Relevant bibliographies by topics / Interpretation and construction

Academic literature on the topic 'Interpretation and construction'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Interpretation and construction"

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Thomas, H. Randolph, Gary R. Smith, and Robert E. Mellott. "Interpretation of Construction Contracts." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 120, no. 2 (June 1994): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9364(1994)120:2(321).

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Raffy, Clémentine, Marta Donazzan, and Klaus Von Heusinger. "syntax and semantics of laisser in causative constructions." Isogloss. Open Journal of Romance Linguistics 10, no. 4 (March 1, 2024): 1–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/isogloss.320.

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The French verb laisser (‘to let’) allows for two different syntactic constructions, an Exceptional Case Marking (ECM) construction and a Faire-Infinitive (FI) construction with a postverbal Causee, and for two different interpretations, authorize and not-intervene. According to previous studies (e.g. Kayne 1975), constructions are related to interpretations: the ECM can express intentionality, the FI cannot. In this paper, we explore a different hypothesis: the ECM construction is underspecified and allows for both interpretations, while the FI is restricted to the not-intervening interpretation. We provide empirical evidence from three distinct forced choice tasks in which participants had to match constructions and interpretations. The results reveal that, contrary to both early observations and our initial hypothesis, both constructions may allow for both interpretations, and variation depends less on the syntactic configuration than on semantic and pragmatic factors, namely on the lexical inferences triggered by the embedded verb and the authority relation between Causer and Causee expressed in the contexts.
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Ambridge, Ben, Claire H. Noble, and Elena V. M. Lieven. "The semantics of the transitive causative construction: Evidence from a forced-choice pointing study with adults and children." Cognitive Linguistics 25, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2014-0012.

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AbstractAdults and children aged 3;0–3;6 were presented with ungrammatical NVN uses of intransitive-only verbs (e.g., *Bob laughed Wendy) and asked – by means of a forced-choice pointing task – to select either a causal construction-meaning interpretation (e.g., ‘Bob made Wendy laugh’) or a non-causal sentence-repair interpretation (e.g., ‘Bob laughed at Wendy’). Both age groups chose casual construction-meaning interpretations on at least 82% of trials, regardless of (a) verb frequency and (b) the construction used for grammatical control/filler trials (transitive – e.g., Bob moved Wendy – or intransitive – e.g., Wendy moved). These findings constitute support for cognitive linguistic approaches under which verb argument structure constructions have meanings in and of themselves and – further – suggest that construction meaning is sufficiently powerful as to overrule verb meaning when the two conflict.
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Bergmann, Martin A. "Reik's Confession: Construction or Interpretation." Psychoanalytic Review 98, no. 2 (April 2011): 247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/prev.2011.98.2.247.

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Smith, Patricia G. "CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION BY STRICT CONSTRUCTION." Journal of Social Philosophy 19, no. 2 (June 1988): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9833.1988.tb00397.x.

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Rescigno, A. "Models: Their Construction and Interpretation." International Journal of Biological Markers 9, no. 1 (January 1994): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089400900101.

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HAMILTON-MILLER, J. M. T. "Construction and interpretation of isobolograms." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 36, no. 6 (1995): 1104–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/36.6.1104.

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Weiling, Luo, and Liang Deng. "Legal Construction of Algorithm Interpretation." NAVEIÑ REET: Nordic Journal of Law and Social Research, no. 9 (December 17, 2019): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nnjlsr.v1i9.122157.

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Nowadays the development of AI technology is not yet mature, let alone the legal definition and regulation of its type, even the type of technology itself is full of uncertain factors. Because of the rapid development of technology and the openness of theories, scientists have not yet formed a unified consensus and system on cutting-edge technical issues. Therefore, at present, governments all over the world are actively formulating the development plans of AI, but the supervision and regulation of AI are scattered and lagging behind. There is nothing wrong with encouraging the development of new technologies, but the application of technologies requires a responsible response to various ethical demands from human society. No matter what form of AI technology and its application are inseparable from the algorithm and the issue of “algorithm accountability” may probably be a focus of legal regulations on AI and the path of accountability is algorithm interpretation. It is desirable but regrettable that the EU’s GDPR stipulates the non-binding “right to explanation”. But the stop of GDPR is exactly the starting point of constructing the algorithm interpretation mechanism in law.
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JANKE, VIKKI, and LAURA R. BAILEY. "Effects of discourse on control." Journal of Linguistics 53, no. 3 (September 21, 2016): 533–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226716000281.

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This study examined discourse effects on obligatory and non-obligatory control interpretations. Seventy participants undertook three online forced-choice surveys, which monitored preferred interpretations in complement control, verbal gerund subject control, long-distance control and sentence-final temporal adjunct control. Survey 1 ascertained their baseline interpretations of the empty category in these constructions. Survey 2 primed the critical sentences used in survey 1 with a weakly established topic of discourse and survey 3 primed them with a strongly established one. Reference assignment in complement control remained consistent across all three conditions, illustrating that pragmatics does not infiltrate this structurally regulated and syntactically unambiguous construction. Changes in interpretation were found in the remaining three constructions. An accessibility-motivated scale of influence, combining three independent discourse factors (topichood, competition and linear distance) was created to model reference determination in verbal gerund subject control and long-distance control. The results for temporal adjunct control are novel. They revealed a much stronger susceptibility to pragmatic interference than that reported in the literature yet the construction behaved differently from non-obligatory control under discourse pressure. We propose a structural account for sentence-final temporal adjunct control, which permits the evident interpretation shift while still excluding arbitrary and sentence-external interpretations.
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Herlina, Herlina, Hamzah A. Machmoed, and Sukmawaty. "The Analysis of Sentence Construction and Meaning Interpretation of English Break Verbs and their Verbs Equivalence in Buginese Language." EDUVELOP 5, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31605/eduvelop.v5i2.1346.

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The purpose of this research is to compare the sentence form and meaning interpretation of 'Break' Verbs in English and Buginese. The sentence construction and the meaning interpretation of verbs confined to Break Verb from English and Buginese language were compared with regards to Dixon’s Affect Verbs Construction and Halliday’s Functional Grammar Construction. The data of this research were collected from two sources. The English data were collected from British National Corpus (BNC) while the Buginese Data was collected from field observation and interview on Soppeng Buginese speaking community. The data were collected and analyzed using Descriptive Qualitative Methods. According to the findings of this study, it was found eighteen Break Verbs in the English language and nineteen in the Buginese language; 2) The ‘Break’ Verbs in both languages are realized into sentences through a number of selections of constructions set up in the two theories that were examined in this research and some additional constructions where each construction plays some contribution to the meaning interpretation; 3) The Break Verbs found in both languages have some similarities and differences regarding their sentence construction and meaning interpretation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Interpretation and construction"

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Mutis-Sin, Ivan A. "Framework for interpretation of construction concept representations." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0021272.

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曹永強 and Wing-keung Tommy Cho. "Judicial interpretation / fictionalization." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972731.

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Du, Toit Gerhard. "The significance of postmodern theories of interpretation for contractual interpretation : a critical analysis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1245.

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Thesis (LLD (Mercantile Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
The objective of this study is to examine the significance of postmodern insights regarding interpretation (especially the rejection of intentionalism) and subjectivity for contractual interpretation theory. In Part One (consisting of chapters 2-5), the leading postmodern insights on interpretation, individual autonomy, texts and intentionalism are discussed. This is done by analysing the present interpretive practice in four chapters: 1) Different theories of interpretation ranging from objectivism and natural law theories to post-structuralism are discussed in chapter 2. 2) In chapter 3 individual autonomy (as advocated by liberal theorists) is contrasted with communitarianism in order to problematize the notion of contracting parties as autonomous, self-regulating beings. By highlighting criticism against liberalism and communitarianism, and also by suggesting critical self-rule as an alternative, the assertion that contracting parties are autonomous and self-regulating is contested. 3) The process of textual definition is critically analysed with emphasis on the position reflected by the application of the parol-evidence rule and also post-structuralist ideas on the definition of texts in chapter 4. It is shown that textual definition consists of interpretation rather than identification. 4) The nature of intention and the process of intention “discovery” are analysed in chapter 5. Because of the centrality of intention in contractual practice, alternative theories on intention (and its role during interpretation) are postulated and it is suggested that post-structuralism can provide a critically reflective theory of intention. It is clear (from the critical analysis of intentionalism) that the way intention is presently approached is theoretically flawed. It is also apparent from the critique of liberal beliefs held regarding the nature of interpretation, subjectivity and the definition of texts that the theoretical foundations of these beliefs are fundamentally flawed. A critical re-imagination of contractual interpretation is necessary. In Part Two, questions about the justifiability of the present interpretive theories are posed. In chapter 6 the practical implications of a new theoretical basis for contractual interpretation are considered by examining the way various rules of interpretation are influenced by the new theoretical basis of interpretation. Three “rules” are examined: 1) The golden rule of interpretation is examined because of its reliance on intentionalist assumptions; 2) the parol-evidence rule is examined because of its relation to positivist assumptions about the definition of texts; 3) the relevance of bona fides as a substantial remedy during the interpretation of the contract is analysed to reveal assumptions about the nature of legal subjectivity in which the present consideration of the bona fides is grounded. It is shown that rules depend not on their content for operation, but rather on the assumptions upon which they are grounded. In short, we do not have to do away with our rules of contractual interpretation, but we have to re-evaluate how we apply those rules. The final part of this dissertation consists of a summary of the conclusions drawn during the course of this study.
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Wong, Pik-ha, and 王碧霞. "Interpretation of symbols and construction of algebraic knowledge." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242431.

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Wong, Pik-ha. "Interpretation of symbols and construction of algebraic knowledge." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23457181.

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Ketlhoilwe, Mphemelang Joseph. "Genesis of environmental education policy in Botswana : construction and interpretation /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/908/.

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Babalola, Olubi Oluyomi. "A model based framework for semantic interpretation of architectural construction drawings." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47553.

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The study addresses the automated translation of architectural drawings from 2D Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) data into a Building Information Model (BIM), with emphasis on the nature, possible role, and limitations of a drafting language Knowledge Representation (KR) on the problem and process. The central idea is that CAD to BIM translation is a complex diagrammatic interpretation problem requiring a domain (drafting language) KR to render it tractable and that such a KR can take the form of an information model. Formal notions of drawing-as-language have been advanced and studied quite extensively for close to 25 years. The analogy implicitly encourages comparison between problem structures in both domains, revealing important similarities and offering guidance from the more mature field of Natural Language Understanding (NLU). The primary insight we derive from NLU involves the central role that a formal language description plays in guiding the process of interpretation (inferential reasoning), and the notable absence of a comparable specification for architectural drafting. We adopt a modified version of Engelhard's approach which expresses drawing structure in terms of a symbol set, a set of relationships, and a set of compositional frameworks in which they are composed. We further define an approach for establishing the features of this KR, drawing upon related work on conceptual frameworks for diagrammatic reasoning systems. We augment this with observation of human subjects performing a number of drafting interpretation exercises and derive some understanding of its inferential nature therefrom. We consider this indicative of the potential range of inferential processes a computational drafting model should ideally support. The KR is implemented as an information model using the EXPRESS language because it is in the public domain and is the implementation language of the target Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) model. We draw extensively from the IFC library to demonstrate that it can be applied in this manner, and apply the MVD methodology in defining the scope and interface of the DOM and IFC. This simplifies the IFC translation process significantly and minimizes the need for mapping. We conclude on the basis of selective implementations that a model reflecting the principles and features we define can indeed provide needed and otherwise unavailable support in drafting interpretation and other problems involving reasoning with this class of diagrammatic representations.
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Matsubara, Shigeki, Hitomi Tohyama, and Takahiro Ono. "Construction and Analysis of Word-level Time-aligned Simultaneous Interpretation Corpus." ACL(Association for computational linguistics), 2008. http://aclweb.org/anthology/.

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Catterwell, Ryan Ronald. "CONSTRUCTION IN CONTRACT LAW: A LOGICAL AND STRUCTURED APPROACH." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17990.

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Construction is a pervasive feature in contract law. It is a technique employed to define a contractual rule, ie, a rule that makes up part of a contract. In construction, the objective intention of the parties is inferred from the choice of words in the contract. But construction has a narrow focus: the aim is to resolve a particular question of intention. From this starting point, construction fits within a logical structure. It consists of four stages. First, the relevant question is defined. The question may relate to any aspect of the contractual relationship. Second, potential answers to the question are put forward. Each answer amounts to a competing ‘construction’, ie, a competing formulation of the disputed rule that forms part of the contract. Third, arguments in support of each construction are formulated. The arguments are built from the admissible materials, ie, the text, the potential meanings for words, the background to the transaction, the purpose of the contract, the consequences of the competing constructions, and normative factors, such as business commonsense. In the final stage, the ‘correct’ construction is chosen as a matter of probable intention by evaluating the competing arguments. The benefits of the proposed model are two-fold. First, it offers a comprehensible means of understanding construction at a level of sophistication warranted by the complexity of the process. Through the model, one can understand the reasons for a decision in a construction case in terms of the composition of competing arguments at play. In particular, construction disputes often involve a tension between: (i) arguments as to intention drawn from the meaning of the words agreed; and (ii) arguments as to intention that are based on the purpose of the contract or the consequences of the competing constructions. Usually, in the case of such tension, the construction that succeeds is the one that fits best with the contract taken as a whole. Understanding construction in this manner can bring clarity and consistency to judicial reasoning in construction. It can also explain the role of construction in contract law. This is the second benefit of the model. By defining construction in its core interpretative function, it can be distinguished from analogous contract law techniques. The contractual relationship is governed by a combination of rules agreed by the parties and rules imposed by doctrine and statute. Contract law employs a variety of techniques and processes to administer these rules. Construction is but one of these techniques: it is the primary means through which contractual rules are defined. However, contractual rules can also be defined as a matter of implication or rectification. In addition, many doctrinal rules require conclusions regarding intention that may or may not be established on a constructional basis. Hence, the thesis presents not only a novel way to understand construction, but also a fresh perspective on the nature of contract law.
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Tohyama, Hitomi, 茂樹 松原, Shigeki Matsubara, 信夫 河口, Nobuo Kawaguchi, and Yasuyoshi Inagaki. "Construction and Utilization of Bilingual Speech Corpus for Simultaneous Machine Interpretation Research." International Speech Communication Association, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/93.

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Books on the topic "Interpretation and construction"

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Stecker, Robert, ed. Interpretation and Construction. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470776186.

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1931-, Kriele Martin, and Atienza Manuel, eds. Interpretation des Heiligen, Interpretation des Rechts =: Interpretation of the sacred, interpretation of law. Münster: Lit, 1999.

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Buang, Salleh. Statutory interpretation. Ampang Jaya, Selangor: Central Law Book, 1996.

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Eskridge, William N. Statutory interpretation. [Toronto: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2001.

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N, Eskridge William. Statutory interpretation. Toronto: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2001.

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Sualog, Cyrus Victor T. Construction and interpretation of the laws. Manila, Philippines: Published and distributed by Rex Book Store, 2015.

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Eskridge, William N. Dynamic statutory interpretation. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1994.

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Bung, Jochen. Subsumtion und Interpretation. Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2004.

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Jellum, Linda D. Mastering statutory interpretation. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2013.

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Badaiki, A. D. Interpretation of statutes. Mushin, Lagos, Nigeria: Tiken Publishers, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Interpretation and construction"

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Solimene, Fabio. "Interpretation of construction contracts." In The Law and Practice of Complex Construction Projects, 312–30. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003387718-37.

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Beadnall, Stuart, and Simon Moore. "Scope of work and interpretation of contracts." In Offshore Construction, 73–84. 2nd ed. London: Informa Law from Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367855574-4.

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Stefanowitsch, Anatol. "Collocational overlap can guide metaphor interpretation." In Aspects of Meaning Construction, 143–67. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.136.10ste.

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Deng, Jiushuai, Suping Peng, Liang Wang, Yinli Bi, Jun Yao, and Qiongjie Wang. "Green Mine Construction Rating Sheet." In Interpretation of Green Mine Evaluation Index, 19–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5433-6_3.

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Cao, Yang, Ruoyu Yan, Jun Tan, and Shijie Cai. "Automatic Interpretation of Construction Structure Drawings." In Graphics Recognition Recent Advances, 298–304. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-40953-x_26.

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Hayase, Naoko. "The Role of Figure, Ground, and Coercion in Aspectual Interpretation." In Lexical and Syntactical Constructions and the Construction of Meaning, 33. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.150.06hay.

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Yan, Fengmin. "Qualitative Perspectives: Framing as a Process of Interpretation." In Image, Reality and Media Construction, 93–141. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9076-1_6.

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Bennett, Brian W., and Jonathan M. Blocker. "Interpretation and Requirements of Contract Specifications." In Construction Contract Claims, Changes, and Dispute Resolution, 91–116. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784414293.ch04.

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Bernardo, Ivelize Rocha, Michela Borges, Maria Cecília Calani Baranauskas, and André Santanchè. "Interpretation of Construction Patterns for Biodiversity Spreadsheets." In Enterprise Information Systems, 397–414. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22348-3_22.

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Fitzsimmons, Pat, Jim Pitman, and Marc Yor. "Markovian Bridges: Construction, Palm Interpretation, and Splicing." In Seminar on Stochastic Processes, 1992, 101–34. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0339-1_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Interpretation and construction"

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Udaipurwala, Asad H., and Alan D. Russell. "Hierarchical Clustering for Interpretation of Spatial Configuration." In Construction Research Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40754(183)111.

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Hamie, Jamileh, and Mohamed-Asem Abdul-Malak. "Rules-Based Approach for Construction Contract Documents Interpretation." In Construction Research Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481271.019.

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Motazed, Behnam. "Interpretation of Magnetic Sensing for Construction Inspection." In 2nd International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc1985/0009.

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"Interpretation of risk management among small construction enterprises." In WABER 2019 Conference. WABER Conference, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33796/waberconference2019.52.

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Long, Yang, Gui-Song Xia, Wen Yang, Liangpei Zhang, and Deren Li. "Toward Dataset Construction for Remote Sensing Image Interpretation." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9554321.

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Zulkarnaen, Rafiq. "Mathematical Reasoning Ability Through Interpretation-construction Design Model." In University of Muhammadiyah Malang's 1st International Conference of Mathematics Education (INCOMED 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/incomed-17.2018.34.

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Qian, Junyan, Lingzhong Zhao, Guoyong Cai, and Tianlong Gu. "Automatic Construction of Complete Abstraction by Abstract Interpretation." In 2009 Eighth IEEE/ACIS International Conference on Computer and Information Science. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icis.2009.145.

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Ren, Huamin, Heri Ramampiaro, Yongdong Zhang, and Shouxun Lin. "An Incremental Clustering based codebook construction in video copy detection." In 2012 IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis & Interpretation (SSIAI). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ssiai.2012.6202489.

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Sun, Qianchen, Mohammed Elshafie, Chris Barker, Anthony Fisher, and Andrew Bell. "Data Interpretation Framework for Pile Thermal Integrity Testing." In The 2nd International Conference on Civil Infrastructure and Construction. Qatar University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/cic.2023.0101.

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Given the inherent nature of how deep cast in-situ concrete foundations (piles and diaphragm walls) are constructed, evaluating their integrity is difficult. Several well-established methods for testing integrity have been established, but each has its own advantages and disadvantages. In recent years, a new integrity test method called thermal integrity profiling (TIP) has been put into use in deep foundation construction. The primary characteristic utilised in this test is the early-age concrete release of heat during curing; abnormalities such as voids, necking, bulging, and/or soil intrusion inside the concrete body lead to local temperature fluctuations. During concrete curing, temperature sensors installed on the reinforcing cage collect precise temperature data along the entire pile, allowing empirical identification of these temperature variations. This paper proposes a staged data interpretation framework for pile integrity assessment, with the thermal integrity test serving as the initial step. The framework, which is adaptable to different concrete mixtures and pile designs, utilises the heat of hydration and the theory of heat transmission, as well as numerical modelling with the Finite Element (FE) method. It also adopts a staged procedure to assess the as-built quality; for a particular pile, more details are revealed about any anomalies being investigated (including location, size and shape) at each subsequent stage. The primary advantage of this staged process is that it enables practitioners to follow a risk-based approach and decide whether or not to pursue subsequent stages of construction depending on the results they get at the end of each stage. This provides practicing engineers with vital information about the quality of the pile immediately after pile building, so permitting immediate and less expensive repair and remedial work if required.
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Wen, He, and Simaan AbouRizk. "Interpretation Conflict in Helmet Recognition under Adversarial Attack." In 41st International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction. International Association for Automation and Robotics in Construction (IAARC), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22260/isarc2024/0082.

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Reports on the topic "Interpretation and construction"

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Andersen, Torben, and Oleg Bondarenko. Construction and Interpretation of Model-Free Implied Volatility. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13449.

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Kriegel, Francesco. Learning General Concept Inclusions in Probabilistic Description Logics. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.220.

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Probabilistic interpretations consist of a set of interpretations with a shared domain and a measure assigning a probability to each interpretation. Such structures can be obtained as results of repeated experiments, e.g., in biology, psychology, medicine, etc. A translation between probabilistic and crisp description logics is introduced and then utilised to reduce the construction of a base of general concept inclusions of a probabilistic interpretation to the crisp case for which a method for the axiomatisation of a base of GCIs is well-known.
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Cook, Steven. Understanding the construction and interpretation of forecast evaluation statistics using computer-based tutorial exercises. Bristol, UK: The Economics Network, October 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.53593/n143a.

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Breland, Benjamin, Lucas Walshire, Maureen Corcoran, Julie Kelley, Janet Simms, Danny Harrelson, and Mansour Zakikhani. Old River Control Complex (ORCC) Low Sill : a literature synthesis. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46630.

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The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), New Orleans District (MVN), tasked the US Army Engineer and Research Development Center (ERDC) with assessing the condition of a grouted scour hole located at the southeast wall of the Old River Low Sill Structure (ORLSS) at the Old River Control Complex (ORCC) using noninvasive techniques, such as geophysical surveys and physical models. This special report (SR) combines a scientific literature synthesis of previous research with further geologic interpretation as a first step in the overall task assigned by MVN. The results discussed in this SR will be used to inform the interpretation of geophysical surveys, construction of physical models, and input for the slope stability analyses.
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5

McMartin, I., M. S. Gauthier, and A. V. Page. Updated post-glacial marine limits along western Hudson Bay, central mainland Nunavut and northern Manitoba. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330940.

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A digital compilation of updated postglacial marine limits was completed in the coastal regions of central mainland Nunavut and northern Manitoba between Churchill and Queen Maud Gulf. The compilation builds on and updates previous mapping of the marine limits at an unprecedented scale, making use of high-resolution digital elevation models, new field-based observations of the marine limit and digital compilations of supporting datasets (i.e. marine deltas and marine sediments). The updated mapping also permits a first-hand, knowledgedriven interpolation of a continuous limit of marine inundation linking the Tyrrell Sea to Arctic Ocean seawaters. The publication includes a detailed description of the mapping methods, a preliminary interpretation of the results, and a GIS scalable layout map for easy access to the various layers. These datasets and outputs provide robust constraints to reconstruct the patterns of ice retreat and for glacio-isostatic rebound models, important for the estimation of relative sea level changes and impacts on the construction of nearshore sea-transport infrastructures. They can also be used to evaluate the maximum extent of marine sediments and associated permafrost conditions that can affect land-based infrastructures, and potential secondary processes related to marine action in the surficial environment and, therefore, can enhance the interpretation of geochemical anomalies in glacial drift exploration methods. A generalized map of the maximum limit of postglacial marine inundation produced for map representation and readability also constitutes an accessible output relevant to Northerners and other users of geoscience data.
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6

Borchmann, Daniel, Felix Distel, and Francesco Kriegel. Axiomatization of General Concept Inclusions from Finite Interpretations. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.219.

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Description logic knowledge bases can be used to represent knowledge about a particular domain in a formal and unambiguous manner. Their practical relevance has been shown in many research areas, especially in biology and the semantic web. However, the tasks of constructing knowledge bases itself, often performed by human experts, is difficult, time-consuming and expensive. In particular the synthesis of terminological knowledge is a challenge every expert has to face. Because human experts cannot be omitted completely from the construction of knowledge bases, it would therefore be desirable to at least get some support from machines during this process. To this end, we shall investigate in this work an approach which shall allow us to extract terminological knowledge in the form of general concept inclusions from factual data, where the data is given in the form of vertex and edge labeled graphs. As such graphs appear naturally within the scope of the Semantic Web in the form of sets of RDF triples, the presented approach opens up the possibility to extract terminological knowledge from the Linked Open Data Cloud. We shall also present first experimental results showing that our approach has the potential to be useful for practical applications.
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Morgan. L52019 Evaluating the Size of Weld Defects Using Automated Ultrasonic Testing. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011267.

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The use of X-rays to test the girth welds of pipelines during construction is gradually giving way to new automated ultrasonic technology.� This has many advantages, including the ability to measure the size of any defect present.� This allows small, benign defects to be left in the weld without any reduction in its strength. The critical size of any defect is its extent through the pipe wall thickness (its �height�), and, to a lesser extent, its length along the weld.� The accuracy of measuring these quantities is clearly important in ensuring that the small effects left are indeed small.� There has been little data available on the effectiveness of the sizing process.� This study used existing ultrasonic data to evaluate size accuracies against measurements taken when the weld was cut open.� A good range of types of defect was available. It is concluded that the size values estimated are generally safely over-sized.� This makes for a conservative estimate of the defects significance.� Except for one defect of difficult shape, other exceptions can be ascribed to the variability of operator interpretation.
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Kiefner, J. F., J. M. Tuten, and T. A. Wall. L51516 Preventing Pipeline Failure in Areas of Soil Movement - Part 1. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010303.

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Ordinarily, buried pipelines undergo little or no movement in service. In a stable soil environment the longitudinal stress in a pipeline seldom approaches the limiting design value set by applicable codes and regulations. Pipeline serviceability under such conditions is seldom, if ever, threatened by the degree of longitudinal stress. In contrast, localized areas may exist along a pipeline where soils and/or slopes are unstable or where subsidence or differential settlement can occur. In these areas, longitudinal stresses may become severe enough to cause a failure. Over the years various techniques have been developed to monitor the status of pipelines in unstable areas, and various remedial techniques have been attempted. In more recent times, with the advent of Arctic and offshore pipelining, such potential movements of pipelines are being taken into account in the initial designs. In any case, there is a continuing need to develop better monitoring and remedial techniques to prevent pipeline failures in unstable soil areas. The objectives of this project are to develop a versatile and reliable prototype strain monitoring system, to demonstrate its applicability on an actual pipeline, and to establish allowable limits on strains due to soil movement or subsidence. The scope of the project includes:(1) Review of previous or on-going monitoring efforts by others.(2) Analysis of strains and development of models to predict strain behavior(3) Calculations to establish limits on strains(4) The design and construction of a microprocessor-controlled automatic monitoring system(5) The implementation of the system on an actual pipeline(6) The collection, analysis and interpretation of strain data from the system.
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9

Rosenfeld, Hart, and Zulfiqar. L51994 Acceptance Criteria for Mild Ripples in Pipeline Field Bends. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010395.

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Field bends in large diameter pipe are routinely used in the construction of oil and gas pipelines. Mild ripples along the intrados are often unavoidable where such bends have a high D/t or high yield strength. Present regulations and industry standards differ in their treatment of mild ripples, ranging from silence to prohibition, depending upon interpretation. Consequently, the application of acceptance standards for such features is inconsistent, leading to variable standards of inspection and probable scrapping of otherwise sound bends. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to estimate the effect of ripple magnitude and spacing on stresses due to pressure and bending. Stress concentration factors derived from the models were used with a suitable fatigue damage rule to estimate the effect of ripple parameters on service life. Results were benchmarked against the available test data. The results indicate that (1) mild or shallow ripples up to 2 percent of the pipe diameter in crest-to-trough dimension would not be expected to be harmful in gas transmission pipelines operating under conditions normally encountered in the gas transportation industry; (2) mild or shallow ripples up to 1 percent of the pipe diameter in crest-to-trough dimension would not be expected to be harmful in hazardous liquid transportation pipelines operating under conditions normally encountered in the liquid transportation industry; (3) the presence of ripples could eventually be harmful to long-term integrity in a severe cyclic loading (pressure, thermal expansion, flow-induced vibration) environment, or where soil movement could take place. Recommendations are made for ASME Code criteria specifically permitting mild ripples within stated limits.
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10

Gatt, Judith. Revisiting the construction techniques of harbour structures in Classical and Helenistic Cyprus, 480-31 BC. Honor Frost Foundation, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33583/mags2021.06.

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This short report presents a preliminary study of harbour structures in Classical and Hellenistic Cyprus, 480–31 BC. Previous research on the island has already compiled a rich corpus of information on the subject (e.g., Raban, 1995; Leonard, 2005; Theodoulou, 2006; Empereur et al., 2017). Despite these considerable efforts, the construction techniques of harbours have been constantly examined through the interpretative framework of the Phoenician and Greek traditions (Raban, 1995; Marangou, 1997; Theodoulou, 2006). While acknowledging its limitations, this study attempts to objectively characterize the construction techniques identified in Cyprus through the case study of Amathus, a submerged Hellenistic harbour on the south coast.
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