Journal articles on the topic 'Interpreter certification'
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Han, Chao, and Helen Slatyer. "Test validation in interpreter certification performance testing." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 18, no. 2 (October 21, 2016): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.18.2.04han.
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Over the past decade, interpreter certification performance testing has gained momentum. Certification tests often involve high stakes, since they can play an important role in regulating access to professional practice and serve to provide a measure of professional competence for end users. The decision to award certification is based on inferences from candidates’ test scores about their knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as their interpreting performance in a given target domain. To justify the appropriateness of score-based inferences and actions, test developers need to provide evidence that the test is valid and reliable through a process of test validation. However, there is little evidence that test qualities are systematically evaluated in interpreter certification testing. In an attempt to address this problem, this paper proposes a theoretical argument-based validation framework for interpreter certification performance tests so as to guide testers in carrying out systematic validation research. Before presenting the framework, validity theory is reviewed, and an examination of the argument-based approach to validation is provided. A validity argument for interpreter tests is then proposed, with hypothesized validity evidence. Examples of evidence are drawn from relevant empirical work, where available. Gaps in the available evidence are highlighted and suggestions for research are made.
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Han, Chao. "Investigating rater severity/leniency in interpreter performance testing." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 17, no. 2 (September 3, 2015): 255–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.17.2.05han.
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Rater-mediated performance assessment (RMPA) is a critical component of interpreter certification testing systems worldwide. Given the acknowledged rater variability in RMPA and the high-stakes nature of certification testing, it is crucial to ensure rater reliability in interpreter certification performance testing (ICPT). However, a review of current ICPT practice indicates that rigorous research on rater reliability is lacking. Against this background, the present study reports on use of multifaceted Rasch measurement (MFRM) to identify the degree of severity/leniency in different raters’ assessments of simultaneous interpretations (SIs) by 32 interpreters in an experimental setting. Nine raters specifically trained for the purpose were asked to evaluate four English-to-Chinese SIs by each of the interpreters, using three 8-point rating scales (information content, fluency, expression). The source texts differed in speed and in the speaker’s accent (native vs non-native). Rater-generated scores were then subjected to MFRM analysis, using the FACETS program. The following general trends emerged: 1) homogeneity statistics showed that not all raters were equally severe overall; and 2) bias analyses showed that a relatively large proportion of the raters had significantly biased interactions with the interpreters and the assessment criteria. Implications for practical rating arrangements in ICPT, and for rater training, are discussed.
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Han, Chao. "Building the validity foundation for interpreter certification performance testing." Interpreter and Translator Trainer 10, no. 2 (May 3, 2016): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1750399x.2016.1204883.
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Jones, Bernhardt E., Gary M. Clark, and Donald F. Soltz. "Characteristics and Practices of Sign Language Interpreters in Inclusive Education Programs." Exceptional Children 63, no. 2 (January 1997): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440299706300209.
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This study was designed to determine (a) the demographic characteristics and responsibilities of educational sign language interpreters within the K-12 public school system in the United States; (b) the mode of communication they use most frequently; and (c) their education and certification levels. Surveys were completed by 222 educational sign language interpreters in three states. Results showed the lack of certification and adequate training for the majority of respondents, as well as inadequate minority/gender representation, among other concerns. The study raised questions about the dependence of students who are deaf or hard of hearing on the educational interpreter support system. Recommendations for educational practice are presented.
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Clifford, Andrew. "Putting the exam to the test." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2005): 97–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.7.1.06cli.
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In this article, the author makes a distinction between the quality-oriented assessment prevalent in translation and interpreting and the psychometric evaluation common in other disciplines. He suggests that the latter is a more appropriate approach for interpreter certification, an assessment situation where inferential decisions are made. He demonstrates how such research might be carried out in interpreting by validating both an existing conference interpreter certification test and a new test constructed according to measurement and evaluation principles.
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Bozko-Cace, Margarita, and Lāsma Drozde. "COURT INTERPRETER IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS." Administrative and Criminal Justice 4, no. 85 (May 21, 2019): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v4i85.3669.
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Court interpreter plays a specific and important role, which is often underestimated in criminal proceedings. One of human rights’ aspects deals with ensuring a high-quality translation in order to make the procedure available for a person, who does not understand the proceedings language, ensure one’s rights and administer justice. The aim of the study is to find out the legal ground of court interpreter’s activity in criminal proceedings, to reveal and analyse related issues. In the article, the authors reveal topical issues linked to legal regulation concerning court interpreters and offer solutions. Namely, to ensure efficiency of court interpreter’s work, a judge should create as beneficial working conditions for an interpreter as possible, make breaks every 2 hours during court hearings, speakers (judges, prosecutors, lawyers, specialists, experts) should be trained in the field of public speech and how to work with an interpreter as well as court rooms should be ensured with modern interpreting equipment. In order to introduce single practice and deliver highquality translations in Latvian courts, there is a need in development of training and certification system for court interpreters and a special normative act regulating the legal activity of court interpreters, what would be a good basis for elaboration of court interpreters’ register.
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Landa, Rosemary Liñan, and M. Diane Clark. "Effective Assessments for Interpreter Education Programs to Increase Pass Rates for Certification." Psychology 09, no. 03 (2018): 340–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2018.93021.
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Lee, Jieun. "Conflicting views on court interpreting examined through surveys of legal professionals and court interpreters." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 11, no. 1 (February 23, 2009): 35–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.11.1.04lee.
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This survey-based study examined the views of 226 legal professionals and 36 interpreting practitioners in Australia with respect to the role of the court interpreter and the quality of interpreting and revealed a statistically significant gap between the perceptions of the two professional groups. Both groups, however, were ambivalent in relation to some practical aspects of court interpreting, such as cultural intervention and the reproduction of speech style. The findings indicate that legal professionals generally held a favourable view of the overall quality of court interpreting. Both groups supported specialist certification for court interpreters.
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Han, Chao. "Investigating Score Dependability in English/Chinese Interpreter Certification Performance Testing: A Generalizability Theory Approach." Language Assessment Quarterly 13, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2016.1211132.
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Pagura, Reynaldo J. "An overview of assessment in interpreting." Letras & Letras 35, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ll63-v35n2-2019-8.
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This article suggests that the interpreter education community would benefit from cross-fertilization with the language testing community, which has been around much longer. The main principles used in testing speaking (or communicative competence) developed along the last decades by language testing experts and institutions can – and should – be applied to the testing of interpreter performance, mainly in high stakes examinations, such as those used for certification, employment at an international institution, or graduation from an educational program. The concept and some relevant studies concerning the notion of quality in professional interpretation are also discussed and suggested as ancillary help to build the constructs used in said examinations.
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Bodzer, Anca. "Cynthia Giambruno (ed.) 2014. Assessing Legal Interpreter Quality through Testing and Certification: The QUALITAS Project." FITISPos International Journal 2 (April 27, 2015): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/fitispos-ij.2015.2.0.86.
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Setton, Robin, and Alice Guo Liangliang. "Attitudes to role, status and professional identity in interpreters and translators with Chinese in Shanghai and Taipei." Translation and Interpreting Studies 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 210–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.4.2.05set.
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China’s sudden emergence as a major player in the global economy has generated enormous new demand for translation and interpreting. With the development of formal training, certification and research activity, both mainland China and Taiwan are seeing the first signs of professionalization. This article reports the findings of a survey, the first of its kind, on patterns of professional practice, self-perceptions, job satisfaction and aspirations of translators and interpreters in Shanghai and Taipei and their perceptions of their role and contribution at a time when English and Chinese look set to become the languages of the twenty-first century. In terms of professional identity, most respondents choose the generic term 翻译 fanyi (‘translation’) to describe their main occupation, with slightly more specification among interpreters (as 口译 kouyi, ‘interpreter’). Only a small minority are members of professional associations. Job satisfaction is high, particularly among interpreters, who enjoy higher status. Views about training, testing and certification are mixed. Attitudes to loyalty, neutrality, toning-down and other role-related norms appear to be close to the international professional consensus, pending future contrastive studies; most respondents express a down-to-earth attitude to their role and contribution to society, downplaying ‘cultural mediation.’ The survey was planned and conducted as a practical introductory exercise in the methodologies of interpreting studies within the PhD program at the Graduate Institute of Interpretation and Translation (GIIT) of Shanghai International Studies University (SISU).
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Andrew, D. Carver, Cem M. Basman, and John G. Lee. "Assessing the Non-Market Value of Heritage Interpretation." Journal of Interpretation Research 8, no. 1 (April 2003): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720300800107.
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Quantifying the value-added service which interpreters provide is crucial in protecting and managing all of our important resources. Unlike most private goods and services which have an observed price, most historic, cultural, or natural resources represent non-market goods. While researchers have traditionally used tourist spending combined with input-output models to estimate the value of non-market resources, this technique does not adequately capture the value of interpretive services. The primary purpose of this article is to present a general economic framework which can be used to assess the value of heritage interpretation. An economic model is presented to illustrate graphically how one could measure the total and marginal social value of interpretation. An overview of different non-market valuation techniques and a discussion of how economic values relate to an interpretive process model is also provided. The article concludes with an economic perspective on the issue of interpreter certification.
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Han, Chao. "Using rating scales to assess interpretation." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 20, no. 1 (April 26, 2018): 63–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.00003.han.
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Abstract Over the past decade, interpretation assessment has played an increasingly important role in interpreter education, professional certification, and interpreting research. The time-honored assessment method is based on analysis of (para)linguistic features of interpretation (including such items as omissions, substitutions, un/filled pauses and self-corrections). Recently, use of descriptor-based rating scales to assess interpretation has emerged as a viable alternative (e.g., Angelelli 2009; Han 2015, 2016; J. Lee 2008; Tiselius 2009), arguably providing a basis for reliable, valid and practical assessments. However, little work has been done in interpreting studies to ascertain the assumed benefits of this emerging assessment practice. Based on 17 international peer-reviewed journals over the last twelve years (2004–2015), and other related publications (e.g., scholarly books, reports, documents), this article provides an overview of practices in scale-based interpretation assessment, focusing on four major aspects: (a) rating scales; (b) raters; (c) rating procedures; (d) reporting of assessment outcomes. Problem areas and possible emerging trends in interpretation assessment are examined, identifying a number of future research needs.
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Mikos v. Rohrscheidt, Armin. "REGIONAL TOURIST GUIDE-INTEPRETER – A NECESSITY CHALLENGE AND CHANCE IN POLISH TOURISM." Folia Turistica 54 (March 31, 2020): 69–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0513.
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Purpose. The research problems are: assessing effectiveness regarding the work of tour guides as important components of tourist services in reception regions and the issue of maintaining the demand for their services in conditions changed due to the deregulation of the tour guide and heritage guide professions. In this context, the author proposes to create a new type of service provider that combines the functions of a tour guide and heritage interpreter with regard to regions. The paper aims to justify the usefulness of this service for tourism stakeholders, to present the scope of responsibilities and competences of such a guide and to collect the recommendations regarding the process of its introduction. Method. The work is based on a status analysis of tour guiding and tourist heritage interpretation services after their deregulation in Poland. It also regards a comparative survey of their functioning in selected countries, where such regulation did not exist. This is connected with the author's experience as a guide, heritage interpreter and organiser of both services. Findings. The analyses show that the introduction of a new type of service providers will better adapt the tasks of guides to the heritage structure in a typical Polish region, as well as contribute to the efficiency of work and economic profitability. It will also allow to maintain and even increase the demand for services from tour operators, providers of individual tourism packages as well as local and regional tourism management organisations (DMOs), which will also facilitate the activities of this group of entities. Research and conclusions limitations. The effects of implementing the proposed solution may have more intense impact in regions with stronger identity and heritage cohesion as well as with a larger and better organised staff of guides and interpreters. Therefore, it is possible to limit its use in the first stage to such regions in Poland, which are indicated. Practical implications. The analysis can be important for the Polish tour guide staff and heritage interpreters working for the benefit of cultural tourists, as well as for the Destinations Management Organisations in Poland. The introduction of the proposed solutions should result in an increase of the demand for the services of guides and interpreters as well as maintaining or increasing the importance of their certification as proof of the qualifications and quality of their services. Originality. Due to the novelty of the proposed solutions, there are no equivalents in Polish literature on the subject. For the first time, the cultural intermediation and heritage interpretation has been presented as the topic of the recommended joint venture of professional guide organisations, area managers of tourism products and local/regional governments in the field of tourism management. Type of work. The article is a conceptual study, based on case analysis.
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Pöchhacker, Franz. "'Getting Organized'." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 4, no. 1 (December 31, 1999): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.4.1.11poc.
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Based on a broad definition of the concept of community interpreting, the paper gives an overview of the development of community-based interpreting as a profession since the 1960s. Reviewing both the field of sign language interpreting and spoken-language community interpreting in the context of migration, major elements in the process of professionalization are described with reference to selected examples. The overall picture is one of great diversity of approaches, constraints and responses to the challenge of intra-social interpreting needs throughout the world, shaped by the variable interplay of factors like the existence of legal provisions, institutional arrangements for interpreter service delivery, an authority-driven or profession-based system of accreditation or certification more or less specifying standards of practice and professional ethics, training programs within (or outside) the established public system of higher education, and a professional organization more or less inclusive of various types of interpreting activity. Typically, interpreting services 'get organized' (by institutions or community agencies) before practitioners get organized to shape their professional terms of reference, and much progress in the evolution of community interpreting is still to be made.
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Laurel, Jacob, Rem Yang, Shubham Ugare, Robert Nagel, Gagandeep Singh, and Sasa Misailovic. "A general construction for abstract interpretation of higher-order automatic differentiation." Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages 6, OOPSLA2 (October 31, 2022): 1007–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3563324.
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We present a novel, general construction to abstractly interpret higher-order automatic differentiation (AD). Our construction allows one to instantiate an abstract interpreter for computing derivatives up to a chosen order. Furthermore, since our construction reduces the problem of abstractly reasoning about derivatives to abstractly reasoning about real-valued straight-line programs, it can be instantiated with almost any numerical abstract domain, both relational and non-relational. We formally establish the soundness of this construction. We implement our technique by instantiating our construction with both the non-relational interval domain and the relational zonotope domain to compute both first and higher-order derivatives. In the latter case, we are the first to apply a relational domain to automatic differentiation for abstracting higher-order derivatives, and hence we are also the first abstract interpretation work to track correlations across not only different variables, but different orders of derivatives. We evaluate these instantiations on multiple case studies, namely robustly explaining a neural network and more precisely computing a neural network’s Lipschitz constant. For robust interpretation, first and second derivatives computed via zonotope AD are up to 4.76× and 6.98× more precise, respectively, compared to interval AD. For Lipschitz certification, we obtain bounds that are up to 11,850× more precise with zonotopes, compared to the state-of-the-art interval-based tool.
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Javadi, Yaghoob, and Tahereh Khezrab. "A Model of Certification Programs for Certified Translators and Interpreters." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1001.18.
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The main part of a certification program is related to its exam, and it should be developed and assessed. For this purpose, two questions come to the mind: (1) Could the translators and interpreters accepted by the Certified Examination represent reasonable capabilities in doing certified translation and interpreting?; (2) What or Which type of test determines the best professional translators and interpreters possessing the best competence and skills? Finally, a variety of assessments can be followed to justify different kinds of testing systems or certification programs in order to design a general framework of a certification program.
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Skyba, Kateryna. "Translators and Interpreters Certification in Australia, Canada, the Usа and Ukraine: Comparative Analysis." Comparative Professional Pedagogy 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rpp-2014-0036.
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Abstract The article presents an overview of the certification process by which potential translators and interpreters demonstrate minimum standards of performance to warrant official or professional recognition of their ability to translate or interpret and to practice professionally in Australia, Canada, the USA and Ukraine. The aim of the study is to research and to compare the certification procedures of translators and interpreters in Australia, Canada, the USA and Ukraine; to outline possible avenues of creating a certification system network in Ukraine. It has been revealed that there is great variation in minimum requirements for practice, availability of training facilities and formal bodies that certify practitioners and that monitor and advance specialists’ practices in the countries. Certification can be awarded by governmental or non-governmental organizations or associations of professionals in the field of translation/interpretation. Testing has been acknowledged as the usual avenue for candidates to gain certification. There are less popular grounds to get certification such as: completed training, presentation of previous relevant experience, and/or recommendations from practicing professionals or service-user. The comparative analysis has revealed such elements of the certification procedures and national conventions in the researched countries that may form a basis for Ukrainian translators/interpreters certifying system and make it a part of a cross-national one.
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Zervaki, Thei. "Comparing the Court and Medical Interpreters in the USA: the certification process." International Journal of Language, Translation and Intercultural Communication 5 (October 6, 2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/ijltic.10662.
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<p>The scope of the paper is to provide information on the current Court and Medical Interpreting certification process in the USA. It includes information on the administrative aspects of certification for both Courts and Healthcare institutions. In the United States of America, the term Community Interpreting is not commonly used. There are two major types of interpretation: Court and Medical. The first is offered in US State and Federal courts to all LEP clients; the second is offered to the Healthcare Institutions as hospitals, healthcare<br />centers and clinics to name a few. As the space is limited for this authoring, the paper won’t include data and statistics from different states that showcase and document success and failure rates of the certification examinations. This<br />may well be the topic of a different paper. This paper does not include information on the Court Interpreting for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.</p>
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Repa, Jindra. "Training and Certification of Court Interpreters in a Multicultural Society." Meta 36, no. 4 (September 30, 2002): 595–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/003939ar.
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Résumé Étant donné le caractère multiculturel de la société, le Canada doit se doter de systèmes de formation, d'accréditation et de reconnaissance des interprètes "de tribunaux". Depuis 15 ans, de nombreux efforts ont été faits en ce sens, particulièrement en Colombie Britannique où les programmes de formation se sont diversifiés. Les Britanno-Colombiens ont également aidé les Ontariens à mettre en place leur programme de formation et à identifier les étapes pour l'amélioration des services d'interprétation devant les tribunaux. Des efforts importants sont faits pour faire reconnaître la profession.
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Sígolo, Cássia, and Kate Mamhy Oliveira Kumada. "Tradutor e Intérprete da Língua Brasileira de Sinais: Caracterização do Perfil Solicitado em Processos Seletivos no Estado de São Paulo." Revista de Ensino, Educação e Ciências Humanas 18, no. 4 (January 22, 2018): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2447-8733.2017v18n4p445-450.
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Conforme prevê o Decreto nº 5.626/2005, o profissional Tradutor e Intérprete de Língua de Sinais (TILS) (Libras/Português) deve ter o conhecimento e a proficiência em situações em que seja necessária a tradução envolvendo a Língua Brasileira de Sinais (Libras) e a Língua Portuguesa, apresentando as habilidades e as competências necessárias aos processos de tradução entre as duas línguas, considerando as especificidades linguísticas e culturais do surdo. Partindo desse pressuposto, o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar a formação e requisitos solicitados em concursos públicos para o cargo de TILS no Estado de São Paulo na última década, fazendo um paralelo entre as legislações que subsidiam o aluno com surdez, sobretudo aquelas que regulamentam a profissão de TILS. Pôde-se observar que a procura pelo TILS no mercado de trabalho se amplia a cada dia, em consequência do acesso dos surdos a diversos espaços do meio social, sobretudo, nos contextos escolares e acadêmicos. Sobre a formação e atribuições solicitadas para a vaga de TILS predominou na maioria dos editais a exigência pela certificação feita pelo PROLIBRAS (somada ou não à formação em nível superior), em consonância com as exigências legais. Cabe destacar, ainda, que grande parte dos editais não solicitou conhecimentos mínimos sobre técnicas de interpretação, o que pode prejudicar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos alunos surdos que perpassa pela mediação do TILS no espaço educacional. Desse modo, foi evidenciada ausência de diretrizes nas atribuições e na formação solicitadas para a atuação do TILS, o que compromete diretamente a qualidade e êxito da educação dos surdos.Palavras-chave: Língua Brasileira de Sinais. Educação de Surdos. Formação. Tradutor e Intérprete.AbstractAs provided in Decree 5.626/2005, the professional Sign Language Translator and Interpreter (TILS) (Libras - Brazilian Sign Language /Portuguese) should have the knowledge and proficiency in situations where the translation is necessary involving Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) and Portuguese, presenting the necessary skills and abilities for the translation process between the two languages, considering the linguistic and cultural specificities of the deaf. Based on this assumption, the aim of this study was to analyze the formation and requirements requested in public exams for the position of TILS in the state of São Paulo in the last decade, making a parallel between the laws that support the student with hearing loss, especially those regulating the profession of TILS. It was observed that the demand for TILS in the job market expands every day as a result of the access of the deaf people to various areas of the social environment, especially in school and academic contexts. On the formation and functions required for TILS job openings, prevailed in most of the public notices the requirement for certification by PROLIBRAS (added or not to higher education degree), in accordance with legal requirements. It is also worth observing that much of the notices did not request minimum knowledge of interpretation techniques, which could affect the teaching- learning process of deaf students going through the mediation of TILS in the educational space. Thus, it was evidenced the absence of guidelines on assignments and required degrees for the TILS performance, which directly affects the quality and success of deaf education.Keywords: Brazilian Sign Language. Deaf Education. Graduation. Translator and Interpreter.
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Fernandez, Alicia, and Yael Schenker. "Time to establish national standards and certification for health care interpreters." Patient Education and Counseling 78, no. 2 (February 2010): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.12.008.
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Wahyuningrum, Widia. "ANALISIS CSR DAN GCG TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN DENGAN ISO STANDAR SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG LISTING DI LQ45)." Behavioral Accounting Journal 2, no. 1 (November 29, 2019): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33005/baj.v2i1.35.
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This study aims to test Corporate Social Responsibility and Good Corporate Governance on the company's financial performance, testing the effect of ISO on company performance. This type of research is quantitative research. Through this research the researcher tries to test the financial performance of the company that is listing in LQ 45 which is influenced by Corporate Social Responsibility, Good Corporate Governance, and ISO Standard 14001. The results showed that GCG had a significant effect on Tobins Q, so that it can be interpreted that companies that implement GCG can help companies improve their financial performance. CSR has no significant effect on Tobins Q. It can be interpreted that CSR focuses more on the problems that might arise on the external company and does not have a direct influence on financial performance. GCG has a significant effect on ISO, this can be interpreted when companies that implement GCG and are accompanied by obtaining ISO certification, will be able to help each other in creating good governance for the company. CSR has no significant effect on ISO. It can be interpreted that companies that implement CSR have no influence on the ISO certification that the company has. ISO has an effect on Tobins Q. It can be interpreted that companies that have ISO certification can have a positive effect on the company's financial performance.
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이, 준범. "증권관련집단소송 사건 중 집단소송허가절차에 관한 한국과 미국 법리 비교연구." Korea Association of the Law of Civil Procedure 26, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 321–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30639/cp.2022.6.26.2.321.
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The U. S. Supreme Court has decided four judgments in the past 10 years on the issues of the securities class action certification. Securities class action cases under Section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5 are actively filed in the United States. Under Basic Inc. v. Levinson, the plaintiffs are no longer required to prove individual reliance. This rule allowed the U.S. investor class to be more easily certified in a Rule 10b-5 securities class action.
In Korea, the Securities-related Class Action Act was enacted.
Although securities-related class actions were not actively filed, there were some cases where the Supreme Court of Korea interpreted the rule on class action certification. Under the rule interpreted by the Supreme Court of Korea, the requirements to be certified as a class are different from that of the United States.
In the United States, plaintiffs in a securities fraud class action frequently submit event studies at the class certification stage. However, Korean plaintiffs are not required to submit an event study at the class certification stage in a typical stock price drop class action.
This is because, as the article discusses, the substantive securities law and the class certification rule differs from that of the United States.
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Mahdavi, Ardeshir, and Christiane Berger. "An inquiry into the certification potential of built environments’ affordance." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 02043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911102043.
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Buildings are typically equipped with a number of elements and devices (e.g., windows, blinds, luminaires, radiators) to control indoor environmental conditions. The availability, effectiveness, and usability of control devices and their interfaces constitute an essential aspect of built environments’ quality. This aspect has been sometimes referred to as indoor-environmental “affordance” (or “ecological valency”) and can be interpreted as a descriptor of buildings’ responsiveness toward inhabitants’ needs and requirements. However, in contrast to some other building quality aspects such as energy efficiency, there is a lack of systematic evaluation or certifications procedures for objective characterization of indoor environments’ affordance as related to the availability and effectiveness of control devices and their human interfaces. This paper entails an exploration of the potential for and associated challenges of designing and implementing affordance measurement and certification procedures. Challenges include, above all, assigning relative weights and coefficient values to different domains (e.g., thermal, visual, acoustical), devices, and levels of their effectiveness. Irrespective of their success to date, attempts toward operationalization of indoor-environmental affordance can be quite beneficial: The affordance framework can offer a systematic, intuitive, and compact framework to guide the workflow toward the provision and maintenance of adequate indoor environments for human occupancy.
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Semko, Zh O. "METHODS, PROCEDURES, PRACTICES AND RULES OF CARRYING OUT CERTIFICATION IN THE CERTIFICATION SYSTEM OF RAILCAR BUILDING PRODUCTS." Railbound Rolling Stock, no. 22 (2021): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47675/2304-6309-2021-22-105-114.
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After adoption of the Law of Ukraine On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment, and, in connection with the transition from mandatory certification in the state system to the sphere of technical regulation, the bodies that carry out activities on product certification were facing the need to create their own certification systems. On the one hand, this is a necessity step, and on the other, it is the acquisition of some freedoms in the choice of the methodology for carrying out certification work; the possibility of improving activities; promoting the development of promising areas within the scope of accreditation; enhanced functionality. In this case, the above-mentioned positive aspects of creating the own certification system, which, by the way, may differ from other systems, provide conditions for the certification body to be very responsible for the decisions made on the conformity of certified products. The purpose of this article is to provide information on methodological approaches to the creation, development and improvement of the Certification System for railcar building products. In general, the creation of a certification system for railcar-building products took place during the period of formation of the UkrSEPRO certification system. But during this period in Ukraine national standards of the 3400 series were put into effect, in which the basic principles, rules, requirements and structure of the UkrSEPRO certification system were specified. The modern approach to product conformity assessment, introduced in the field of technical regulation, did not destroy certification at all, as incompetent representatives of the mass media imagine it, but endowed it with a different status and place in the conformity assessment system. Furthermore, according to the Law of Ukraine “On Technical Regulations and Conformity Assessment”, the term "certification" is interpreted as "confirmation of conformity by a third party in relation to products, processes, services, systems or personnel." At the same time, in accordance with this law, the term “conformity assessment system” is defined as “rules, procedures and management for carrying out conformity assessment”. Key words: certification system, technical regulations, conformity assessment, certification body, principles, rules, certification procedure.
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Saleh, Yopa Taufik. "Sertifikasi untuk Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru." NATURALISTIC : Jurnal Kajian Penelitian Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2017): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35568/naturalistic.v1i1.42.
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The low quality of education in Indonesia cannot be separated from the low quality of teachers. To achieve qualified teachers, so it needs the effective of teacher management start from the appointment, the placement, the induction, the welfare, and the teacher professional development. The certification program is one of government programs to increase the teachers’ professionalism. However, this certification program was responded vary by teachers. Some of them respond it with sincerity and other consider it just as other policies. Meanwhile, the teacher certification could be interpreted as the government's efforts in providing education certificates to the teachers and lecturers who have met certain requirements, including academic qualifications, competence, professional in the field of education with the aim to increase learning motivation and teachers’ welfare. Certification is a government program in increasing the teachers’ motivation and professionalism. Thus, it is expected to be able to solve any problems in education world.
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Bernstein, Jared, and Isabella Barbier. "Design and development parameters for a rapid automatic screening test for prospective simultaneous interpreters." Interpreting. International Journal of Research and Practice in Interpreting 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.5.2.09ber.
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It would be convenient if a candidate interested in a career in simultaneous interpreting could take a test that would accurately indicate whether or not that person has the aptitude and skills required to start a course in simultaneous interpreting with a reasonable chance of success. This paper suggests that a reliable and efficient testing procedure valid for this use, taking less than an hour to administer and score, could be delivered on demand at a reasonable cost. The paper first proposes such a testing procedure, building on existing techniques in spoken language testing, then outlines the development steps and material needed to build, calibrate, and validate such a testing system. The development of this testing procedure would result in a completely automatic instrument for selecting candidates for admission to interpretation training programs. Other potential uses for the procedure would include both monitoring student progress during training and screening candidates for certification exams, although details of the item selection and scoring might differ across the three uses.
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van Leeuwen, Barend. "From Status to Impact, and the Role of National Legislation: The Application of Article 34 TFEU to a Private Certification Organisation in Fra.bo." European Journal of Risk Regulation 4, no. 3 (September 2013): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00002713.
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In Fra.bo, it was held by the Court of Justice of the European Union (“CJEU”) that “Article 28 EC must be interpreted as meaning that it applies to standardisation and certification activities of a private-law body, where the national legislation considers the products certified by that body to be compliant with national law and that has the effect of restricting the marketing of products which are not certified by that body” (author's headnote).
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WANG, Xiaohui, Li ZHU, Cheng CHE, Li LIANG, and Qinglin MA. "Study on safety design and analysis method for electrical wiring interconnection system." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 40, no. 3 (June 2022): 690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20224030690.
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A safety assessment for electrical wiring interconnection system (EWIS) was required, since the 4th revision of CCAR-25. At present, there is no systematic safety assessment method, which affects the airworthiness certification of military and civil aircraft. According to the safety assessment requirements, the requirements of new regulation 25.1709 were interpreted. Combining with the current situation of military and civil aircraft, the safety design and analysis method was established, and the safety verification technology was expanded, which can effectively identify the potential safety hazards of EWIS. Through the development of reasonable and effective mitigation to avoid the occurrence of the potential safety hazards, it can provide support and certification for airworthiness. Taking the thrust reverse system as an example, the safety application method of quantitative and qualitative for EWIS was explored. The results show that the proposed EWIS safety design and analysis method can effectively identify the potential safety hazards, and guide the safety design of EWIS.
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Vermeiren, Hildegard. "What Interpreters in the EU Should Know About Legislation: The Case of Belgium and the Netherlands." FITISPos International Journal 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 183–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/fitispos-ij.2019.6.1.200.
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Abstract: The interpreting profession weaves its way through a tangled web of legal provisions. Especially in the areas of immigration, the court, the police or social services, third-party rights play an important role, and language assistance is needed to act following the law. Freelance interpreters are contracted. These interpreters have opted for entrepreneurship and private-law relationships with their clients. The public-law sphere, however, is very much a part of their activities, through their training, certification, fees they earn, but also taxation. Due to growing professionalization, higher demands are being placed on interpreters. Requirements nowadays are much stricter than an oath of faithful translation. This paper discusses what starting public service interpreters need to know about legal provisions when starting their career as entrepreneurs in Belgium and the Netherlands.Resumen: En la profesión de intérprete se cruzan numerosas disposiciones legales. Especialmente en los sectores de inmigración, tribunales y servicios policiales o sociales, los derechos de terceros desempeñan un papel esencial, y la asistencia lingüística es importante para la legalidad de las acciones. Se contrata a intérpretes freelance. Estos han optado por hacerse autónomos y por las relaciones de derecho privado con sus clientes. Sin embargo, la esfera del derecho público está muy presente en sus vidas, a través de su formación, certificación, despliegue, tarifación e impuestos. Debido a la creciente profesionalización del sector, el nivel exigido a los intérpretes es cada vez superior. Hoy en día, los criterios son más estrictos que el tradicional juramento de fidelidad. Comentamos lo que los jóvenes intérpretes necesitan saber al lanzarse como emprendedores en Bélgica y los Países Bajos.
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Liu, Minhua, and Yu-Hsien Chiu. "Assessing source material difficulty for consecutive interpreting." China and Chinese 11, no. 2 (September 2, 2009): 244–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/intp.11.2.07liu.
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Motivated by the need for better control of standards of a certification examination for interpreters in Taiwan, this exploratory study aimed at identifying indicators that may be used to predict source material difficulty for consecutive interpreting. A combination of quantifiable measures — readability level, information density and new concept density — was used to examine different aspects of three English source materials. Expert judgment was also used as a more holistic method of judging source material difficulty. The results of these analyses were compared with two groups of student interpreters’ performance on consecutive interpreting of the source materials into Mandarin Chinese. The participants’ assessment of speech difficulty after the interpreting task was also compared with the other measures and the expert judgment. The quantifiable measures all failed statistically in predicting source material difficulty, possibly due to the very small sample size of the materials or to the fact that the materials were very similar in the aspects assessed by these measures. A trend emerged to suggest that information density and sentence length may be potentially useful indicators for predicting source material difficulty. It was also shown that source material difficulty affected the performance of lower-skilled interpreters more than that of higher-skilled interpreters.
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Erdös, Csaba. "Judicial protection and interpretation of the right to take part in a referendum – an overview of the jurisprudence of the Hungarian Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 16, no. 4 (2) (September 18, 2019): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1220.
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This paper gives an overview of the jurisprudence of the Hungarian Constitutional Court and the Supreme Court regarding the right to take part in a referendum. This is a fundamental right of political participation, not unlike the right to vote and to stand as a candidate in parliamentary elections. It being a genuine fundamental right, the Constitutional Court interpreted its authentic meaning and stipulated the most important constitutional requirements related to this right. One of the most important requirements was the establishment of a system of remedies, where the final decision on the certification of a question proposed for a referendum must be taken by the Constitutional Court. Parliament fulfilled this legislative requirement and since 1998 the Constitutional Court has controlled the constitutionality of the decisions taken by the National Election Committee on the certification of the referendum questions proposed. The 2013 Act on referendum transferred this competence to the Supreme Court. Since then, the Constitutional Court shall only decide referendum-cases which were submitted with the so-called ‘direct constitutional complaint’, an extraordinary type of constitutional remedy. The present paper compares these two remedy systems introduced for the protection of the right to take part in a referendum.
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Anggranei, Fitria Nur. "REALITAS KOMPETENSI GURU PASCA SERTIFIKASI." SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REFLECTION : Economic, Accounting, Management and Business 3, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v3i4.229.
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The world of education in Indonesia cannot be proud of itself, many international reports show the level of education in the middle category (for example UNDP & GTCI). In fact, this concern is bigger when looking at the facts on the ground, how many problems and shortages in Indonesian education are, and the most terrible thing is the quality of the teaching force. This study seeks to show evidence, how to portray the competence of educators in Indonesia. Can a certification program increase the knowledge and abilities of educators? This is the main topic of research. So that we can see, to what extent are the roles of the government, the ministry of education, the schools, and the teachers themselves, trying to improve their professionalism, so as to make a real contribution to realizing a smart and prosperous society. To that end, a qualitative approach was taken. Namely, a research process that uses an empirical approach, in order to reveal the real situation. The results showed that the certification program was not interpreted as an effort to increase competence, but rather to improve welfare
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Ivey, Jonathan R., and Robert D. Bixler. "Preparing to be an Interpretive Naturalist: Opinions from the Field." Journal of Interpretation Research 18, no. 1 (April 2013): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721301800108.
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This study documented the varying importance and availability of content and communication skills and certifications for entry-level interpretive naturalists, based on the perceptions of experienced interpreters. A web-based survey was sent to (n=867) interpreters. Responses were received from 308 interpreters. The five most important content skills were field ecology, field ornithology, conservation biology, field botany, and field mammalogy. The five most important communication skills were improvisational skills, understanding how children of different ages learn, ability to read an audience, good voice, and ability to write lesson plans/program outlines. Desired content skills were readily available in applicant pools for entry-level positions, but less so for communication skills. Results suggested general support for the National Association for Interpretation Certified Interpretive Guide and the National Park Service Interpretive Development Program. College professors advising students and persons wishing to enter the field of nature interpretation should make sure they develop the highly ranked skills, plus other less highly ranked skills that will help distinguish them from other applicants.
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Varner, C., S. L. McLeod, S. Hu, E. Bearss, A. Singwi, S. Lee, and B. Borgundvaag. "MP07: Office-based family physicians’ use of point of care ultrasound for early pregnancy complaints." CJEM 19, S1 (May 2017): S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2017.173.
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Introduction: In Canada, family physicians (FPs) provide the majority of early pregnancy care. To receive a same day US, most patients will be sent to the emergency department (ED). FPs are starting to use point of care ultrasound (POCUS) for a variety of indications. The FaMOUS course was modeled after the Canadian Emergency Ultrasound Society (CEUS) ED Echo (EDE) curriculum and adapted with permission for FPs. The objective of this study was to assess the indications for POCUS use in early pregnancy and determine the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS performed by FPs following FaMOUS certification to detect intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) and fetal cardiac activity (FCA). Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in 3 FP clinics from November 2015 to June 2016. Pregnant women <20 weeks gestational age who underwent a focused, transabdominal POCUS by a FaMOUS-certified FP using a handheld GE VScan were enrolled. FPs documented the presence or absence of IUP and FCA. The reference standard was radiologist-interpreted US performed after the FP POCUS. FPs were surveyed to assess provider confidence using POCUS and perceived impact on clinical decision-making. Results: Of 253 eligible patients, 56 (22.1%) underwent POCUS. Of these, 50 (89.3%) had a radiologist-interpreted US following the office-based FP visit. POCUS was used for the following indications: 11 (19.6%) had vaginal bleeding, 5 (8.9%) had abdominal pain, 7 (12.5%) had both vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, and the indication for 33 (58.9%) patients was unclear. All patients had a documented IUP, resulting in a sensitivity of 94.0% (95% CI: 83.5%, 98.5%) and 100% positive predictive value. FCA resulted in sensitivity of 82.9% (95% CI: 69.2, 92.4%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI: 29.2%, 100.0%). When surveyed, 100% of FPs were confident performing POCUS and reported POCUS had an overall positive impact on clinical practice. 75% agreed the use of POCUS decreased the need for urgent radiologist-interpreted US. Conclusion: Following a certification process modeled after the CEUS EDE curriculum, FPs used POCUS for both CEUS-defined indications and indications that were unclear. FPs trained in early pregnancy POCUS demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy identifying IUP and FCA. Future study should assess the clinical impact of office-based POCUS, including whether its use results in decreased ED visits for this patient population.
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Lackey, Brenda K. "The State of Interpretation in Academia." Journal of Interpretation Research 13, no. 1 (April 2008): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258720801300103.
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This research reports on how future heritage interpreters are being trained in academic institutions in North America. Faculty and instructors from 130 colleges and universities were asked about the skills taught, textbooks used, types of degrees offered, certification, and accreditation. Respondents were asked about challenges to the profession and ideas for improving the academic arm of the profession. Colleges who responded teach interpretation courses in various academic disciplines around the continent, suggesting some inconsistencies for potential students interested in a professional career in interpretation. Challenges to the profession are discussed regarding the needs of future professionals in the field of interpretation and the potential need for academics to improve marketing of the profession and to collaborate more with professionals in the field who are interested in hiring the latest pool of graduates from colleges and universities.
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Mikolič Južnič, Tamara, and Nike K. Pokorn. "In Search of the Essential Competences for Overcoming Language Barriers in Public Services." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 18, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 15–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.18.1.15-35.
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It is argued in the article that despite the relatively strong presence of English in Slovenia, the use of English as a lingua franca (ELF) alone does not guarantee access to quality public services. To supplement the use of ELF interpreting support is needed, in particular in high-risk situations. A step in this direction was the certification of a national vocational qualification for community interpreters for Albanian in 2020. Since at the same time a new vocational profile for intercultural mediators was created, which also aims to assist the inclusion of migrants in the Slovene society, we investigated the differences between these two profiles by comparing the competences defined in both. The results show that despite some overlaps Slovene vocational standards for both professions differ significantly: while transfer and linguistic competences are central to community interpreter’s profile, conflict resolution and mediation competence figure more prominently in the intercultural mediator’s profile.
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van de Kooij, Alex Crespo. "The Private Effect of the Free Movement of Goods: Examining Private-Law Bodies Activities under the Scope of Article 34 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 40, Issue 4 (November 1, 2013): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2013019.
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This case concerned a dispute between private bodies Fra.bo SpA and the DVGW. The question was whether Article 34 TFEU must be interpreted as meaning that it applies to standardization and certification activities by a private-law body recognized by national law, where national legislation considers the products certified by that body to be compliant with national law, having the effect of restricting the marketing of products which are not certified by that body. The Court determined that, Article 34 TFEU had been infringed. It emphasized the presumption of legality with German national law and the fact that there exist no real alternatives to obtain the required certificate. This case note establishes that the Court did not grant horizontal effect to Article 34 TFEU, but that it merely extended the application of the Article. Further, it examines some issues and possibilities with regard to the application of the competition law doctrine.
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Marmul, Larisa, and Elena Krukovskaya. "CERTIFICATION OF AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES-PRODUCERS OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS IN ORDER TO ENTER EUROPEAN MARKETS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 4, no. 4 (September 2018): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2018-4-4-209-216.
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The objective of the article is to consider the actual issues of institutional support for the development of agrarian enterprises producing organic products in Ukraine, as well as the definition of formal and informal institutions for the regulation of organic products market. Methodology. While the study, the following methods were used: analytical method – to identify the basic rules and procedures for the development of organic production and the structuring of its institutional environment; synthesis method – to assess the state of development of institutes and infrastructure of the industry; abstracting and logical modelling of the system of interconnections and regulating and stimulating influences of environmental elements on the development of organic production. Results. The article deals with topical issues of institutional support for the development of agrarian enterprises producing organic products in Ukraine. There were established formal and informal institutions for regulating the organic products market. The features of placement and specialization of agrarian enterprises for the production of organic products are revealed. Certain institutions of certification of production and products are described as separate institutions. The further prospects of development of agrarian enterprises producing organic products on the basis of improvement of institutional regulation and certification are substantiated. Practical importance. The results of the study can be taken into account and used for the development of state and industry programs for the development of organic production. Scientific novelty. The systematic vision of the development environment of organic production in Ukraine is substantiated, which, in contrast to the existing views, is interpreted as an interconnected and interdependent set of elements regulated by managerial influences of the state and industry levels.
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Putri, Cyndiarnis Cahyaning, and Abdul Rachmad Budiono. "Konseptualisasi dan Peluang Cyber Notary dalam Hukum." Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um019v4i1p29-36.
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This paper aims to reveal the conceptualization and opportunity of the concept of the cyber notary as one of the other notary authorities as stated in the explanation of Article 15 Section (3) of Law Number 2 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 30 of 2004 concerning Position of Notary Public (UUJN). This paper is a normative study using the statute approach and conceptual approach. The concept of a cyber notary can be interpreted as a method for a notary in carrying out their duties and authorities by using electronic equipment (cyber), but their authority has limitations for the authority of certification of transactions conducted electronically. Opportunities for the concept of a cyber notary can be reviewed in the drafting of the results of the General Meeting of Shareholders based on Article 77 of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and storage of the Notary protocol in electronic form. The application of cyber notary is still constrained by UUJN which has not yet opened up opportunities for deed making through electronic media.
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Kensek, Karen, Ye Ding, and Travis Longcore. "GREEN BUILDING AND BIODIVERSITY: FACILITATING BIRD FRIENDLY DESIGN WITH BUILDING INFORMATION MODELS." Journal of Green Building 11, no. 2 (March 2016): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.2.116.1.
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Green buildings should respect nature and endeavor to mitigate harmful effects to the environment and occupants. This is often interpreted as creating sustainable sites, consuming less energy and water, reusing materials, and providing excellent indoor environmental quality. Environmentally friendly buildings should also consider literally the impact that they have on birds, millions of them. A major factor in bird collisions with buildings is the choice of building materials. These choices are usually made by the architect who may not be aware of the issue or may be looking for guidance from certification programs such as LEED. As a proof of concept for an educational tool, we developed a software-assisted approach to characterize whether a proposed building design would earn a point for the LEED Pilot Credit 55: Avoiding Bird Collisions. Using the visual programming language Dynamo with the common building information modeling software Revit, we automated the assessment of designs. The approach depends on parameters that incorporate assessments of bird threat for façade materials, analyzes building geometry relative to materials, and processes user input on building operation to produce the assessment.
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Gulosino, Charisse. "Evaluating the Tennessee Higher Education Commission's Report Card on the value-added estimates of teacher preparation programs." education policy analysis archives 26 (March 12, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.26.2604.
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Evaluations of teacher preparation programs (TPPs) based in part on the performance of program completers have emerged as an education reform strategy in several states and have become central features of the Race to the Top (RTTT) grant competition. The objective of this policy review is to examine how the state of Tennessee measured and reported the extent to which teacher preparation programs (TPPs) explain the variation of the test score gains for public school students taught by program graduates. This review breaks down the findings by institution and certification pathway, comparing statistically significant outcomes at the state level produced by teachers from each TPP. An analysis of Tennessee's report card reveals considerable variation in the value-added estimates of beginning teachers, depending on the institution where they were trained. These results, however, should be interpreted with caution. This review offers several technical considerations associated with the interpretation of Tennessee's report card on the effectiveness of TPPs and explains how these considerations may affect the interpretation of the findings.
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Forsberg, Mara, and Clarice Bleil de Souza. "Implementing Regenerative Standards in Politically Green Nordic Social Welfare States: Can Sweden Adopt the Living Building Challenge?" Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020738.
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This paper focuses on understanding the place for regenerative building standards within the context of politically green Nordic social welfare states. To this end, it examines the particular case of adopting the Living Building Challenge (LBC), an iconic example of regenerative design standard, in Sweden. An extensive document analysis comparing the Swedish building and planning regulations as well as the Miljöbyggnad national certification system with the LBC, shows overlaps and barriers the standard can face when adopted in the country. Barriers are validated and further discussed in interviews with one of the few architects trying to achieve a certified LBC building in Sweden and Swedish public authorities from the Boverket (Swedish National Board of Housing, Building and Planning). Results from the document analysis and interviews show barriers to implement the LBC in Sweden are a product of a conscious political and ideological decision from the welfare state which considers infrastructure, and all its potential sustainable versions, a public good to be provided to all and funded by all. This premise contrasts with the self-sufficient approach promoted by the LBC, which in this particular aspect, can be interpreted as a threat to the welfare state.
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Francis, Charles A. "Conventional research on controversial issues: an exercise in futility?" Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, no. 1 (December 22, 2009): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170509990251.
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AbstractResults from research on controversial topics are often interpreted according to the world view of the reader. With conflicting results from different researchers or institutions, it is likely that vested financial interests or adherence to conventional wisdom will lead to rejection of science-based conclusions. An example from the past is the comparison of multiple cropping with monocrop systems, where clear advantages of complex systems are discounted by those committed to the monoculture paradigm. A current example is comparison of organic with conventional farming systems and food products, where food price, suspicion about certification and philosophy about perceived ‘non-scientific’ results cloud the technical conclusions. An emerging example is comparisons of local versus global food systems, where multiple issues including comparative advantage and food preferences obscure the key questions of energy investment, food equity and local well-being. A proposed solution to this dilemma is to instead focus scarce research funds on improving the development of alternative agroecosystems, rather than invest human energy into futile comparisons that are unlikely to convince the skeptics. In this way, more creative alternatives can be explored and greater progress made toward food equity and sufficiency.
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Harmoko, Irfan. "OPTIMALISASI INDUSTRI HALAL DI INDONESIA MELALUI PENDEKATAN STRATEGIS DISTINCTIVE COMPETENCE." Reinforce: Journal of Sharia Management 1, no. 2 (October 21, 2022): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21274/reinforce.v1i2.6439.
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Indonesia is a country that has potential in developing the halal industry. In the State of The Global Islamic Report 2021, Indonesia is in the position of the fourth ranked country in the world. However, in all sectors of the halal industry, Indonesia has not been able to achieve first place. By looking at their distinctive competence, the halal industry in Indonesia can be optimized. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach, namely by examining phenomena based on existing data, to be analyzed and interpreted in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the phenomenon. The results of this study are, Indonesia has distinctive competence in the form of, the number of Indonesian population who are predominantly Muslim, strong regulations that support the halal industry, a variety of cultures and local wisdom, as well as the development of digital technology owned. From this, strategic steps can be drawn up in the form of accelerating the halal certification process in the food, beverage, pharmaceutical and cosmetic sectors, fulfilling the basic needs of Muslim tourists in various tourism places, and involving related parties in increasing socialization and education in the Islamic finance industry sector.
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Nur, Muhammad Rizky Taufiq, Muhammad Anwar Fathoni, and Lili Puspita Sari. "The Impact of Awareness, Lifestyle and Halal Certification on The Buying Interests of MSME’s Halal Food Products in DKI Jakarta." El-Barka: Journal of Islamic Economics and Business 4, no. 2 (December 9, 2021): 156–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/elbarka.v4i2.3207.
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The research aims to explain the impact of awareness, lifestyle, and halal certification on people’s buying interest in MSME’s halal food products in DKI Jakarta Province. To the best of researchers’ knowledge based on the previous articles, there are no research titles that discuss the three variables simultaneously regarding the influence on the buying interest. Therefore, this research has some aspect of novelty compared to previous studies. Quantitative method is used for research methods that refer to numerical data. The subjects for this research are 150 consumers of MSME’s halal food products in the DKI Jakarta Province. Primary data collection is used as a technical data collection. Primary data was acquired from the distribution of questionnaires to MSME halal food consumers. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used were descriptive statistical analysis, classical assumptions, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis. The findings of this study among the three variables are used, two only have a significant influence on the buying interest whereas the three variables together have a significant influence on the buying interest of MSME products. To increase the buying interest of halal food products for MSMEs in DKI Jakarta, factors that can be considered important are halal awareness and halal lifestyle, because both have a significant impact on the buying interest. This can be interpreted if the two variables are increase it will also increase the buying interest of MSME’s halal food products in DKI Jakarta. On the other hand, if the three variables are considered simultaneously it will have a significant influence on buying interest.
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Abdul Nasir, Muhamad Nadhir, and Alfa Nur Aini Erman Efendi. "LEGAL AND POLICY BASIS FOR BAHASA ISYARAT MALAYSIA INTERPRETATION SERVICES." International Journal of Law, Government and Communication 5, no. 21 (December 6, 2020): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.521005.
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There is an increasing need for Malaysian Sign Language interpreters or known as Jurubahasa Isyarat Malaysia (JBIM) to meet the economic, social, and cultural needs of persons who are deaf. To resolve the continuing lack of JBIM, the present paper addresses the legal and policy basis for the establishment of a government-owned and operated service system. We review several legal and government strategic documents, namely the Persons with Disabilities Act 2008, the Local Government Act 1976, the Policy for Persons with Disabilities 2007, the Action Plan for Persons with Disabilities 2016-2022, and the National Community Policy 2018. Although Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia (BIM) is recognized by the law beyond its status as an official language of deaf Malaysians and as part of their cultural identity, our analysis of these legal and policy documents do not suggest a tangible and proper mechanism for BIM interpretation service system. We assert the BIM interpretation services to be established and provided by local governments through collaboration with other federal government agencies and deaf people’s organizations. We also discuss structural measures regarding recruitment and certification, job-related equipment, retirement fund as well as competitive wage. These four aspects are vital in ensuring the effectiveness and sustainability of the BIM interpretation services.
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Annazri, Suci. "Peran Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Dakwah Kota Pekanbaru, Riau." Tadbir: Jurnal Manajemen Dakwah FDIK IAIN Padangsidimpuan 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 291–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/tad.v3i2.4485.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Indonesian Ulema Council has an important role in spreading its da'wah to Muslims. The da'wah was delivered aimed at minimizing the problems of the people of Pekanbaru City. With the recommendation to consume products that have halal certification and the implementation of premarital guidance which is categorized as Da'wah bil Hal. As for the problems that are troubling the community, such as products that are not in accordance with halal procedures both in health and Islamic teachings. Such as the case of foodstuffs originating from animals that are haram, the production process, and the delivery process. In addition, the implementation of premarital guidance is also needed, because considering the large number of people, especially prospective couples who have not interpreted the word marriage or having a family, so that wife and child abuse, as well as divorce rates are increasing. This research was conducted to determine the role of MUI as Warasatul anbiya' in spreading its da'wah to the people of the city of Pekanbaru. This research is a qualitative descriptive method, using primary data sources, the results of interviews with the Head of the MUI in Pekanbaru City, Riau while secondary data are taken from articles and other sources to support the relevance of this research. Keywords: Role of MUI, Da'wah, Pekanbaru City Society, Riau