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Journal articles on the topic 'Interpreters'
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1
Suryadi, Fidela Shaumi, Fadel Muhamad Mubaroq, and Andang Saehu. "Interpreter's Contribution in Conference Interpreting and Indonesia Education." Journal of English Education Forum (JEEF) 4, no. 2 (June 29, 2024): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jeef.v4i2.623.
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The aim of this study is to report the interpreter’s contribution in conference interpreting and explore their contributions to the Indonesia's education. The grand theory used in this research is theory of interpreter's contribution proposed by Souza (2017). Qualitative research was utilized to collect and analyze data, employing open-ended interviews with professional interpreter as participant. The study found that interpreters play an important contribution in bridging communication gaps and ensuring effective communication in diverse educational settings such as importance of experience, technique, and overall skills in determining an interpreter's contribution. Additionally, the overall skills of an interpreter, including their cultural competence, adaptability, and ability to handle stress, are crucial to ensuring successful communication in educational contexts. By leveraging it, interpreters significantly contribute to the educational environment, promoting inclusivity and mutual understanding.
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Liber-Kwiecińska, Katarzyna. "Tłumacz ustny w postępowaniu karnym." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27, no. 4(54) (December 21, 2021): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.27.2021.54.06.
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Interpreter in Criminal Proceeding
This article presents the role of an interpreter in criminal proceedings, Polish and international regulations governing the obligation to appoint an interpreter for criminal procedural activities, the problems of interpreters’ cooperation with justice authorities, and the results of a survey on the experiences of sworn interpreters who provide interpreting services to the Police, the prosecutor’s office, and the courts in criminal proceedings in the following aspects: ensuring safety in the course of the activities, expectations of foreigners and authorities’ representatives towards the interpreter, preparing the interpreter’s work station and ensuring appropriate working conditions, as well as agreeing upon an appropriate remuneration for interpreters. A total of fifty-five sworn interpreters who regularly provide interpreting services to justice authorities took part in the survey. Their task was to complete a questionnaire consisting of fourteen questions, half of which were closed single-choice questions and the rest were open-ended questions.
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Bozko-Cace, Margarita, and Lāsma Drozde. "COURT INTERPRETER IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS." Administrative and Criminal Justice 4, no. 85 (May 21, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v4i85.3669.
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Court interpreter plays a specific and important role, which is often underestimated in criminal proceedings. One of human rights’ aspects deals with ensuring a high-quality translation in order to make the procedure available for a person, who does not understand the proceedings language, ensure one’s rights and administer justice. The aim of the study is to find out the legal ground of court interpreter’s activity in criminal proceedings, to reveal and analyse related issues. In the article, the authors reveal topical issues linked to legal regulation concerning court interpreters and offer solutions. Namely, to ensure efficiency of court interpreter’s work, a judge should create as beneficial working conditions for an interpreter as possible, make breaks every 2 hours during court hearings, speakers (judges, prosecutors, lawyers, specialists, experts) should be trained in the field of public speech and how to work with an interpreter as well as court rooms should be ensured with modern interpreting equipment. In order to introduce single practice and deliver highquality translations in Latvian courts, there is a need in development of training and certification system for court interpreters and a special normative act regulating the legal activity of court interpreters, what would be a good basis for elaboration of court interpreters’ register.
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Walczyński, Marcin. "POLISH-ENGLISH CERTIFIED INTERPRETERS IN PSYCHO-AFFECTIVELY CHALLENGING CONTEXTS." Current Trends in Translation Teaching and Learning E 8 (2021): 394–448. http://dx.doi.org/10.51287/cttle202112.
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The purpose of this article is to bring to light selected Polish-English certified interpreters’ working contexts which trigger the activation of those interpreters’ psycho-affectivity. In other words, this study aims at illuminating those occupational settings in which Polish-English certified interpreters working in Poland experience psycho-affective factors which – in turn – can affect adversely interpreting quality. The first part of the article presents the concept of the interpreter’s psycho-affectivity with its constituent elements – seven psycho-affective factors (i.e., anxiety, fear, language inhibition/language ego/language boundaries, extroversion/introversion/ambiversion, self-esteem, motivation and stress). What follows is an overview of the profile of a Polish-English certified interpreter by referring to some legal and practical issues inherent in this profession practised in Poland. The final section of this article is devoted to the analysis of several occupational contexts (i.e., courtroom, notary’s office, police station, hospital) in which the studied interpreters’ psycho-affectivity comes into play by affecting the interpreters and their interpreting performance. The data for the analysis were derived from factual, attitudinal and behavioural data collected during a qualitative psycho-affectivity-related study conducted among 76 Polish-English interpreters. Keywords: psycho-affective factors, interpreter’s psycho-affectivity, certified interpreters, occupational contexts of interpreting, consecutive interpreting
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Zhan, Cheng. "Identity Construction of Government Staff Interpreters in China —A Corpus-based Study of Shifts in Political Interpreting." Education, Language and Sociology Research 1, no. 2 (October 18, 2020): p77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v1n2p77.
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This paper presents the findings of a corpus-based empirical study on the role of government staff interpreters in the political context of China. Based on a qualitative analysis of discourse documented in authentic encounters between top leaders of Guangdong Province and their foreign visitors in interpreter-facilitated communication, the paper attempts to question the long-held view that government staff interpreters serve as a neutral, transparent non-person. To provide perhaps a new perspective from which the interpreter’s role may be revisited, this paper looks at personal angle shifts in the interpretation done by six staff interpreters of Guangdong Foreign Affairs Office, including shifts between first person and third person angles, and second person and third person angles. With what corpus data reveal, the paper argues that the interpreter’s role as a mediator is conspicuous even in high-level political interpreting. Rather than a transparent non-person, the interpreter constructs and represents her identity as well as the identity of the institution she belongs to by discursive means, and therefore acts as an active party of communication.
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Almommani, Obaida. "Navigating the Gray Zone: When Interpreters Become Mediators and Communication Facilitators." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 15, no. 4 (July 1, 2024): 1372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1504.35.
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Beyond the realm of mere word-for-word translation, interpreters often find themselves traversing the delicate terrain of communication facilitation and mediation. This article delves into the intricate dance between interpreting and these additional roles, exploring the factors that propel interpreters into the mediator's shoes and the subsequent challenges they face. The article dissects the circumstances that necessitate an interpreter's shift from neutral conduit to active mediator. Cultural clashes, implicit biases, and emotional undercurrents can all trigger this transition, demanding the interpreter to navigate sensitive dynamics and bridge communication gaps that extend beyond language. The article then grapples with the question of control: What elements of this mediation role can be consciously managed and overcome by the interpreter, and which ones remain stubbornly embedded in the communication landscape, posing significant hurdles? This nuanced analysis sheds light on the interpreter's agency and limitations within the complex realm of cross-cultural communication. By examining the gray zone between interpreting and mediation, this article offers valuable insights for both interpreters and those who rely on their expertise. It paves the way for a deeper understanding of the multifaceted nature of interpreter roles and the challenges that come with navigating the delicate dance between languages and cultures.
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Dubslaff, Friedel, and Bodil Martinsen. "Exploring untrained interpreters’ use of direct versus indirect speech." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 7, no. 2 (November 9, 2005): 211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.7.2.05dub.
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This study examines the interrelations between the use of direct vs. indirect speech by primary participants and by dialogue interpreters by focusing on pronoun shifts and their interactional functions. The data consist of four simulated interpreter-mediated medical interviews based on the same scripted role play. The subjects were untrained Arabic interpreters working for a Danish agency. Two of the four interpreters favoured the direct style of interpreting. The other two favoured the indirect style. The findings show that all four interpreters tended to identify with the patient by personalizing the indefinite pronoun one when relaying from doctor to patient. All other pronoun shifts occurred in connection with interactional problems caused almost exclusively by the interpreters’ lack of knowledge about medical terminology — even though the terms used were in fact non-specialized ones. The study also indicates that primary parties’ shifts from direct to indirect address are closely related either to the form or to the content of the interpreter’s prior utterance. Finally, it emerges that repeated one-language talk, triggered by the interpreter’s problems with medical terminology, can override the quasi-directness of communication between primary participants, which is connected with interpreting in the first person.
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Stromberg, Wayne H., and Gerald L. Head. "Court Interpreter Training in the Language Laboratory." IALLT Journal of Language Learning Technologies 18, no. 2 (January 30, 2019): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/iallt.v18i2.9158.
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Demographic studies and statistics from state and federal courts indicate agrowing need for Spanish-English court interpreters with special training in consecutiveand simultaneous court interpretation. The authors conducted a survey of 466 ofCalifornia's Spanish-English court interpreters to determine what the Spanish-Englishcourt interpreter's strongest skills needs are. Survey results are reported in this article,and the five strongest skills training needs are identified. The authors indicate how thelanguage laboratory may efficiently be used to develop and enhance these five skillsand how it may best serve a court interpreter training program. Emphasis is onapplying the work of G.A. Miller and the training techniques of Robert Ingram toSpanish-English court interpreter training.
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Theys, Laura, Cornelia Wermuth, Heidi Salaets, Peter Pype, and Demi Krystallidou. "The co-construction of empathic communication in interpreter-mediated medical consultations: A qualitative analysis of interaction." International Journal of Translation and Interpreting Research 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.12807/ti.115201.2023.a03.
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Current interpreter training programs pay increasingly more attention to the intricacies of the clinical context, such as doctors and patients’ communicative goals. However, to date, the conduit model remains influential when it comes to interpreters dealing with other participants’ emotions and their own emotions in interpreter-mediated consultations (IMCs). Consequently, establishing a good doctor-patient relationship by means of empathic communication (EC) might be jeopardized in IMCs. During EC, patients express their emotional or illness experiences to which doctors convey their empathic understanding. This study aimed to assess how doctors, patients, and interpreters verbally co-construct EC and the interpreter’s effect on this process. We analyzed 7 authentic IMCs using the Empathic Communication Coding System, as previously adapted for IMCs. We identified empathic opportunities (EOs) and empathic responses (ERs) as expressed by patients/doctors, and as rendered by interpreters. Our results showed that EC is the result of an interactive and collaborative process among all participants in IMCs. That is, the interplay between participants’ communicative actions determines how patients’ expressed lived experiences are addressed in IMCs. Our findings suggest that interpreters hold a central position in this process as they initiated EC about the patient’s illness experience and exerted control over the ways in which statements were rendered (e.g., interpreters omitted and altered original statements). In addition, our results indicated that EC in IMCs might be compromised by doctors and interpreters’ communicative actions.
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Mellinger, Christopher D., and Thomas A. Hanson. "Interpreter traits and the relationship with technology and visibility." Community Interpreting, Translation, and Technology 13, no. 3 (November 9, 2018): 366–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.00021.mel.
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Abstract Research on technology and interpreting regularly investigates technology-mediated interpreting settings and contrasts various interpreting configurations to better understand how technology changes the interpreting task. This scholarship generally does not account for various personality or character attributes exhibited by interpreters, nor does it examine the actual adoption and usage of these tools. This article presents findings from a survey-based study that examines several interpreter-specific constructs, namely their self-perception of the interpreter’s role and communication apprehension, in conjunction with attitudes toward technology use and adoption. Findings suggest that community interpreters differ from their conference interpreting counterparts and that domain-specific differences emerge between medical and court interpreters with respect to their perceived role and their propensity to adopt new technologies.
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Angermeyer, Philipp Sebastian. "Who is ‘you’?" Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 17, no. 2 (December 31, 2005): 203–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.17.2.02ang.
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This paper investigates the use of forms of address by court interpreters, combining a participation framework approach to dialogue interpreting with a sociolinguistic analysis of intra-speaker variation. Based on transcripts from interpreter-mediated court proceedings in New York City, the paper explores how interpreters respond when the participant status of their target recipients changes from addressee to unaddressed overhearer. The interpreters are found to design their utterances primarily to conform to institutional norms and not to the expectations of target recipients, who rely on politeness features as cues for their participant status. Adding to recent research on discourse processes in dialogue interpreting, the paper explores how the interpreter’s task becomes more complex when more than two primary participants are present.
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Knap-Dlouhá, Pavlína. "De rol van sociaal tolk in de maatschappij." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 29 (April 15, 2020): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0860-0716.29.14.
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In this article, the question of different roles that community interpreters play in the context of interpreted interactions is addressed, or rather how these roles are perceived. The fact that interpreters function as mediators of pronouncements from one language to another (and vice versa) is apparent from the nature of the interpretation process itself. However, frequent studies by contemporary researchers in this field show that the role of community interpreter is clearly different from that of conference interpreter; the role of the community interpreter, as seen by several authors, often goes beyond the mediation of the language transfer of necessary information, and the interpreter is often even considered responsible for the coordination of a particular conversation between participants of interpreted communication: the community interpreter determines who is speaking and who is listening; explains to the participants what the other party mean; signals this; and explains why a certain interpreted communication was not understood by one of the parties. The specific cultural position of the interpreter can sometimes also be the reason why the interpreter “leaves his mediating role”. Interpreters always operate between two worlds which are different at different levels and which it is precisely the interpreter’s job to connect through the language transfer of communications. In the case of community interpreters, we often have to deal with striking differences in norms and values. Does the interpreter have to inform the participants of the interaction about these differences or not? Doesn’t he go too far if he actively intervenes in conflict situations in an interpreted dialogue, because the other participant doesn’t have the necessary knowledge about the cultural traditions and customs of the other party? Can we expect the interpreter to inform his client, who does not speak the language of the country in question, of his rights as soon as he notices that the other party does not respect them?
The article discusses various insights into the role played by community interpreters. We start from the hypothesis that the perception of the role of the community interpreter will be highly dependent not only on different conceptual representations of individual authors but will also be differently anchored in different countries and cultures.
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Al Juboori, Ahmad Yaseen Issa, and Dr T. Sharon Raju. "Challenges facing Arab interpreters at the UN: A secondary data analysis in the light of interpretation between Arabic and English." International Journal of Social Science Exceptional Research 2, no. 6 (2023): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54660/ijsser.2023.2.6.47-51.
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This paper investigates the challenges that the interpreters from the Arab world encounter in interpretation from and to Arabic in the United Nations. In this study, the multiple tasks of UN interpreters are identified. These challenges are probed according to the factors that complicate the tasks for the interpreters. Some of these factors are general and can be applied to all languages such as the difficulties of giving the proper simultaneous translation in the target language in time. That is to say, choosing and uttering the right sentences, syntactically and semantically speaking, is a challenge for the interpreter, especially when the two systems of languages are totally different. Thus, the two systems of English and Arabic languages are compared and contrasted in order to trace the difficulties of interpretation in these languages. The linguistic and structural differences are also analyzed to explore the challenges of delivering the right meaning and proper structure in the target language by the interpreter. The importance of context in translation and interpretation is also highlighted. The role of culture is also emphasized as the cultural backgrounds might form an obstacle for interpreters. Moreover, the Arab interpreter’s safety is at risk as most of the Arab countries that entail the necessity of demanding an interpreter for Arabic are conflict zones. Hence, the interpretation process in these zones endangers the life of the interpreter. The findings are given according to the results of secondary data analysis. Thus, this paper digs into the problematic issue of interpretation as a more challenging process than translation, especially simultaneous interpretation between Arabic and English.
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Prokopenko, Antonina V., and Valeriia M. Rava. "TRAINING OF THE FUTURE INTERPRETERS’ WORKING MEMORY." Bulletin of Alfred Nobel University Series "Pedagogy and Psychology" 2, no. 22 (2021): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2522-4115-2021-2-22-13.
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The article is devoted to the issues of functioning and training of short-term and long-term memory of future interpreters. The concept of translation competence is considered, and it is noted that in order for it to be at a rather high level, an interpreter needs to have a good knowledge of at least two cultures, navigate the flow of speech, find equivalents in memory as quickly as possible, make decisions about correct forms, and the most important is to have the idiomatic language skills. It is emphasized that the formation of the message should comply with social and cultural norms to facilitate its integration into the target language. This scientific study examines a model for coordinating the efforts that an interpreter must have in the process of interpreting messages. Techniques for developing the short-term memory of future interpreters are analyzed in detail. A cognitive interpreting model called the “Effort Model” is also studied, which focuses on the interpreter’s attention resources and their distribution during the interpretation. The paper notes that the coding of information is mainly carried out in three ways: acoustic, visual and semantic. Therefore, due to the correct coordination of all efforts, the interpreter will not only be able to perform the task well, but also to process and form the message, as well as save energy for further actions. Tools and tactics which develop short-term memory and improve rapid memory are identified. In particular, such tactics as the mnemonic method, categorization, generalization, comparison, description and creation of notes are presented. It is noted that short-term memory is based on the actual sense of sound, without filtering information, so the interpreter should be careful with the message that he / she transmits. Long-term memory involves neural pathways and synaptic connections, that is why it is better established in the interpreter’s brain. Thus, long-term memory is advantageous when the interpreter is better acquainted with the field to which the translation belongs; therefore, the interpretation is very accurate, due to the correct placement of words in the context. It is noted that one of the difficult tasks is to combine professional skills with theoretical knowledge. The authors conclude that the main goal of training future interpreters is to broaden their horizons and increase the knowledge and skills in several professional fields, and emphasize that future interpreters should identify a number of principles that will help in their professional activities.
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Heaney, Clare, and Sharon Moreham. "Use of interpreter services in a metropolitan healthcare system." Australian Health Review 25, no. 3 (2002): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah020038a.
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The purpose of this study was to explore interpreter service utilisation in a Melbourne metropolitan healthcare system. 109 staff members working at the three campuses comprising this healthcare system completed questionnaires. Results reflected an under-usage of professional interpreters and an over-reliance on informal interpreters. A lack of knowledge about interpreter services was related to a lack of formal interpreter use and an increased use of informal interpreters. While the presence of an onsite interpreter coordination service at one of the campuses did not affect the level of familiarity or use of formal interpreters, it was related to a decreased use of informal interpreters. Further promotion and education regarding interpreter services is imperative to ensure that a safe, efficient and equitable service is being provided to all clients.
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Kim, Daejin, and Hyang-Ok Lim. "Creativity and simultaneous interpretation—the two shall never meet?" International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 6 (July 18, 2018): 1316–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006918786472.
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Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: This study examines the cognitive nature of Korean–English conference interpreters by analyzing the creativity scores of professional interpreters and interpreter students and exploring the cause of the differences between them. Design/methodology/approach: We conducted the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) on professional interpreters and interpreter students. The main scores and sub scores of the two groups were compared and analyzed. The quantitative results were complemented by selective in-depth interviews. Data and analysis: Forty-five subjects (21 professional interpreters and 24 interpreter students) participated in the study. The data from the TTCT main and subordinate scores were obtained. An independent t-test between the two groups was conducted. The creative style scores were compared to explain the differences between the two groups. Findings/conclusions: Contrary to our expectations, the creative verbal scores of the professional interpreters were significantly lower than the interpreter students’ scores. We also found other distinct differences between the two groups regarding several aspects of creativity including styles. We speculate that the different creative scores may reflect the impact that many years of professional interpretation experience have had on the cognition of the conference interpreters. Originality: The current study is a first attempt to explore the creative scores of professional interpreters and interpreter students with an analysis of the implications of the cognitive aspects of Korean–English conference interpreters. Significance/implications: Our study suggests that the difference in the creative scores of professional interpreters and interpreter students may be key to understanding the unique cognitive features of Korean–English conference interpreters. We surmise that the involvement of particular functions of the brain together with the professional experience of the interpreters caused the difference.
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Torrella Gutiérrez, Carmen, and Francisco Javier Vigier-Moreno. "Ethically Challenging Issues in Business Interpreting: Learning How to Face Cultural Quandaries Through Practice and Reflection." Vertimo studijos 16 (October 11, 2023): 186–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/vertstud.2023.12.
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In business interpreting training, there is the need to train prospective interpreters in professional ethics and conduct, since tenets assumed in other interpreting domains such as impartiality and wholeness may conflict with the interests and needs of the business hiring the interpreter’s services and therefore place the interpreter in an ethical dilemma. In this article, we show how examples of ethically challenging elements extracted from a real interpreter-mediated business meeting corpus (in particular, issues related to culture clashes) can be addressed in business interpreting training. Trainee interpreters are exposed to these situations, which are previously introduced in (semi-)structured roleplays that are then used in the training sessions, and the following subsequent feedback and discussion allow trainees and trainers to explore and expound different options that both transmit the correct message and, more importantly, adhere to professional principles and protocols.
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Álvarez-Pérez, Beneharo, and Jessica Pérez-Luzardo Díaz. "Towards a tool for the integrated management of the interpreter’s prior preparation: A pilot study." Cadernos de Tradução 44, no. 1 (April 25, 2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7968.2024.e95229.
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The interpreter’s prior preparation for a specialised assignment poses a constant challenge for professionals given the usual time constraints experienced in interpreting. The use of an integral application that optimises the prior preparation process from a dual linguistic and extralinguistic perspective will allow the interpreter to contextualise the topic of the event in an agile and effective manner. In order to define the basis on which this application should be designed, this study, which is part of a larger one focused on analysing the way in which prior preparation and glossary elaboration are approached at different educational and professional levels, aims to respond to three objectives: identifying the nature of the main drawbacks encountered by interpreters when preparing for an assignment; identifying the factors that interpreters recognise as determining in increasing the degree of their preparation; and, finally, identifying the interpreters’ future prospects in terms of prior preparation. To this end, a questionnaire was developed aimed at working professional interpreters, to which 41 subjects have responded so far. The preliminary data collected will allow us to initially define the guidelines that will mark the development of the application that aims to combine the linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge acquired by the interpreter for each new assignment in order to guarantee the most effective contextualisation of the speaker’s words and, consequently, achieve the greatest degree of success.
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Horváth, Ildikó. "What does sport psychology have to offer interpreting?" Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 63, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 230–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.63.2.05hor.
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Abstract Sports psychology has a great deal of potential for interpreting and interpreter training, as stress seems to be one of the major psychological factors influencing an interpreter’s professional behaviour. A competitive sports situation is similar to an interpreting assignment, as both are characterized by the need of the performers, the athlete or the interpreter to achieve. They cannot escape from the situation, and they need to achieve what they have undertaken to do. Their performance on the day depends on external and internal factors that they need to control efficiently. Stress is and has for some time been a widely-researched topic in interpreting studies, as it seems to be a fact of life for interpreters. Stress research in interpreting has, however, focused mainly on the external factors influencing an interpreter’s performance. This paper presents an outline of sports psychology and reviews the literature on the psychology of stress. It then presents research conducted on stress in the context of interpreting. Finally, it examines how we can help our students cope with stress and control the internal factors influencing their performance as interpreters.
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Abuín Gonzàlez, Marta. "The language of consecutive interpreters’ notes." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 14, no. 1 (April 6, 2012): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.14.1.03abu.
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This paper presents an empirical study of the language of the notes produced by three groups of subjects with different levels of interpreter training and experience (beginner students, advanced students and interpreters) during an experimental consecutive interpreting task from English into Spanish. The variable under study was the note-taking language — source language vs. target language. Analyses of the notational corpus involved the application of quantitative methods so as to obtain data on the language of the notes at different skill acquisition and professional stages. The results show that as the subjects’ expertise level increases, there is a shift from the use of the source language towards the use of the target language. This finding suggests that the expertise level in consecutive interpreting may be a relevant factor in the interpreter’s choice of language. Finally, some conclusions are drawn regarding interpreter training.
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Larose, Octave, Sophie Kaleba, Humphrey Burchell, and Stefan Marr. "AST vs. Bytecode: Interpreters in the Age of Meta-Compilation." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 7, OOPSLA2 (October 16, 2023): 318–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3622808.
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Thanks to partial evaluation and meta-tracing, it became practical to build language implementations that reach state-of-the-art peak performance by implementing only an interpreter. Systems such as RPython and GraalVM provide components such as a garbage collector and just-in-time compiler in a language-agnostic manner, greatly reducing implementation effort. However, meta-compilation-based language implementations still need to improve further to reach the low memory use and fast warmup behavior that custom-built systems provide. A key element in this endeavor is interpreter performance. Folklore tells us that bytecode interpreters are superior to abstract-syntax-tree (AST) interpreters both in terms of memory use and run-time performance. This work assesses the trade-offs between AST and bytecode interpreters to verify common assumptions and whether they hold in the context of meta-compilation systems. We implemented four interpreters, each an AST and a bytecode one using RPython and GraalVM. We keep the difference between the interpreters as small as feasible to be able to evaluate interpreter performance, peak performance, warmup, memory use, and the impact of individual optimizations. Our results show that both systems indeed reach performance close to Node.js/V8. Looking at interpreter-only performance, our AST interpreters are on par with, or even slightly faster than their bytecode counterparts. After just-in-time compilation, the results are roughly on par. This means bytecode interpreters do not have their widely assumed performance advantage. However, we can confirm that bytecodes are more compact in memory than ASTs, which becomes relevant for larger applications. However, for smaller applications, we noticed that bytecode interpreters allocate more memory because boxing avoidance is not as applicable, and because the bytecode interpreter structure requires memory, e.g., for a reified stack. Our results show AST interpreters to be competitive on top of meta-compilation systems. Together with possible engineering benefits, they should thus not be discounted so easily in favor of bytecode interpreters.
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Xu, Han. "A survey study of lawyers' and interpreters' approaches to interactional management in interpreted lawyer-client interviews in Australia." Across Languages and Cultures 23, no. 2 (November 7, 2022): 226–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/084.2022.00190.
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AbstractCanvassing views through a questionnaire-based online survey of 25 lawyers and 85 interpreters working in Australia, the present study investigates the approaches to interactional management employed by both lawyers and interpreters in interpreter-facilitated legal aid interviews. Specifically, the study examines lawyers' and interpreters' efforts at coordination before and during interpreted interviews, as well as interpreters' success in complying with ethical principles, and lawyers' knowledge of how to work with interpreters. The findings show that lawyers had a good understanding of their responsibilities when working with interpreters and played the role of coordinator by actively managing turn-taking and monitoring interpreting quality. Although most of the interpreter respondents performed to the ethical standards expected, some knowingly violated ethical principles by engaging in side conversations with the clients or by summarising rather than interpreting fully. The study further found statistically significant correlations between interpreters' level of professional qualifications and their competence in managing interactions and following ethical principles, which highlights the importance of training and professional accreditation for maintaining professional standards among interpreters.
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Braun, Sabine. "Keep your distance? Remote interpreting in legal proceedings." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 15, no. 2 (October 7, 2013): 200–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.15.2.03bra.
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Remote interpreting, whereby the interpreter is physically separated from those who need the interpretation, has been investigated in relation to conference and healthcare settings. By contrast, very little is known about remote interpreting in legal proceedings, where this method of interpreting is increasingly used to optimise interpreters’ availability. This paper reports the findings of an experimental study investigating the viability of videoconference-based remote interpreting in legal contexts. The study compared the quality of interpreter performance in traditional and remote interpreting, both using the consecutive mode. Two simulated police interviews of detainees, recreating authentic situations, were interpreted by eight interpreters with accreditation and professional experience in police interpreting. The languages involved were French (in most cases the interpreter’s native language) and English. Each interpreter interpreted one of the interviews in remote interpreting, and the other in a traditional face-to-face setting. Various types of problem in the interpretations were analysed, quantitatively and qualitatively. Among the key findings are a significantly higher number of interpreting problems, and a faster decline of interpreting performance over time, in remote interpreting. The paper gives details of these findings, and discusses the potential legal consequences of the problems identified.
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Angelelli, Claudia V. "Who is talking now? Role expectations and role materializations in interpreter-mediated healthcare encounters." Communication and Medicine 15, no. 2 (March 14, 2020): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.38679.
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Complex layers of meaning accompany conversations about illness and medicine in medical encounters. The complexity multiplies in multilingual healthcare encounters when interpreters are asked to bridge the cultural communities of the provider (and medicine) and the patient, not only by interpreting the languages used, but also by taking on different roles, coordinating talk and facilitating answers to questions that providers and patients raise as they communicate with one another. A sub-set of three segments of interpreter-mediated authentic interactions (n=392) are presented to explore the provider and healthcare interpreter’s responsibilities and challenges in constructing and co-constructing meaning in conversations about healthcare information. Findings suggest that interpreters do not volunteer to take on roles above and beyond the one of interpreting. Instead they are instructed to take on other roles which may not necessarily be aligned with their background or professional practice (e.g. explore medical history, explain the value of ratings on a pain scale). This study has implications for providers and interpreters in regards to responsibility and ethics when communicating with patients who do not use societal languages.
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Costa, Beverley, and Stephen Briggs. "Service-users’ experiences of interpreters in psychological therapy: a pilot study." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 10, no. 4 (December 9, 2014): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-12-2013-0044.
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Purpose – Working across languages is playing an increasingly important role in the delivery of mental health services, notably through psychotherapy and psychological therapies. Growing awareness of the complex processes that ensue in working across languages, including the presence and role of an interpreter, is generating new conceptualisations of practice, but there is a need now to evidence how these impact on service users. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper discusses the model for working with interpretation developed by Mothertongue multi-ethnic counselling service, which conceptualises the therapeutic process as working within triangular relationships consisting of service user, therapist and interpreter. Second, the paper discusses the qualitative, practice-near methods applied in, and findings from a pilot study to evaluate the interpreter's role. Findings – Three patterns of response to interpreters were identified: negative impacts on the therapy, the interpreter as conduit for therapy and the therapist and interpreter jointly demonstrating a shared enterprise. It is concluded that the method and findings of the pilot justify a larger study that will further evaluate the experiences of service users and continue to develop and test conceptualisations for best practice. Originality/value – Working across languages is now recognised as an increasingly important aspect of therapy in contexts where migration has created new demographics. This paper contributes to the discussion of working therapeutically with people with mental health difficulties across languages. Its originality lies, first, in the discussion of a new clinical approach to working with interpreters, and second in the methods used to access the views of service users about their experiences of interpreters.
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Sibul, Karin. "Interpretive Communities: Estonia’s Case Study." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 4 (March 5, 2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2014.17470.
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This paper discusses Stanley Fish’s notion of interpretive communities, based on interviews conducted with interpreters who operated in Estonia from 1944 to 1991 while Estonia was a Soviet republic. 43 semi-structured convergent interviews were conducted: 21 with people who worked as interpreters and 22 with people who recruited interpreters or worked with an interpreter during this period.This study has presented a new perspective for the consideration of interpretive communities as defined by Stanley Fish. It has demonstrated the applicability of the notion on the basis of interviews conducted with interpreters. It is clear that interpreters apply interpretive strategies, depend on reader’s activities and on the structure of the reader’s experience.In analysing the gathered material, I applied a novel approach and extended Stanley Fish’s notion of interpretive communities from readers to interpreters. My conclusion is that Estonia’s post-World War Two interpreter community falls into two interpretive communities, the dividing line being languages used (Russian as the A or B language versus English, German, Swedish, Polish, French or Spanish as the B language, etc.) and experience (local versus international).While this study focused on interpreters in Estonia after World War II, it could be beneficial to compare the findings with other Baltic and East European countries. The analysis of interviews revealed that the interpreters operating in the years reviewed did not always meet the requirements of a professional interpreter. They were all interpreters by chance, however, not professionals.It should be recognized that factors such as the interpreting setting and preparation, as demonstrated in the above examples, played an important role. This research could be taken a step further and interviews conducted with interpreters active since the restoration of independence.
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Hu, Wan. "Examining the Effectiveness of Simulated Interpreting Projects: Students’ Perspectives." Review of European Studies 11, no. 2 (June 3, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v11n2p118.
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In recent decades, bridging the gap between university-based interpreting teaching and industry needs has been increasingly important as an emerging area of interpreter education and training. Many interpreter educators and practitioners have introduced authentic interpreting practices (e.g. mock conference, role-play, conference observation, field training) into their classrooms and received positive feedback from student interpreters. This study investigates the use of simulated interpreting projects, which have been designed by the interpreter trainer to make student interpreters’ learning more stimulating and effective. Findings from this empirical study have demonstrated that the simulated interpreting projects not only enhanced student interpreters’ skills for and knowledge about the interpreting profession, but also cultivated their vocational skills and investigation capabilities which are crucial for many other professions. This research contributes to the current understanding of enhancing student interpreters’ learning experience via real-life activities. It introduces a fresh perspective for designing an investigative learning model for student interpreters. It also has practical implications for interpreting pedagogy, offering theoretical and empirical support for the changing attitudes and approaches in interpreter education and training.
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Yamada, Naoko. "Assessing the Needs of Interpreter Training in Japan." Journal of Interpretation Research 19, no. 2 (November 2014): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721401900204.
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This research attempted to identify the needs present in interpreter training in Japan. Interviews with trainers and interpreters, and questionnaires administered to interpreters were employed to explore (a) the skills and abilities necessary for successful interpreters and (b) the challenges that trainers may experience regarding interpretive training in Japan. The results showed both consistency and inconsistency in the perceptions of interpreters and trainers. Interpretive design, communication and public speaking, and risk management are core subjects recommended for future introductory-level training programs in Japan. Managerial and training skills are suggested for new types of training programs. Several challenges to interpreter training in Japan were also identified.
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Łomzik, Magdalena. "Recent Research on the Perception of the Translating Profession." Comparative Legilinguistics 48, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cl-2021-0017.
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Abstract This article presents the latest research on the perception of the translating profession from the book Tłumacz oczami społeczeństwa edited by Katarzyna Liber-Kwiecińska. The reviewed monograph includes articles that complement current research on the perception of the role and work of interpreters. The presentation of an introductory article concerning the identity of a court interpreter is followed by the results of the work conducted by six teams of young scientists; these studies can be divided into three groups. The former relates to the perception of the interpreter’s role by attorneys ad litem, judges, and students of non-philologic faculties, and to the cooperation between interpreters and judges. The second group includes a study on the required education of translators among students of philologic and nonphilologic faculties. Finally, the last group contains research on the impact of the level of knowledge of a foreign language and the age of probants on the perception of the translating profession and the impact of the presence of an interpreter on the attractiveness of statements.
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Sari, Nur Amalia. "Pragmatics meaning interpretation and verbatim rendering in adversarial legal systems in court interpreting." ACCENTIA: Journal of English Language and Education 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37598/accentia.v2i1.1292.
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As a result of global movement, either by voluntary migration or forced displacement, interpreter-mediated court proceedings are becoming increasingly common. Most courts established interpreter’s codes of conduct, preferring verbatim rendering of litigants’ utterances, in anticipation of potential cultural bias and partiality. However, this code of conduct seems to fail to accommodate complicated legal and language realities in intercultural court proceedings. In adversarial legal systems, the presentation of evidences highly relies on the skillful language manipulation by the lawyers. In terms of refugee status determination, the ability to retell traumatic experience determined asylum seekers’ credibility. Communication breakdowns and failure to provide cultural context are amongst the downside of verbatim rendering, since speakers have to breakdown their confession into short sentences to be fully translated. On other hand, in offering context and preserving intention, interpreter might be tempted alter speakers’ original voice/style, including eliminating repetitions, hesitations and inexplicitness. Considering this, it is suggested that pragmatic meaning interpretation is utilized by taking more caution to preserving speakers’ original style. In doing so, sufficient training for interpreters and sufficient number of interpreters must be provided.
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Iriskhanova, Olga K. "Simultaneous interpreter in multimodal dimension: the role of gestures in moments of non-interpretation." Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 14, no. 3 (2023): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2225-5346-2023-3-3.
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The paper investigates multimodal behavior of simultaneous interpreters during ‘non-interpretation’ regarded as interruptions in the flow of speech due to difficulties. Video recordings of a TEDtalk on biology interpreted from English into Russian by 24 simultaneous interpreters are analyzed with the help of quantitative and qualitative methods. The distribution of gestures with the moments of ‘non-interpretation’ indicates that referential (representational and deictic) gestures serve the compensatory function of strengthening the mappings between three frames of reference in which a simultaneous interpreter acts at the same time: i. e., the frame of reference of the events described in the lecture, the communicative situation of the source text, and the interpreter’s physical communicative space constrained by the booth. Representational gestures connect the first two frames of reference via the representational modes of drawing, molding, holding, as well as acting out and embodying. Deictic (pointing) gestures help the interpreter to organize the referential objects around him / her, thus integrating the referential frame of events being described and interpreted, and the physical space of the booth.
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He, Yan, and Yinying Hu. "Functional Connectivity Signatures Underlying Simultaneous Language Translation in Interpreters and Non-Interpreters of Mandarin and English: An fNIRS Study." Brain Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12020273.
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Recent neuroimaging research has suggested that interpreters and non-interpreters elicit different brain activation patterns during simultaneous language translation. However, whether these two groups have different functional connectivity during such a task, and how the neural coupling is among brain subregions, are still not well understood. In this study, we recruited Mandarin (L1)/English (L2) interpreters and non-interpreter bilinguals, whom we asked to perform simultaneous language translation and reading tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to collect cortical brain data for participants during each task, using 68 channels that covered the prefrontal cortex and the bilateral perisylvian regions. Our findings revealed both interpreter and non-interpreter groups recruited the right dorsolateral prefrontal hub when completing the simultaneous language translation tasks. We also found different functional connectivity between the groups. The interpreter group was characterized by information exchange between the frontal cortex and Wernicke’s area. In comparison, the non-interpreter group revealed neural coupling between the frontal cortex and Broca’s area. These findings indicate expertise modulates functional connectivity, possibly because of more developed cognitive skills associated with executive functions in interpreters.
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Phillips, Christine B., and Joanne Travaglia. "Low levels of uptake of free interpreters by Australian doctors in private practice: secondary analysis of national data." Australian Health Review 35, no. 4 (2011): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10900.
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Background. One in thirty-five Australians has poor proficiency in English, and may need language support in health consultations. Australia has the world’s most extensive system of fee-free provision of interpreters for doctors, but the degree of uptake relative to need is unknown. Objective. To assess the current unmet and projected future needs for interpreters in Australia in Medicare-funded medical consultations. Method. Secondary analysis of Australian Census, Medicare and Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS) datasets. Age-specific rates of non-Indigenous populations who had self-reported poor proficiency in English were applied to age-specific attendances to general practitioners (GPs) and private specialists to estimate the need for language-assisted consultations in 2006–07. The proportion of services where language assistance was used when needed was estimated through aggregate data from the Medicare and TIS datasets. Results. We estimate that interpreters from the national fee-free service were used for patients with poor proficiency in English is less than 1 in 100 (0.97%) Medicare-funded consultations. The need for interpreters will escalate in future, particularly among those over 85 years. Discussion. Doctors currently underuse interpreters. Increasing the use of interpreters requires education and incentives, but also sustained investment in systems, infrastructure and interpreters to meet the escalation in demand as the population ages. What is known about this topic? Australia is a multilingual country, with 1 in 35 Australians rating their spoken English as poor. Australia is regarded internationally as a model of service provision in its national fee-free rapid-access telephone interpreter service (the Doctors Priority Line) for doctors charging Medicare-rebateable services. Little is known of the extent of uptake of interpreter services by private doctors, relative to estimated patient need. What does this paper add? Using estimates generated from Medicare statistics, Translating and Interpreting Service statistics and rates calculated from ABS data on language proficiency, we estimate that for every 100 people with poor English proficiency who see a private GP or specialist, only 1 will have an interpreter from the free Doctors Priority Line. Although there are interpreter services funded by States and Territories, these are used very infrequently by GPs and consultants in private practice. The demand for interpreters will increase in future as the population ages. What are the implications for practitioners? Even with a free, rapid-access service, doctors underuse interpreters. Public policy should focus on both education and financial incentives to encourage doctors to use interpreters. Future increases in demand for interpreters will require sustained input into developing the interpreter workforce, and training healthcare practitioners and their businesses to be proactive about using interpreters.
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Steele, Heather, David Lehane, Elizabeth Walton, and Caroline Mitchell. "Exploring patient preference regarding interpreter use in primary care." British Journal of General Practice 70, suppl 1 (June 2020): bjgp20X711557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x711557.
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BackgroundEffective communication is considered an essential component of delivering health care. Trained, professional interpreters are the gold standard for overcoming language barriers with those with limited English proficiency (LEP). However, LEP patients often use unqualified interpreters such as family members and friends. Existing literature explores the rationale behind choosing different interpreters, but rarely from the patient perspective.AimTo explore the patient perspective on the type of interpreter best suited for primary care consultations.MethodParticipants self-identified as having LEP were recruited from four GP practices in areas of Sheffield with high proportions of black and minority ethnic (BME) residents. The participants were from Urdu-, Arabic-, or Romani-speaking ethnic groups. Semi-structured interpreted interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically with independent verification of emergent themes. Interviews continued to data saturation.ResultsAll participants expressed a preference for face-to-face interpreters. Urdu and Arabic participants highlighted the importance of using an interpreter with the same dialect; Roma participants were passionate about the need for qualified Roma interpreters. Most participants also identified trust and sex as important factors. However, interpreter preference varied between participants: some valued the continuity of family members, whereas others favoured the professionalism and linguistic accuracy associated with qualified interpreters.ConclusionThis study identified conflicts between patient preferences and guidance for healthcare professionals; all of the participants disliked telephone interpreting, and many recognised the benefits of untrained interpreters. The study highlights the complexities of interpreter preference in primary care and suggests that the decision should be flexible, and patient centred.
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Gallegos-Rejas, Victor M., Jaimon T. Kelly, Centaine L. Snoswell, Helen M. Haydon, Annie Banbury, Emma E. Thomas, Taylor Major, Liam J. Caffery, Anthony C. Smith, and Soraia de Camargo Catapan. "Does the requirement for an interpreter impact experience with telehealth modalities, acceptability and trust in telehealth? Results from a national survey including people requiring interpreter services." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 29, no. 10_suppl (November 26, 2023): 24S—29S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x231197945.
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We aimed to assess if experience with telehealth modalities, acceptability and levels of trust in telehealth vary with the need for an interpreter using a cross-sectional survey of telehealth consumers in Australia. Non-parametric tests were used to compare the means and percentages between those who required an interpreter and those who did not. A total of N = 1,116 completed the survey; 5% ( n = 56) represented people needing an interpreter for telehealth services. Of those needing interpreters, 14.29% had experienced only phone consultations whereas 63.21% of those who did not need interpreters had experienced only phone consultations. Trust in telehealth with allied health professionals was significantly higher among people needing interpreters (mean 4.12 ± 1.02) than those with no interpreter required (mean 3.70 ± 1.30), p = 0.03. People requiring interpreters had non-significantly higher acceptability towards video consultation than those who did not (mean 3.60 ± 0.61 vs mean 3.51 ± 0.80, p = 0.42), similar to telephone consultations (mean 3.71 ± 0.95 vs mean 3.48 ± 0.79, p = 0.38). The need for interpreters does not appear to impact acceptability or trust in telehealth with doctors. However, experience with telehealth modalities and trust in telehealth with allied health varied significantly among groups. Increasing exposure to telehealth modalities, trust and acceptability is crucial to promote equitable access to telehealth.
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Brua, Charles. "Role-blurring and ethical grey zones associated with lay interpreters: Three case studies." Communication and Medicine 5, no. 1 (November 27, 2008): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cam.v5i1.73.
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This article examines a context in which immigrants from the former Soviet Union must navigate the English-speaking medical system in a semi-rural area of the USA. In this setting, institutional interpretation resources are not consistently available, and various informal arrangements emerge. One type consists of naive interpreters such as family members of low bilingual capability and/or medical knowledge. Another arrangement involves relatively skilled bilinguals who have command of medical terminology but who are not professionally trained as interpreters. Three case studies of this latter category of ‘lay interpreters’ are presented. Among the roles reported by the lay interpreters are information source and advocate. The three interpreters are making a contribution in the absence of institutionally provided professional resources, and their help can be viewed as better than the use of naive interpreters such as patients’ children. However, the lay interpreters also occasionally seemed to stray into ethically grey areas. For instance, one interpreter said he discarded a client’s outdated medicine against her wishes, and another expressed envy of ungrateful clients who had better healthcare access than she did. While professionally trained interpreters are not immune from ethical challenges, such training would better safeguard both patient and interpreter.
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Li, Shuangyu. "Co-construction of interpreted conversation in medical consultations." Applied Linguistics Review 4, no. 1 (March 29, 2013): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2013-0006.
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AbstractIt has been largely accepted that face-to-face consecutive interpreting should be studied as a communicative event and an interactive process. Linguistic methods, including conversation analysis, have been used to investigate interactive elements in the discourse, such as turn-taking, adjacency pair, overlapping speech, repair, etc. Researchers acknowledge that participants' verbal behaviours in the turn-by-turn interactions are co-constructed by all participants; however, little has been said about the co-constructive mechanism. This research aimed to provide a better understanding of the generic mechanism of such co-construction, hoping to inform the training for interpreters and medical professionals who work with them.Using conversation analysis, I recorded seven naturally occurring interpreter-mediated GP consultations in the UK. Participants included two GPs, three professional and ad hoc interpreters and seven patients speaking either Urdu, Mirpuri Punjabi or Czech.My analysis elaborates on the inter-determination between the types of information the primary speakers (doctor and patient) produce in the current turn and the consequent actions the interpreter undertakes in the next turn, and also points out that such inter-determination is not definite in that the interpreter's turn design is also influenced by their own characteristics. This analysis emphasises that the interpreter, both professional and ad hoc, is key to the quality of the doctor-patient communication and doctors can alter their own behaviours to optimise the interpreter's turn-design and thus the communication outcome.This research provides an insight into the co-construction of the triadic interactions in interpreted medical consultations. With a better understanding of this mechanism, doctors may be taught to alter their verbal behaviours to optimise the interpreter's performance and thus improve their communication with patients. This interactional framework may also help us understand other critical issues of power, identify, cultural competence, etc.
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Chang, Chia-chien, Michelle Min-chia Wu, and Tien-chun Gina Kuo. "Conference interpreting and knowledge acquisition." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 20, no. 2 (September 24, 2018): 204–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.00010.cha.
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Abstract This paper describes knowledge acquisition of professional conference interpreters in Taiwan when dealing with unfamiliar topics: the focus is on how the required knowledge is developed before, during and after a conference. We interviewed 10 Chinese-English interpreters, to find out about their preparation for such conferences and their approach to developing domain-specific knowledge. We first collected each interpreter’s five latest conference programs and used these to analyze the knowledge domains covered. We then based each interview on one conference agenda, considered representative by the interpreter, to examine the knowledge acquisition process from pre- to post-conference. The results show strategic preparation of unfamiliar topics: to facilitate comprehension and reformulation, interpreters make good use of conference documents and compile glossaries in which they organize the concepts and terminology specific to the conference. As they assimilate the language usage of the presenters and other participants during the conference, they use their analytical skills to manage any difficulties. Keeping in mind the aims of the event (e.g., commercial, scientific), as well as the profiles of the speakers and target audience, helps to optimize availability of relevant knowledge at short notice and continue updating it during the assignment.
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Walczyński, Marcin. "Certified Interpreters’ Subjective Experience of Psycho-Affective Factors in Court Interpreting." Anglica Wratislaviensia 58 (November 13, 2020): 165–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.58.10.
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This paper touches upon the theme of the certified interpreter’s psycho-affectivity, a construct studied within a branch of interpreting studies known as interpreter psychology, or more precisely, within its psycho-affective strand. What also lays the groundwork for the presentation of the outcomes of the investigation into the certified interpreters’ experience of the psycho-affective factors is an overview of certified interpreting. The major part of this paper is dedicated to the discussion of the results of a survey carried out among Polish-English certified interpreters who interpret consecutively in the courtroom. Seven factors experienced by study participants (i.e. anxiety, fear, language inhibition/language ego/language boundaries, extroversion/introversion/ambiversion, self-esteem, motivation and stress) are discussed. The discussion is supplemented with a selection of quotes taken from the certified interpreters’ responses, in which they directly or indirectly refer to the selected psycho-affective factors and their impact on the interpreting process and the output rendered. All in all, it emerges that, in quite a number of cases, in the respondents’ opinions, the psycho-affective factors under consideration are of a more negative than positive character, thereby disrupting the process of consecutive interpreting in the courtroom.
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Martin, Conor, and Lucía Ruiz Rosendo. "Exploring positionality management in complex interpreting interactions: a simulation method." FITISPos International Journal 11, no. 1 (May 30, 2024): 65–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/fitispos-ij.2024.11.1.387.
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Interpreting Studies research has considered the challenges faced by interpreters in a variety of contexts. In such contexts, interpreters are expected to keep their reactions in check, which means that they must, often unconsciously, confront, understand and manage their positionality. However, interpreters rarely receive specific training on how to manage their positionality. Against this backdrop, this article will detail ongoing work whose objective is to examine if university-level interpreter training leads to positionality management in graduates. The study aims to use conference-trained interpreters as a lens through which to understand interpreter positionality in the light of the complexities and challenges present in various interpreting contexts. The article will focus on the development of a simulation method, particularly the creation and design of scenarios.
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Viljanmaa, Anu. "Tulkin ammatillinen toimijuus koronapandemian työskentelyolosuhteissa." Mikael: Kääntämisen ja tulkkauksen tutkimuksen aikakauslehti 17, no. 1 (April 17, 2024): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.61200/mikael.136369.
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This article focuses on the interpreter’s professional agency during the Covid-19 pandemic in the years 2020 and 2021. The pandemic changed the working environment of interpreters with a rapid switch to remote interpreting only, i.e., the use of virtual meeting tools such as Teams alongside traditional telephone interpreting, and the development and use of various platforms for remote simultaneous interpreting (RSI). Later interpreters were able to return to face-to-face interpreting but had to wear face masks. This study focuses on the professional agency of interpreters during this period as portrayed in their personal experiences. Research data consist of answers from 48 interpreters to an electronic survey carried out in November 2021. Data was analyzed with a theory-driven approach focusing on selected elements of professional agency. The results show how structure restricts interpreter’s agency, but elements of professional agency exist in the ways interpreters shape their working environment and interpreting processes.
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Schulz, Thomas R., Karin Leder, Ismail Akinci, and Beverley-Ann Biggs. "Improvements in patient care: videoconferencing to improve access to interpreters during clinical consultations for refugee and immigrant patients." Australian Health Review 39, no. 4 (2015): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah14124.
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Objective To demonstrate the suitability of accessing interpreters via videoconference for medical consultations and to assess doctor and patient perceptions of this compared with either on-site or telephone interpreting. Methods We assessed the suitability and acceptability of accessing interpreters via videoconference during out-patient clinical consultations in two situations: (i) when the doctor and patient were in a consulting room at a central hospital and the interpreter sat remotely; and (ii) when the doctor, patient and interpreter were each at separate sites (during a telehealth consultation). The main outcome measures were patient and doctor satisfaction, number of problems recorded and acceptability compared with other methods for accessing an interpreter. Results Ninety-eight per cent of patients were satisfied overall with the use of an interpreter by video. When comparing videoconference interpreting with telephone interpreting, 82% of patients thought having an interpreter via video was better or much better, 15% thought it was the same and 3% considered it worse. Compared with on-site interpreting, 16% found videoconferencing better or much better, 58% considered it the same and 24% considered it worse or much worse. Conclusions The present study has demonstrated that accessing an interpreter via videoconference is well accepted and preferred to telephone interpreting by both doctors and patients. What is known about the topic? Many immigrants and refugees settle in rural Australia. Access to professional on-site interpreters is difficult, particularly in rural Australia. What does this study add? Interpreters can be successfully accessed by videoconference. Patients and doctors prefer an interpreter accessed by videoconference rather than a telephone interpreter. What are the implications for practitioners? Doctors can utilise videoconferencing to access interpreters if this is available, confident that this is well accepted by patients and preferred to telephone interpreting.
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Chiam, Tze Chao, Stephen Hoover, Danielle Mosby, Richard Caplan, Sarahfaye Dolman, Adebayo Gbadebo, Frank Mayer, et al. "Meeting demand: A multi-method approach to optimizing hospital language interpreter staffing." Journal of Hospital Administration 6, no. 2 (February 16, 2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v6n2p21.
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Objective: The objective of this paper is to highlight a study on optimizing the full-time equivalent (FTE) for Spanish and Mandarin interpreters at Christiana Care Health System. In this study, there were multiple challenges that needed to be addressed, and a multi-method approach was taken.Methods: These methods include: (1) time-motion study to quantify interpreter workflow and variability of duration of time needed for each task; (2) an integer program to optimize the number of interpreters needed per hour based on historical demand patterns for interpreter services; (3) Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) to examine the use of agency interpreters in order to meet demand; (4) cost modelling to convert FTEs and the use of agency interpreters into overall costs to the hospital; and (5) sensitivity analysis to evaluate alternative number of interpreter FTEs and their corresponding costs to the hospital.Results: Overall cost to the hospital is predicted to decrease with additional FTE interpreters, up to a threshold level above which the cost will start to increase. Through this innovative methodology used in this paper, we predict that hiring 3.5 more FTEs for Spanish interpreters will result in 9.07% of cost savings, and predict that hiring one FTE for Mandarin interpreters will result in 25.87% in cost savings compared to the current expense of providing Mandarin language interpretation.Conclusions: Contrary to intuition, increasing number of FTEs results in cost savings. Besides the financial benefit, hospitals will also be able to ensure the quality of health services that Limited English Proficiency (LEP) patients and families receive.
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Biernacka, Agnieszka, and Aleksandra Kalata-Zawłocka. "Etyka tłumaczy ustnych języków fonicznych i tłumaczy języków migowych." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 30, no. 1/63 (April 16, 2024): 93–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.30.2023.63.05.
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ETHICS OF SPOKEN AND SIGNED LANGUAGE INTERPRETERS: FROM THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS TO PRACTICAL SOLUTIONS Codes of ethics are readily developed by professional associations and institutions for interpreter education and training. The codes may be local, national or international, may apply to different interpreting environments (medical, legal and judicial, educational, etc.) and to different languages: spoken and signed. There are several types of documents used by different groups of interpreters. The subject of this discussion is two codes created by individual professional organisations: The Professional Code of the Sworn Interpreter of the Polish Society of Sworn and Specialised Interpreters PT TEPIS and the Code of Ethics the Association of Polish Sign Language Interpreters STPJM. The aim of this article is to propose a new unified code of professional ethics for spoken language interpreters and signed language interpreters. Previous comparative research on the ethical and professional principles of interpreting, as contained in the two codes of ethics applicable to spoken or signed language interpreters, shows the universality of ethics. This follows not only from the academic need to classify and unify norms, but also from the social manifestation that, regardless of the language pair, ethics is a fundamental aspect of the profession. In the proposed code, the authors advocate a clear structure with a preamble and seven principles, which are provided with definitions and illustrated with possible ways of implementing the principles. The proposals may contribute to a discussion within the academic and professional communities about both a common code of ethics and ethics in the interpreter profession itself.
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Fu, Rongbo. "Translating like a conduit? A sociosemiotic analysis of modality in Chinese government press conference interpreting." Semiotica 2018, no. 221 (March 26, 2018): 175–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2015-0035.
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AbstractThis paper is a corpus-based sociosemiotic inquiry into the translation of linguistic modality in government press conferences in the Chinese context, with an eye to its indication of interpreter’s identity. Viewing translation (including interpreting) as a process of social semiosis, the paper draws on theoretical insights from Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) and applies them to the analysis of modality in both English and Chinese – the language pair that concerns the present research. Results of the study show that, while modality distribution in the two languages are basically maintained at the same level, interchangeable uses between volitive and obligatory subtypes of modality plus the general increase of modality value in interpreted vis-à-vis source speeches indicate that interpreters are not deprived of mediating latitude which is believed to contradict their prescriptive stereotypes. Also, exemplary parallel concordance analysis of modality reveals that interpreters adopt various solutions to translating the same modal element. Further, the paper proposes a taxonomy for the analysis of modality shifts in interpreter-mediated encounters, with illustrative cases of each subclass examined and discussed. The findings are expected to shed light on the interpreter’s identity in political institutional settings.
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Warnicke, Camilla, and Charlotta Plejert. "The positioning and bimodal mediation of the interpreter in a Video Relay Interpreting (VRI) service setting." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 18, no. 2 (October 21, 2016): 198–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.18.2.03war.
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This study explores the interpreter’s positioning in a Video Relay Interpreting (VRI) service that offers bimodal mediation between people using Swedish Sign Language (SSL) and people using spoken Swedish. Positioning subsumes the ways in which interpreters orient themselves to the contingencies of the setting on a moment-by-moment basis, in relation to the impact of technology, participants’ knowledge asymmetries (e.g., prior experience of VRI), their physical separation, and the need for two arenas (visual and auditive). The interpreting is bimodal, each of the two users being in direct contact with the interpreter through a different medium (telephone for one, videophone for the other). Nine excerpts from two calls within the VRI service serve as examples to show how the interpreter’s positioning emerges dynamically in relation to contingent variables of the setting, such as the initial importance of briefing users on the service, temporary loss of sound and image, the perceived need to inform either user of extralinguistic items, or situational awareness that it is time to conclude the interaction. This new research perspective on VRI can afford a better understanding of its moment-by-moment complexity and specificities, thus helping improve it and train interpreters better for it.
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Hunt, Xanthe, and Leslie Swartz. "Psychotherapy with a language interpreter: considerations and cautions for practice." South African Journal of Psychology 47, no. 1 (August 2, 2016): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0081246316650840.
Full textAbstract:
We examine the extent to which psychotherapy can be successfully conducted with the aid of an interpreter. We propose that, even if we assume idealistic levels of training on the part of the interpreter and the therapist, and openness on the part of the client, there are still many challenges inherent in interpreter-assisted therapy. We focus on some of the characteristics common to client experiences of effective psychotherapy, as well as the characteristics and habits of effective therapists, and show how the insertion of an interpreter into the therapeutic relationship could affect both. Where the literature provides, we also note steps which could be taken to minimise the harmful impacts and maximise the positive contributions which the therapist–interpreter–client dynamic could yield. In South Africa, where informal interpreters play the invaluable role of facilitating essential communication between psychotherapists and their clients, it is imperative that informal interpreters, and clinicians working with interpreters, are aware of some of the complex issues at play in interpreted interactions. The issue of interpreting in mental health care is commonly addressed only in regard to the question of the competence of interpreters; we suggest that attitudinal and skill issues are equally important for clinicians. We conclude that successful therapy with an interpreter necessitates a consideration of the dynamic interaction between all parties involved.
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Leanza, Yvan. "Roles of community interpreters in pediatrics as seen by interpreters, physicians and researchers." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 7, no. 2 (November 9, 2005): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.7.2.03lea.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is an attempt at defining more clearly the various roles of community interpreters and the processes implicitly connected with each of them. While the role of the interpreter is a subject that has been widely discussed in the social science literature, it is less present in the biomedical one, which tends to emphasize the importance of interpreting in overcoming language barriers, rather than as a means of building bridges between patients and physicians. Hence, studies looking at interpreted medical interactions suggest that the presence of an interpreter is more beneficial to the healthcare providers than to the patient. This statement is illustrated by the results of a recent study in a pediatric outpatient clinic in Switzerland. It is suggested that, in the consultations, interpreters act mainly as linguistic agents and health system agents and rarely as community agents. This is consistent with the pediatricians’ view of the interpreter as mainly a translating machine. A new typology of the varying roles of the interpreter is proposed, outlining the relation to cultural differences maintained therein. Some recommendations for the training of interpreters and healthcare providers are suggested.
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Gray, Ben, Jo Hilder, and Maria Stubbe. "How to use interpreters in general practice: the development of a New Zealand toolkit." Journal of Primary Health Care 4, no. 1 (2012): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hc12052.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT: New Zealand is becoming more ethnically diverse, with more limited English proficiency (LEP) people. Consequently there are more primary care consultations where patients have insufficient English to communicate adequately. Because effective communication is essential for good care, interpreters are needed in such cases. ASSESSMENT OF PROBLEM: The literature on the use of interpreters in health care includes the benefits of using both trained interpreters (accuracy, confidentiality, ethical behaviour) and untrained interpreters (continuity, trust, patient resistance to interpreter). There is little research on the actual pattern of use of interpreters. RESULTS: Our research documented a low use of trained interpreters, despite knowledge of the risks of untrained interpreters and a significant use of untrained interpreters where clinicians felt that the communication was acceptable. A review of currently available guidelines and toolkits showed that most insist on always using a trained interpreter, without addressing the cost or availability. None were suitable for direct use in New Zealand general practice. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENT: We produced a toolkit consisting of flowcharts, scenarios and information boxes to guide New Zealand practices through the structure, processes and outcomes of their practice to improve communication with LEP patients. This paper describes this toolkit and the links to the evidence, and argues that every consultation with LEP patients requires clinical judgement as to the type of interpreting needed. LESSONS: Primary care practitioners need understanding about when trained interpreters are required. KEYWORDS: Communication barriers; primary health care; New Zealand; quality of health care; professionalpatient relations; cultural competency
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Kurz, Ingrid, Doris Chiba, Vera Medinskaya, and Martina Pastore. "Translators and interpreters: different learning styles?" Across Languages and Cultures 1, no. 1 (September 24, 2000): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/acr.1.2000.1.6.
Full textAbstract:
Even though learning styles are not a new research topic, little attention has been paid so far to their potential significance for the training of translators and interpreters. Following a brief review of the literature, the authors present the results of an investigation into learning style preferences of translator and interpreter students by means of the Kolb Learning Style Inventory. Their hypotheses that (a) translator and interpreter students differ in their learning style preferences and (b) interpreter students and professional interpreters show similar learning styles could be confirmed.