Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interpretation and construction'
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Mutis-Sin, Ivan A. "Framework for interpretation of construction concept representations." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021272.
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曹永強 and Wing-keung Tommy Cho. "Judicial interpretation / fictionalization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972731.
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Du, Toit Gerhard. "The significance of postmodern theories of interpretation for contractual interpretation : a critical analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1245.
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Thesis (LLD (Mercantile Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.The objective of this study is to examine the significance of postmodern insights regarding interpretation (especially the rejection of intentionalism) and subjectivity for contractual interpretation theory. In Part One (consisting of chapters 2-5), the leading postmodern insights on interpretation, individual autonomy, texts and intentionalism are discussed. This is done by analysing the present interpretive practice in four chapters: 1) Different theories of interpretation ranging from objectivism and natural law theories to post-structuralism are discussed in chapter 2. 2) In chapter 3 individual autonomy (as advocated by liberal theorists) is contrasted with communitarianism in order to problematize the notion of contracting parties as autonomous, self-regulating beings. By highlighting criticism against liberalism and communitarianism, and also by suggesting critical self-rule as an alternative, the assertion that contracting parties are autonomous and self-regulating is contested. 3) The process of textual definition is critically analysed with emphasis on the position reflected by the application of the parol-evidence rule and also post-structuralist ideas on the definition of texts in chapter 4. It is shown that textual definition consists of interpretation rather than identification. 4) The nature of intention and the process of intention “discovery” are analysed in chapter 5. Because of the centrality of intention in contractual practice, alternative theories on intention (and its role during interpretation) are postulated and it is suggested that post-structuralism can provide a critically reflective theory of intention. It is clear (from the critical analysis of intentionalism) that the way intention is presently approached is theoretically flawed. It is also apparent from the critique of liberal beliefs held regarding the nature of interpretation, subjectivity and the definition of texts that the theoretical foundations of these beliefs are fundamentally flawed. A critical re-imagination of contractual interpretation is necessary. In Part Two, questions about the justifiability of the present interpretive theories are posed. In chapter 6 the practical implications of a new theoretical basis for contractual interpretation are considered by examining the way various rules of interpretation are influenced by the new theoretical basis of interpretation. Three “rules” are examined: 1) The golden rule of interpretation is examined because of its reliance on intentionalist assumptions; 2) the parol-evidence rule is examined because of its relation to positivist assumptions about the definition of texts; 3) the relevance of bona fides as a substantial remedy during the interpretation of the contract is analysed to reveal assumptions about the nature of legal subjectivity in which the present consideration of the bona fides is grounded. It is shown that rules depend not on their content for operation, but rather on the assumptions upon which they are grounded. In short, we do not have to do away with our rules of contractual interpretation, but we have to re-evaluate how we apply those rules. The final part of this dissertation consists of a summary of the conclusions drawn during the course of this study.
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Wong, Pik-ha, and 王碧霞. "Interpretation of symbols and construction of algebraic knowledge." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242431.
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Wong, Pik-ha. "Interpretation of symbols and construction of algebraic knowledge." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23457181.
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Ketlhoilwe, Mphemelang Joseph. "Genesis of environmental education policy in Botswana : construction and interpretation /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/908/.
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Babalola, Olubi Oluyomi. "A model based framework for semantic interpretation of architectural construction drawings." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47553.
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The study addresses the automated translation of architectural drawings from 2D Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) data into a Building Information Model (BIM), with emphasis on the nature, possible role, and limitations of a drafting language Knowledge Representation (KR) on the problem and process. The central idea is that CAD to BIM translation is a complex diagrammatic interpretation problem requiring a domain (drafting language) KR to render it tractable and that such a KR can take the form of an information model.
Formal notions of drawing-as-language have been advanced and studied quite extensively for close to 25 years. The analogy implicitly encourages comparison between problem structures in both domains, revealing important similarities and offering guidance from the more mature field of Natural Language Understanding (NLU). The primary insight we derive from NLU involves the central role that a formal language description plays in guiding the process of interpretation (inferential reasoning), and the notable absence of a comparable specification for architectural drafting.
We adopt a modified version of Engelhard's approach which expresses drawing structure in terms of a symbol set, a set of relationships, and a set of compositional frameworks in which they are composed. We further define an approach for establishing the features of this KR, drawing upon related work on conceptual frameworks for diagrammatic reasoning systems. We augment this with observation of human subjects performing a number of drafting interpretation exercises and derive some understanding of its inferential nature therefrom. We consider this indicative of the potential range of inferential processes a computational drafting model should ideally support.
The KR is implemented as an information model using the EXPRESS language because it is in the public domain and is the implementation language of the target Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) model. We draw extensively from the IFC library to demonstrate that it can be applied in this manner, and apply the MVD methodology in defining the scope and interface of the DOM and IFC. This simplifies the IFC translation process significantly and minimizes the need for mapping.
We conclude on the basis of selective implementations that a model reflecting the principles and features we define can indeed provide needed and otherwise unavailable support in drafting interpretation and other problems involving reasoning with this class of diagrammatic representations.
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Matsubara, Shigeki, Hitomi Tohyama, and Takahiro Ono. "Construction and Analysis of Word-level Time-aligned Simultaneous Interpretation Corpus." ACL(Association for computational linguistics), 2008. http://aclweb.org/anthology/.
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Catterwell, Ryan Ronald. "CONSTRUCTION IN CONTRACT LAW: A LOGICAL AND STRUCTURED APPROACH." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17990.
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Construction is a pervasive feature in contract law. It is a technique employed to define a contractual rule, ie, a rule that makes up part of a contract. In construction, the objective intention of the parties is inferred from the choice of words in the contract. But construction has a narrow focus: the aim is to resolve a particular question of intention. From this starting point, construction fits within a logical structure. It consists of four stages. First, the relevant question is defined. The question may relate to any aspect of the contractual relationship. Second, potential answers to the question are put forward. Each answer amounts to a competing ‘construction’, ie, a competing formulation of the disputed rule that forms part of the contract. Third, arguments in support of each construction are formulated. The arguments are built from the admissible materials, ie, the text, the potential meanings for words, the background to the transaction, the purpose of the contract, the consequences of the competing constructions, and normative factors, such as business commonsense. In the final stage, the ‘correct’ construction is chosen as a matter of probable intention by evaluating the competing arguments. The benefits of the proposed model are two-fold. First, it offers a comprehensible means of understanding construction at a level of sophistication warranted by the complexity of the process. Through the model, one can understand the reasons for a decision in a construction case in terms of the composition of competing arguments at play. In particular, construction disputes often involve a tension between: (i) arguments as to intention drawn from the meaning of the words agreed; and (ii) arguments as to intention that are based on the purpose of the contract or the consequences of the competing constructions. Usually, in the case of such tension, the construction that succeeds is the one that fits best with the contract taken as a whole. Understanding construction in this manner can bring clarity and consistency to judicial reasoning in construction. It can also explain the role of construction in contract law. This is the second benefit of the model. By defining construction in its core interpretative function, it can be distinguished from analogous contract law techniques. The contractual relationship is governed by a combination of rules agreed by the parties and rules imposed by doctrine and statute. Contract law employs a variety of techniques and processes to administer these rules. Construction is but one of these techniques: it is the primary means through which contractual rules are defined. However, contractual rules can also be defined as a matter of implication or rectification. In addition, many doctrinal rules require conclusions regarding intention that may or may not be established on a constructional basis. Hence, the thesis presents not only a novel way to understand construction, but also a fresh perspective on the nature of contract law.
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Tohyama, Hitomi, 茂樹 松原, Shigeki Matsubara, 信夫 河口, Nobuo Kawaguchi, and Yasuyoshi Inagaki. "Construction and Utilization of Bilingual Speech Corpus for Simultaneous Machine Interpretation Research." International Speech Communication Association, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/93.
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Binner, Jane M. "The construction, interpretation and analysis of divisia monetary aggregates for the UK." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.291025.
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Hartwell, Jonathan William. "'Skill in the construction' : dramaturgy, ideology, and interpretation in Shakespeare's late plays." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4484/.
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This thesis examines the way dramaturgical techniques in Shakespeare's late plays are used to create a complex and radical exploration of the relationship between ideology and interpretation. It links such concerns via the multiple meanings of "construction", illustrated using the scene of reading at the end of Cymbeline, centred upon the prophetic label. In Part I, major reservations are expressed about the standard interpretative paradigms applied to late Shakespearian drama, and their effect on critical understanding. The deficiencies of a "Romance" reading and the problems with traditional attitudes to chronology, authorship, and collaboration are stressed; elements often marginalized as aesthetically inferior are defended; and two related areas of dramaturgical technique, theatrical spectacle and reported action, are emphasized. Part II focuses on reading individual late plays, with special emphasis on Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen. It adopts a reconstructed, politicized close reading, concentrating on issues relating to the problematics of interpretation within the plays. Individual chapters highlight different forms of "construction": art, history, truth, authority, display, narrative. Attention is drawn to how reading and interpretation are shown to be always inscribed within power relations and the performative dynamic of language.
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Lee, Jack Tsen-Ta. "An articulate silence : the interpretation and construction of taciturn bills of rights." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3572/.
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Taciturn bills of rights and constitutions – texts that express concepts at high levels of abstraction or which do not provide much guidance in other ways – pose challenges for courts responsible for determining their meaning and applying them. This dissertation aims to identify the approach that might be taken by courts in Commonwealth jurisdictions with written constitutions. It argues that the starting point is the legislative intention underlying the text, and that the preferred conception of such an intention is moderate originalism. This requires ascertainment of the meaning the legislators imbued the text with through their choice of words at the time the constitution was enacted, but which recognizes that parts of the text may be interpreted dynamically where language connoting abstract moral principles has been employed. The dissertation distinguishes constitutional interpretation from constitutional construction. Interpretation involves identifying the semantic content of a constitutional text, and to do so courts should consider the linguistic, purposive and applicative meanings of terms and provisions. Where interpreting the text does not yield any useful or complete legal rule, the court must engage in construction by applying legal principles and techniques such as the presumption in favour of generosity, the use of constitutional implications, and a proportionality analysis. Thus, any constitutional ‘silence’ is in fact not so silent after all, as it may be given voice by the court.
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Staff, Craig. "The construction, role and interpretation of reflexivity within contemporary non representational painting." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246587.
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Seroin, Isabelle. "L'application des règles d'interprétation de la Convention de Vienne sur le droit des traités dans le cadre de l'ALE, de l'ALENA, du GATT, de l'OMC et de l'Union européenne." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30327.
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This thesis explores the way in which the rules of interpretation of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties have been applied in the context of the US-Canada Free Trade Agreement, the North American Free Trade Agreement, the GATT, the World Trade Organization Agreement and the European Union. The author seeks to analyze the way the dispute settlement panels established according to these agreements and the Court of justice of the European Communities have used the interpretation tools provided by public international law. The author then examines the interpretation framework for international treaties and investigates how Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention have been applied in the context of each of these agreements or treaties. The extensive panels and court practice surveyed by the author underlines the importance of public international law when interpreting international trade law.
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Clayton, David Robert. "The description and interpretation of complex geology encountered at aTung Chung construction site." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894240.
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Zhang, Zhenyu. "An economic interpretation of construction procurement behaviour for the commercial and industrial buildings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396205.
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Kennon, Rachel Brooke. "Knowledge and Meanings of Wilderness and Wildlife Refuges among Okefenokee Visitors on guided Intrepretive Tours." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32019.
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Past research has shown that interpretive tour visitors at Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge do no better than other visitors on knowledge and value questions about federal wilderness areas and national wildlife refuges. Tours into the Okefenokee Swamp Wilderness are conducted by a National Wildlife Refuge concessionaire. Interpretive tour guides participated in a training session on the purposes and values of wilderness and wildlife refuges. Visitors who took guided interpretive tours in the spring of 2001 with trained and untrained guides completed knowledge surveys immediately after taking the boat tour. Results indicate that there were no differences in visitor knowledge scores with trained versus untrained guides. A small sample of interpretive tour visitors was also interviewed in an effort to understand the meanings they ascribe to wilderness. Visitors were able to describe and articulate their views of wilderness with considerable clarity. Recommendations for future research include monitoring the guidesâ interpretive messages, conducting more in-depth interviews with visitors and guides, assessing visitorsâ and guidesâ prior knowledge of wilderness and wildlife refuge purposes and values, and developing guide training based on the principles of persuasive communication.Master of Science
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Clayton, David Robert. "The description and interpretation of complex geology encountered at a Tung Chung construction site." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43894240.
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Rubio, Fernández Paula. "Pragmatic processes and cognitive mechanisms in lexical interpretation : the on-line construction of concepts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614749.
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Edgar, Iain Ross. "Imaginary fields : the cultural construction of dream interpretation in three contemporary British dreamwork groups." Thesis, Keele University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241305.
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Dreams have, SInce time immemorial, both reflected the culture of those who dream them and have been used by them, with or without the help of soothsayers, to shape their personal lives and that of the culture of which they form part. Anthropologists have also, since the beginning of their discipline, commented on and analysed dreams in diverse cultures and in turn derived from these and other analyses, theoretical principles and approaches. In the modern world, and particularly in the twentieth century, first individual and then group therapies have incorporated the narration and analysis of dreams into their methods. More recently still, this process has been, at least partially, democratised and the therapist acting on the individual patient has transformed her/himself into the dreamwork facilitator and resource person for a, more or less, autonomous group. In this research I established and jointly facilitated three dreamwork groups In order to use experiential groupwork methods to demonstrate the articulation of embodied, but implicit, knowledge. In my analysis of the group process I use anthropological concepts derived from the survey of literature at the beginning of my thesis. The analysis proper proceeds In four stages. The first is concerned with "dreamwork", the way that the narration to and within the group can be shown to be collectively converted into a verbally expressed narrative of an experience 3 seen as having hitherto been concealed and confined to the imagination. Second, I turn to the analysis of structure and process In the group itself and the communicative context in which this dreamwork took place. Third, I use an hermeneutic analysis to unpick the emiC and etic interpretive, and to some degree feminist-inspired, perspectives used by the group to make sense of the narratives they have collectively created. Finally, I move outwards to the processual, meanIngcreating and outcome, analysis of such groupwork methods as gestalt, psychodrama and imagework which are used to elicit meaning from narrated dream imagery. I conclude that dreams are transformations of cultural symbols and that their interpretation is an example of what Obeyesekere, significantly calling on both psychoanalysis and cultural analysis, has called "the work of culture".
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Klingemier, Chris W. "Trumbull County Wooden Works Tall Clock Dials: Analysis and interpretation of construction and layout." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1347668968.
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Yang, Xiaonan, and 楊曉楠. "The interpretation of the Hong Kong Basic Law: an institutional analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42181999.
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Satchell, Margaret G. "The representation and interpretation of change in intimate relationships : a study of homosexual and heterosexual couples." Thesis, Open University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342894.
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Hansen, Felicia. "Toys''R''Cloth : An alternative interpretation of Kente cloth." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23505.
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This degree work places itself within the field of textile design, with an artistic approach. The motive with this work is to introduce Kente cloth as a textile expression to be developed as a contemporary textile technique. The aim is to explore ways of reinterpreting the West African weaving technique of Kente cloth in combination with the use of recycled toys in order to create contemporary artistic textile designs. The design method consisted of workshops that focused on the deconstruction of the technique and the categorisation of toys. Experimental sketches on the handloom and jacquard machine were produced. The outcome of this design work is a collection of three handwoven artistic textile designs. Toys’’R’’Cloth engages the viewer to produce more sustainable designs by using recycled toys as material reuse. This work and its design method have the potential to be developed further and applied onto other textile techniques.
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Frydman, Benoît. "Les modèles juridiques d'interprétation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211908.
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Correia, Jorge Manuel Salgado de Castro. "Investigating musical performance as embodied socio-emotional meaning construction : finding an effective methodology for interpretation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275014.
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Cornell, Richard E. ""I and the father are one" : scriptural interpretation and Trinitarian construction in the Monarchian debate." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158905.
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The role of scriptural interpretation in the Monarchian controversy of the early 3rd century C.E. has received relatively little scholarly attention. This oversight is due, in large part, to a persuasive if unstated belief held by many modern scholars that Scripture is a secondary or tertiary factor in the construction of doctrine. This thesis will argue that scriptural interpretation played a primary or generative role in the construction of doctrine. The Proto-Trinitarians and Monarchians believed their position to be superior to that of their opponents’ precisely because it made better sense of the scriptural data. This thesis will argue that the modern view which sees the early church fathers as poor exegetes may have more to do with questionable modern assumptions about the interpretive enterprise (especially when doctrine is considered) than it has to do with any interpretive incompetence of the early Christian interpreters. The introduction will offer a survey of the modern status quo view of patristic interpretation in general and patristic interpretation in a doctrinal context in particular. It will then consider some dissenting voices to the status quo view. Chapter 1 will offer a brief history of the Monarchian movement and examine the Monarchian doctrine of God and its scriptural basis, seeking first to provide an accurate picture of Monarchian belief and secondly to show that the Monarchians took Scripture seriously in their theologizing. Chapters 2 and 3 will consider the two most influential treatises in the demise of Monarchianism, the Contra Noetum (chapter 2) and Tertullian’s Adversus Praxeas (chapter 3). It will be demonstrated that scriptural interpretation was the decisive factor in their theological construction of the nature of God and that the Gospel of John played a decisive role in their rebutting of the Monarchian position.
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Fitzsimmons, John Francis. "The construction of meaning in narrative : Dickens and the stereotype /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf562.pdf.
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Russell, Joan. "An investigation of the role of language in student conductors' comprehension and construction of musical meanings in practicum settings." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40241.
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In this thesis I investigated how four student conductors made musical meaning from their scores in rehearsals with their peers and the mediating role that verbal language played in that process. Rosenblatt's (1978, 1994) transactional theory of the literary work provided a framework for conceptualizing the performed musical work as a musical event. Halliday's (1975, 1978, 1985) social theory of language use, particularly his notion of 'register' served as the framework for interpreting the intended meanings of conductors' utterances during rehearsals, and for understanding the dialogic nature of language use. Vygotsky's (1962, 1978) socio-psychological theory of the interdependence of thought and language framed my interpretation of the kinds of learning that might take place when student conductors use verbal language to shape performances of musical works.I transcribed 12 videotaped practica, analyzed the transcripts, and interpreted the function and focus of the student conductors' utterances. The findings revealed that the students selected formal and expressive elements for attention, that they used proposals and appraisals to shape these elements in a variety of rehearsal contexts, that they used verbal language to explain, explore, and clarify their musical thinking within and beyond rehearsals.
I concluded that the student conductors built up the sense of the musical work with the players by selectively attending to the musical elements they deemed to be musically valuable, and that their verbal language served a mediating function for them both as shapers and as learners of musical ideas. Although there were qualitative differences how they engaged with their scores, and in their use of verbal language, the processes by which they engaged in construction and comprehension of musical meanings were the same and their verbal language played the same role.
The study led to the postulatation of three socially situated theoretical constructs that are relevant to a general theory of music teaching and learning: a construct of a transactional theory of the musical work, a construct of a 'rehearsal register' and a construct of the interconnectedness of verbal language and the formation of musical concepts and musical knowledge.
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Lambert, Sam R. "Transportation enhancements : a creative interpretation to the proposed widening of State Route 67 south." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041732.
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Transportation corridors are designed to transfer motorists from one area to another in the safest and most efficient way possible. Unfortunately, in Indiana scenic and environmental enhancements, often, were not a priority in the past. The main problem, therefore, is that travelers of most Indiana highways have been deprived of inspiring scenic opportunities and cultural enlightenment, thus there is a need to educate those involved in the design and implementation process to take heed of the advantages these enhancements and amenities can provide.This study examines the SR 67 South transportation corridor from 1-69 at Daleville, Indiana, to Delaware CR 500 South, and proposes an overall transportation corridor concept that could be implemented. This study, also, investigates current Indiana Department of Transportation policies and practices involving scenic and environmental enhancements in transportation corridors, while specifically evaluating the department's assessment of the suggestions offered in "The Gateways of Delaware County" study (in which SR 67 was incorporated).In the end, this study provides significant insight into the "posture" of those directly involved in the design and implementation process of transportation corridors; however, augmenting that posture to the advantages and importance of scenic and environmental enhancements will remain a struggle, especially during these economically challenging times. One added subplot; How can the landscape architect provide guidance to bring new understanding to those persons involved in highway design which results in improved scenic and cultural opportunities to SR 67?Department of Landscape Architecture
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Venaille, Olivier. "Etude du traitement de materiaux de construction par ablation laser : caracterisation et interpretation de l'interaction laser-materiau." Orléans, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ORLE2067.
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Dans le cadre du projet de recherche europeen lama (projet brite euram bre2 ct93-0560), dont l'objectif etait la conception et a la fabrication d'un laser nd : yag de chantier destine au nettoyage de materiaux de construction, un travail de recherche a ete entrepris pour tenter de comprendre les phenomenes physico-chimiques qui interviennent lors de l'ablation de matiere. Les materiaux a nettoyer ont ete principalement des pierres recouvertes de croutes noires. Cette etude a porte sur l'analyse du materiau avant et apres nettoyage par diverses methodes mais egalement sur l'analyse du plasma produit lors de l'impact du laser sur le materiau. Differentes mesures ont ete realisees a cet effet : mesure de retrodiffusion, mesure du signal sonore, spectrometrie d'emission, observation du plasma produit par camera ccd. Ce travail a mis en evidence l'existence de seuil macroscopique d'ablation. Le seuil d'ablation de la salissure etant generalement plus bas que celui du support a nettoyer, ceci a permis l'obtention, dans des conditions optimales de nettoyage, d'une qualite de nettoyage tres satisfaisante. Ceci a egalement abouti a une interpretation du mecanisme d'ablation. L'energie incidente se scinderait en 3 parties distinctes : une partie retrodiffusee par le materiau qui ne participe pas a l'ablation, une partie qui provoque une ejection de matiere sous forme de poussieres par effet mecanique et la troisieme partie qui provoque la vaporisation de matiere sous forme de plasma. Le travail de recherche a abouti, dans le cadre du projet lama, a la fabrication d'un prototype laser innovant et a son utilisation sur de nombreux sites pilotes a travers toute la france.
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Butland, Rowena. "Scaling Angkor: Perceptions of scale in the interpretation and management of cultural heritage." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7253.
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Increasing interest in the creation of heritage places and the protection of cultural landscapes has seen a shift within cultural heritage management. A movement away from the conservation of isolated objects and monuments is indicative of a broader transition within cultural heritage management towards perceiving and understanding heritage as inextricably linked to its wider spatial and temporal context. The recognition and inclusion of associative values has seen expansion, spatially, of the influences of heritage protection and management. Heritage sites can no longer be considered in isolation from their settings. Although considerable attention has been given to the impacts of modern development on heritage areas, there has been little research into the implications that heritage management practices have for areas surrounding heritage sites. This thesis investigates the nature of the relationship between heritage sites and their surrounding areas, by exploring the implications of an expanding spatial definition of heritage. The study is grounded in a theoretical approach that examines the social and political construction of scale. Such theories have been applied to the analysis of economic and political activities, and this research demonstrates that culture and heritage management are also scaled processes. The research investigates how scale is socially and culturally constructed within the discourse of cultural heritage management by different stakeholders. In particular, it attempts to understand how the boundaries between the ‘significant’ and the ‘insignificant’ are continually recreated in the process of cultural heritage interpretation and management. As the site of UNESCO’s first cultural heritage zoning plan, the Angkor World Heritage Area (Cambodia) provides a unique opportunity to explore the scaling of heritage spaces. Over the past 20 years, there has been a refocusing within management discourse from the protection of heritage monuments, to the creation of a heritage place, and lastly a growing desire to ensure the conservation of a vast cultural landscape. As with most World Heritage sites there are a multitude of stakeholders at Angkor, including local residents, domestic and international tourists, Cambodian and foreign heritage professionals and governments. Despite the presence of these diverse and potentially conflicting perspectives, there is limited knowledge of the multiple understandings of heritage and non-heritage space. This research utilises interviews, discourse and textual analysis of archival documents, and detailed field observation, integrated through spatial analysis to explore the spatial influences, impacts and perceptions of cultural heritage management, and to encourage a more inclusive representation of Angkor and its surrounds. The study confirms that heritage spaces are scaled with distinct hierarchies, extents and relationships, and different understandings of these scales have spatial and physical consequences. The international community perceive heritage spaces within at least two scales: the scale of heritage and the scale of non-heritage. The scale of heritage serves as a monumental space reminding visitors of past glories. Angkor feeds the development of the surrounding area, the scale of non-heritage, but that same development must be controlled to protect those areas which are valued. The scale of heritage is expanding and transforming, creating further levels of significance and imposing more restrictions on the areas surrounding the heritage site. In contrast residents of the landscape that surrounds Angkor have a more complex perception of the relationship between modern and historical spaces. Different scales of heritage are created, and assigned economic and social roles. Whilst, Angkor is the economic and social centre of the community, there is a mutual relationship between the scales of heritage. The Cambodian government and heritage professionals seek to balance global, national and local interests. For the Cambodian government, Angkor has increasingly become a scale and space disconnected from its surrounds, but exploitable for success in the modern world. In contrast, Cambodian heritage professionals must balance professional and personal interests. It is this latter stakeholder who illustrates most effectively the manner in which scales of heritage are socially constructed. The management of cultural heritage is a spatial process concerned with levels of valued space that have different preservation and management controls. Conflict may result from management plans that emphasise particular understandings of heritage to the detriment of other perceptions. Understanding the ways in which heritage scales are constructed for political and social purposes allows these multiple perceptions to be incorporated in management.
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Corten, Olivier. "L'utilisation du raisonnable par le juge international: discours juridique, raison et contradictions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212323.
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Taizir, Aswita. "Muḥammad ʻAbduh and the reformation of Islamic law." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26336.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines Muhammad 'Abduh's ideas on Islamic Law, and the extent to which his writings influenced subsequent Muslim reformers in the sphere of law. The study focuses on 'Abduh's views on ijtihad and its application in modern society.The principle of ijtihad, as practised by 'Abduh, was not dependent upon the opinions of previous scholars. A leading reformer of Islamic law (1849-1905), 'Abduh rejected taqlid which in nineteenth century Egypt was the rule of the day. Scholars in his day adhered to the books of their respective madhhabs to the extent of choosing to ignore the main sources of Islamic law, viz. the Qur'an and Hadith. For this reason, 'Abduh did not follow any particular madhhab in his ijtihad, but chose to be guided by whichever school of law he believed was best fit to deal with a particular contemporary problem. This practice has come to be known as talfiq. His use of it was the beginning of legal reform in Islamic law.
To facilitate legal reform, 'Abduh employed the Islamic legal principle of al-maslahah al-mursalah. This principle was an application of ijtihad which he invoked in order to deal with issues such as polygamy and bank interest. 'Abduh's fatwas were based on the sources of Islamic law, i.e. the Qur'an and the Hadith. Although his main concern was to rehabilitate the use of reason in law, he never strayed far from the traditional sources.
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Sutherland, S. A. "(Mis)reading Oriane : the construction and interpretation of a character in Proust's 'A la recherche du temps perdu'." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.639139.
Full textAbstract:
Reading in Proust has long been a subject of critical enquiry. Some critics consider the Narrator's discussion of the topic in A la recherche du temps perdu; others examine it in the workings of the text. A number of Proustians note Albertine's importance to the (mis)reading problematic; this thesis follows their example in relation to Oriane de Guermantes. Having presented the background against which Proust's thematic of reading is explored, and various models of reading (from reader-response theory, psychoanalysis, and deconstruction), I discuss the relevance of seminal critical works to the topic of (mis)reading (Ellison, de Man, Genette, Deleuze), and works on Oriane. The tendency in previous analyses of Oriane is to view her (once Marcel's infatuation has ended) as little more than a social figure who teaches him to distrust the social world; I argue that her role is central to the larger themes explored in the novel - particularly reading, knowledge and desire. The third and main section begins with a discussion of Marcel's reading experience in 'Combray'; then Oriane's presentation in the context of the reading problematic is explored at length. This examination is divided into two broad categories: Oriane as Marcel's 'image', and as a social figure. The first involves a detailed discussion of idolatry, myth-making (imaginative and -paradoxically- scientific) and aesthetisisation; the second concentrates on the two major encounters between Marcel and Oriane in the social world, preceded by her encounter in similar circumstances with Swann. The same complex impulses (erotic, hermeneutic ) drive the construction and interpretation of Oriane throughout the novel, in spite of any declarations of indifference, disillusionment or increased 'objectivity'. My conclusion is that Oriane is yet another sign of unreadability for Marcel. Like Albertine, she is always open to reinterpretation; Marcel can never make a definitive reading of her. Reading (a text or character) proves to be unreliable idiosyncratic, and interminable.
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Berglund, Jonny. "A Construction Grammar Approach to the Phrase." Thesis, Stockholm University, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8691.
Full textAbstract:
This essay adopts a construction grammar approach to the linguistic pattern why don’t you. It argues that the pattern can have two different senses: an interrogative sense and a suggestive sense. Further it argues that the suggestive sense is a construction similar to the definition of a construction described by construction grammar theory.
In other words, the linguistic pattern why don’t you can have a specific underlying semantics that cannot be reached by an examination of its formal pattern.
Keywords: Construct, Construction, Construction Grammar, Idiom, Interpretation, Linguistic Pattern, Marker, Underlying Semantics
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ARESE, MARCIO CONTENTE. "INTERPRETATION AND CONSTRUCTION IN PSYCHOANALYSIS: A VIEW FROM THE MATHEMATICAL DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPTS OF SUBJECT AND OBJECT A." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34748@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROA dissertação se propõe a mostrar que através do modo como define os conceitos de sujeito e objeto a, Jacques Lacan resume o que há de mais radical nas operações de interpretação e de construção freudianas, apresentando uma epistemologia capaz de formalizar o funcionamento da interpretação, localizar seus impasses, seus limites, e justificar a necessidade da construção em psicanálise, dizendo também o que está em jogo nesta. Aponta afinidades entre a psicanálise e a matemática, e utiliza os recursos desta apoiando-se nos trabalhos de Frege, Badiou, Dedekind e Russel para a definição de sujeito e objeto a, identificando o primeiro com o zero e identificando o segundo tanto com o excesso que representam algumas operações na teoria dos conjuntos, quanto com o número irracional. Após, mostra a insuficiência da relação de simples oposição com as quais atrela inicialmente todos esses termos para superá-la através de uma relação quaternária – de implicação recíproca e de conjunçãodisjunção – que, subvertendo as referências espaciais e temporais usuais, se mostra mais afeita a dar conta da experiência analítica.
This dissertation intends to show that through the way that defines the concepts of subject and object a, Jacques Lacan summarizes what is most radical in the freudian operations of interpretation and construction, presenting an epistemology capable to formalize the operation of interpretation, to point their impasses, its limits, and to justify the need of the construction, also saying what is at stake in this. It points affinities between psychoanalysis and mathematics, and uses it resources, relying on the works of Frege, Badiou, and Russel Dedekin to define subject and object a, identifying the first with zero and identifying the second with both the excess that represent some operations in set theory, and also the irrational number. After, shows the insufficiency of the relationship of simple opposition that uses initially to link all these terms, to overcome it through a quaternary relationship – mutual implication and conjunction-disjunction – which, subverting the usual temporal and spatial references, is best suited for capture the nature of the analytical experience.
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Yusuf, Milhan. "Hamka's method of interpreting the legal verses of the Qur'ān : a study of his Tafsir al-Azhar." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23252.
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Having been influenced by the Muslim reformist ideas championed by Muhammad 'Abduh and his colleagues, Hamka attempted to disseminate and ameliorate the reform ideas in his country, Indonesia, through the means available to him; that is by preaching and writing. He was among the most prolific contemporary authors, having written 113 books including his monumental Tafsir al-Azhar. In this commentary, Hamka has probably included the sum of his ideas particularly those pertaining to religious aspects. With regards to the religious aspects, he mostly discusses the problems of theology, sufism and law. Hamka's conception of the law portrays his challenge and struggle towards the abolishment of taqlid (uncritical acceptance of the decisions made by the predecessors) and the implementation of ijtihad (personal opinion). In addition, his legal comments and interpretations are quite different from many of the comments made by sectarian commentators, who saw in tafsir a forum for defending their schools of thought. However, Hamka steered away from any school of thought and tried to be as objective as possible in his work, an attempt reflected in his method of interpreting the problematic legal verses. Moreover, he did not limit himself to a single method of interpretation. On the contrary, he availed himself of both the tafsir bi al-ma'thur method (interpretation derived from the Prophet, the Companions and the Successors) and the tafsir bi al-ra'y method (interpretation based on reason).
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Gonçalves, Gabriel Accioly. "O desenvolvimento judicial do direito: construções, criatividade interpretativa e técnicas manipulativas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9525.
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Busca-se demonstrar que a criatividade é um aspecto inerente e inafastável da atividade jurisdicional. Neste sentido, o primeiro objetivo perseguido é o de analisar os conceitos relacionados à criatividade judicial, que são os de interpretação, construção e manipulação. São, também, analisadas e refutadas teorias atuais que negam a criação judicial do direito. Argumenta-se que a admissão, pelo poder judiciário, do caráter criativo de suas decisões é exigência do dever de sinceridade judicial. O segundo objetivo é o de investigar a tese de Hans Kelsen, que descreve Cortes que realizem o controle de constitucionalidade como legislador negativo. São apreciadas as incongruências dessa tese com o constitucionalismo contemporâneo, bem como o caráter falho de sua aplicação na jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal. O terceiro objetivo é o de investigar os aspectos descritivos e normativos das sentenças manipulativas. São formuladas propostas de fundamentação normativa e de limites de aplicação dessa técnica. Defende-se a admissibilidade das sentenças aditivas, redutivas e aditivas de princípio, mas se rejeita a das sentenças substitutivas, sendo defendido o emprego, em seu lugar, das medidas de necessidade.
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Jones, Jonathan. "The interpretation and effect of section 197 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52544.
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Thesis (LLM)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Section 197 of the Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995 ensures the transfer of a contract of employment from an old employer to a new employer on the transfer of a business as a gomg concern. Although section 197 is mostly based on European and British statutes and regulations, one should not rely on foreign provisions when interpreting section 197 without careful consideration. It is only when we understand the inherent limitations of applying these provisions, that they can be of any help to formulate definitions for the terms "transfer", "business" and "going concern". The two most important effects that section 197 has, is that it ensures the transfer of the contract of employment and that it protects the terms and conditions of employment when such a transfer takes place. Unfortunately, this section does not regulate dismissal on the transfer of a business. Section 197 also does not deal satisfactorily with the transfer of contracts of employment on the transfer of an insolvent business. As a result of the above-mentioned and other shortcomings of the current section 197, it was decided to amend the Act. The Labour Relations Amendment Bill 2000 relies heavily on precedents from foreign law, but unfortunately it does not adequately address all the current problems.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel 197 van die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge 66 van 1995 verseker die oordrag van 'n dienskontrak van 'n ou werkgewer na 'n nuwe werkgewer by die oordrag van 'n besigheid as 'n lopende onderneming. Alhoewel artikel 197 gebaseer is op Europese en Britse wetgewing en regulasies, moet die leser versigtig wees om sulke bepalings sonder skroom aan te wend by die interpretrasie van artikel 197. Wanneer ons die inherente beperkings daarvan begryp, mag die bepalings van hulp wees om definisies te vorm van die begrippe "oordrag", "besigheid" en "lopende onderneming". Artikel 197 het hoofsaaklik twee uitwerkings: dit fasiliteer die oordrag van die dienskontrak en verseker dat die terme en voorwaardes van indiensneming onveranderd bly. Die artikel reguleer nie ontslag by die oordrag van 'n besigheid nie. Artikel 197 reguleer ook nie genoegsaam die oordrag van dienskontrakte waar 'n insolvente besigheid oorgedra word nie. As gevolg van bogenoemde en ander tekortkominge is besluit om die Wet te wysig. Die Wysigingswetsontwerp op Arbeidverhoudinge 2000 steun op buitelandse presedente, maar spreek ongelukkig ook nie al die huidige probleme suksesvol aan nie.
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Nurasiah. "Muḥyī al-Dīn Ibn al-Arabī and Sharīah." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21246.
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This thesis examines the views held by Muh&dotbelow;yi al-Din Ibn al-`Arabi on shari`ah, based for the most part on his magnum opus, al-Futuh&dotbelow;at al-Makkiyyah. It explores his attitude towards the shari`ah as practical religious law and his teachings concerning its sources and interpretation. Despite being misunderstood on account of his s&dotbelow;ufi background and his well-known criticism of the fuqaha' Ibn al-`Arabi's teaching, in fact, advocated a strict and consistent orientation to the shari`ah. This thesis shows how, on the one hand, his criticism of the jurists was due to their inability to achieve the high standards that he set for interpreting the law, and how, on the other, his s&dotbelow;ufi beliefs complemented, rather than weakened, the foundations of the shari`ah. It is clear that the principle underlying his approach to the shari`ah's application was his belief in its being a manifestation of God's mercy. He demonstrates this by pointing to the direct sources of God's law, accepting differences in legal opinion and seeking as much as possible the deeper spiritual and universal meaning of God's intentions in the law.
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Pozzi, Alice. "The Kuga-Satake Construction: A Modular Interpretation." Thesis, 2013. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/977771/1/MemoireFinalSubmission%2D1.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Given a polarized complex K3 surface, one can attach to it a complex abelian variety,
called Kuga-Satake variety. The Kuga-Satake variety is determined by the singular
cohomology of the K3 surface; on the other hand, this singular cohomology can be
recovered by means of the weight 1 Hodge structure associated to the Kuga-Satake
variety. Despite the transcendental origin of this construction, Kuga-Satake varieties
have interesting arithmetic properties. Kuga-Satake varieties of K3 surfaces defined
over number fields descend to finite extension of the field of definition. This property
suggests that the Kuga-Satake construction can be interpreted as a map between
moduli spaces. More precisely, one can define a morphism, called Kuga-Satake map,
between the moduli space of K3 surfaces and the moduli space of abelian varieties
with polarization and level structure. This morphism, defined over a number field,
is obtained by regarding the classical construction as a map between an orthogonal
Shimura variety, closely related to the moduli space of K3 surfaces, and the Siegel
modular variety. The most remarkable fact is that the Kuga-Satake map extends
to positive characteristic for almost all primes, associating to K3 surfaces abelian
varieties over finite fields. This can be proven applying a result by Faltings on the
extension of abelian schemes and the good reduction property of Kuga-Satake varieties.
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MITROPHANOUS, Eleni. "Legal reasoning and constructive interpretation." Doctoral thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5466.
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hsu, Hsin-kuo, and 徐信國. "The Interpretation and Construction of "Wu-Feng's philosophy"." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34344676904926837907.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
東方人文思想研究所
93
Abstract Hu Hung（alias Wu Feng）initiated Hunan school of thought during the turmoil of war in the Southern Sung Dynasty, and it enjoys a glittering status in Confucianism, inheriting Confucianism in Northern Sung Dynasty and followed by Confucianism in Ming Dynasty. Besides his heritage, Wu Feng’s philosophy has its characteristics, which are cognitive, interpretative, and introspective and remain their original meaning. There requires an interpretation approach. However, comprehensive interpretation even needs to build up a philosophical system, and then the definition of my interpretation approach is that: “Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs”, which is also referred to as “manifesting substance on the very function ”. Interpretation approach has also given justification of Zhu Xi’s “doubt about knowledge of speeches”, “principle of nature” in the academic circle and metaphysical approach in the contemporary neo-Confucianism. For constructing Wu Feng’s philosophic system, four kinds of argument have been constructed, namely “ ontology, cosmology, practice theory, and state-of-mind theory. Such four kinds of argument have been elaborated one by one. In interpretation and construction, with Wu Feng’s criticism of Tao and Buddha, the heart and core of the Confucius values go to benevolent morality, which are unshakable. Consequently, the philosophy of Wu Feng, that is to say (1) Interpretation approach (2) thinking justification of scholars (3) Theory construction and criticism of Tao and Buddha, whose standpoint of values have made up of three major key points in this paper. The paper concludes that “ Fu Feng’s dedication to educational undertaking in the turmoil of war has been considered as eminent and successful”, and he is acclaimed as an educationist handing down heritage from generation to generation. His Confucius theory is summed up with the special honor of “Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs”. I am with great anticipation that my paper may increase awareness of Wu Feng’s academic status in Chinese Philosophy. Key words: Fu Wu-Feng, Confucianism in the Southern Sung Dynasty, knowledge of speeches, Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs, principle of nature, Mou Chung-San, Tsung Shih-Li, concept of substance and function, ontology, cosmology, practice theory, state-of-mind theory Abstract Hu Hung（alias Wu Feng）initiated Hunan school of thought during the turmoil of war in the Southern Sung Dynasty, and it enjoys a glittering status in Confucianism, inheriting Confucianism in Northern Sung Dynasty and followed by Confucianism in Ming Dynasty. Besides his heritage, Wu Feng’s philosophy has its characteristics, which are cognitive, interpretative, and introspective and remain their original meaning. There requires an interpretation approach. However, comprehensive interpretation even needs to build up a philosophical system, and then the definition of my interpretation approach is that: “Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs”, which is also referred to as “manifesting substance on the very function ”. Interpretation approach has also given justification of Zhu Xi’s “doubt about knowledge of speeches”, “principle of nature” in the academic circle and metaphysical approach in the contemporary neo-Confucianism. For constructing Wu Feng’s philosophic system, four kinds of argument have been constructed, namely “ ontology, cosmology, practice theory, and state-of-mind theory. Such four kinds of argument have been elaborated one by one. In interpretation and construction, with Wu Feng’s criticism of Tao and Buddha, the heart and core of the Confucius values go to benevolent morality, which are unshakable. Consequently, the philosophy of Wu Feng, that is to say (1) Interpretation approach (2) thinking justification of scholars (3) Theory construction and criticism of Tao and Buddha, whose standpoint of values have made up of three major key points in this paper. The paper concludes that “ Fu Feng’s dedication to educational undertaking in the turmoil of war has been considered as eminent and successful”, and he is acclaimed as an educationist handing down heritage from generation to generation. His Confucius theory is summed up with the special honor of “Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs”. I am with great anticipation that my paper may increase awareness of Wu Feng’s academic status in Chinese Philosophy. Key words: Fu Wu-Feng, Confucianism in the Southern Sung Dynasty, knowledge of speeches, Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs, principle of nature, Mou Chung-San, Tsung Shih-Li, concept of substance and function, ontology, cosmology, practice theory, state-of-mind theory Abstract Hu Hung（alias Wu Feng）initiated Hunan school of thought during the turmoil of war in the Southern Sung Dynasty, and it enjoys a glittering status in Confucianism, inheriting Confucianism in Northern Sung Dynasty and followed by Confucianism in Ming Dynasty. Besides his heritage, Wu Feng’s philosophy has its characteristics, which are cognitive, interpretative, and introspective and remain their original meaning. There requires an interpretation approach. However, comprehensive interpretation even needs to build up a philosophical system, and then the definition of my interpretation approach is that: “Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs”, which is also referred to as “manifesting substance on the very function ”. Interpretation approach has also given justification of Zhu Xi’s “doubt about knowledge of speeches”, “principle of nature” in the academic circle and metaphysical approach in the contemporary neo-Confucianism. For constructing Wu Feng’s philosophic system, four kinds of argument have been constructed, namely “ ontology, cosmology, practice theory, and state-of-mind theory. Such four kinds of argument have been elaborated one by one. In interpretation and construction, with Wu Feng’s criticism of Tao and Buddha, the heart and core of the Confucius values go to benevolent morality, which are unshakable. Consequently, the philosophy of Wu Feng, that is to say (1) Interpretation approach (2) thinking justification of scholars (3) Theory construction and criticism of Tao and Buddha, whose standpoint of values have made up of three major key points in this paper. The paper concludes that “ Fu Feng’s dedication to educational undertaking in the turmoil of war has been considered as eminent and successful”, and he is acclaimed as an educationist handing down heritage from generation to generation. His Confucius theory is summed up with the special honor of “Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs”. I am with great anticipation that my paper may increase awareness of Wu Feng’s academic status in Chinese Philosophy. Key words: Fu Wu-Feng, Confucianism in the Southern Sung Dynasty, knowledge of speeches, Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs, principle of nature, Mou Chung-San, Tsung Shih-Li, concept of substance and function, ontology, cosmology, practice theory, state-of-mind theory Abstract Hu Hung（alias Wu Feng）initiated Hunan school of thought during the turmoil of war in the Southern Sung Dynasty, and it enjoys a glittering status in Confucianism, inheriting Confucianism in Northern Sung Dynasty and followed by Confucianism in Ming Dynasty. Besides his heritage, Wu Feng’s philosophy has its characteristics, which are cognitive, interpretative, and introspective and remain their original meaning. There requires an interpretation approach. However, comprehensive interpretation even needs to build up a philosophical system, and then the definition of my interpretation approach is that: “Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs”, which is also referred to as “manifesting substance on the very function ”. Interpretation approach has also given justification of Zhu Xi’s “doubt about knowledge of speeches”, “principle of nature” in the academic circle and metaphysical approach in the contemporary neo-Confucianism. For constructing Wu Feng’s philosophic system, four kinds of argument have been constructed, namely “ ontology, cosmology, practice theory, and state-of-mind theory. Such four kinds of argument have been elaborated one by one. In interpretation and construction, with Wu Feng’s criticism of Tao and Buddha, the heart and core of the Confucius values go to benevolent morality, which are unshakable. Consequently, the philosophy of Wu Feng, that is to say (1) Interpretation approach (2) thinking justification of scholars (3) Theory construction and criticism of Tao and Buddha, whose standpoint of values have made up of three major key points in this paper. The paper concludes that “ Fu Feng’s dedication to educational undertaking in the turmoil of war has been considered as eminent and successful”, and he is acclaimed as an educationist handing down heritage from generation to generation. His Confucius theory is summed up with the special honor of “Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs”. I am with great anticipation that my paper may increase awareness of Wu Feng’s academic status in Chinese Philosophy. Key words: Fu Wu-Feng, Confucianism in the Southern Sung Dynasty, knowledge of speeches, Becoming a sage on the very daily affairs, principle of nature, Mou Chung-San, Tsung Shih-Li, concept of substance and function, ontology, cosmology, practice theory, state-of-mind theory
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yung-yue, Chang, and 張詠裕. "The Interpretation of Filtering Process Initiated from New Construction." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/59224405573109633778.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
建築與都市計畫學系碩士班
88
ABSTRACT There do have many housing problems in Taiwan when it is on the way to developed country. Therefore, it has been called the beggarliness in richness. According to the census in 1980, the vacancy rate of housing stock in Taiwan is 13.3% and shows the aberrant appearance in housing market. When housing demand exceeds housing supply in a free market, it will make the vacancy rate to be lower and the cost of housing will be gone up. The constructors are willing to produce more housing units. On the contrast, when housing demand is on the decrease, the vacancy rate of housing stock will heighten and the cost of housing will be gone down. The constructors will be reluctant to continue to build and the migration will happen slowly. Howbeit, these descriptions can not explain the housing stock in Taiwan. Although vacancy rate is about 13∼15％, it also make the cost of housing higher since 1986. It is due to monetary supply increase and opportunism. As a result, some different problems abort the defect of free market and most group living in low class appear. In fact, different angle shows several point as filtering is working or not and how to improve it. The research adopts the vacancy chain theory to discuss filtering which is dependent on new construction and describe the outline of welfare. On the other hand, we take vacancy chain to calculate the moving times of family to confirm filtering. Finally, the research will offer diplomacy to improve it. The research found the filtering is not apparent comparing with anticipation. Housing units in filtering process are older type apartments. The thinking of environment and condition is over fifteen years ago and some members about welfare raising is limited. Forasmuch as seeing, we think filtering is quite inefficient. As others like rental housing supply and perquisite is necessary. In spite of the filtering is not apparent ; the inference find out the higher price class is better than the middle one. The maximum in vacancy chain multiplicity also results from the higher one. This led to the consequence support to produce more units of higher price class. Motivating the owners of higher price housing to change their dwelling for that purpose of filtering.
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Chen, Chi-Jen, and 陳啟仁. "The “Tongbian” Theory of Wenxindiaolong: an interpretation and construction." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30974880926408612951.
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Lu, Hung-wei, and 呂鴻煒. "Home of City─The film interpretation and space construction." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83577004146830256496.
Full textAbstract:
碩士淡江大學
建築學系
88
In this thesis, the investigation tries to analyze the compositions of movie and understand the thought which the director is tempt to transmit for being a start to study the subjects of design and deliberation in architecture. The compositions in a movie include thereinafter: (1). The system of appearance: narrative and nonnarrative. (2). The system of style: cinematography, editing, mise-en-scene. Attempt to be different from the traditional scheme via a flat surface consideration, and construct a brand-new logic of concept to implement the compositions with the three-dimensional space. The operations in this thesis are shown as the following statements: 1. Subject discovery: In the movie directed by C. W. Wang, look for a subject to operate. 2. Subject decision: In the movie, the leading role plays an uneasy man with an identification of the ego in Hong Kong, and the city is flooded with the disorderly races and chaotic spaces. Therefore, a ''house'' is chosen for the operations in order to survey the manner and possibility of existence of architecture in a big city. 3. Design operation: Find a new technique in architecture via the appearance and style of movie. 4. Site fictitious structure: Sublimate the real environment and combine the fictitious site, like the movie exists on the screen. 5. Direction discussion: There are six surfaces on a cube, and each surface possesses four directions. The total amount of directions is equal to twenty-four. 6. Space structure: If the floors, walls and stairs are replaced mutually, the space structure will be thereby reconstructed and redefined a new type.
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Lin, Wei-Yu, and 林維俞. "Image Construction and Its Cultural Interpretation in Poster Design." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/gs5udz.
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博士國立臺灣師範大學
美術學系
106
This thesis originates from considering that the form of poster design should correspond with time changes, and aims at seeking for the entire solving solution for revealing, communication and value transmission after the messages and visual design are evaluated and arranged. The method of the poster design is based on the foundation of Jean Baudrillard’s simulation theory and cultural image construction discourse, and the topics of the posters are divided into five types which are extension activities of literature, extension activities of environmental protection, extension activities of ecological conservation, extension activities of art exhibition and extension activities of floral design. The information about the poster series would be elaborated according to different media, technique modes and methods and using situation of time and background in the thesis, and would present significant findings and perspectives to conduct the context research and interpret the cultural images. The outcome of the posters reveals the integrated application techniques of augmented reality and virtual reality, of which concept are built upon the static images of poster design constructed by digital media. From selecting the activity issues, the whole thesis presents that the creation and research process could be regarded as a real activity of the reconstruction of virtuality, and also a “simulation” interpretation from symbols to cultural images, after the qualitative description for the expressing of ideas, the composition of the images and the meaning of pictorial symbols. The discussion after the creation process emphasizes on how to represent the core concept into more diverse facets and even become the appearance that has been consumed; while selecting the topics, the observation of the social incidents, affective comprehension, creation process and mind organization should be initially and systematically developed. The role media play in corresponding to the contemporary vocabularies relates to how the “simulation” forms, so the creators should possess the ability to self-examine and critique when facing media information.
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KIIKERI, Markku. "The theory and practice of comparative legal reasoning : from inspiration to rational legal justification." Doctoral thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4672.
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