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Raghibdoust, Shahla. "Interrogative constructions in Persian." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6547.
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This thesis treats the various constructions of interrogativity in colloquial modern Persian, within the Government and Binding framework. Chapter 2 presents the basic properties and the various methods of forming yes-no questions. I argue that changes in word-order may not be considered as a strategy to indicate an interrogativity, and that consequently, the movement of the verb from its position in I to C in Persian, unlike languages such as English, is disallowed. I also propose the possibility of assigning a mood phrase (MP) position to the yes-no particles. Chapter 3 gives a detailed survey of the movement processes of Wh-words which, prima facie, appear to be a syntactic movement. However, exploring the more complicated data, we subsequently arrive at the conclusion that this movement, by and large, patterns with an optional topicalization process, and has nothing to do with the syntactic movement to SPEC CP. I propose that the availability of question particles in a number of languages, including Persian, correlates with the lack of syntactic Wh-movement. Persian extraction patterns are argued to resemble those of Nordic languages in which no structural constraint is imposed. Subjacency, therefore, is unable to explain the extraction phenomenon in this language. To give a reasonable account of the extraction rules in Persian Dominance, in turn, is proposed as a convincing condition. Chapter 4 concentrates on the fact that multiple Wh-fronting in Persian is radically different from extensively-studied languages, such as Bulgarian and Romanian, even though these languages manifest resemblance with respect to a number of properties. Furthermore, it is shown that in multiple Wh-fronting languages, the Wh-phrases are morphologically complex, and need to satisfy a licensing requirement independent of clausal typing. This morphological characteristic is absent, however, in Persian. Analysis of the preceding factors leads me to propose that multiple Wh-fronting in Persian also results from adjunction of Wh-phrases to IP, in other words, topicalization.
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Morita, Hisashi. "English and Japanese questions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249864.
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Umeda, Mari. "Second language acquisition of Japanese wh-constructions." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112128.
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Note:This dissertation investigates the second language (L2) acquisition of Japanese wh-constructions by Chinese- and English-speaking learners. The focus of this study is twofold; first, it examines whether parameter resetting is possible in L2 acquisition, as both Chinese and English wh-constructions are parametrically different from Japanese wh-constructions. Second, it examines whether parameter resetting is affected by the learners' first language (Ll). Not only do Chinese and English wh-constructions differ from Japanese wh-constructions, but they also differ from each other. Chinese is, like Japanese, a wh-in-situ language, while English is a wh-movement language. Chinese wh-constructions, therefore, can be said to be more similar to Japanese wh-constructions than English wh-constructions. It is investigated whether the similarity between Chinese and Japanese and dissimilarity between English and Japanese affect the course and/or the ultimate attainment in the acquisition ofwh-constructions in Japanese.[...]
Cette dissertation enquete sur l’acquisition des constructions wh du japonais appris comme langue seconde (L2) par les anglophones et les sinophones. Le point de mire de cette etude est double. Dans un premier temps, elle cherche a savoir si le changement parametrique est possible en acquisition L2, puisque les constructions wh de l’anglais et du chinois sont parametriquement opposees a celles du japonais. Deuxiemement, elle cherche a savoir si le changement parametrique est affecte par 1a langue matemelle de l’apprenant. Non seulement les constructions wh de l’anglais et du chinois sont differentes de celles du japonais, elles different egalement l’une de l’autre. Le chinois, comme le japonais, est une langue wh-in-situ, alors que l’anglais est une langue a movement wh. Les constructions wh du chinois peuvent done etre decrites comme etant plus semblables a celles du japonais qu’a celles de l’anglais. Ce travail cherche a sa voir si la similarite entre le chino is et le japonais et la dissimilarite entre l’anglais et le japonais ont un effet sur le processus et/ou le resultat final de 1’acquisition de ces constructions en japonais.[...]
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Marção, Natália Duarte. "As construções interrogativas QU- no Constructicon da FrameNet Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7881.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O trabalho aqui apresentado insere-se no projeto Multilingual Knowledge Base ou simplesmente m.knob (www.mknob.com), o qual tem por objetivo criar um aplicativo web e vem sendo desenvolvido no Laboratório FrameNet Brasil de Linguística Computacional – FN-Br – (SALOMÃO, 2009). De forma mais geral, a FN-Br vem explorando a implementação das teorias da Semântica de Frames e da Gramática de Construções através da criação de recursos linguísticos computacionais, como o Lexicon e o Constructicon do Português Brasileiro (PB) – um repertório de construções disponível online. Dessa maneira, esta dissertação busca embasamento em pressupostos teóricos relacionados à Linguística Cognitiva, tais como a Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982) e a Gramática das Construções de Berkeley (KAY & FILLMORE, 1999) e segue a metodologia de análise da Berkeley FrameNet (FILLMORE ET AL. 2003). Nesse contexto, o objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar a descrição e a modelagem linguístico-computacional (cf. DIAS-DA-SILVA, 1996) das construções Interrogativas QU- em PB na base construcional da FrameNet Brasil, a qual sustenta o aplicativo web m.knob. A pesquisa se justifica pelo fato de o chatbot – uma interface de recomendação de atrações turísticas baseada em compreensão de língua natural – empregado no aplicativo não suportar que o usuário interaja através de sentenças interrogativas. Nesse sentido, a descrição e modelagem das construções QU- se faz necessária de modo a contribuir para que o usuário, durante a interação com o aplicativo, busque informações adicionais acerca das atrações recomendadas através de perguntas. Para fomentar essa funcionalidade nova, esta dissertação traz uma proposta de modelagem de onze construções QU- em PB. Ao final, aplica-se um teste de prova de conceito para avaliação do modelo proposto.
This work is part of the Multilingual Knowledge Base project or simply m.knob (www.mknob.com). It aims to create a web application and has been developed at the FrameNet Brasil Laboratory of Computational Linguistics - FN-Br - (SALOMÃO, 2009). More generally, FN-Br has been exploring the implementation of Framing Semantics and Construction Grammar theories through the creation of computational linguistic resources, such as the Lexicon and Constructicon of the Brazilian Portuguese (PB) - a repertoire of constructions available online. In this way, this Master’s thesis is based on the theoretical assumptions of Cognitive Linguistics, such as Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982) and the Berkeley Constructions Grammar (KAY & FILLMORE, 1999). Our analytical methodology is the one by Berkeley FrameNet (FILLMORE et al., 2003). In this context, this thesis aims to present the description and the linguistic-computational modeling (cf. DIAS-DA-SILVA, 1996) of the Interrogative Wh-constructions of the Brazilian Portuguese in the constructional base of FrameNet Brasil, which supports the web application m.knob. The research is justified by the fact that the chatbot - a tourist attraction recommendation interface based on natural-language understanding - employed in the application does not support the user interacting through interrogative sentences. In that sense, the description and modeling of Wh-constructions are necessary in order to help the user, during interaction with the application, look for additional information about the recommended attractions through questions. To foster this new function, this thesis presents a proposal for modeling eleven Wh-Constructions in Brazilian Portuguese. At the end, a proof of concept test is applied to evaluate the proposed model.
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Ayaou, Jamila. "Constructions complétives et interrogatives indirectes en arabe standard et maghrébin." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21003.
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Depuis longtemps, les grammairiens arabes se sont intéressés à l'étude de la phrase et surtout au phénomène de la "liaison" dans les phrases complexes. La liaison est représentée, en général, par des morphèmes qui assurent une relation entre la matrice et l'enchâssée. La complétive use de cet emploi. Elle est soit introduite par une particule dite du cas direct soit introduite par un interrogatif quant il s'agit d'une interrogative indirecte. L’observation de ce type de phrases a montré qu'elles peuvent être sujettes à plusieurs transformations de déplacements. Ces déplacements sont plus fréquents en arabe standard qu'en arabe maghrébin. Ces transformations déplacent un seul élément ou toute la subordonnée. Ces mouvements laissent une trace qui hérite le cas du constituant déplacé. Ces règles de mouvements organisent la phrase de telle manière que les règles d'assignation des fonctions arrangent les constituants, c'est-à-dire se chargent de l'ordre des termes et déclenchent le processus d'assignation des casFor a long time, the Arabic grammarians were interested to the study of the clauses and particularly to the phenomenon of the complex clauses. The complex clauses are presented by particles which make a relation between the matrix and the insert. The movements in the completive are more frequent in standard Arabic than Maghreb Arabic. These movements are able to displace one element all the subordinate. The movement of np or who-question let a trace which inherits the case of the displaced constituent. The rules of the movement arrange the clause so that the rules of the assignation of the functions arrange the constituents and undertake the clause order
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Jones, Sarah. "Graphic intervention interrogating newspaper design as a site of social construction /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/55170.
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Thesis (MDes) - National School of Design, Swinburne University of Technology, 2009.A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Design by Research, [Swinburne University of Technology], 2009. Typescript. Bibliography: p. [89]-91.
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Biggs, Eric. "Triggering Blends: A Construction Grammar Account of Hortatory Force in Rhetorical Uses of 'What Are You Waiting For? '." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1559860888861911.
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Jacquemin, Bernard. "Construction et interrogation de la structure informationnelle d'une base documentaire en français." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003957.
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Cette thèse présente une méthode originale pour identifier et structurer l'information de documents et pour l'interroger. Comme les méthodes linguistiques améliorent les résultats des systèmes actuels, cette approche se base sur des analyses linguistiques et des ressources lexicales. Une analyse grammaticale de haut niveau (morphologique, syntaxique et sémantique) identifie d'abord les éléments d'information et les lie entre eux. Puisque le contexte des requêtes est faible, les textes sont analysés. Puis le contenu des ressources confère aux informations de nombreuses actualisations grâce à des transformations contextuelles : synonymie simple et complexe, dérivations avec adaptation du contexte syntaxique, adjonction de traits sémantiques... Enfin, l'interrogation des textes est testée. Une analyse morpho-syntaxique de la question en identifie les éléments d'information et choisit le type de la réponse attendue. Le fragment de texte contenant ces données constitue la réponse à la question.
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Hazell, Rudy. "Interrogating the social construction of race and difference in Ontario public schools." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63218.pdf.
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Rudick, Charles Kyle. "RACE, SOCIALIZATION, AND CIVILITY: INTERROGATING THE COMMUNICATIVE CONSTRUCTION OF THE WHITE HABITUS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1046.
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The purpose of this dissertation project was to understand how institutions of higher education, through both punishments and rewards, ensure that dominant cultural codes are "taught" to students of color in ways that normalize whiteness ideologies. I wanted to understand racism in higher education through the lens of socialization to show the ways in which institutional members (un)intentionally conflate dominant cultural codes with the "correct" or "normal" way to think, act, or speak. Furthermore, I was interested in the ways that students of color take up, defer, resist, adapt, mix, subvert, and/or accommodate the institutional practices that (re)produce racial power within contemporary U.S. higher education. To pursue these goals, I focused on topics of racism, socialization through the white habitus, and civility utilizing critical-qualitative methodologies. I interviewed fourteen participants of various racial backgrounds a total of twenty-eight times to understand how they identified and negotiated the institutional norms of higher education. Specially, I utilized in-depth interviewing methods with narrative analysis and counterstory techniques to generate themes and present stories concerning my topics. My analysis of participants' responses generated insights related to my areas of study. First, I showed how racism manifests in a myriad of ways, including stereotypes and stereotype threats, microaggressions of invisibility, and overt forms of physical/mental violence. These themes indicate that racism still presents a significant threat to the health, well-being, and success of students of color within higher education. Second, I utilized Co-Cultural Theory to analyze participants' descriptions of higher education as a space that is dominated by the white habitus. That is, participants described specific communicative codes that constituted the practices of an idealized White identity within higher education and the ways they assimilated, accommodated, and separated from that identity. Third, I drew upon the notion of civility to understand the ways that its practice can function to perpetuate or subvert racism within higher education. Participants described appeals to covering ground and common courtesy as ways that conversations about race and racism are elided by dominant members in higher education thereby perpetuating whiteness. Additionally, I found that participants utilized purposive silence, niceness, and absurdity as ways to subvert the hegemonic dimensions of civility. Overall, my analysis points to the relationships among cultural, institutional, and individual rules and performances of race and racism. I concluded my dissertation by describing the major findings of the project and offering ways to combat racism in higher education. I offered that this dissertation can further whiteness studies by focusing attention on the cultural norms and practices that constitute the socializing mechanisms of higher education (or other institutions). This type of analysis is important because it does not rely upon essentialized racial identities (e.g., linking whiteness to White bodies); instead, it focuses attention on the institutional rules and norms that constitute yet transcend racial categories. I also drew upon Black Feminist Thought and Critical Communication Pedagogy to map out a dialogic ethic that serves as a foundation for communicating through inclusive civility to provide a guide for coalitional politics for social-justice work. I ended with the hope that such an ethic may provide a necessary step in the work to elicit institutional change and cultural renewal.
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Malherbe, Nick. "Interrogating the 'crisis of fatherhood' : discursive constructions of fathers amongst peri-urban Xhosa-speaking adolescents." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18807.
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Includes bibliographical referencesMass media as well as academic literature frequently refer to the high prevalence of paternal non-residence in South Africa as a 'crisis of fatherhood'. To interrogate this apparent 'crisis', this study explored how Xhosa-speaking adolescents - whose voices have been predominantly ignored in fathering literature - discursively construct fathers and fathering. Using Photovoice methodology, semi-structured photo-elicitation interviews were conducted with 17 male and female adolescents. These interviews explored fathering practices, the duty of the father, and the different kinds of fathers or fathering forms available in their community. The interviews were then analysed through discourse analysis. It was found that participants drew on eight interpretive repertoires, namely: Fatherhood as a Choice, Gendered Parenting, Maternalism as Natural Parenting, Fragmented Fatherhood, Inactive Fathering, Provider and Childrearer, Essential Father Versus the Important Father, and Collective Enterprise of Fathering. What emerged from the data was a fragmented, agentic conceptualisation of the father, who was expected to embody both 'new' and traditional parenting to varying degrees. Fathering, as well as mothering, was constructed as being performed along gendered lines, with 'good fathering' taking on an overtly active form. The discourse established the father as a secondary parent to the mother, and although biological fathering was prized over social fathering, the community father - a particular kind of social father who channels paternal energy into community concerns - was valued in a similar manner to the 'essential' or biological father. With little or vague rationalisation given to the biological father's 'specialness', the results of this study seem to indicate that the crisis of fathering is a product of a hyper-idealistic, gendered, classist conceptualisation of the nuclear family as an essential family form. The notion of the nuclear family as normative and desirable acts to limit appreciated forms of fathering to material provision, and may contribute to children feeling that they do not have a father, despite receiving adequate social fathering. Implications of these findings for future research, and for family intervention programmes in the South African context, are discussed.
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Andreewsky, Marina. "Construction automatique d'un système de type expert pour l'interrogation de bases de données textuelles." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112310.
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Notre thèse décrit la construction d’un système d’aide à l’interrogation de bases de données textuelles en naturel, le système FASE. Pour une base donnée, FASE génère automatiquement des suites de mots sémantiquement importants de son vocabulaire. Celles-ci sont organisées en arborescence: la racine correspond aux termes généraux de la base et les feuilles aux termes spécifiques d’un petit nombre de documents. Les arborescences sont créées à l'aide de deux modules : le premier, à caractère linguistique, attribue un fichier inverse des mots sémantiques à chaque base traitée. Il comprend une analyse morpho-syntaxique et le traitement de certaines formes de négation et de synonymie. Le second créé, à partir du fichier inverse, des chaînes de mots importants de la base qui recouvrent tous les documents concernés à une étape donnée. Cette procédure permet également d’effectuer une classification automatique de la base textuelle traitée. L'interrogation d'une base consiste en un parcours sélectif de l’arborescence, de la racine à une feuille, c'est-à-dire du niveau le plus général au niveau le plus spécifique. A chaque étape, le système présente à l'utilisateur une suite de mots caractéristiques d'un ensemble de plus en plus restreint de documents. Celui-ci sélectionne les mots les plus proches du sujet qui l'intéresse et le système calcule dynamiquement la nouvelle suite de mots à proposer. Aucune requête n'est à formuler: le système guide la recherche et permet de converger vers les documents correspondants aux validations successives.
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Opongo, Elias Omondi. "NGO Peacebuilding in Northern Uganda: Interrogating Liberal Peace from the Ground." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5429.
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The question of what agenda drives NGO peacebuilding in post-conflict setting has been raised in a number of literatures which make generalized conclusions that NGOs tend to respond to the liberal peace agenda, and in the process co-opt local peacebuilding initiatives. Liberal peace agenda refers to the post-conflict peacebuilding approach based on the promotion of democracy, economic liberalization, human rights and the rule of law. As such, NGOs are seen as privatizing peacebuilding, marginalizing local initiatives and applying unsustainable approaches to peacebuilding in post-conflict contexts. Provoked by these assertions, I conducted field research in northern Uganda, which up to 2006 had experienced 22 years of conflict between the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and Government of Uganda (GOU). I contend in my findings that while to some extent the generalized observations made by liberal peace critics are true, they fail to fully engage with the micro aspects of post-conflict peacebuilding. The macro-analytic assertions of the liberal peace critics ignore the plurality of the NGO peacebuilding practice, the diverse internal organizational culture, and the complexities and diversities of the contextual dynamics of post-conflict settings. My research was based on a micro level analysis and demonstrated that the peacebuilding process in northern Uganda was interactive, and, as such, engendered diverse encounters of sense-making, relationship building and co-construction of peacebuilding discourse and practice between NGOs, donors and local community. The study shows that peacebuilding was essentially relational and developed through a process of relational constructionism, which denotes social processes of reality construction based on relational encounters.
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Dussaux, Gaétan. "Ironweb - construction collective de bases de connaissances sur internet." INSA de Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAM0004.
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Les principaux points d'entrees sur internet aujourd'hui sont les moteurs de recherche et les annuaires. Les moteurs de recherche sont victimes de leur puissance d'indexation et les resultats sont par consequent trop bruites. Les annuaires quant a eux sont plus qualitatifs mais indexent de l'information d'ordre generale. Ils sont souvent victimes de silence. Dans le cadre de notre these, il nous a paru interessant de reflechir sur la facon dont les internautes utilisent ces moteurs, et plus generalement, la facon dont ils naviguent sur la toile ; ceci afin d'extraire automatiquement l'information pertinente disponible. Ironweb est un outil qui collecte, exploite et factorise les differentes experiences de navigation des membres d'un groupe, pour mieux identifier les informations pertinentes du web correspondant au domaine d'expertise du groupe. L'objectif de cette these est de proposer un systeme (ironweb) grace auquel des groupes d'utilisateurs participent de facon transparente et collective a la selection de documents pertinents sur la toile, afin de construire des bases de connaissances specifiques a des thematiques. La demarche generale consiste a observer les utilisateurs dans leur processus de recherche d'information sur la toile, et a s'appuyer sur ces observations pour indexer les documents par rapport a leur utilisation. Le systeme ironweb repose sur un serveur de signets, lequel permet au groupe de constituer sa propre memoire de navigation sous forme d'une base de cas. La consultation de la base de connaissances peut se faire via une interrogation par mots cles (indexation en texte integral du contenu des pages web pointees par les signets), via une navigation type annuaire dans la base (fusion et regroupement des classements hierarchiques des signets des membres du groupe) ou via des mecanismes de rapc. Le tout est accessible au moyen d'un simple navigateur pour faciliter les acces nomades et l'adhesion des utilisateurs. Nous proposons une experimentation du systeme ironweb a l'insa de rouen. Notre objectif est d'utiliser les differentes navigations de l'ensemble des enseignants d'une section ou d'un departement dans le but d'extraire le plus automatiquement possible l'information pertinente de la toile concernant le domaine d'enseignement. Le systeme peut ainsi construire sa propre base de connaissances du domaine et la mettre a disposition des etudiants pour leur faciliter les recherches sur internet. Notre travail peut s'appliquer a toute structure qui souhaite mettre en commun le resultat de differentes recherches sur le web, comme les cellules de veille sur internet, les societes d'intelligence economique, les ssii
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Leotti, Sandra Marie. "Interrogating the Construction and Representations of Criminalized Women in the Academic Social Work Literature: A Critical Discourse Analysis." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5117.
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In the United States today, there are 2.3 million people behind bars in jails and prisons. Mass incarceration has swept up the United States to such a degree that we are known globally for holding more people in correctional facilities than any other country in the world. Although women have always, and still do, reflect a smaller proportion of the correctional population, over the last 40 years, their rates of criminalization and imprisonment have far outpaced that of men's. Drastic increases in the criminalization of women are intimately connected to the entrenchment of social disadvantage enabled under neoliberal globalization. Neoliberal transformations in the economy have contributed to women's poverty across the globe and have brought an increasing number of women into contact with the criminal justice system. The rising incarceration rate of women, and the disproportionate rate of women of color in U.S. prisons is a timely and urgent issue and one that social work is poised to address. Indeed, some of our most prominent national organizations recognize mass incarceration as an urgent issue that merits the attention of social workers. As such, it is prudent to examine social work's engagement with this issue.
This study employed a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of social work scholarship in order to: 1) explore current constructions of criminalized women in social work; 2) understand the knowledge produced through such constructions; and 3) explore how that knowledge supports/shapes practice with criminalized women. Specifically, this study draws on Jäger and Maier's (2009) framework for performing a Foucauldian-inspired CDA. This approach centers Foucault's conceptualizations of discourse and the workings of power and builds on the work of Jurgen Link (1982) to examine the function of discourse in legitimizing and securing dominance.
Data include a sample of 49 articles published in social work high impact journals from 2000-2018. A keyword search was performed to locate articles with an explicit focus on incarcerated/criminalized women. Only articles dealing with a U.S. context were included. Analysis occurred on two levels consisting of a structural analysis to identify initial coding schema and a detailed analysis of select articles. Detailed analysis attended to: context of text; surface of text; rhetorical means; content and ideological statements. These two levels of analysis lead to an overall synoptic analysis, or final assessment of the overall discourse. Multi-racial feminism, discourse theory, and Foucault's concept of governmentality anchored the research and provided the theoretical framework for analysis.
The overarching finding is that social work high impact journals privilege a psychological discourse and that the assessment and management of risk has supplanted a holistic approach to meeting client needs and addressing mass incarceration. This, I conclude, reflects a neoliberal political climate and aligns social work with penal institutions in troubling ways. Criminalized women are overwhelmingly constructed as risky in the sample. Embedded in this construction is a strong neoliberal discourse on knowing and changing the "responsibilized" self. The implied knowledge claims that flow from these constructions rely on the use of "objective" and often depoliticized explanations for crime and criminal justice involvement. I show how this depoliticization is accomplished through a variety of neutralizing strategies, which ultimately serve to depoliticize social work itself. I highlight how, by primarily constituting criminalized women as risky, social work necessarily responds to her with individualized service delivery aimed at regulating and changing the behavior of individuals. I argue that in its reliance on practices of risk management and a preference toward micro-level service delivery, social work deploys regulatory practices that further neoliberal governance (Parton, 1998; Webb, 2003).
Further, I discovered a profound ethical dissonance between social work's engagement with criminalized women and social work values. Specifically, I found that social work discourse passively accepts the logic of punishment and supports dominant ideology surrounding gender and crime while concurrently attempting to redress the consequences of such constructions through social justice values. I conceptualize this as a discursive struggle over the meaning and purpose of social work; a struggle that embodies some of the most salient historical and contemporary tensions in our field related to our professional identity and an increasing drive toward professionalization (Reisch, 2013).
I argue that social work's growing dedication to practices that seek to adjust the psychological fortitude of criminalized women relies on broader cultural discourses of responsibilization, which reproduce, rather than interrupt criminalization, and divert attention away from the need for social and economic change. My analysis exposes how social work is implicated in processes of criminalization and propels a shift in emphasis from individualized service delivery, aimed at changing the behavior of individuals, to launching interventions that tackle structural injustice and inequity. Understanding the subtle and productive work of power to undermine our "good intentions" and aspirations for social justice requires us to rethink explanations for crime and our understandings regarding the purpose and necessity of the criminal justice system.
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Le, Pesant Denis. "La Règle de montée une règle pour l'analyse des constructions relatives, des descriptions définies, des extractions et des phrases interrogatives : syntaxe du français /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376073315.
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Le, Pesant Denis. "La regle de montee une regle pour l'analyse des constructions relatives, des descriptions definies, des extractions et des phrases interrogatives. Syntaxe du francais." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070017.
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Nous avons emprunte a j. R. Vergnaud le principe de l'analyse par montee. Pour nous il existe une condition sur montee: le gn destine a faire l'objet de montee doit etre affecte d'un determinant indefini. Le gn, apres avoir ete deplace en premiere position, est affecte du constituant discontinu "le. . . Qu-": je vois un homme. L'homme que je vois. Nous avons principalement distingue deux relativations. Nous partons d'une structure de base constituee d'une suite de deux phrases, telles que: p1 je vois un homme p2 (e) est luc relativation 1: le gn produit par montee dans p1 est enchasse dans la position lexicalement vide de p2. P1 est ensuite effacee. Nous obtenons: l'homme que je vois est luc. Relativation 2: meme procedure que ci-dessus, sauf l'effacement de p1. Le gn enchasse en p2 est converti, suivant des regles morphosyntaxiques, en une des formes du pronom relatif, du pronom personnel, ou du pronom demonstratif. Nous obtenons "je vois un homme qui est luc", ou "je vois un homme. Celui-ci est luc". Ainsi, relativation est un cas particulier de pronominalisation. D'autre part il nous a semble qu'un gn produit par montee est sous-jacent a tout gn defini, sauf s'il s'agit d'un nom propre ou d'un nom referant a un objet unique. Nous avons enfin essaye d'appliquer montee a l'analyse des extractions (c'est. . . Qu-) et des phrases interrogativesWe borrowed from j. R. Vergnaud the principle of the analysis according the rule of raising. For us there is one condition to raising: the np that is to be raised must be provided with an indefinite determiner. The np is shifted to the head of the sentence. Besides it is provided with the discontinuous unit "le. . . Qu-": je vois un homme. L'homme que je vois. We have mainly distinguished two relativizations. We start from a basic structure with two sentences such as: si je vois un homme s2 (e) est luc relativization 1: the gap in s2 is filled by a np produced by raising in s1. S1 is then erased. We have got: l'homme que je vois est luc. Relativization 2: same process as seen above, without the erasing of s1. The np embedded in s2 is converted, according morphosyntactic rules, into one of the forms of the relative pronoun or into other pronominal forms. We have got either "je vois un homme qui est luc" or "je vois un homme. Celui-ci est luc". Thus relativization is a particular case of pronominalization. Besides it appeared to us that a np generated by raising is underlying in every definite np, except if it is a name or a noun referring to a unique thing. We eventually tried to use raising in the analysis of extractions (c'est. . . Qu-) and interrogative sentences
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O'Connor, Peggy A. "Construction of mathematical meaning in a 6th grade classroom : an analysis of modal auxiliaries in teacher interrogatives across the teaching of fractions and geometry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/NQ44537.pdf.
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Dewa, Nonhlanhla. "Interrogating gender constructions in the Daily Sun: an analysis of the coverage of the 'Charter for a Man' campaign against gender violence between November and December 2007." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002879.
Full textAbstract:
The study seeks to interrogate the gender constructions in the Daily Sun’s “Charter for a Man” campaign which ran from 7 November to 7 December 2007. It coincided with the 16 Days of Activism against gender violence and was designed to lobby support for this campaign and discourage men from physically abusing women. The “Charter for a Man” listed nine principles that signatories were to abide by. It included a section to be signed by men to be submitted to and collected by the Daily Sun. The campaign was constructed as an intervention into the issue of gender violence. Consequently, the 30 news stories, four editorial pieces and 11 letters to the editor that were published during the campaign period make up the textual data analysed in the study. The news stories consisted of testimonies from abused women and some women abusers. In addition, celebrity signatories were selected to endorse the campaign and encourage other men to follow suit. In the editorials, the campaign was consistently flagged as a nation building initiative which all men were supposed to support. The letters to the editor consisted of readers who either supported or rejected the campaign. The study takes place against the context of a patriarchal society characterised by high levels of violence. Given this scenario, the study is informed by a concern with gender justice and therefore considers whether such a campaign, ostensibly aimed at eradicating gender violence, has the potential of being transformative of gender inequalities. The study set out to establish the kinds of masculinities and femininities that were variously constituted in the campaign as well as the gender discourses that were privileged. It is informed by the theories of feminist poststructuralism and Foucault’s conceptualisation of discourse. As the campaign is the initiative of a tabloid newspaper, it is also considered within the framework of newspaper campaigns and arguments about tabloids and the public sphere. As text based research, the study employs critical discourse analysis as a qualitative procedure of textual analysis. It makes use of an eclectic approach to textual analysis that draws on linguistics, narrative and argumentation. The texts are analysed according to the categories of news texts contained which includes the Charter itself, signatory articles, testimonies, vox pops and letters to the editor. The overarching theme of nationhood projected in the editorials and other categories is also discussed as part of the analysis. The study concludes that the Daily Sun campaign might be a seemingly progressive action at first glance. However, it does not challenge the existing gender order but rather maintains and sustains patriarchal attitudes through the repeated representation of women as weak and in need of patronage and men as their protectors and providers. In some instances, women are constructed primarily as sexual beings as their physical attributes are emphasised, while men are constructed as working class citizens and rational beings. The study therefore proposes that the Daily Sun fails as an alternative public sphere that might make visible the concerns of women as a marginalised group in society. The campaign, it is argued, is self-serving in its promotion of the Daily Sun’s image as the “People’s Paper” rather than serious concerns about gender violence.
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Divoux, Anouchka. "La question comme outil de construction de l’intercompréhension en réunion de travail." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0233.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse cherche à analyser le fonctionnement des questions lors de réunions de travail, tout en explorant leur lien à l’intercompréhension. Prenant son ancrage dans la sociolinguistique des interactions verbales, cette étude a nécessité la mise en place d’un cadre théorique éclectique composé de différents champs disciplinaires. Ce cadre sur-mesure permet à des approches différentes mais complémentaires d’éclairer la compréhension de ce phénomène inscrit dans un contexte complexe soumis à de multiples enjeux. Nous cherchons ainsi à comprendre comment les questions participent à l’intercompréhension des locuteurs, tout en analysant leurs spécificités sociolinguistiques, interactionnelles et pragmatiques en situation de travail. La constitution et l’analyse d’un corpus de quinze heures quarante d’enregistrement représentant environ 229 000 mots transcrits nous ont permis d’identifier plusieurs fonctionnements des questions à l’oeuvre dans la construction de l’intercompréhension. Nous nous intéressons ainsi à trois phénomènes peu décrits dans la littérature scientifique consacrée aux questions : les semi-assertions, les questions suspensives et les questions hybridesThis thesis aims at analyzing how questions work during work meetings, while exploring how they are linked to cross-comprehension. Rooted in the sociolinguistics of verbal interactions framework, this study required to create an eclectic theoretical framework made up of different disciplinary fields. This tailor-made framework allowed for different but complementary approaches to shed light on this phenomenon taking place in a complex context and subjected to multiple challenges. Thus, we seek to understand what role questions play in the speakers’ cross-comprehension process whilst analyzing their sociolinguistic, interactional and pragmatic features in work situations. The constitution and analysis of a 15 hours and 40 minutes corpus accounting for approximately 229,000 transcribed words allowed us to identify several ways questions work in the making of cross-comprehension. We looked at three phenomenon that are rarely described in scientific literature on questions: semi-assertions, suspensive questions and hybrid questions
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Ripoche, Hugues. "Une construction interactive d'interprétations de données : application aux bases de données de séquences génétiques." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20248.
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L'objectif de cette these est de faciliter l'interpretation de grands ensembles de donnees, c'est-a-dire d'extraire des connaissances a partir de donnees. Nous avons utilise deux domaines complementaires: bases de donnees (objet) et apprentissage automatique. Dans une premiere etape, nous proposons d'extraire des descripteurs a partir d'ensembles de donnees de reference, puis d'utiliser ces descripteurs pour interpreter de nouvelles donnees (non encore caracterisees). Dans une seconde etape, une classification construite a partir de donnees interpretees par des descripteurs peut etre critiquee par une methode d'analyse specifique, ce qui conduit en retour a une revision des donnees et des descripteurs. Une application a ete menee dans le cadre de l'analyse de sequences genetiques (proteines) en utilisant des motifs proteiques comme descripteurs, des treillis de concept comme methode de classification et l'alignement multiple de sequences pour la critique
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Rezgui, Yacine. "Intégration des systèmes d'informations techniques pour l'exploitation des ouvrages." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523175.
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La gestion de l'information technique et administrative produite durant le cycle de vie d'un projet de construction est envisageable via une description structurée des données. Cette description destinée à l'utilisateur mais aussi à l'ordinateur peut s'exprimer selon un langage (tel EXPRESS) qui devrait permettre l'inter-opérabilité des systèmes informatiques qui la mettent en oeuvre. Ces derniers manipulent ainsi une structure unique et non ambiguë de données, assurant de la sorte l'intégrité et la cohérence de l'information produite et manipulée. La description de cette structure est communément appelée "Modèle de Données". Le document est le support favori de description d'un projet d'ingénierie. Il constitue la base conceptuelle et réglementaire de tout processus industriel. L'analyse des documents produits durant le cycle de vie d'un projet révèle l'importance de leur cadre descriptif, législatif et juridique, comme en témoigne l'exemple du Cahier des Clauses Techniques Particulières (CCTP). Le CCTP est un des documents essentiels issu des études détaillées d'un projet. Il se distingue notamment par son volume, et par la pertinence de son contenu : il définit les conditions particulières d'exécution des ouvrages et complète leur description faite au travers des plans techniques. La consultation des entrepreneurs impose la répartition des corps d'état en lots de travaux. Les conséquences essentielles d'une telle démarche concernent la coordination de l'exécution des ouvrages et les responsabilités postérieures à leur achèvement. Tous ces détails et notamment tous ceux portant sur les limites de prestations entre lots doivent être judicieusement traités par le lot en question. Ainsi, le souci actuel des professionnels du bâtiment est de pouvoir produire au moment utile et opportun pour un prescripteur donné, un descriptif de qualité, compatible avec ceux précédemment approuvés, et fidèle à la description réelle du projet, fournie par un modèle de données du bâtiment. Cette thèse se propose de démontrer la possibilité de génération de pièces écrites via un modèle de données supportant la description formelle, physique et performancielle d'un projet de construction. Il s'agit de proposer une structure logique de document, à partir de laquelle est dérivée la définition type du CCTP de référence (DTD CCTP) en langage SGML. Les éléments de la DTD sont ensuite instanciés afin de produire la version balisée du CCTP. Une telle mise en oeuvre permet entre autres la génération du sommaire, des listes de références ainsi que des liens hypertexte internes et externes au document. Nous proposons par la suite un modèle d'association permettant l'indexation des concepts du modèle de données du bâtiment par des items documentaires du CCTP balisé. C'est au travers des instances de ce modèle qu'est produit le CCTP projet, moyennant tous les contrôles de cohérences internes et externes au document. Cette approche assure une qualité maximale des pièces descriptives d'un projet et contribue à la diminution des risques d'erreurs liés au processus complexe de conception / réalisation / maintenance d'une opération de construction. En guise de conclusion, nous proposons une généralisation de cette approche à tout type de document "projet".
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Deng, An-Ting, and 鄧安婷. "Interrogative Constructions in Kanakanavu." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/71165698177418844187.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
102
This thesis aims to explore the morpho-syntax of interrogative constructions in Kanakanavu, which include the following three types: nominal, adverbial, and verbal interrogative constructions. In spite of being regarded as a subgroup of Tsou, academic researchers paid less attention on this minority group. Anthropological, linguistic, and ethnic studies on Kanakanavu are relatively few, compared with the research of other indigenous groups. Therefore, the goals of this study are three-fold. Firstly, the thesis aims to provide a detailed syntactic description on the interrogaitve constructions of Kanakanavu. Next, the thesis will examine the syntactic features of every interrogative words observed in Kanakanavu. Third, the verbal and adverbial functions of interrogative verbal complexes in adverbial verb constructions (AVCs) will be more elaborated in this thesis. Interrogative words, based on their syntactic categories, are classified as the following three types: nominal, adverbial, and verbal types. Each type has its own ways of syntactic distribution and characteristics. First of all, a nominal wh-element must occur in argument positions, unless it is cleaved to the sentence-initial position as a nominal predicate in an equational construction. Secondly, an adverbial wh-element behaves like its indicative adverbial counterparts, able to occur in different locations. Lastly, a verbal wh-element occupies the predicate position, preceded by various aspect markers, inflected for different voices, and bound by pronominal clitics. In accordance with the morphological analyzability of verbal interrogative words, they can be sub-divided into two types. One type is unanalyzable interrogative verbs, and the other is analyzable interrogative verbal complexes. Verbal interrogative words have the same grammatical distribution as common verbs. However, as verbal interrogative words occur in verb series, they are like the adverbial modifiers of the following verbs. Such adverbial function of verbal interrogative words can be well explained with the adverbial verb constructions (AVCs), a typologically unusual syntactic pattern of Formosan languages (Chang 2009, 2010). The syntactic patterns of Kanakanavu AVCs are much closer to the Tsou-type. In brief, this thesis is expected to provide a bird’s-eye view of Kanakanavu interrogative constructions in an attempt to bring in some contributions to the Kanakanavu studies or even Formosan linguistics in general.
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Shu-ching, Liu, and 劉淑琴. "Interrogative Constructions in Ulivelivek Puyuma." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59768110444105383486.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄師範大學
台灣歷史文化及語言研究所
103
This thesis investigates Puyuma the Ulivelivek dialect, a less explored Formosan language spoken in Taitung Prefecture, Taiwan. It was to investigate the various phenomena of interrogative constructions. The pragmatic range is mostly used in Taitung Beinan Township, Ulivelivek, Dandanaw, Alipai, Pinaski, Tamalakaw and Rikabung six tribes. The present studies focus on the Puyuma language Nanwang dialect or Katipul dialect for the bulk, and fewer scholars do research about Ulivelivek dialect and Katipul dialect. There may be similar syntax and vocabulary among local dialects, but they are not always in common. This study is based on Ulivelivek dialect as the main object and then compares with the previous studies in Nanwang dialect. There are some nominal question words in Ulivelivek Puyuma language interrogatives: such like "eman" / "ema-eman" "who; what / what", "iyan" "which one; where", "kemudakuda" "what kind", "aydan" "when", "papida" / "pidaya" / "manueman" "how much"; some verbal forms, like "kuda" "how"; adverbial wh-words: "taw-za-eman" / "man" "why". This article aims to explore these questions, vocabulary words related to parts of speech, grammar and pragmatic performance of functions, and then to compare with the Puyuma Nanwang language. Besides question words, there are non-choice questions and discuss questions to be probed into. Finally it detects no fixed usage of the question words. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter is a brief description of the distribution and Puyuma language background, motivation, purpose, infrastructure ... etc. The second chapter lists Ulivelivek dialect voice systems, sites of the system, the focus of the system, synonymous with the system and word order. Chapter 3 reviews the Taiwan Austronesian question words, Puyuma Nanwang language dialect words and questions, questions with no fixed term usage of the relevant literature. The fourth chapter is distributed to Ulivelivek doubt dialect word, yes-no question, the use of alternative questions and makes a comparison with the Nanwang dialect. Chapter 5 is Ulivelive Puyuma language no doubt given word usage. The last chapter conclusion, the above questions, descriptive word for the review and study restrictions described and future prospects.
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Shih, Cindy Peiru, and 施姵如. "Interrogative Constructions in Plngawan Atayal." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qw7g3n.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
英語學系
96
This thesis investigates both the morphosyntax and intonation of interrogative constructions in Plngawan Atayal, a C’uli’ Atayal dialect spoken in Ren-ai Township, Nantou County. In the study, four types of interrogative sentences are identified, including yes-no questions, tag questions, alternative questions and information questions. They differ from each other in terms of the piece of information being inquired, strategies being used, and intonation contours. With respect to the morphosyntax of interrogative sentences, it is pointed out that (i) most yes-no questions are formed via contour modification that occurs within the last two syllables of declarative sentences, (ii) yes-no questions may also be formed by means of the question particle ya’ that occurs sentence-initially, while the question tag ’aw in tag questions has to appear sentence-finally, (iii) alternative questions are analyzed as the juxtaposition of a phonologically-marked yes-no question and a ya’-initiated yes-no question; besides, only forward deletion is allowed in Plngawan, and (iv) interrogative words used to form information questions may be divided into interrogative nouns and interrogative verbs based on their morphosyntactic characteristics. In terms of distribution of interrogative words, Plngawan Atayal is classified as an optional-fronting language that observes the subject-sensitive constraint. Intonational phenomena of various interrogative sentences are also investigated, including (i) relations among syllable structure, stress pattern, gender and contour modification of yes-no questions, (ii) influences of ya’ and ’aw on contours of yes-no and tag questions as well as the phenomenon of downdrift suspension, (iii) influences of the predicate/non-predicate distinction on intonational behaviors of ya’ in alternative questions, and (iv) influences of syllable structure and position in a sentence of interrogative words on contours of information questions. Furthermore, it is found that intonation in Plngawan may exhibit at least four functions: (i) distinguishing among various illocutionary forces, e.g. to turn a statement into a yes-no question, (ii) differentiating among types of interrogative sentences, (iii) deriving non-question readings of interrogative sentences, e.g. indefinite, rhetorical question, exclamation and hesitation, and (iv) enabling speakers to express attitudinal implications while asking questions, e.g. threatening, emphasis and impatience.
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Chang, Chung-yang Marco, and 張中揚. "On the Interrogative Constructions in Isbukun Bunun." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40576954098996747505.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
英語學系
98
The thesis investigates the interrogative constructions in Isbukun Bunun spoken in Taitung Prefecture. Specifically, we focus on the construction of wh-questions and the syntactic representation of interrogative particles. We claim that Isbukun Bunun wh-questions are actually a manifestation of a pseudo-cleft structure, where the sentence-initial wh-word is a base-generated predicate, followed by a headless relative clause. Two possible analyses of the construction of Isbukun Bunun wh-questions are provided: the wh-movement/fronting analysis and cleft analysis. We argue for the cleft analysis and against the fronting analysis for the following reasons: First, wh-questions structurally parallel pseudo-clefts on the surface. Second, violation of Subjacency Condition in wh-questions proves that the sentence-initial wh-words are not derived through wh-movement as those in English. The lack of island effect can be accounted for with Generalized Control Rule. Third, in terms of the syntactic position of the irrealis marker na, the sentence-initial wh-words are characteristic of a predicate. Among the Isbukun Bunun wh-words, it is found that mavia-initiated wh-questions manifest distinct syntactic structure. Adopting Rizzi’s (1997) Split CP Hypothesis, we propose that mavia is syntactically base-generated in a higher position, namely, the [Spec, INT], compared to other wh-words. The obligatorily sentence-initial Isbukun Bunun wh-words are a ‘real exception’ to Keenan’s (1976) subject-sensitive constraint. We also propose that Isbukun Bunun interrogative particles are all base-generated at C0, bearing the strong feature [+Q] and [+EPP]. Besides, the previously studied interrogative particle adu, while co-occurring with another interrogative particle ha in yes-no questions, behaves more like a irrealis adverb. Making reference to Rizzi’s (2002) cartographic approach to the left periphery integrated with the position targeted by adverbial phrases, and Cinque’s (1999) adverbial hierarchy, we argue that adu is base-generated in the Spec of MODirrealis head in the left-peripheral domain.
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Wen-chi, Shen. "Sakizaya Syntax: With Special Reference to Negative, Interrogative, and Causative Constructions." 2008. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1907200801500500.
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Wen-chi, Shen, and 沈文琦. "Sakizaya Syntax: With Special Reference to Negative, Interrogative, and Causative Constructions." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89156677007560533646.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
語言學研究所
96
This thesis attempts to explore a more detailed grammatical description of Sakizaya and discusses three syntactic constructions, which are negative, interrogative and causative constructions. The Sakizaya used to be thought of as part of the Amis, and their language was claimed to have retained older characteristics of Amis (Tsuchida 1988). And it is probably for this reason that most studies concentrate on Central Amis owing to its relatively large population whereas only a few studies focus on Sakizaya. Accordingly, the aims of the thesis are three-fold. First of all, the thesis aims at providing a detailed grammatical sketch of Sakizaya; secondly, we would like to examine three syntactic constructions, which is found more different from Central Amis; thirdly, compared to Wu’s (2006b) studies on Central Amis, morphosyntactic behaviors between Central Amis and Sakizaya will be undertaken as well. The thesis is organized into six chapters. Chapter 1 provides a general geographical, historical and linguistic background of Sakizaya. And previous studies on Central Amis and Sakizaya will be reviewed in this chapter. Chapter 2 investigates morphology, case markers, pronominal systems and voice markers in Sakizaya, which are found distinct from those in Central Amis. To being with, plurality of case markers does not exist in Sakizaya while it does exist in Amis. Second, 3rd personal singular pronoun ciniza ‘he/she’ and plural keheni ‘they’ are different from their corresponding pronouns in Central Amis. Third, Sakizaya takes an AV prefix mu- in place of the infix -um- attaches to less transitive action verbs. Moreover, mu- in Sakizaya can be attached to a variety of verbs whereas -um- in Central Amis is more limited. Chapter 3 focuses on negative constructions. Negators in Sakizaya are different from those in Central Amis except ca’ay that is the most commonly used in the declarative sentences. Thus, this chapter will explore all of the negators in terms of their syntactic positions and semantic functions. Afterwards, syntactic behaviors will be examined by following Sung and Yeh’s (2005) study as well. Chapter 4 probes three types of interrogative constructions, yes-no questions, alternative questions and wh- words questions. It is suggested that the former two perform in two strategies: intonation change and interrogative particles haw, saw, hani and hakia whose various semantic functions of particles will be introduced in this chapter. In addition, interrogative words will be discussed in terms of their syntactic properties and semantic interpretations. Chapter 5 discusses causative constructions in terms of their morphological and syntactic properties, case relations and voice marking systems. Morphologically, prefixation of the causative pa- results in changes of semantic meanings and syntactic properties. Syntactically, causatives are usually found to occur in UV constructions with the causer marked by the genitive case except that causative predicates affixed by the factual marker -ay are likely to occur in AV constructions. At last, causative readings will be compared with reciprocal readings in terms of valency change and case relations. To summarize, the thesis is expected to provide a comprehensive grammatical description in order to facilitate further research studies on Amis dialects and typological studies on Formosan languages and so on.
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Al-Daher, Zeyad. "Pseudo wh-fronting: a diagnosis of wh-constructions in Jordanian Arabic." 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31940.
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This thesis provides an in-depth analysis of wh-question formation in Jordanian Arabic (JA) and presents a uniform approach that can accommodate all of its various wh-constructions. JA makes use of five different wh-constructions, four of which involve clause-initial wh-phrases and the fifth is a typical in-situ wh-construction. Although wh-phrases surface clause-initially in four different wh-constructions in JA, I propose that bona fide wh-movement to [Spec, CP] does not occur in any of these constructions, whether overtly in syntax or covertly at LF. I abandon the classification of JA as a wh-movement language (Abdel Razaq 2011) and focus instead on identifying the syntactic role that wh-phrases realize and the underlying structures that feed each wh-construction. I propose that the clause-initial position of the wh-phrase results either from the syntactic function that the wh-phrase serves or from other syntactic operations that are independently attested in JA. There are three clause-initial positions that the wh-phrase can occupy: it surfaces in [Spec, TP] when functioning as the subject of a verbal or verbless structure, in [Spec, TopP] when functioning as a clitic-left-dislocated element (as in CLLD questions and ʔilli-interrogatives involving PRON), or in [Spec, FocP] when undergoing focus fronting. Thus, all instances of clause-initial wh-phrases in JA constitute what I refer to as “pseudo wh-fronting”, as the clause-initial position of the wh-phrase arises from mechanisms other than canonical wh-movement to [Spec, CP]. To account for the interpretation of wh-phrases in JA, I adopt a binding approach in which a null interrogative morpheme (Baker 1970; Pesetsky 1987; Chomsky 1995) unselectively binds the wh-phrase regardless of its surface position, whether clause-initial or clause-internal (in-situ). A major implication of this analysis is that JA is a concealed wh-in-situ language of the Chinese type although it looks at a cursory glance as though it were a wh-movement language of the English type. A broader typological implication of my analysis is the convergence of Cheng’s (1991) Clausal Typing Hypothesis to which JA previously appeared to constitute a counterexample. The recognition of the null interrogative particle, or its optional overt realization as the Q-particle huwweh, as the locus of interrogative clause typing in all JA wh-questions entails that JA employs just one unique strategy to type a clause as a wh-question, as predicted by Cheng’s Clausal Typing Hypothesis, regardless of whether the wh-phrase surfaces clause-initially or clause-internally.February 2017
30
Letsoalo, Napjadi Eugene. "Interrogative construction in Sepedi." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3181.
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Huang, Wei-Lin, and 黃瑋琳. "The Instruction and the Development of Interrogative Construction in EFL Child Learners in Taiwan." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00448625578692767050.
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Horne, Felicity June. "Discourse, disease and displacement : interrogating selected South African textual constructions of AIDS." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3898.
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This thesis explores the theme of displacement in AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency
Syndrome)-related discourse in post-apartheid South Africa in the period 1994−2010. It contends that the subject of AIDS and the AIDS-ill is seldom confronted directly in the discourse, but displaced in various ways. Using the theory of social constructionism and the
discourse theory of the French poststructuralists, particularly Michel Foucault, selected
texts, both literary and non-literary, are subjected to discourse analysis, in which the
interrelationships between linguistic and visual representations of AIDS, practice,
knowledge and power relations are examined. Recognising that all representations are to some extent displaced constructions, the
thesis investigates additional reasons for the particular kinds of displacement of AIDS seen
in AIDS discourse. These include stigma, fear, defensiveness and the enduring power of preexisting
discourses onto which AIDS is grafted. In narratives by and about the AIDS-ill, personal stories are displaced when mythical structures are used to give meaning to what could otherwise be viewed as futile, random suffering. As a result of the different displacement devices employed in AIDS discourse, new meanings of AIDS are constructed,
related to the social, political and cultural context out of which they have arisen. The thesis comprises five chapters, each of which explores a different form of displacement. In Chapter 1, 'Displacing AIDS through Language', the focus is on language as a form and means of displacement; Chapter 2 'Politicising AIDS' explores the way that AIDS discourse is projected onto the larger, well-established discourse of politics, and specifically on the discourse of 'the struggle' against apartheid; while Chapter 3, 'Satirising AIDS', considers the way that satirists displace AIDS through irony, exposing the contradictions and absurdities inherent in the discourse. Chapter 4, 'Gendering AIDS', shows the extent to which AIDS-relared discourse is articulated to gender-related issues such as unequal power relations between men and women and stereotypical views of women's identities and 'proper' roles. The final chapter, Chapter 5, 'Narrating AIDS', deals with the discourse of personal illness narratives, showing how individuals displace the experience of illness through narrative, often using the structures of myth to give meaning to their experience.English Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (English Studies)
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Mate, Antony Mukasa. "Interrogating masculinities in selected Kenyan popular fiction." Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23255.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the presentation of masculinity in selected popular
works. The novels under discussion include: Henry ole Kulet’s To Become a Man (1972), Yusuf
Dawood’s One Life Too Many (1991), Peter Kimani’s Before the Rooster Crows (2002) and
David Maillu’s Man from Machakos (2010). The writers are representative of a diversity of
Kenyan ethnicities: Dawood (Asian-African), while the rest comprise Kenyan men of black
descent though different ethnicities. The study attempts to interrogate the various strands of
masculinity in Kenyan society as presented in the selected works. The study also seeks to
investigate how different men negotiate/manifest their masculinity in different settings. It also
interrogates factors and trends that shape and influence masculine behaviour in the selected texts.
The study also explores the ramifications of various manifestations of masculinity on the family.
The study adopts masculinities theory as the theoretical framework. The theory is applied in the
interpretation of issues that relate to this study.Afrikaans and Theory of Literature
D. Litt et Phil. (Theory of literature)
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Blanckenberg, Leigh Deborah. "On collecting southern African art: interrogating private collecting practices and the construction of 'traditional' southern African art as 'national' and 'cultural heritage'." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11754.
Full textAbstract:
M.A. University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities (Art History), 2012This dissertation critically engages Karel Nel’s personal/private collection of southern African art in relation to other collections to which he is connected. An examination of Nel’s collecting practices is conducted, after an extensive comparison with the public collections held by both the Wits Art Museum and the Johannesburg Art Gallery. I then investigate the degree of influence between his private collecting praxes and the collecting praxes of the selected public institutions. It is argued that this helps to establish the degree to which private collecting influences the creation of what is understood as ‘national’ and ‘cultural heritage’ in public collections of southern African art.
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Alexandre, Nélia. "Wh-constructions in cape verdean creole : extensions of the copy theory of movement." Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/574.
Full text
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Malimba, Noxolo Anele. "Writing black sisters : interrogating the construction by selected black female playwrights of performed black female identities in contemporary post-apartheid South African theatre." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7779.
Full textAbstract:
Theatre is a political space which often reflects the social, political and personal conditions and consciousness of our society. It is also a place that allows for the speaking of private stories; a space that proffers the construction, re-construction, articulation and re-articulation of identities. Coloured, Indian and Bantu (1) identities were all defined ‘black’ within the simplistic categorisation of the complex, problematic apartheid (2) system that perceived individuals as either ‘black' (3) or ‘white’. As much as the apartheid system is one wherein the notion of ‘black’ shifted, it remained a system in which ‘black’ was often constructed as a homogeneous category of identity. In its zenith during the late 1940s, apartheid’s ‘blacks’ referred to the Bantu populace. Coloured and Indian identities were therein recognised as not ‘white’, and so were inadvertently considered ‘black’; perhaps just not ‘black enough’. Coloured and Indian identities were therefore located as vague and marginalised identities in a system that while on the one hand did not impose the same fierce oppression as inflicted on the Bantu, was also one which on the other hand excluded these groups from enjoying the benefits of being privileged whites. Then came the 1980s which saw a shift in the make-up of black/ness where apartheid ideology was concerned. With the birth of the invidious tricameral system which came to govern South African society until the emergence of a democratic nation in 1994, ‘black’ was now broken down and defined into its constituent parts: Bantu, Coloured and Indian. Although this system seemingly regarded each of these race groups, in that each was now named and thus acknowledged as opposed to simply being defined as the homogeneous category of ‘black’, it was nonetheless a system that separated and consequently gave rise to unequal power relations not only between ‘black’ and ‘white’, but now also within these three distinct black/nesses existing within ‘black’. Navigating the most historically marginalised of identities – the black female – this dissertation examines the construction of black South African female identities in the respective post-1994-produced play texts by six black South African female playwrights: Motshabi Tyelele’s Shwele Bawo (In Homann, 2009), Bongi Ndaba’s unpublished play text Shaken (see appendix A), Lueen Conning-Ndlovu’s A Coloured Place (In Perkins, 1999), Rehane Abrahams’ What the water gave me (In Fourie, 2006), Krijay Govender’s Women in Brown (In Chetty, 2002) and Muthal Naidoo’s Flight from the Mahabarath (In Perkins, 1999). This dissertation will in part engage character analyses of Bantu, Coloured and Indian female identities as articulated across the six play texts. Each category of black/ness will be explored in its own chapter, where the characters relevant to that particular black/ness shall be examined. This separation of chapters into these categories is by way of highlighting that endless differences in black/ness exist within the label ‘black’. While this particular separation of chapters is a perpetuation of apartheid discourse, as was the reality within South Africa’s history, and particularly from the emergence of the tricameral system onwards, the final chapter of this dissertation will be an attempt to dissolve these racial categories of black/ness as implemented by and within the legislation of the apartheid legacy. In a post-apartheid South Africa, it is not only Bantu women who are ‘black’, as Coloured and Indian women now claim ‘black’. This dissertation highlights the need to look at difference within similarity and multiplicity in the myriad black South African female identities that comprise the landscape of our contemporary, current and critical post-1994 theatre context, rather than to speak of a ‘typical’ black South African female identity. (1) This term will be italicised throughout this dissertation, by way of acknowledging its dual meaning. Within South Africa‟s historical context, „Bantu‟ was used as a derogatory term. The land set apart for black Africans during apartheid, known as Bantustans, affirms the disparaging nature of this term. Similarly, the belittling connotations of the term are noted in the system of Bantu education; a system specifically designed to fit the black African populace for their marginal role within apartheid society. For the purposes of this dissertation, the term „Bantu‟ will be used firstly, as a way to distinguish between the three categories of black/ness under exploration, where the term will be used to refer to black African South African identity, and secondly and most importantly, the term will be used as a reclaiming of black African South African identity from its historical derisive connotations. It is also important to note here, that within the isiZulu language, the term simply means „people‟. (2) During apartheid, there was a simplification of the term „black‟. This dissertation recognises that the apartheid stratifications of Bantu, Coloured and Indian, under the „logic‟ of grouping „like‟ together (that is, apartheid‟s „black‟ group), was in itself a false logic, because it did not acknowledge that there exists within each specific racial stratification, different cultural groupings and languages. For example, this dissertation could have expanded the discussion on Bantu identity by examining Zulu, Xhosa, Sotho etc identities, the discussion on Coloured identities could have included analyses of Javanese, Malay, Cape etc identities and the discussion on Indian identity could have explored different cultural groupings within Hindu, Muslim, Tamil etc. It is understood that in a post-apartheid context, there exists endless differences and multiplicities within the black identities of Bantu, Coloured and Indian. This dissertation therefore offers a terrain in which these myriad black/nesses are explored as fluid and contested. (3) Throughout this dissertation, the racial categorisations of „black‟ and „white‟ are in lower case „B‟ and „W‟ respectively, for the political demotion of these terms in a post-apartheid context. This is by way of politically challenging the essentialist thinking that underpinned the racial segregation and inequality primarily embodied by these terms during apartheid. The terms „Bantu‟, „Coloured‟ and „Indian‟ shall be in capital „B‟, „C‟ and „I‟ respectively. This is for the purpose of drawing attention to the categories of black/ness in a post-1994 context, whereby each is acknowledged and visible individually, as opposed to being articulated as part of the false logic of a homogeneous black/ness.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.