Academic literature on the topic 'Interrogative constructions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interrogative constructions"
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Kparou, Hanoukoume Cyril. "Étude comparée des interrogateurs en lama et en français." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 26 (September 30, 2018): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n26p332.
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Interrogation is a Language Universal (LU), i.e., it exists in all natural languages. However, every language has undeniable particularities. Lama3 and French4, two languages from different language families, are a good illustration of these realities. A comparative study of interrogatives of both languages shows many similarities as well as dissimilarities. This article is aimed at presenting a comparative typology of interrogative markers and constructions in Lama and French. It consists of a morphosyntactic analysis of the interrogative markers and their different functions implied in the construction of interrogative sentences. French uses an interrogative copula est-ce que and the verbal inversion to form total interrogation, while Lama makes use of postpositional morphemes to formulate fundamental interrogation. Both languages form partial interrogation with adverbial and relative markers, but Lama goes further with the use of noun class interrogative markers. This study contributes to establish language universals and particularities in both languages at formal and functional levels.
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Gapur, Abdul, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "STUDI KONTRASTIF KONSTRUKSI INTEROGATIF POLAR BAHASA JEPANG DAN BAHASA INDONESIA." GENTA BAHTERA: Jurnal Ilmiah Kebahasaan dan Kesastraan 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47269/gb.v4i1.43.
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This research discusses about interrogative construction of polar in Japanese and Indonesian language. The purpose of this research describes the forms, similarities and differences, and the correspondence of interogative constructions in Indonesian and Japanese. Sources of data are related literature on interrogative constructions and Indonesian and Japanese grammar books. Data collection using techniques of refering and noting.Contrastive analysis is used to analyze data. The he study found that the interrogative contrastive polar in Japanese and Indonesian languages were formed from use of 1) intonation, 2) interrogative particles, and 3) interrogative tags. The interrogative constructions of Japanese and Indonesian polar interrelations are inherent in the intonation aspect as the main thing in the construction of polar interrogation, the use of interrogative particles and the use of nterogative tags in both languages. The difference between polar interrogative constructions lies in the use of more productive ”apa”, “apakah” and “bagaimana” words in Indonesian and more productive interrogative particles in Japanese polar interrogative. In the correspondence of translations most of the interrogative particles of Japanese are equated with the question 'apakah' in the polar interrogative constructions of Indonesian. AbstrakPenelitian ini membahas tentang konstruksi interogatif polar dalam bahasa Jepang dan bahasa Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk, persamaan dan perbedaan, dan kesepadanan konstruksi interogatif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang. Sumber data adalah literatur yang berkaitan tentang konstruksi interogatif dan buku tatabahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang. Pengumpulan data dengan teknik catat. Analisis data menggunakan analisis kontrastif dengan pendekatan strukturalis. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa kontrastif interogatif polar bahasa Jepang dan bahasa Indonesia terbentuk dari 1) penggunaan intonasi, 2) partikel interogatif, dan 3) tag interogatif. Persamaan bentuk konstruksi interogatif polar bahasa Jepang dan Indonesia terdapat pada aspek intonasi sebagai hal utama dalam pembentukan konstruksi interogatif polar, penggunaan partikel interogatif dan penggunaan tag Interogatif dalam kedua bahasa. Perbedaan konstruksi interogatif polar terletak pada penggunaan kata tanya ”apa”, “apakah” dan “bagaimana” yang lebih produktif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan partikel interogatif ka yang lebih produktif sebagai penanda interogatif polar dalam bahasa Jepang. Dalam kesepadanan penerjemahan umumnya partikel interogatif ka bahasa Jepang disepadankan dengan kata tanya ”apakah” dalam konstruksi interogatif polar bahasa Indonesia.
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Repnina, Tatiana V. "One-predicate interrogative conditional constructions in Catalan (in comparison with Spanish and French)." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 16, no. 3 (2018): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2018-16-3-102-115.
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The article deals with mononuclear interrogative conditional constructions in Catalan (in comparison with Spanish and French), a topic addressed for the first time in a separate study. The tense and voice uses in these constructions, their transformations into two-predicate constructions, and their meanings are examined in detail. Conclusions about the differences in tense use are made, constructions with positive and negative meanings are analyzed. The following conclusions are made: 1. One-predicate conditional constructions are characteristic of interrogative, but not of declarative utterances. 2. One-predicate conditional constructions can be split into those that elide the main clause and those that do not. Elliptical constructions imply the meaning of consequence, while non-elliptical constructions do not. 3. One-predicate interrogative conditional constructions normally begin with a special marker, a conjunction combination – i si in Catalan, y si in Spanish, and et si in French. 4. Interrogative conditional constructions with main clause ellipsis can express both real and unreal condition in the present, past or future by means of tenses and moods. The use of tenses and moods in constructions with main clause ellipsis in the three targeted languages mostly coincide. The differences can be summed up as follows. In Catalan and Spanish, the imperfect of the conjunctive generally corresponds to the imperfect of the indicative in French. In Catalan and Spanish, the pluperfect of the conjunctive is opposed to the pluperfect of the indicative in French. The same difference is also true of non-interrogative conditional constructions. 5. In Catalan and Spanish, non-elliptical interrogative conditional constructions use imperfect subjunctives as opposed to French where imperfect indicatives occur instead. 6. Elliptical one-predicate interrogative conditional constructions address events whose realization or consequences are not obvious to the speaker, or low-probability events. Such constructions mostly express negative meaning. Non-elliptical one-predicate interrogative conditional constructions express request, suggestion, or advice.
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Lin, Hao. "Interrogative marking in Chinese Sign Language." Sign Language and Linguistics 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.19001.lin.
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Abstract Little research has been conducted on interrogative constructions in Chinese Sign Language (CSL) based on naturalistic data. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of CSL interrogative constructions. Based on findings from naturalistic data, both manual and non-manual components of these constructions are described and analyzed, revealing a complex system. Firstly, manual markers in content questions consist of two basic wh-signs, what and how-many, which form two series of wh-compounds for more specific information retrieval. As for the manual marking of CSL polar questions, three types of particles are attested, namely yes, a-not-a, and some negators. Non-manual markers work as interrogative markers in two ways: morphologically and prosodically. The former way is realized by mouthings, which can be equaled to suprasegmental markers like tones in spoken language. Prosodic non-manual marking is mainly realized by brow movement while head tilt, eye gaze, etc. are excluded as optional. Considering the spread of brow movement, we find that polar questions without particles are predominantly marked by brow raise spreading over the entire sentence, while in interrogatives with manual markers, brow movement seems to be optional, since its frequency is lower and its spreading behavior less regular. CSL is proposed to be a particle-rich sign language, and some speculations are offered on what may cause this behavior.
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Lin, Dong-Yi. "Interrogative serial verb constructions in Kavalan." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 37, no. 1 (June 25, 2011): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v37i1.3197.
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Mosegaard Hansen, Maj-Britt. "Syntax in interaction." Studies in Language 25, no. 3 (December 31, 2001): 463–520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.25.3.04mos.
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This paper investigates the correlation between the form and function of yes/no interrogatives in spoken French. The standard language possesses three ways of constructing such interrogatives: verb-clitic inversion; prefixation of a declarative sentence with the interrogative particle est-ce que; and a rising intonation pattern superposed on a declarative structure. The choice between the three has traditionally been described in terms of register differences. This paper argues, however, that the three constructions differ not only on the pragmatic level, but also on the semantic level, and that the choice between them can be explained, and largely predicted, in terms of three interactional parameters, namely the accessibility of the information contained in the interrogative; participation structure; and considerations of ‘face’.
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Zeshan, Ulrike. "Interrogative Constructions in Signed Languages: Crosslinguistic Perspectives." Language 80, no. 1 (2004): 7–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2004.0050.
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Kuhn, Ninoslava Šarac, and Ronnie B. Wilbur. "Interrogative structures in Croatian Sign Language." Investigating Understudied Sign Languages - Croatian SL and Austrian SL, with comparison to American SL 9, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2006): 151–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.9.1.09kuh.
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In this study, we investigate the interrogative structures in Croatian Sign Language (HZJ) with respect to the word order, manual question words, and nonmanual markers and their scope. Both polar and content questions mainly use specific nonmanual markers to indicate interrogative function. Polar questions use chin down and content questions use chin up as their prominent nonmanual markers. In addition to these markers, brows up occurs in both constructions leading to the suggestion that brows up may be a general question marker in HZJ. Brows down can also occur, particularly in content questions. Other nonmanual markers that appear in polar questions are head forward, and eyes wide open and those in content questions are head forward, headshake, shoulders up, and eyes closed. Both interrogative constructions use manual question words. Polar questions can use an optional manual sign je-li that was probably introduced to HZJ through Signed Croatian. je-li is not connected to the peak intensity of the nonmanual markers and we consider it to be an adjunct to the question structure. Content words are used in most HZJ content interrogatives. Question words can be represented by specific signs or can be formed by the content sign ‘5’ (i.e. handshape 5 or b-th moving side-to-side). This ‘5’ sign is further specified by mouthing the particular question word from spoken Croatian. Content words can appear in sentence initial, sentence final or both positions. In content questions, question words bear the highest peak of nonmanual intensity, thus we consider them to be operating as operators. Recent research shows that HZJ shares some features with Austrian Sign Language (ÖGS) because in the 19th century, Croatian deaf students attended Vienna’s Institute for the Deaf (Schalber this volume; Šarac 2003; Šarac et al in press). Upon finishing their education, they would return back to Croatia. Similarities between HZJ and ÖGS are found in their interrogative nonmanual markings but not in their syntactic structures. This can be seen by the fact that these two sign languages do not have the same canonical word order.
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Shabat-Savka, Svitlana. "Interrogative statement and discourse-stylistic continuum of the Ukrainian language." Ukrainska mova, no. 1 (2021): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2021.01.061.
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Interrogative statements are used to perform the intention of the query in various discourse-stylistic forms of the Ukrainian language. This article aims to analyze interrogative statements from the stand-point of their functioning as syntactic constructions. Drawing on a wide range of literary sources, the author states that, fulfilling the epistemological need to fill information gaps in speaker’s knowledge, the interrogative statement is the most relevant linguistic sign used to express the speaker’s motivation and needs. The interrogative statement is, however, a clear example of communicative-pragmatic functions which include figurativeness, expression of will, emotionality, evaluation, and tolerance, verbalized in a speech in accordance with the speaker’s intentions. A suggested in terpretation of the linguistic nature of interrogative constructions attests to their ambivalence and semantic syncretism along with the performance of primary and secondary functions. The discourse-stylistic continuum of the Ukrainian language, i.e., vernacular, literary, journalistic, religious, and epistolary, represents a rather extensive functional potential of inter-rogative constructions. In spoken discourse, interrogative expressions, e.g., address-oriented syntactic units, verbalize the specifying and clarifying intentions of the query, thus highlighting their primary function in the dialogic discourse. In other registers, these are secondary func-tions related to the following aspects: 1) figurativeness and aesthetics of speech which em phasizes the linguo-creative nature of a speaker, i.e., fiction; 2) the display of certain information which has a purposeful influence on the addressee of the speech and encourages specific actions, i.e., journalistic discourse; 3) the creation of aphoristic and rhetorical dialogue, establishing spiritual values and a human worldview, i.e., religious discourse; 4) the creation of epistolary dialogue as a marker of the interrogative searching process focused on essential phenomena related to pub-lic and private life and aimed at the formation of textual communication conceived in time and space. This article introduces the concept of interrogative discourse as a dynamic continuum of human communication, a special mode of cognition and reflection of reality, one of the latest fragments of linguistic knowledge. Keywords: interrogative statement, discourse-stylistic continuum, the intention of inquiry, address-ability, dialogicality / quasi-dialogicality, interrogative discourse.
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Zubkova, Mariya, and Elena Kopylova. "The Structure of Interrogative Sentences with a Nominal Subject in the French Language in a Diachronic Aspect." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2287-1505-v102.
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The article is focused on the study of interrogative sentences with a nominal subject in the French language in terms of structural criteria in a diachronic aspect. The purpose of this study is to reveal the features of the so-called complex inversion in interrogative sentences. Special attention is paid to terminological problems. Pronominal reprise is recognized by the authors as the most correct term for an interrogative construction with a nominal subject duplicated by a personal pronoun. The lack of uniformity in terminology indicates a multidimensional nature of the inversion phenomenon in the French language. For instance, in addition to interrogative sentences, it can be used in other contexts: in simple declarative sentences after certain adverbs, in subordinate clauses after some conjunctions, in exclamatory sentences, etc. The authors highlight and describe the characteristic features of interrogative sentences with a nominal subject in terms of diachrony. Pronominal reprise appears in interrogative constructions as early as in the 16th century, mainly in general questions, subsequently extending to special questions. In the 16th – 17th centuries, the subject did not regularly precede the verb; the same applied to interrogative words, which could be placed both to the left and to the right of the subject. In sentences with a nominal subject, reprise was not the only possible structural option. The following were also used: direct word order, construction question word + est-ce que, and simple inversion. The authors come to the conclusion that pronominal reprise had finally replaced simple inversion of the nominal subject in general questions in French by the end of the 17th century.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interrogative constructions"
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Raghibdoust, Shahla. "Interrogative constructions in Persian." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6547.
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This thesis treats the various constructions of interrogativity in colloquial modern Persian, within the Government and Binding framework. Chapter 2 presents the basic properties and the various methods of forming yes-no questions. I argue that changes in word-order may not be considered as a strategy to indicate an interrogativity, and that consequently, the movement of the verb from its position in I to C in Persian, unlike languages such as English, is disallowed. I also propose the possibility of assigning a mood phrase (MP) position to the yes-no particles. Chapter 3 gives a detailed survey of the movement processes of Wh-words which, prima facie, appear to be a syntactic movement. However, exploring the more complicated data, we subsequently arrive at the conclusion that this movement, by and large, patterns with an optional topicalization process, and has nothing to do with the syntactic movement to SPEC CP. I propose that the availability of question particles in a number of languages, including Persian, correlates with the lack of syntactic Wh-movement. Persian extraction patterns are argued to resemble those of Nordic languages in which no structural constraint is imposed. Subjacency, therefore, is unable to explain the extraction phenomenon in this language. To give a reasonable account of the extraction rules in Persian Dominance, in turn, is proposed as a convincing condition. Chapter 4 concentrates on the fact that multiple Wh-fronting in Persian is radically different from extensively-studied languages, such as Bulgarian and Romanian, even though these languages manifest resemblance with respect to a number of properties. Furthermore, it is shown that in multiple Wh-fronting languages, the Wh-phrases are morphologically complex, and need to satisfy a licensing requirement independent of clausal typing. This morphological characteristic is absent, however, in Persian. Analysis of the preceding factors leads me to propose that multiple Wh-fronting in Persian also results from adjunction of Wh-phrases to IP, in other words, topicalization.
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Morita, Hisashi. "English and Japanese questions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249864.
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Umeda, Mari. "Second language acquisition of Japanese wh-constructions." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112128.
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Note:This dissertation investigates the second language (L2) acquisition of Japanese wh-constructions by Chinese- and English-speaking learners. The focus of this study is twofold; first, it examines whether parameter resetting is possible in L2 acquisition, as both Chinese and English wh-constructions are parametrically different from Japanese wh-constructions. Second, it examines whether parameter resetting is affected by the learners' first language (Ll). Not only do Chinese and English wh-constructions differ from Japanese wh-constructions, but they also differ from each other. Chinese is, like Japanese, a wh-in-situ language, while English is a wh-movement language. Chinese wh-constructions, therefore, can be said to be more similar to Japanese wh-constructions than English wh-constructions. It is investigated whether the similarity between Chinese and Japanese and dissimilarity between English and Japanese affect the course and/or the ultimate attainment in the acquisition ofwh-constructions in Japanese.[...]
Cette dissertation enquete sur l’acquisition des constructions wh du japonais appris comme langue seconde (L2) par les anglophones et les sinophones. Le point de mire de cette etude est double. Dans un premier temps, elle cherche a savoir si le changement parametrique est possible en acquisition L2, puisque les constructions wh de l’anglais et du chinois sont parametriquement opposees a celles du japonais. Deuxiemement, elle cherche a savoir si le changement parametrique est affecte par 1a langue matemelle de l’apprenant. Non seulement les constructions wh de l’anglais et du chinois sont differentes de celles du japonais, elles different egalement l’une de l’autre. Le chinois, comme le japonais, est une langue wh-in-situ, alors que l’anglais est une langue a movement wh. Les constructions wh du chinois peuvent done etre decrites comme etant plus semblables a celles du japonais qu’a celles de l’anglais. Ce travail cherche a sa voir si la similarite entre le chino is et le japonais et la dissimilarite entre l’anglais et le japonais ont un effet sur le processus et/ou le resultat final de 1’acquisition de ces constructions en japonais.[...]
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Marção, Natália Duarte. "As construções interrogativas QU- no Constructicon da FrameNet Brasil." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/7881.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
O trabalho aqui apresentado insere-se no projeto Multilingual Knowledge Base ou simplesmente m.knob (www.mknob.com), o qual tem por objetivo criar um aplicativo web e vem sendo desenvolvido no Laboratório FrameNet Brasil de Linguística Computacional – FN-Br – (SALOMÃO, 2009). De forma mais geral, a FN-Br vem explorando a implementação das teorias da Semântica de Frames e da Gramática de Construções através da criação de recursos linguísticos computacionais, como o Lexicon e o Constructicon do Português Brasileiro (PB) – um repertório de construções disponível online. Dessa maneira, esta dissertação busca embasamento em pressupostos teóricos relacionados à Linguística Cognitiva, tais como a Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982) e a Gramática das Construções de Berkeley (KAY & FILLMORE, 1999) e segue a metodologia de análise da Berkeley FrameNet (FILLMORE ET AL. 2003). Nesse contexto, o objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar a descrição e a modelagem linguístico-computacional (cf. DIAS-DA-SILVA, 1996) das construções Interrogativas QU- em PB na base construcional da FrameNet Brasil, a qual sustenta o aplicativo web m.knob. A pesquisa se justifica pelo fato de o chatbot – uma interface de recomendação de atrações turísticas baseada em compreensão de língua natural – empregado no aplicativo não suportar que o usuário interaja através de sentenças interrogativas. Nesse sentido, a descrição e modelagem das construções QU- se faz necessária de modo a contribuir para que o usuário, durante a interação com o aplicativo, busque informações adicionais acerca das atrações recomendadas através de perguntas. Para fomentar essa funcionalidade nova, esta dissertação traz uma proposta de modelagem de onze construções QU- em PB. Ao final, aplica-se um teste de prova de conceito para avaliação do modelo proposto.
This work is part of the Multilingual Knowledge Base project or simply m.knob (www.mknob.com). It aims to create a web application and has been developed at the FrameNet Brasil Laboratory of Computational Linguistics - FN-Br - (SALOMÃO, 2009). More generally, FN-Br has been exploring the implementation of Framing Semantics and Construction Grammar theories through the creation of computational linguistic resources, such as the Lexicon and Constructicon of the Brazilian Portuguese (PB) - a repertoire of constructions available online. In this way, this Master’s thesis is based on the theoretical assumptions of Cognitive Linguistics, such as Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982) and the Berkeley Constructions Grammar (KAY & FILLMORE, 1999). Our analytical methodology is the one by Berkeley FrameNet (FILLMORE et al., 2003). In this context, this thesis aims to present the description and the linguistic-computational modeling (cf. DIAS-DA-SILVA, 1996) of the Interrogative Wh-constructions of the Brazilian Portuguese in the constructional base of FrameNet Brasil, which supports the web application m.knob. The research is justified by the fact that the chatbot - a tourist attraction recommendation interface based on natural-language understanding - employed in the application does not support the user interacting through interrogative sentences. In that sense, the description and modeling of Wh-constructions are necessary in order to help the user, during interaction with the application, look for additional information about the recommended attractions through questions. To foster this new function, this thesis presents a proposal for modeling eleven Wh-Constructions in Brazilian Portuguese. At the end, a proof of concept test is applied to evaluate the proposed model.
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Ayaou, Jamila. "Constructions complétives et interrogatives indirectes en arabe standard et maghrébin." Nancy 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN21003.
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Depuis longtemps, les grammairiens arabes se sont intéressés à l'étude de la phrase et surtout au phénomène de la "liaison" dans les phrases complexes. La liaison est représentée, en général, par des morphèmes qui assurent une relation entre la matrice et l'enchâssée. La complétive use de cet emploi. Elle est soit introduite par une particule dite du cas direct soit introduite par un interrogatif quant il s'agit d'une interrogative indirecte. L’observation de ce type de phrases a montré qu'elles peuvent être sujettes à plusieurs transformations de déplacements. Ces déplacements sont plus fréquents en arabe standard qu'en arabe maghrébin. Ces transformations déplacent un seul élément ou toute la subordonnée. Ces mouvements laissent une trace qui hérite le cas du constituant déplacé. Ces règles de mouvements organisent la phrase de telle manière que les règles d'assignation des fonctions arrangent les constituants, c'est-à-dire se chargent de l'ordre des termes et déclenchent le processus d'assignation des casFor a long time, the Arabic grammarians were interested to the study of the clauses and particularly to the phenomenon of the complex clauses. The complex clauses are presented by particles which make a relation between the matrix and the insert. The movements in the completive are more frequent in standard Arabic than Maghreb Arabic. These movements are able to displace one element all the subordinate. The movement of np or who-question let a trace which inherits the case of the displaced constituent. The rules of the movement arrange the clause so that the rules of the assignation of the functions arrange the constituents and undertake the clause order
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Jones, Sarah. "Graphic intervention interrogating newspaper design as a site of social construction /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/55170.
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Thesis (MDes) - National School of Design, Swinburne University of Technology, 2009.A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Design by Research, [Swinburne University of Technology], 2009. Typescript. Bibliography: p. [89]-91.
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Biggs, Eric. "Triggering Blends: A Construction Grammar Account of Hortatory Force in Rhetorical Uses of 'What Are You Waiting For? '." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1559860888861911.
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Jacquemin, Bernard. "Construction et interrogation de la structure informationnelle d'une base documentaire en français." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00003957.
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Cette thèse présente une méthode originale pour identifier et structurer l'information de documents et pour l'interroger. Comme les méthodes linguistiques améliorent les résultats des systèmes actuels, cette approche se base sur des analyses linguistiques et des ressources lexicales. Une analyse grammaticale de haut niveau (morphologique, syntaxique et sémantique) identifie d'abord les éléments d'information et les lie entre eux. Puisque le contexte des requêtes est faible, les textes sont analysés. Puis le contenu des ressources confère aux informations de nombreuses actualisations grâce à des transformations contextuelles : synonymie simple et complexe, dérivations avec adaptation du contexte syntaxique, adjonction de traits sémantiques... Enfin, l'interrogation des textes est testée. Une analyse morpho-syntaxique de la question en identifie les éléments d'information et choisit le type de la réponse attendue. Le fragment de texte contenant ces données constitue la réponse à la question.
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Hazell, Rudy. "Interrogating the social construction of race and difference in Ontario public schools." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63218.pdf.
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Rudick, Charles Kyle. "RACE, SOCIALIZATION, AND CIVILITY: INTERROGATING THE COMMUNICATIVE CONSTRUCTION OF THE WHITE HABITUS." OpenSIUC, 2015. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1046.
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The purpose of this dissertation project was to understand how institutions of higher education, through both punishments and rewards, ensure that dominant cultural codes are "taught" to students of color in ways that normalize whiteness ideologies. I wanted to understand racism in higher education through the lens of socialization to show the ways in which institutional members (un)intentionally conflate dominant cultural codes with the "correct" or "normal" way to think, act, or speak. Furthermore, I was interested in the ways that students of color take up, defer, resist, adapt, mix, subvert, and/or accommodate the institutional practices that (re)produce racial power within contemporary U.S. higher education. To pursue these goals, I focused on topics of racism, socialization through the white habitus, and civility utilizing critical-qualitative methodologies. I interviewed fourteen participants of various racial backgrounds a total of twenty-eight times to understand how they identified and negotiated the institutional norms of higher education. Specially, I utilized in-depth interviewing methods with narrative analysis and counterstory techniques to generate themes and present stories concerning my topics. My analysis of participants' responses generated insights related to my areas of study. First, I showed how racism manifests in a myriad of ways, including stereotypes and stereotype threats, microaggressions of invisibility, and overt forms of physical/mental violence. These themes indicate that racism still presents a significant threat to the health, well-being, and success of students of color within higher education. Second, I utilized Co-Cultural Theory to analyze participants' descriptions of higher education as a space that is dominated by the white habitus. That is, participants described specific communicative codes that constituted the practices of an idealized White identity within higher education and the ways they assimilated, accommodated, and separated from that identity. Third, I drew upon the notion of civility to understand the ways that its practice can function to perpetuate or subvert racism within higher education. Participants described appeals to covering ground and common courtesy as ways that conversations about race and racism are elided by dominant members in higher education thereby perpetuating whiteness. Additionally, I found that participants utilized purposive silence, niceness, and absurdity as ways to subvert the hegemonic dimensions of civility. Overall, my analysis points to the relationships among cultural, institutional, and individual rules and performances of race and racism. I concluded my dissertation by describing the major findings of the project and offering ways to combat racism in higher education. I offered that this dissertation can further whiteness studies by focusing attention on the cultural norms and practices that constitute the socializing mechanisms of higher education (or other institutions). This type of analysis is important because it does not rely upon essentialized racial identities (e.g., linking whiteness to White bodies); instead, it focuses attention on the institutional rules and norms that constitute yet transcend racial categories. I also drew upon Black Feminist Thought and Critical Communication Pedagogy to map out a dialogic ethic that serves as a foundation for communicating through inclusive civility to provide a guide for coalitional politics for social-justice work. I ended with the hope that such an ethic may provide a necessary step in the work to elicit institutional change and cultural renewal.
Books on the topic "Interrogative constructions"
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Zeshan, Ulrike. Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Language. Nijmegen: Ishara Press, 2006.
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Leonarduzzi, Laetitia. La subordonneé interrogative en anglais contemporain. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l'Universita de Provence, 2004.
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Aspects of Bulgarian syntax: Complementizers and WH constructions. Columbus, Ohio: Slavica Publishers, 1986.
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Rudin, Catherine. Aspects of Bulgarian syntax: Complementizers and WH constructions. 2nd ed. Bloomington, Indiana: Slavica, 2013.
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The syntax and semantics of wh-constructions. New York: Garland Pub., 1985.
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1954-, Li Yen-hui Audrey, ed. Essays on the representational and derivational nature of grammar: The diversity of Wh-constructions. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2003.
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Hoffmann, Thomas. Abstract Phrasal and Clausal Constructions. Edited by Thomas Hoffmann and Graeme Trousdale. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195396683.013.0017.
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This chapter examines abstract phrasal and clausal constructions, the most complex and schematic end of the constructicon cline. It outlines how constructionist approaches can describe and model even the most abstract of syntactic structures. The chapter discusses the arrangement of declarative, interrogative, imperative, and relative clauses in default inheritance networks and points out differences between those Construction Grammar frameworks that take a usage-based approach and those which do not. It also analyzes English comparative correlative construction and provides empirical evidence for a specific intonational signature of this construction.
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Caponigro, Ivano, Harold Torrence, and Roberto Zavala Maldonado, eds. Headless Relative Clauses in Mesoamerican Languages. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518373.001.0001.
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This volume presents the collective work of a team of twenty-one scholars who have investigated headless relative clauses in fifteen languages from five language families—all Mesoamerican but one. Headless relative clauses have received little attention in the linguistic literature, despite the many morpho-syntactic and semantic puzzles they raise within and across languages and for our understanding of human language in general. Headless relative clauses have been even more neglected in the study of Mesoamerican languages. This volume constitutes the first in-depth, systematic study of headless relative clauses for any Mesoamerican languages we know of, and the broadest and most articulated crosslinguistic study of headless relative clauses that has been conducted so far. For most of the languages in this volume, there is no descriptive or documentary material on wh-constructions in general, let alone headless relative clauses. Many of the languages are threatened or endangered; all are understudied. All of the chapters constitute original contributions to typological and theoretical linguistics. The first chapter introduces and defines the varieties of headless relative clauses that are investigated in the other chapters, compares them to two related and better-known constructions, namely headed relative clauses and wh- interrogative clauses, summarizes the main findings in a comparative prospective, highlights the importance of studying headless relative clauses to understand human language, and provides a methodological framework for the other chapters and future work. All the other chapters are language-specific and follow a uniform format to facilitate comparisons and generalizations across languages.
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Luke, Timothy J., Maria Hartwig, Laure Brimbal, and Pär Anders Granhag. Building a Case. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190612016.003.0009.
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This chapter explores the role of scientifically-grounded interviewing approaches in criminal investigations and prosecution. It develops a “case construction” perspective, in which the effectiveness of interviewing techniques can be evaluated based on their usefulness for accurately distinguishing between innocent and guilty suspects and for providing evidence that is useful for prosecuting a guilty defendant. The chapter reviews the psychological literature of deception detection, interviewing, and interrogation, viewed through the lens of case construction. Special focus is given to the Strategic Use of Evidence technique, an empirically supported and theoretically based interviewing technique that has shown promise for is use in constructing a case.
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Hazell, Rudy. Interrogating the social construction of race and difference in Ontario public schools. 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Interrogative constructions"
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Gravely, Brian M., and Timothy M. Gupton. "Verbless DP interrogative constructions and enclisis in Galician." In Language Patterns in Spanish and Beyond, 97–121. London; New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in Hispanic and Lusophone linguistics: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091790-7.
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McDonough, Joyce. "The prosody of interrogative and focus constructions in Navajo." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 191–206. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.62.15mcd.
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Clark, Tony, Vinay Kulkarni, Souvik Barat, and Balbir Barn. "Constructing and Interrogating Actor Histories." In Exploring Intelligent Decision Support Systems, 27–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74002-7_2.
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Ordóñez, Francisco. "The inversion construction in interrogatives in Spanish and Catalan." In Theoretical Analyses on Romance Languages, 329. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.157.18ord.
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Bhatnagar, Avrati. "Interrogating 'Credible Chhattisgarh': Photography and the Construction of a New Indian State." In Photography in India, 135–48. London, UK; New York, NY, USA: Bloomsbury Visual Arts, 2018. |: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003103790-12.
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Jack, Christopher D., John Marsham, David P. Rowell, and Richard G. Jones. "Climate Information: Towards Transparent Distillation." In Climate Risk in Africa, 17–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61160-6_2.
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AbstractConstructing climate information to inform climate change risk-related decision-making is challenging and requires a rigorous interrogation and understanding of multiple lines of evidence and an assessment of the values, limits and uncertainties involved. Critically, there is no definitive approach agreed on by all climate scientists. Rather, a range of approaches and assumptions are used, with implications for robustness, reliability and uncertainty. Often these choices and assumptions are informed by the values and objectives of climate science rather than the decision context. We propose an approach, information distillation, that makes explicit and open for deliberation many of the implicit decisions and value judgements that occur throughout the process of constructing information. We argue that this approach must engage substantively with the decision context and open up choices and assumptions in a transparent manner to deliberation across climate scientists and context experts. This should ensure relevance and usability, and build understanding and trust to form an important basis for effective uptake of information. Two case studies are described demonstrating the effectiveness of these approaches and illustrating several important principles for transparent information distillation.
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"Interrogative constructions." In Language Typology and Language Universals, edited by Martin Haspelmath, Ekkehard König, Wulf Oesterreicher, and Wolfgang Raible. Berlin • New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110171549.2.10.1010.
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"12. Interrogative clauses." In The Theory of Functional Grammar. Part 2. Complex and Derived Constructions, edited by Kees Hengeveld. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110218374.257.
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Chaves, Rui P., and Michael T. Putnam. "Extraction types." In Unbounded Dependency Constructions, 18–48. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784999.003.0002.
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This chapter provides a descriptive introduction to unbounded dependency constructions, and to the range of filler-gap dependency patterns they allow. These are two very different topics. The former concerns the repertoire of syntactic constructions in which extraction takes place, and their grammatical idiosyncrasies, whereas the latter concerns the types of interaction between fillers and gaps. We survey of the various kinds of interrogative, declarative, and subordinate UDCs that exist in English. The resulting picture is one of astonishing richness and complexity. There are three major families of UDCs which sub-divide into smaller families, each with their peculiar syntactic, pragmatic and phonological similarities, as well as their idiosyncrasies. Such idiosyncratic meaning and structure must be stipulated somewhere in the grammar, regardless of which theory one adopts. The chapter next focuses on the nature of the linkage between fillers and gaps, and shows that these can interweave and create complex dependencies, beyond what is recognized in the literature.
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Poletto, Cecilia, and Jean-Yves Pollock. "Remnant movement and smuggling in some romance interrogative clauses." In Smuggling in Syntax, 255–317. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197509869.003.0010.
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This chapter analyzes the syntax of interrogative clauses in French and in some Northern Italian dialects (NIDs), including so-called “wh-in-situ” configurations. It shows that their intricate properties can be derived from standard computations (“wh-movement” and remnant movement of vP/IP to a Top/ground slot) to either the vP Left periphery (“LLP”) or the CP domain (“HLP”). If so, it becomes necessary to raise the question of why some languages make use of the LLP or the HLP, or indeed both, like French, as argued in sections 2–7. In significant cases the morphological properties of the various Wh-words and the surface forms of the sentences provide all the clues required by the language learner and the linguist. In French, movement of interrogative pronouns to the HLP is actually movement to a free relative layer. This is an automatic consequence of the fact that, as in Germanic, most French and Romance wh-items are morphologically both (free) relative and interrogative pronouns. This will explain the distribution of French Quoi (what)—only an interrogative pronoun—and similar items in a number of NIDs (Che in Bellunese and Illasi, Què in Borgomanerese and Monese). In the same vein, sections 9–11 show that the fact that French Que is both an interrogative and relative element, in addition to being a clitic qua interrogative, will account for its properties in conjunction with a “smuggling” analysis of Subject Clitic Inversion (SCLI). Sections 14–16 show that many NIDs make use of both the LLP and the HLP and that smuggling is involved in deriving the form and interpretation of interrogative clauses in Bellunese, Illasi, and Monese. In addition to renewed empirical arguments in favor of remnant movement and smuggling, sections 2–7 argue that embedded interrogative infinitives in (at least) French are vPs and only have a (sometimes truncated) LLP. In addition to the fruitfulness of the “smuggling” idea for Romance, the main theoretical result of this chapter is that the interrogative syntax of the languages and dialects studied here supports the idea that “relative constructions” or “interrogative constructions” are not primitives of the language faculty, since in significant cases the derivation of questions activates both the interrogative side of the LLP and the (free) relative side of the HLP.
Conference papers on the topic "Interrogative constructions"
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Nguyen, Mary-Anne, Graham Taylor, and Stephen A. Sarles. "A Microfluidic Assembly and Simultaneous Interrogation of Networks of Asymmetric Biomimetic Membranes." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3878.
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In this study, we utilize a novel microfluidic device to perform simultaneous electrical interrogation of an array of droplet interface bilayers (DIB) that feature asymmetric phospholipid leaflet compositions. While asymmetry is vital to many cellular functions, it is has received very little attention in membrane-based engineered material systems for sensing, energy conversion, or actuation. This gap is due to challenges in constructing and interrogating networks of asymmetric membranes, limiting our understanding of how lipid asymmetry affects membrane active peptides, and vice versa. Our system overcomes these difficulties by enabling asymmetric membrane formation between many pairs of lipid-coated droplets in oil. We demonstrate its use in probing the interactions between alamethicin, a membrane-active peptide that forms voltage-induced ion channels, and asymmetric DPhPC:DOPhPC membranes, a choice that creates an intrinsic intramembrane potential of |137 mV| due to differences in their respective dipole potentials. Our experiments show that adding alamethicin peptides to one side of the membrane causes this inherent membrane potential to decrease over time, and it alters the value of external voltage that must be applied to drive alamethicin insertion for ion channel formation. These effects take place over the course of 1 to 5 hours after membrane formation, and both results are consistent with translocation and mixing of lipids across the leaflets of the membrane.
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Zhang, Ming-E., and Hui Zhang. "Construction of Intelligent Maternity Interrogation Model Based on Ontology Knowledge Base." In 2020 IEEE 5th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itoec49072.2020.9141907.
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Mihayo, Astelia. "Eyeing Ideological Construction: Interrogating Women and Men Representations in the Language of Online Advertisements." In International Conference on Language Phenomena in Multimodal Communication (KLUA 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/klua-18.2018.16.
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Kumar, Shailesh, Dirk Reiners, and James H. Oliver. "Interactive Scenegraph Performance Analysis, Diagnosis, and Enhancement." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85487.
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In recent years scenegraphs have emerged as the most preferred way to represent and interact with large models in the field of computer graphics. The performance of any scenegraph application depends critically on the underlying structure of the data. Since there are many sources of 3D models and methods for constructing scenegraph data structures, poorly structured input is common. This work presents the design and implementation of an extensible performance monitoring system for a popular open source scenegraph, OpenSG. Several methods for interrogating the various factors which can affect the performance of a scenegraph are presented. A software implementation of these methods provides a tool that enables interactive exploration and diagnosis of a scenegraph to identify potential performance bottlenecks. The tool also implements some optimization techniques that can be applied to improve the structure of the scenegraph and thus the performance of the application.
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McManus, Adam, Daniel Tofful, and Rafal Wozniak. "Design of segmental box girder bridges with match cast dry joints in Melbourne, Australia." In IABSE Congress, Christchurch 2021: Resilient technologies for sustainable infrastructure. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/christchurch.2021.0269.
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<p>A study of recent work undertaken on the Caulfield to Dandenong Level Crossing Removal Project and West Gate Tunnel Project in Melbourne Australia. The viaducts on these projects were precast segmental box girders erected span-by-span with match cast dry joints which present several key advantages in brownfield construction of linear infrastructure.</p><p>These case studies consider the application of Australian and International design standards to the design of Australian Infrastructure. It is acknowledged that international design standards such as AASHTO have moved away from the use of match cast dry joints however in the Australian context they are still relevant, and it has been necessary to interrogate current standards to establish a suitable design basis. This approach is imperative when assessing existing infrastructure like recent work on the West Gate Tunnel Project which involved the assessment of the existing precast segmental City Link Viaducts. This study seeks to present recommendations on how AS5100.5 may be modified to provide a more practical and efficient solution for the design of new and the assessment of existing infrastructure.</p>
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Barnhart, Donald H., Victor S. S. Chan, Neil A. Halliwell, and Jeremy M. Coupland. "Unified system for 3D holographic displacement and velocity measurements in fluid and solid mechanics: design and construction of the recording camera and interrogation assembly." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by Soyoung S. Cha, Peter J. Bryanston-Cross, and Carolyn R. Mercer. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.365734.
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Jones, Kevin. "Material Conscience as a Multivalent Instrument of Empowerment, Aspiration, and Identity for a New University Library in Malawi, Africa." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.24.
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In December of 2015, a fire destroyed the campus library at Mzuzu University (Mzuni) in northern Malawi, Africa. The entire collection of nearly 50,000 volumes, much of the university’s computing infrastructure, and an irreplaceable archive of Malawi heritage artifacts were lost. In a resource limited context where reliable access to books and data resources is scarce, the Mzuni library was a cherished repository of knowledge and a symbol of self-reliance for students, faculty, and the greater Mzuzu community. Since the fall of 2017, a team of students and faculty from the Virginia Tech Center for Design Research in the United States has been working to design a new library in support of the national, regional, and global aspirations of Mzuzu University. The design team began the project by visiting Malawi, where they defined essential goals and parameters through contextual immersion and stakeholder meetings with Mzuni, national building officials, local architects, and members of the U.S. Embassy. This trip raised critical awareness of the very real social, cultural, and practical issues associated with pursuing international impact projects in resource-limited countries. Most importantly, the experience grounded the team in a shared set of architectural and material strategies that would go on to define the various design propositions, including the selected “Portal” scheme. Currently, the Portal is being further developed in collaboration with architects from Malawi, with construction slated to begin in 2019. This paper seeks to document and interrogate the design of the new Mzuzu University library by positioning material conscience as a multivalent instrument of empowerment, aspiration, and identity for resource-limited countries.
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Cicciarelli, Bradley A., David L. Davidson, Edward H. Hart, and P. Robert Peoples. "CFD Analysis of the Behavior of Airborne Allergens in Carpeted and Uncarpeted Dwellings." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1557.
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There is considerable concern today over indoor air quality (IAQ). The factors that influence IAQ may be numerous, and there is considerable research aimed at quantifying these factors. This research is of particular interest to industries that manufacture products used in residential and commercial dwellings, such as the carpet industry. With respect to carpet, there are various opinions about its role in IAQ, but little quantitative data. Much of the quantitative data that does exist either ignores or makes crude assumptions about the influence of fluid dynamics on the experimental observations. In this paper we discuss our use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to model the transient behavior of airborne particles in dwellings with and without carpeted floors to quantify the impact of floor covering on IAQ. In particular, we discuss the theoretical considerations that are required to construct an accurate and practical CFD model that captures the correct fluid and particle dynamics, and present and summarize CFD predictions that account for the effects of HVAC systems, room geometry and virtual objects, such as people moving about the dwelling. In addition to getting the fluid and particle dynamics correct, there are two additional aspects of this problem that will be discussed. First, in order to draw reasonable conclusions about IAQ, a large number of simulations are required to capture the wide range of realistic dwelling conditions of interest. In order to perform these simulations in a timely manner, the process of building and meshing the geometry, specifying all relevant room conditions, conducting the simulation and interrogating the results has been automated by constructing a Digital Expert for the problem, wherein the user can automatically complete these tasks with little CFD expertise and no intervention. Second, it is essential to communicate the results of these simulations to lay audiences — the wide range of people interested in IAQ, including school boards, politicians and other government officials. We have developed a means of generating “Hollywood grade” animations that are more realistic in appearance than conventional CFD animations, and consequently more appealing and more readily understandable, but that reflect the correct fluid and particle dynamics. We believe that the integration of CFD with realistic animation capability will see greater applicability as our society becomes increasingly dependent on technology and decreasingly technically literate.
Reports on the topic "Interrogative constructions"
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Leotti, Sandra. Interrogating the Construction and Representations of Criminalized Women in the Academic Social Work Literature: A Critical Discourse Analysis. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6996.
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