commitment a sentence makes to the main proposition, contributed by sentential mood. Building on recent work in the formal semantics of evidentials and related phenomena, the proposed semantics does not appeal to separate dimensions of illocutionary meaning. Instead, I argue that all sentences make three contributions: at‐issue content, not‐at‐issue content, and an illocutionary relation. At‐issue content is presented, made available for subsequent anaphora, but is not directly added to the common ground. Not‐at‐issue content directly updates the common ground. The illocutionary relation uses the at‐issue content to impose structure on the common ground, which, depending on the clause type (e.g., declarative, interrogative), can trigger further updates. Empirical support for this proposal comes from Cheyenne (Algonquian, primary data from the author’s fieldwork), English, and a wide variety of languages that have been discussed in the literature on evidentials.

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20

Haspelmath, Martin. Formal and Functional Types of Indefinite Pronoun. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198235606.003.0003.

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This chapter examines formal and functional types of indefinite pronoun. It first presents some examples of different indefinite pronoun series in a variety of languages, focusing on a formal element shared by all members of an indefinite pronoun series, such as some and any in English. This element is called indefiniteness marker, an affix or a particle which stands next to the pronoun stem. The chapter proceeds by discussing two main types of derivational bases from which indefinite pronouns are derived in the world's languages: interrogative pronouns and generic ontological category nouns like person, thing or place. It also looks at the main functional types of indefinite pronoun, namely: negative indefinite pronouns and negative polarity (or scale reversal). Finally, it analyses some alternatives to indefinite pronouns, including generic nouns, existential sentences, non-specific free relative clauses, and universal quantifiers.

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21

ZHU, FU HUI JUN. Ming Chinese interrogative research(Chinese Edition). Commercial Press, 2011.

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22

Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. Sentence Types. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.8.

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“Declarative,” “interrogative,” and “imperative” are grammatical labels, while “statement,” “command,” and “question” describe type of speech act. The major sentence types correspond to these types, and are found in every language. There are also minor, less well-described types, such as exclamatives. Boundaries between sentence types are not water-tight. A command can be phrased using a statement, or as a question, with a difference in illocutionary force. A question may imply a statement rather than seeking information or pronounced with command intonation, and then be understood as a plea, a request, or an order. The versatility of sentence types is often rooted in cultural conventions and strategies of “saving face.” Speech acts reflect numerous communicative tasks, and can be mapped onto the sentence types in a specific way. The number of sentence types in a given language is finite, while the number of potential communicative tasks can be open-ended.

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23

Stokke, Andreas. Lying and Insincerity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825968.001.0001.

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This book is a comprehensive study of lying and insincere language use. Part I is dedicated to developing an account of insincerity qua linguistic phenomenon. It provides a detailed theory of the distinction between lying and ways of speaking insincerely without lying, as well as accounting for the relation between lying and deceiving. A novel theory of assertion in terms of a notion of what is said defined relative to questions under discussion is used to underpin the analysis of lying and insincerity throughout the book. The framework is applied to various kinds of insincere speech, including false implicature, bullshitting, and forms of misleading with presuppositions, prosodic focus, and different types of semantic incompleteness. Part II discusses the relation between what is communicated and the speaker’s attitudes involved in insincere language use. It develops a view on which insincerity is a shallow phenomenon in the sense that whether or not a speaker is being insincere depends on the speaker’s conscious attitudes, rather than on deeper, unconscious attitudes or motivations. An account of a range of ways of speaking while being indifferent toward what one communicates is developed, and the phenomenon of bullshitting is distinguished from lying and other forms of insincerity. This includes insincere uses of language beyond the realm of declarative sentences. The book gives an account of insincere uses of interrogative, imperative, and exclamative utterances.

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24

Boisvert, Daniel, and Kirk Ludwig. Semantics for Nondeclaratives. Edited by Ernest Lepore and Barry C. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199552238.003.0034.

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This article begins by distinguishing force and mood. Then it lays out desiderata on a successful account. It sketches as background the program of truth-theoretic semantics. Next, it surveys assimilation approaches and argues that they are inadequate. Then it shows how the fulfillment-conditional approach can be applied to imperatives, interrogatives, molecular sentences containing them, and quantification into mood markers. Next, it considers briefly the recent set of propositions approach to the semantics of interrogatives and exclamatives. Finally, it shows how to integrate exclamatives and optatives into a framework similar to the fulfillment approach.

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25

Nikolaeva, Irina. Analyses of the Semantics of Mood. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.3.

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This article examines the semantics of “mood”, both in the sense of the opposition among clause types, that is, “sentential/sentence moods,” or “sentential forces”, and in the sense of the distinction between realis and irrealis, or indicative and subjunctive. It begins by considering the most important sentence moods, namely, declaratives, imperatives, interrogatives, exclamatives and optatives. It then discusses the notions of realis and irrealis or indicative and subjunctive. It concludes by underscoring the importance of a study of interpretive effects in elucidating the interaction between semantics and pragmatics, since the semantics of mood appears to depend on a set of contextual clues which arise from different sources and provide non-conceptual input to the pragmatic process of utterance interpretation.

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26

Don, Stuart. Part V Rights and Freedoms, B Rights and Freedoms under the Charter, Ch.38 The Charter and Criminal Justice. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780190664817.003.0038.

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This chapter analyses the pervasive impact of the Charter on the Canadian criminal justice system. Active judicial interpretation of Charter rights has put in place distinctive constitutional standards of substantive law, including those of fault, and struck down oppressive laws for arbitrariness and overbreadth. Also examined are new standards for police powers to stop, search, detain and interrogate, fair trial rights such as the duty of full Crown disclosure, and for assessing mandatory minimum sentences. This chapter describes and welcomes a robust exclusionary discretion for evidence obtained in violation of the Charter. It is suggested that the Canadian Charter standards are no panacea and are sometimes too weak but that they have often provided a welcome balance to the expedient lure of law-and-order politics.

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27

Bugaeva, Anna. Polysynthesis in Ainu. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.48.

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Ainu is a typical polysynthetic language in that a single complex verb can express what takes a whole sentence in most other languages. A single verb form may include more than one heavy element: up to two applicative prefixes (out of three), two causative suffixes (out of five), two incorporated objects, one lexical prefix (out of two originating in nouns ‘head’ and ‘bottom’), one verbalizing suffix (originating in the verb ‘make’), as well as reciprocal, reflexive, and general object (=antipassive) prefixes and agreement affixes for the first/second person subject and object. The degree of combinability of voice markers and noun incorporation is spectacular. Nevertheless, it has been claimed that Ainu deviates from more typical polysynthetic languages in having less freedom of word order, interrogative phrases in situ, and unrestricted morphological causatives (Baker 1996). This chapter aims to distinguish what Ainu shares with other polysynthetic languages from what is unique.

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28

Chappell, Hilary, and Alain Peyraube. Modality and Mood in Sinitic. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.14.

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After defining auxiliary verbs as a grammatical category in Sinitic languages, this chapter sets out to analyze the notion of modality as expressed primarily by the Chinese modal verbs. Beginning with a brief sketch of their diachronic evolution, we proceed to treat this category in each of three major Sinitic languages, namely, Standard Mandarin, Hong Kong Cantonese, and Taiwanese Southern Min (Hokkien). It is shown that the main modal verbs possess different sets of polysemy in each of the three languages. Potential verb compounds are also considered, as well as clause-final modal particles coding speaker stance, both being characteristic of East and Southeast Asian languages in general. Although Sinitic languages do not mark mood inflectionally, an important discussion regarding this category is dedicated to sentence types and the role of negation, intimately connected with the expression of the irrealis, the interrogative and the imperative in Sinitic languages.

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29

Müller, Anna. Prison Relationships. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190499860.003.0005.

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This chapter concentrates on prison friendships. It begins with an exploration of possibilities for creating new relationships as well as maintaining contact through a wall. Wall relationships helped prisoners extend beyond their own cell and gave them a chance to recreate themselves and some of the social roles that they lost when they entered prison. This chapter tells the story of life in both interrogation cells and cells where women were to spend their sentences. It then zooms in on a particular cell where imprisoned Communists, two Home Army women, and a Ukrainian Insurgent Army member were able to create an atmosphere of mutual support and understanding. Looking at the relationships between women of different ideological commitments and the trust and familiarity they forged also leads to an opportunity to probe the relationships between prisoner spies and their cellmates.

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30

Dusenbury, David Lloyd. The Innocence of Pontius Pilate. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197602799.001.0001.

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The gospels and ancient historians agree: Jesus was sentenced to death by Pontius Pilate, the Roman imperial prefect in Jerusalem. To this day, Christians of all churches confess that Jesus died 'under Pontius Pilate'. But what exactly does that mean? Within decades of Jesus' death, Christians began suggesting that it was the Judaean authorities who had crucified Jesus—a notion later echoed in the Qur'an. In the third century, one philosopher raised the notion that, although Pilate had condemned Jesus, he'd done so justly; this idea survives in one of the main strands of modern New Testament criticism. So what is the truth of the matter? And what is the history of that truth? David Lloyd Dusenbury reveals Pilate's 'innocence' as not only a neglected theological question, but a recurring theme in the history of European political thought. He argues that Jesus' interrogation by Pilate, and Augustine of Hippo's African sermon on that trial, led to the concept of secularity and the logic of tolerance emerging in early modern Europe. Without the Roman trial of Jesus, and the arguments over Pilate's innocence, the history of empire—from the first century to the twenty-first—would have been radically different.

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Books on the topic 'Interrogative sentences'

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