Academic literature on the topic 'Interplay of actors'
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Journal articles on the topic "Interplay of actors"
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Fehrer, Julia A., Jodie Conduit, Carolin Plewa, Loic Pengtao Li, Elina Jaakkola, and Matthew Alexander. "Market shaping dynamics: interplay of actor engagement and institutional work." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 35, no. 9 (September 24, 2020): 1425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-03-2019-0131.
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Purpose Combining institutional work and actor engagement (AE) literature, this paper aims to elucidate how the collective action of market shaping occurs through the interplay between market shapers’ institutional work and engagement of other market actors. While markets are shaped by actors’ purposive actions and recent literature notes the need to also mobilize AE, the underlying process remains nebulous. Design/methodology/approach This paper is conceptual but supported by an illustrative case study: the Winding Tree. This blockchain-based, decentralized travel marketplace shapes a market by decoupling existing resource linkages, creating new ones and stabilizing others through a dynamic, iterative process between the market shaper’s institutional work and others’ AE. Findings The paper develops a dynamic, iterative framework of market shaping through increased resource density, revealing the interplay between seven types of market shapers’ institutional work distilled from the literature and changes in other market actors’ engagement dispositions, behaviors and the diffusion of AE through the market. Originality/value This research contributes to the emergent market shaping and market innovation literature by illustrating how the engagement of market actors is a fundamental means of market shaping. Specifically, it advances understanding of how market shapers’ institutional work leads to new resource linkages and higher resource density in emergent market systems through AE. The resultant framework offers an original, critical foundation for future market shaping research.
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Ali Zaman Shah. "Geopolitical Significance of Balochistan: Interplay of Foreign Actors." Strategic Studies 37, no. 3 (October 16, 2017): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.037.03.00213.
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The geographical location of Balochistan makes it an important region. The province, being the best possible and the shortest route to the Arabian Sea, has attracted the key international and regional players, including China, India, the US, Iran, the Central Asian Republics (CARs) and Afghanistan. Each player wanted to utilise this region to pursue its geopolitical and geostrategic interests. The building of Gwadar port and the development of Balochistan under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is going to be a game changer for Pakistan’s socio-economic development. A fully operational Gwadar port will enhance Pakistan’s commercial activities and its connectivity with oil-rich Gulf states, the CARs, Afghanistan, China and with the rest of the world. Therefore, CPEC, under the Chinese One Belt One Road (OBOR) initiative, has enhanced the significance of the Balochistan province. However, it has also added to the concern of the adversaries of Pakistan and China, particularly India and the US. To counter the viability of Gwadar, India has started to invest considerably in the development of the Iranian Chabahar port. Since China’s rivalry with the US and India’s with Pakistan has been a recurring theme in the global and regional politics respectively. It is Iran’s strategic partnership with India, which has been stirring doubts in Pakistan. The episode of arrest of the Indian spy, Kulbhushan Jhadav, has confirmed the involvement of India’s intelligence agency — Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) — and endorsed all other reports on the foreign involvement in supporting the insurgency in Balochistan. In this milieu, this study is an effort to factor in the foreign elements in the current instability in the province.
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Freytag, Per Vagn, and Kristian Philipsen. "Shaping business through and within networks: evolving from a traditional to a digital firm." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 5 (June 3, 2019): 1079–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2018-0302.
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Purpose Although individual and business actors are often mentioned as an important part of clarifying the stages that firms and their networks go through from starting up to becoming established, most studies have emphasised activities and resources rather than actors. Therefore, more needs to be known about how actors shape and are shaped through and within firms’ networks. Design/methodology/approach To clarify the process of reshaping business in networks, the focus of this study is on the role of actors in firms’ networks during the main stages of development. The major events for each stage are described in terms of how these events affect the interaction, alignment and interfaces between individual actors and business actors with a focus on individual and collective interests. Findings The individual actor plays a key role in the start-up stage, whereas the business actor has a key role in the final stage when the firm has become an important player in the industry. In later stages, the individual actor plays a gradually decreasing role and the business actor an increasing role. However, it appears that an analysis of the interplay between the two levels of analysis provides deeper insight into the shaping. Originality/value This study provides new insights into the role of the actor and how the actor shapes and is shaped by a firm and its network in different stages. Further, the study contributes by clarifying actors’ roles on two levels of analysis and shows the roles of interests, conflicts, interfaces and alignment in shaping firms and their networks.
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Avarmaa, Mari, Lasse Torkkeli, Laivi Laidroo, and Ekaterina Koroleva. "The interplay of entrepreneurial ecosystem actors and conditions in FinTech ecosystems: An empirical analysis." Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation 18, no. 4 (2022): 79–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.7341/20221843.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of actors and ecosystem conditions in the development of the FinTech ecosystems in Tallinn and Moscow. METHODOLOGY: The study develops a framework for investigating entrepreneurial ecosystems, combining ecosystem actors with ecosystem conditions. The framework is implemented through a comparative case study of FinTech ecosystems in Tallinn and Moscow, with data drawn from 35 semi-structured interviews and processed by means of thematic analysis. The primary data is supplemented with data from secondary sources. FINDINGS: The findings show how the ecosystem conditions and actors are interdependent in the FinTech ecosystems. Tallinn is an example of a strong entrepreneurial culture with its small market, advanced technological infrastructure, and talent, which leads to the dominance of the FinTech start-ups and the emergence of an active FinTech cluster organization. In Moscow, the institutional context, concentration of financial capital, and its large home market with a loyal customer base limit start-ups’ ability to grow and form the ecosystem. IMPLICATIONS: The study contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial ecosystems and emerging technologies by integrating the streams of research on entrepreneurial ecosystems and FinTech ecosystems, combining FinTech actors with entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions. It also highlights the implications of variations of entrepreneurial culture, characteristics of the domestic demand and formal institutions in the development of ecosystems. It demonstrates that ecosystem conditions are likely to contribute to the emergence of the dominant actor in a particular ecosystem. Our results also suggest that when aiming to develop the FinTech ecosystem in a city, the support given to FinTech cluster organizations is essential. Facilitating university–industry cooperation through the cluster organizations or direct partnerships can contribute to the development of FinTech ecosystems. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: To our knowledge, this is the first study to illustrate how specific entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions lead to configurations with different types of ecosystem actors, and to illustrate how specific ecosystem conditions impact the way in which actors develop and operate and how the ecosystem configuration is structured. These have been notable omissions in extant entrepreneurial ecosystem research until now. The present study also illustrates sectoral variations in entrepreneurial ecosystems while highlighting the distinct features of emerging ecosystems. It also contributes to the emerging literature on FinTech ecosystems through a comparative empirical perspective, thereby enhancing understanding of local conditions necessary for developing and maintaining FinTech ecosystems in different contexts.
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Bogdanova, Elena, Konstantin Filant, Medeya Ivanova, Tatiana Romanenko, Ludmila Voronina, Kamrul Hossain, Praskovia Filant, Sergei Andronov, and Andrey Lobanov. "Strengthening Collaboration of the Indigenous Peoples in the Russian Arctic: Adaptation in the COVID-19 Pandemic Times." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 3225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063225.
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The article presents the challenges of the Indigenous peoples’ interplay with the key actors (Indigenous communities, Indigenous associations, regional governments, corporate businesses, and scientific institutions) in the Russian Arctic. Invoking actor–network theory offered knowledge to analyse how the effectiveness of this collaboration may lead to Indigenous peoples’ social adaptation in the COVID-19 times. It revealed the main problems increasing their vulnerability and making barriers to meeting sustainable development goals (SDGs). The primary sources included the data collected from expert interviews in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, and the Murmansk region in 2020–2021. The main findings proved the gaps in the interplay of Indigenous peoples with key actors in the Russian Arctic due to insufficient interregional and international cooperation, indirect communication of governments with Indigenous peoples via Indigenous associations and communities focused mostly on supporting elites, and the lack of systematic feedback of all key actors. This collaboration must be focused on meeting SDGs and guaranteeing their economic, social, and cultural rights to maintain a traditional lifestyle and livelihoods, involving them in natural resource management, improving quality of life and well-being, increasing access to ethnocultural education, reducing inequality, and promoting Indigenous peoples’ self-government.
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Krisnajaya, I. Made, Suripto Suripto, Novi Paramita Dewi, Ambar Teguh Sulistiyani, and Lutfi Untung Angga Laksana. "The Political Process of Bureaucratic Reform: Wonosobo Regional Government Experience from 2011-2015." Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik 23, no. 2 (December 26, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsp.42589.
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This study examines the political process of bureaucratic reform in Wonosobo regional government from 2011-2015. The article uses political and bureaucratic frameworks to describe the interplay of bureaucrats and politicians in the phases of bureaucratic reform. Data collection for this study employed document review and in-depth interviews with key informants. Results of the study show that the political process of bureaucratic reform mainly involved dialectical interactions between actors in the Wonosobo Regional Government and the Regional House of Representatives. The interplay of actors can then be explained through the actors’ configuration, issues that are confronted by the actors, conflicts of interest between actors, and influence tactics used by actors in managing issues and struggling for their interests. The experience of the Wonosobo regional government shows that bureaucratic reform does not only concern technical and administrative capacities in carrying out institutional arrangement, but it also involves political aspects namely visionary leadership, strong political will to conduct reform, and effective use of influential tactics to gain political supports for the reform.
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Pellinen, Katja. "The Interplay of Entrepreneurial and Network Activities in the Entrepreneurial Process." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 15, no. 1 (February 2014): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2014.0137.
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Research on the entrepreneurial process has focused on either structural or agency-related aspects from the point of view of an individual entrepreneurial actor, while the concrete activities and their relationality have gained less scholarly attention. This study analyses the interplay between entrepreneurial and network activities in the entrepreneurial process through a case study of technology incubator firms. The study shows how entrepreneurial actors' understanding of their resources and positions varies and develops during the process, and how they use networks and relationships in various ways. The results help to explain the variety inherent in entrepreneurial processes and highlight the multifaceted role of networks in those processes.
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Guan, Benny Teh Cheng. "Region Construction: The Dynamics of Cross-Level Networking in East Asia." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 33, no. 2 (January 5, 2016): 12–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v33i2.4964.
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This article seeks to explore the dynamics of region construction in East
Asia, through both formal regional institutions and informal regionalization
processes. Regionalism, particularly in Southeast and East Asia, is often
explained as a formal regionalist project. ASEAN serves as a prime example
but many other intra-regional processes, such as the ASEAN plus Three, the
East Asia Summit and the ASEAN Regional Forum, are also cases in point.
These processes, representing state actors, do not necessarily work in autonomous
spaces and discrete spheres, but rather interact with non-state entities
through multi-level networking. This networking provides opportunities for
the development of either 'positive' or 'negative' regionalism. As such, this
article looks at the interplay of cross-level actor-networks and how they affect
the direction and scope of regionalization in East Asia. It aims to show the
dynamic interplay of multiple regional actors that can consciously or unconsciously
contribute to the strengthening or weakening of region construction.
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Dopieralski, Marta. "Gollum—Disassemble the Monster to Reassemble the Hybrid Actor." International Journal of Actor-Network Theory and Technological Innovation 7, no. 3 (July 2015): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijantti.2015070103.
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This article aims to outline the distributed agency within the creation of computer-generated characters for live-action movies that use Motion Capture techniques. This technique requires a tight interplay between human actors, technical artefacts and digital processes. With the help of ANT the relationships within this heterogeneous collective can be presented more precisely in order to assign agency to human and non-human participants. Considerations concerning a combined interplay of humans and computer-driven actions result in the figure of the hybrid actor. Gollum, a computer-generated character from Peter Jackson's adaptation of the Lord of the Rings, serves as case example to carve out the attributes of this composite agent. The aim of the article is to show how these types of agents tackle the film industry's inherent ontology revolving around human actors and their products. The article contributes an insight how the mentioned network reacts to the emerging problem of crediting in the context of Motion Capture as technical innovation and how the involved community preserves their notion of artistry.
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Laurila, Juha S. "Interplay of Actors in the Emergence of Innovative Actions: A Comparative Micro-Historical Study." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 12019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.12019abstract.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Interplay of actors"
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Proserpio, Licia <1984>. "Myanmar higher education in transition: the interplay between state authority, student politics and international actors." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10350/1/Dissertation_Licia_Proserpio.pdf.
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The Myanmar “period of transition” (2011-2021) has often been described as a puzzle. Various scholars have begun to engage with the Myanmar context in an effort to grasp the essence of the transition it underwent during President Thein Sein’s USPD and Aung San Suu Kyi’s NLD governments. My work focuses on a specific policy sector, higher education, with a view to contributing to this scholarly debate regarding what was actually happening inside this complex country “transition”, especially in terms of collective participation in the process of political and social change. Reviewing existing scholarly literature on the politics of higher education, my study employs a triangle of analysis in which higher education reform is framed as the interplay of action on the part of “state authority”, “student politics” and “international actors”. What does this interplay lens reveal if we consider Myanmar’s “period of transition”? I argue that it shows the ambiguity and contradiction of tangible pushes for progressive social change that coexisted with authoritarian currents and the reinforcement of the societal position of dominant elites. At the policy level, ultimately, a convergence of interests between international actors and state authority served as the force driving the new higher education reform towards a neo-liberal model of governance and autonomy. This work unpacks the higher education reform process thanks to qualitative data gathered through extensive participant observation, in-depth interviewing and critical discourse analysis, shedding light on the rich narratives of those involved in the politics of higher education in Myanmar.
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FORNABAIO, Lara. "The interplay of public and private actors when creating the rules on food origin labelling." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487918.
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This research is dedicated to the study of country of origin labelling (hereinafter, COOL) within the EU Law domain. The first goal is to analyse whether or not mandatory COOL legislation complies with the functioning of the EU Single Market as well as of the WTO legal order. The second purpose is to fathom the way in which public actors – WTO, European institutions and Member States –and private parties – consumers and business operators – interact in order to develop and implement rules on country of origin labelling.
The dissertation proceeds as follows.
The first part – Chapters 1, 2, 3 - is dedicated to the analysis of the legislation on country-of-origin labelling. Three levels are taken into account, namely the international, the EU and the national one. The core of this first part is constituted by the analysis of Article 26 of Regulation (EU) 1169 of 2011, on the provision of food information to consumers. Under Article 26, the indication of the country of origin on labels remains on a voluntary basis. As additional mandatory particulars can be set by the Member States (MS), the Italian and French legislation on mandatory COOL schemes for specific products will be examined as a case-study.
In the second part, such a legal framework will constitute the background for the discussion on the effects of COOL on both trade and consumers. Chapter 4 will analyse the international system of the rules of origin as well as the Union Customs Code. In Chapter 5 the consumers’ perspective on country of origin labelling will be pointed out. The origin indication will be addressed as a matter of right to be informed – pursuant Article 169 TFUE -, questioning the effectiveness of labels in providing information and influencing consumers’ behaviour.
The last part of the thesis is devoted to the analysis of the country of origin labelling system within the current global food governance. The concepts of origin will be discussed in view of the tension between the globalized food supply chain and the growing demand for localization, as more respondent to sustainable goals.
The conclusion offers a critical analysis on the current trends of commoditization of food. It will discuss whether or not it is possible to untie the concept of the country of origin from purely market-driven interests and to what extent this new approach can be applied to food policy-making.
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Gauthier, Marie-Helene. "Quelle coordination territoriale pour la valorisation de la donnée en région ? : l'hypothèse DataLab Normandie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMLH11.
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Cette thèse débutée en septembre 2020 et financée par un support CIFRE s'est déroulée au sein de la Région Normandie et de l'UMR IDEES 6266 LE HAVRE. Elle porte sur la question des conditions d’émergence et d’évolution d’un dispositif territorialisé de valorisation de la donnée à l'échelle régionale. L'hypothèse principale considère que l’échelon régional offre à l’ensemble des acteurs concernés des repères territoriaux et des raisons objectives de coopérer au travers d’un dispositif dédié, le DataLab Normandie. Celui-ci, expérimenté sous la forme d'un consortium entre 2020 et 2023, constitue le cœur de ce travail. Ce dispositif régional est susceptible d'assurer la coordination des acteurs (publics, privés et académiques), de les faire adhérer à une cause commune (la donnée) pour en faire une ressource territoriale et la valoriser autour de projets concrets. La thèse prend appui sur d'autres exemples de dispositifs territoriaux français pour discuter des modèles possibles d'organisation et révèle, à partir de la théorie des conventions, un certain nombre d'épreuves territoriales de la donnée qu'il convient d'organiser et de faire passer. Le principal résultat est que si le DataLab Normandie assume très correctement un rôle "d'impulsion", notamment dans le cadre d'appels à projets, il peine toutefois pour l'instant à apparaître comme une structure incontournable d'ingénierie au service des acteurs régionauxThis thesis, which began in September 2020 and was funded by a CIFRE, was carried out within the Normandy Region and the UMR IDEES 6266 LE HAVRE. It focuses on the question of the conditions for the emergence and development of a territorial system for exploiting data at regional level. The main hypothesis is that the regional level provides all the players involved with territorial reference points and objective reasons for cooperating through a dedicated mechanism, the DataLab Normandie. The DataLab, which will be piloted as a consortium between 2020 and 2023, forms the core of this work. This regional mechanism is likely to ensure the coordination of players (public, private and academic), to get them to adhere to a common cause (data) in order to turn it into a regional resource and develop it around concrete projects. The thesis draws on other examples of French territorial systems to discuss possible organisational models and reveals, on the basis of convention theory, a number of territorial tests of data that need to be organised and passed on. The main finding is that, while DataLab Normandie does a good job of providing ‘impetus’, particularly in the context of calls for projects, it is still struggling to establish itself as a key engineering structure serving regional players
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Yeow, Yong Kwang Adrian. "The work network model understanding the interplay of actor, artifact, and action in technology-based change /." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8797.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.Thesis research directed by: Robert H. Smith School of Business. Dept. of Decision and Information Technologies . Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Koobotse, Moses Omphemetse. "Elucidating the interplay between BRCA1 nad IGF-I actions in lipid metabolism in breast cancer." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705458.
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Voisin, Lolita. "La mobilisation du paysage par les acteurs publics locaux, un enjeu stratégique de territorialisation ? : réflexions en Loire Moyenne : Blois, Nevers, Saumur." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01054473.
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Le paysage est devenu progressivement en France un objet de politiques nationales mais aussi locales. Pourquoi les acteurs publics locaux mobilisent-ils le paysage pour parler de et penser leur territoire ? Est-ce seulement le fruit d'une traduction descendante d'injonctions venues de l'Etat ? La thèse montre comment le paysage participe parfois à une stratégie de projet spécifique et singulière, dans un processus de reterritorialisation. L'analyse s'appuie sur l'étude de trois villes moyennes de la vallée de Loire, Blois, Nevers et Saumur. La méthode croise plusieurs disciplines issues de la géographie, de l'analyse paysagère mais aussi de la sociologique des organisations ou encore de la philosophie. La thèse apporte ainsi de nouveaux éléments sur la manière dont le paysage est appréhendé localement, s'il peut répondre à une stratégie organisée et s'il porte d'autres objectifs plus sectorisés. La recherche ouvre finalement sur une question d'actualité qui mérite d'être interrogée : quelle est la part politique du paysage ? En quoi la prise en compte du paysage favorise de nouveaux modes de définition de territoires ? Cette réflexion amène conjointement à interroger l'évolution politique des territoire, notamment le rôle politique des communautés d'agglomération.
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"The integrated resettlement programme in Zigui County: the interplay of different actors in shaping the local reality." 1997. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5889198.
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by Tsang Ka Fai.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1997.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-168).
ABSTRACT --- p.i-ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii -iv
ABBREVIATIONS --- p.v
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi -viii
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix -x
LIST OF TABLES --- p.xi
CHAPTER
Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1.1 --- The Research Problem --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.5
Chapter 1.3 --- Research Methodology --- p.7
Chapter 1.4 --- Significance of the Research --- p.9
Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.10
Chapter 2. --- RESETTLEMENT PROJECT : A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.12
Chapter 2.2 --- The Resettlement Experience in the Developing Countries: A Review of the English Literature --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- The Resettlement Project in China --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Little Concern of the Affected People --- p.22
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Deficiencies of IRP Studies --- p.23
Chapter 2.3.3 --- Policy Implementation in China --- p.26
Chapter 2.4 --- Summary and Conclusion --- p.30
Chapter 3. --- THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.33
Chapter 3.2 --- The Political-economic Reality of Post-Mao China: A Call for a Relevant Framework --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.1 --- The Collapse of a Total Society and the Emergence of an Ungovernable Differentiated Society --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.2 --- A Shift from Direct to Indirect State Management --- p.37
Chapter 3.2.3 --- The Requirement to Take Note of Local Interests in a Changing Central-local Relation --- p.39
Chapter 3.2.4 --- The Emergence of Rural Society with More Diverse Interests and Decision-making Mechanisms --- p.40
Chapter 3.3 --- The Actor-Network Approach --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.1 --- General Background --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Its Arguments --- p.47
Chapter 3.3.3 --- The Role of Space --- p.57
Chapter 3.4 --- Implications for the Study of IRP Implementation in China --- p.63
Chapter 3.5 --- Summary --- p.68
Chapter 4. --- A DESCRIPTION OF THE SETTING
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.70
Chapter 4.2 --- Overview of the TGP --- p.71
Chapter 4.3 --- Historical Background of TGR --- p.76
Chapter 4.4 --- Basic Characteristics of Zigui County --- p.85
Chapter 4.5 --- Implications of the Setting for Actor-network Analysis: A Preliminary Statement --- p.92
Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.95
Chapter 5. --- INTEGRATED POPULATION RESETTLEMENT IN ZIGUI COUNTY: AN ACTOR-NETWORK APPROACH
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.95
Chapter 5.2 --- Setting the Scene: The Actor-world --- p.97
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Major Actors involved in Zigui Resettlement Project --- p.97
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Mechanism of Non-human Actors: State Allocation and Mobilization --- p.104
Chapter 5.2.3 --- Social Atmosphere --- p.109
Chapter 5.3 --- Process of Translation: The IRP Implementationin Tongshuwan Village --- p.115
Chapter 5.3.1 --- Problematization: The Establishment of IRP as Obligatory Passage Point (OPP) --- p.117
Chapter 5.3.2 --- Interessement: Keep the Local Residents on Track --- p.122
Chapter 5.3.3 --- Enrolment: To Make the Local Residents Cooperated --- p.129
Chapter 5.3.4 --- Mobilization: The Success of Translation --- p.140
Chapter 5.4 --- Summary --- p.142
Chapter 6 --- SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of the Findings --- p.144
Chapter 6.2 --- Research limitations --- p.147
Chapter 6.3 --- Implications of the Study --- p.150
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Theoretical Advancement --- p.151
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Policy Recommendation --- p.152
Chapter 6.4 --- Directions for Future Research --- p.154
BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.155
Cited Yearbooks & Local Gazettes --- p.155
Other Publications --- p.156
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CHIONI, Georgia. "Globalisation of personal communications : the satellite communications case-regulating a global interplay of actors for a market or a failure?" Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/4596.
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Defence date: 9 September 2000Supervisor: Prof. Francis Snyder (European University Institute, Florence) ; Co-Supervisor: (Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Monteiro, Joana Filipe Gomes Araújo Macário. "Prostate Cancer Metabolism in the Interplay of Obesity and Estrogens Actions." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/9811.
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Cancers have a common ability of reprogramming energy metabolism, which is known as a hallmark of cancer. In order to satisfy their needs, cancer cells reorganized metabolic activity upregulating glycolysis rate, which allows cells to maintain high biosynthesis levels of lipids and other macromolecules, sustaining high proliferation rates. The high energy demands of cancer cells are fulfilled by anaerobic glycolysis, even in the presence of oxygen, which results in high rates of lactate production. The excess of lactate exported to the extracellular medium increases acidity and suppresses host anticancer immunity, which favours cancer cells growth and invasion. Besides glucose, fatty acids are another important energetic source, and its oxidation and biosynthesis seems to be augmented in cancer cells.
Androgens are well-known drivers in development and progression of PCa. In addition, in hormone-dependent cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer, steroid hormones have been identified as important modulators of metabolic pathways. Our research group and others have demonstrated the role of androgens as stimulators of PCa by modulating glucose consumption and lactate production, as well as the distinct metabolic profile between non-neoplastic cell line, PNT1A, and neoplastic cell lines, LNCaP and PC3. However, in the last years, estrogens had also been implicated in the carcinogenesis of the prostate, despite some studies defend their protective effect.
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic characterized by a disruption in adipose tissue that is associated with a stage of hyperestrogenism. In addition, obesity has been identified as a factor for aggressiveness and poor prognosis of PCa.
The present work aims to evaluate the role of 17ß-Estradiol (E2) on modulating the glycolytic metabolism and lipid metabolism in human prostate cell lines, and to understand its action as stimulator of the development and progression of PCa.
Non-neoplastic (PNT1A) and neoplastic (LNCaP and PC3) human prostate cell lines were cultured in presence or absence of 0,1; 1 e 100 nM de E2 for 24, 48 e 72 h. The 1 nM concentration and a treatment period of 48 h were the conditions selected to evaluate the effect of E2 on glycolytic and lipid metabolism in all cell lines under study. Protein expression and activity of target modulators of these biological processes were assessed by means of Western blot analysis and biochemical assays.
The obtained results showed that treatment with E2 augmented glucose consumption and lactate production in PNT1A, LNCaP and PC3 cell lines. These results were underpinned by the increased expression or activity of glucose transporters and glycolytic enzymes. Besides that, E2-treatment increased the expression of lipid regulators in all cell lines, which demonstrate its action regulating lipid metabolism.
To conclude, the obtained results showed that E2 might have a role in the development and progression of PCa by stimulating the glycolytic and lipid metabolism in both non-neoplastic and neoplastic cells. Moreover, the evidence gathered hereom follow the studies that defend the causative role of E2 in PCa. Finally, a relationship between estrogens, obesity and PCa might be likely established since hyperestrogenism may increase the odds for tumour development and invasion by potentiating the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells.A capacidade das células tumorais reprogramarem o seu metabolismo emergiu, nos últimos anos, como um dos principais “hallmark” do cancro. De forma a satisfazer as suas necessidades energéticas, as células cancerígenas reorganizam a sua atividade metabólica, aumentam a taxa de glicólise e, dessa forma, conseguem manter os altos níveis de biossíntese de lípidos e outras macromoléculas, assim como as altas taxas de proliferação. Esta grande exigência energética das células cancerígenas é traduzida pela ativação da glicólise anaeróbica, mesmo na presença de oxigénio, o que resulta numa elevada produção de lactato. O excesso deste metabolito aumenta a acidez extracelular, suprime a autoimunidade do hospedeiro e favorece a invasão e divisão das células cancerígenas. Para além da glicose, os ácidos gordos são outra fonte energética das células e a sua via oxidativa e de síntese parecem estar aumentadas nas células cancerígenas. O papel dos androgénios como promotores do desenvolvimento e progressão do cancro da próstata é bem conhecido. Para além disso, em cancros hormono-dependentes, como cancro da mama e da próstata, as hormonas esteroides foram identificadas como importantes moduladores de vias metabólicas das células cancerígenas. Estudos anteriores do nosso e de outros grupos de investigação demonstraram o papel dos androgénios como estimuladores do cancro da próstata ao regularem o consumo da glucose e a produção de lactato, e caracterizam o perfil metabólico de linhas celulares de próstata não-neoplásica, PNT1A, e de linhas neoplásicas, LNCaP e PC3. No entanto, nos últimos anos, os estrogénios também tem sido implicados na carcinogénese da próstata. A obesidade é uma epidemia a nível global caracterizada por uma quebra no normal funcionamento do tecido adiposo sendo associada a um estado de hiperestrogenismo. Para além disso, a obesidade tem sido identificada como um fator para um aumento da agressividade tumoral e de mau prognóstico no cancro da próstata. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o papel do 17ß-Estradiol (E2) na modulação do metabolismo glicolítico e lipídico das linhas celulares de próstata humana de forma a perceber a sua ação como estimulador do desenvolvimento e progressão do cancro. Para isso, linhas celulares de próstata humana não neoplásicas (PNT1A) e neoplásicas (LNCaP) foram mantidas em cultura na presença ou ausência de 0,1; 1 e 100 nM de E2 durante 24, 48 e 72 horas. A concentração de 1 nM e o tempo de tratamento de 48 horas foram as condições selecionadas para avaliação dos efeitos do E2 no metabolismo glicolítico e lipídico nos diferentes modelos celulares em estudo (PNT1A, LNCaP e PC3). A expressão proteica e a atividade dos moduladores alvo destes processos foram analisados por Western Blot e ensaios bioquímicos. Os resultados obtidos revelam que o tratamento com E2 estimulou o fluxo glicolítico ao aumentar o consumo de glucose e a produção de lactato nas células PNT1A, LNCaP e PC3. Estes resultados foram suportados pelo aumento da expressão ou atividade dos transportadores de glicose e enzimas glicolíticas. Para além disso, o tratamento com E2 também aumentou a expressão de proteínas envolvidas na incorporação de lípidos e na sua ß-oxidação, assim como na síntese. Efeitos estes que foram observados em todas as linhas celulares (neoplásicas e não-neoplásicas), o que é demonstrativo da forte ação do E2 na regulação do metabolismo lipídico. Para concluir, os resultados obtidos sugerem que o E2 pode ter um papel no desenvolvimento e progressão do cancro da próstata ao estimular a via glicolítica e lipídica quer nas células não-neoplásicas quer neoplásicas. Além disso, as evidências deste trabalho suportam os estudos que defendem o papel causador do E2 no cancro da próstata. Mais ainda, a relação entre estrogénios, obesidade e o cancro da próstata pode ser estabelecida uma vez que o hiperestrogenismo pode aumentar a probabilidade de desenvolvimento e invasão tumoral ao potenciar a reprogramação metabólica das células cancerígenas.
Books on the topic "Interplay of actors"
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Fabrizio, Cafaggi, and Micklitz Hans-W, eds. New frontiers of consumer protection: The interplay between private and public enforcement. Antwerp: Intersentia, 2009.
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Cafaggi, Fabrizio. New frontiers of consumer protection: The interplay between private and public enforcement. Antwerp: Intersentia, 2009.
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Panzram and Paulo Pachá, eds. The Visigothic Kingdom. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720632.
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How did the breakdown of Roman rule in the Iberian Peninsula eventually result in the formation of a Visigothic kingdom with authority centralised in Toledo? This collection of essays challenges the view that local powers were straightforwardly subjugated to the expanding central power of the monarchy. Rather than interpret countervailing events as mere ‘delays’ in this inevitable process, the contributors to this book interrogate where these events came from, which causes can be uncovered and how much influence individual actors had in this process. What emerges is a story of contested interests seeking cooperation through institutions and social practices that were flexible enough to stabilise a system that was hierarchical yet mutually beneficial for multiple social groups. By examining the Visigothic settlement, the interplay between central and local power, the use of ethnic identity, projections of authority, and the role of the Church, this book articulates a model for understanding the formation of a large and important early medieval kingdom.
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Lee, Francis, and Joseph Man Chan. Memories of Tiananmen. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728447.
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Memories of Tiananmen: Politics and Processes of Collective Remembering in Hong Kong, 1989-2019 analyzes how collective memory regarding the 1989 Beijing student movement and the Tiananmen crackdown was produced, contested, sustained, and transformed in Hong Kong between 1989 and 2019. Drawing on data gathered through multiple sources such as news reports, digital media content, on-site vigil surveys, population surveys, and in-depth interviews with activists, rally participants, and other stakeholders, it identifies six key processes in the dynamics of social remembering: memory formation, memory mobilization, memory institutionalization, intergenerational transfer, memory repair, and memory balkanization. The book demonstrates how a socially dominant collective memory, even one the state finds politically irritable, can be generated and maintained through constant negotiation and efforts by a wide range of actors. While Memories of Tiananmen mainly focuses on the interplay between political changes and the Tiananmen commemoration in the historical period within which the society enjoyed a significant degree of civil liberties, it also discusses how the trajectory of the collective memory may take a drastic turn as Hong Kong’s autonomy is abridged. The book promises to be a key reference for anyone interested in collective memory studies, social movement research, political communication, and China and Hong Kong studies.
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Politics and Governance of Decarbonization: The Interplay Between State and Non-State Actors in Sweden. Cambridge University Press, 2024.
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Bojar, Abel, Theresa Gessler, Swen Hutter, and Hanspeter Kriesi, eds. Contentious Episodes in the Age of Austerity. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009004367.
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Based on extensive data and analysis of sixty contentious episodes in twelve European countries, this book proposes a novel approach that takes a middle ground between narrative approaches and conventional protest event analysis. Looking particularly at responses to austerity policies in the aftermath of the Great Recession (2008–2015), the authors develop a rigorous conceptual framework that focuses on the interactions between three types of participants in contentious politics: governments, challengers, and third parties. This approach allows political scientists to map not only the variety of actors and actor coalitions that drove the interactions in the different episodes, but also the interplay of repression/concessions/support and of mobilization/cooperation/mediation on the part of the actors involved in the contention. The methodology used will enable researchers to answer old (and new) research questions related to political conflict in a way that is simultaneously attentive to conceptual depth and statistical rigor.
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Başaran, Ezgi. The New Spirit of Islamism. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780755652983.
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This book explains the aspirations and concerns of Islamist actors in the aftermath of the Arab Uprisings by looking at two sets of relationships between Turkey’s ruling AKP and the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood, and the AKP and Tunisia’s Ennahda. It presents a unique analysis of the interplay between the AKP, Ennahda and the Muslim Brotherhood, characterizing the actors, the structure and the main features of the relationship and thereby illuminating a political confluence among these three critical Islamist entities in the aftermath of the Arab Uprisings. Existing scholarship has assumed that this relationship revolves primarily around an ideological Islamist agenda, however, this research demonstrates a more complex and nuanced situation. Ezgi Basaran puts forward that the interplay was not based on an aspiration of building an ideological Islamist bloc in the MENA region, but rather revolved around the concept of political success and had a strong neoliberal ethos. Basaran draws on data collected from over 60 interviews with high-level members of the AKP, Ennahda and Muslim Brotherhood to demonstrate how, in the hope of achieving success and legitimization, Ennahda and the Muslim Brotherhood have relied on the managerial prescriptions provided by the AKP. The contents of this success formula were derived from the AKP’s experience as an Islamist party in power since 2002 and includes tactics on crisis evasion, legitimization, winning elections and maintaining power.
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Caiani, Manuela, and Donatella della Porta. The Radical Right as Social Movement Organizations. Edited by Jens Rydgren. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190274559.013.17.
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Typically in sociology and political science, the radical right has been addressed through so-called breakdown theories, while left-wing radicalism has been analyzed from the perspective of mobilization theories, which are widespread in social movement studies. The chapter uses concepts taken from social movement studies in order to provide an overview of some scholarship on the contemporary radical right, looking first of all at the organizational structure in the radical right milieu and considering the complex interplay among various actors linked to each other in cooperative as well as competitive interactions. Second, it suggests that these networks use a broad repertoire of collective action. Third, and in line with the “cultural turn” in social movement research, we consider the frames through which the collective actors involved in the radical right construct and communicate their (internal and external) reality.
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Knoepfel, Peter. Public Policy Resources. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345053.001.0001.
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Building on Knoepfel’s previous book, Public policy analysis, this book offers a conceptually coherent view of ten public policy resources: force, law, personal, money, property rights, information, organisation, consensus, time and political support. The book demonstrates the interplay of the different resources in a conceptually coherent framework and presents numerous illustrations of ways of mobilising the resources and managing them in a sustainable way, resource exchanges and the role of institutions governing the interrelationships between actors and resources. The book will be valuable to postgraduate students as well as those working in policy programming and implementation across both public and private sectors and in non-governmental organisations.
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Carr, Madeline. Cyberspace and International Order. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779605.003.0010.
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When The Anarchical Society was published in 1977, the world was on the doorstep of seismic technological change. Forty years later, the information age has placed cyber security at the centre of many global political concerns including armed conflict and international law. The ongoing difficulties associated with accurately attributing cyber attacks introduce a new dimension of anarchy in international relations. This essay draws on Bull’s ideas about social interplay to explore the problem of attribution in cyberspace. It finds that the difficulties of identifying (even) state actors undermine some of the processes and institutions upon which Bull based his ideas. However, it also finds that Bull’s work is useful in unpicking exactly why attribution is so problematic for international relations. Ultimately, Bull’s expectation that actors will look for social solutions to maintain order appears to be holding up in the information age much as it did in the industrial age.
Book chapters on the topic "Interplay of actors"
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Hefler, Günter, and Ivana Studená. "The Interplay of Organisational and Individual Bounded Agency in Workplace Learning: A Framework Approach." In Lifelong Learning, Young Adults and the Challenges of Disadvantage in Europe, 247–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14109-6_10.
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AbstractThis chapter sets out the framework used in 17 organisational case studies (across three economic sectors in nine countries) to investigate ‘organisational’ and individual agency in workplace learning. Agency is key to explaining why individuals take up learning opportunities in different dimensions of their lives over the life course. It is relational: actors’ choices are bound by their environments. The framework treats both individuals and organisations as actors with agency: whether workplace learning actually occurs results from how they interact. Those who find their workplace offers limited learning opportunities may seek more learning-conducive jobs, or to learn outside work. Policies should promote meaningful learning across society, but poor workplace organisation is a barrier to making lifelong learning a reality for all.
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Salehi, Mariam. "Tunisia’s Re-Configurations and Transitional Justice in Process: How Planned Processes of Social and Political Change Interplay with Unplanned Political Dynamics." In Re-Configurations, 37–49. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31160-5_3.
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Abstract This chapter seeks to explain the developments of the Tunisian transitional justice process. Drawing on Norbert Elias’s ideas about social processes, it argues that dynamics of transitional justice processes can neither be understood solely in light of international norms and the “justice industry” that both shape institutionalized transitional justice projects, nor simply by examining context and the political preferences of domestic actors. Rather, these shifts are shaped by the interplay of planned processes with unplanned political and social dynamics; with a political context in flux, power shifts, and sometimes competing planned efforts in other realms. Empirically grounded in “process-concurrent” field research in post- “Arab Spring” Tunisia, the contribution shows that a technocratic/institutionalized transitional justice project can develop dynamics that are somewhat, but not entirely, independent of power shifts. However, the above interplays may lead to frictional encounters that trigger feedback loops, new processes, and new structures.
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Fourault-Cauët, Véronique, and Jean-Fabien Steck. "National Parks in the Urban Arena: The Interplay of Actors for Incomplete Models of Governance." In From Urban National Parks to Natured Cities in the Global South, 201–16. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8462-1_9.
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Valleriani, Matteo, and Andrea Ottone. "Printers, Publishers, and Sellers: Actors in the Process of Consolidation of Epistemic Communities in the Early Modern Academic World." In Publishing Sacrobosco’s De sphaera in Early Modern Europe, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86600-6_1.
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AbstractThis chapter proposes a global view of the set of dynamics of interplay that were generated in the early modern publishing sector around a single astronomical work, the Tractatus de sphaera by Johannes de Sacrobosco. The Sphaera, a thirteenth-century tract of geocentric cosmology, rather than remaining a static text, became over the centuries a multiauthored dynamic textual tradition. This essay argues that publishers, printers, and booksellers had a fair share of agency not only in perpetuating but also in shaping the evolution of this long-lasting textual tradition. The present essay traces the ways this agency was configured.
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Valleriani, Matteo, and Andrea Ottone. "Printers, Publishers, and Sellers: Actors in the Process of Consolidation of Epistemic Communities in the Early Modern Academic World." In Publishing Sacrobosco’s De sphaera in Early Modern Europe, 1–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86600-6_1.
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AbstractThis chapter proposes a global view of the set of dynamics of interplay that were generated in the early modern publishing sector around a single astronomical work, the Tractatus de sphaera by Johannes de Sacrobosco. The Sphaera, a thirteenth-century tract of geocentric cosmology, rather than remaining a static text, became over the centuries a multiauthored dynamic textual tradition. This essay argues that publishers, printers, and booksellers had a fair share of agency not only in perpetuating but also in shaping the evolution of this long-lasting textual tradition. The present essay traces the ways this agency was configured.
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Bounegru, Liliana, Melody Devries, and Esther Weltevrede. "The Research Persona Method: Figuring and Reconfiguring Personalised Information Flows." In Figure, 77–104. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2476-7_5.
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AbstractThis chapter explores the prospects of assembling “research personas” as a qualitative method that uses the positionality of the researcher situated amidst algorithmically suggested content for studying how digital personalisation is produced, encountered and experienced. Building on past and ongoing digital methods projects concerning the networked flow of misinformation, disinformation and authenticity, the research persona method looks not only inside but also across algorithms and digital methods approaches that repurpose the methods of the medium. As an immersive method that is both a product and mode of studying “figuration”, configuring research personas can show how personalisation is produced and accomplished by the interplay of various actors, devices, interfaces, infrastructures, user practices and data flows.
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Ambrosini, Maurizio, and Minke H. J. Hajer. "Enabling and Supporting Irregular Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series, 87–116. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30838-3_5.
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AbstractDespite widespread efforts to stop irregular migration, it continues; and irregular migrants remain present in societies, often finding alternative modes of inclusion. It is essential to recognise how a variety of intermediaries enable irregular migration. Between states, we can observe a complex interplay among ‘facilitating’ actors, including human smugglers, that provide services which help migrants cross borders. However, to a large extent, irregular migration is also enabled within states. Supporters act in favour of migrants and respond to their practical and social needs. Most of the help given to irregular migrants is informal, because irregular migrants most often cannot depend on help provided by public institutions. This chapter will describe the facilitation and support of border crossings, as well as the support given to irregular migrants in receiving societies.
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Kamlage, Jan-Hendrik. "Assessing the Legitimacy of European Regional Policy: The Interplay of Civil Society and State Actors in Sweden and Germany." In Civil Society Participation in European and Global Governance, 185–207. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230592506_9.
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Huntjens, Patrick. "Analytical Instruments for Studying TSEI." In Towards a Natural Social Contract, 125–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67130-3_5.
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AbstractThe findings from literature in the previous chapters have been brought together in a conceptual framework (see Sect. 10.1007/978-3-030-67130-3_3#Sec13) and an analytical framework for Transformative Social-Ecological Innovation (Sect. 5.1). It’s main purpose is to study the dynamic interplay between actors and institutional structures influencing and inducing institutional change. This chapter furthermore provides a further operationalization of the TSEI analytical framework for analysing shifts in power dynamics (Sect. 5.2), by investigating a series or cluster of closely related action situations and mapping how power dynamics change. An example of TSEI-framework application is provided in Sect. 6.6. Finally, Sect. 5.3 provides a framework for analysing different levels of collective learning, which is considered as one of the key variables for studying the outputs of TSEI. Finally, this chapter highlights some important insights on collaborative action research and related methods (Sect. 5.4).
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Ellis, Claire, and Anna Triandafyllidou. "Precarity, Opportunity, and Adaptation: Recently Arrived Immigrant and Refugee Experiences Navigating the Canadian Labour Market." In IMISCOE Research Series, 101–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14009-9_5.
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AbstractImmigrants and refugees have contributed significant growth in the Canadian economy over the last three decades. Despite clear advantages of a smooth transition into the labour force, many newcomers experience multiple barriers impeding their pathways to sustainable livelihoods. Further, significant increases in refugee resettlement and asylum claims in Canada since 2015 resulted in a growing number of refugee newcomers entering the labour market, often facing additional challenges of precarious legal status while seeking employment. To interrogate the settlement landscape, this chapter examines newcomers’ employment-related needs, experiences, and aspirations through a case study of migrants and refugees in Greater Toronto. Using narrative-biographic interviews, the chapter presents an ethnographic approach to examine how individual migrants navigate labour market policies and settlement dynamics during their initial years. A biographical approach allowed us to focus on the interplay of migrant agency, precarity, and adaption to both long-standing labour market dynamics as well as new barriers and enablers brought on by the shifting sands of Canada’s pandemic affected economy. The chapter highlights how emotions, decisions, and actions are inter-related and coalesce with broader structural conditions within a network of actors – individuals, networks, and institutions – to shape the labour market experiences of recently arrived immigrants and refugees.
Conference papers on the topic "Interplay of actors"
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Frykfors, Carl-Otto. "From Firm Network to a Sector-System of Production and Innovation: A Case Study of Innovation Policy Initiative." In 18th Annual High Technology Small Firms Conference, HTSF 2010. University of Twente, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3990/2.268475509.
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This paper examines innovation policy making during the transition of innovative ideas into mature industries within building/construction and mineral extraction/mining industries. The main focus is how interaction occurs between major stakeholders and intermediating actors and how industrial change processes are orchestrated. A case study approach examines the rather complex processes occurring within industrial sector development. Two main success criteria were observed: (1) continuity in initial vision and leadership and (2) a clear intention to achieve strategic interplay and knowledge fusion between heterogonous industrial sectors. Currently, this has been achieved in a classic way using R&D and technology development approaches combined with explorative market development to co-ordinate and allow knowledge fusion between the sectors. The transition process is illustrated in four phases: (1) idea and start-up, (2) formation of a technical R&D programme and networking, (3) consolidation of actor networks and formation of an embryological innovation system, and (4) development of a more sector-based production and innovation system.
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Herzog, Christian, and Hermann Diebel-Fischer. "Teaching ethics through the back door? Employing ideas from assemblage theory to foster a responsible innovation mindset." In SEFI 50th Annual conference of The European Society for Engineering Education. Barcelona: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788412322262.1390.
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Adding ethics courses to engineering curricula seeks to equip students with the critical mindset that enables careers committed to serving humanity. Yet, the knowledge of ethical theories is neither a necessary, let alone sufficient condition for being good [1]. There is no automatism that translates ethical knowledge into action, overriding attitudes that were developed during the enculturation of a student. However, we deem teaching assemblage theory a promising means to achieve a sustained commitment to responsible innovation practice. We base our argument on assemblage theory’s (cf. [2, 3]) capacity to conceptualize the interplay of human actors and technological artefacts in terms of dynamic evolutionary systems. The notion of an assemblage as a collection of potentially heterogeneous elements that—despite displaying consistency—remains malleable through reorganization, interconnection and, (re- )attribution forms the ontological basis that guides a conceptual approach to thinking in-between the extremes of technological determinism and social constructivism. Information algorithms, e.g., can be regarded as having the power to facilitate ethical action as part of a larger assemblage [4] and artificial intelligence can arguably only be understood as “trustworthy” within sociotechnological systems in which a shared responsibility realizes both epistemic and moral conditions for trust [5]. Ultimately, we intend engineering students to realize the extent of their influence on the world and, therefore, their responsibility for contributing to a prosperous community. Thus, ethics is not only taught by conveying its classical normative theories but rather explored by discovering the entangledness of technology and society.
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Warg, Markus, and Markus Frosch. "Human-Technology Interaction and Future of Work: Science, Logic and Architecture Perspectives on Designing Service Platforms for Future Work." In AHFE 2023 Hawaii Edition. AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004314.
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Motivation and PurposeThe research of this paper is about the phenomenon of “pull” or more concise about "how companies can design service platforms as opportune strategy to connect with other actors and to pull from that network the capabilities required to address unexpected needs" (Hagel, Brown et al. 2010, McGowan and Shipley 2020). To contribute to the knowledge creation in this context, the paper takes a service lens and draws on science, logic and architecture perspectives for studying and building models. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to derive implications for the design of service platforms as structural models of organizations to improve human-technology interaction, change and the future of work (Jaakkola 2020, Spohrer, Maglio et al. 2022).Methodology and ApproachReferring to the research a conceptual paper as methodology and within this methodology the research design “model” is selected (MacInnis 2011, Gilson and Goldberg 2015, Jaakkola 2020). A conceptual paper as methodology is picked to bridge existing theoretical perspectives and concepts in interesting ways, link work across disciplines, and broaden the scope of our thinking. The research design “model” facilitates to build a theoretical framework that explains and predicts relationships between the key elements and processes (Jaakkola 2020).To address the key elements of the phenomenon “human-technology interaction and the future of work” a service lens with Service Science and Service-Dominant Logic as domain theories is chosen. Service Dominant Architecture as method theory is used to explain the relationships between the elaborated key elements and to derive the relevant building blocks for the design (pattern) of service platforms for human-technology interaction and the future of work. Findings The paper demonstrates that a service lens, a service-dominant mindset and the perspectives of science, logic and architecture are appropriate to model and describe the phenomenon of “pull” and to derive implications for the design of service platforms. The key elements and building blocks of the “pull” process – understood as the ability to draw people and capabilities out of actor-to-actor networks – are elaborated and design (pattern) for service platforms are evolved. By describing the interplay of the key elements using the example of a service platform for future work based on the elaborated (design pattern) the paper demonstrates how “pull effects” are exploited and human-technology interaction can be improved via a service platform.
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Ruge, Johanna, Lennart Fahnenmueller, and Annette Bögle. "Effects of Problem Formulation on Engineering Innovativeness." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1809.
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<p>Any building project requires the formulation of boundary conditions and expectations, the so-called problem formulation. Hereby, quality and scope of the problem formulation significantly set the frame for innovative and sustainable solutions by structural engineers. While recent problem formulation research scrutinized strategic organizational issues, this paper focuses on problem formulation influencing the work of structural engineers from two aspects: (1) who is responsible for the problem formulation and (2) what is the quality and scope of the problem formulation (does it describe qualities of the expected result or define the structure quantitatively?). Depending on these aspects, the problem formulation restricts the solution space of the engineer to a greater or lesser degree, opening the question whether an optimal degree of freedom to foster engineering innovativeness exists. Three explorative case studies are examined for this purpose: (1) the Elbphilharmonie, an architectural icon, characterized through strong interplay between client and architect;</p><p>(2) the European Central Bank premises, a high-rise with an integral architecture-engineering-concept that emerged from an extensive competition; (3) the Gänsebachtalbrücke, an engineering structure, influenced significantly by an audit authority. After a brief introduction to problem formulation research and a description of the methodology, a storyline for each case is presented. The initial problem formulations, the problem formulators, the approaches to solve the problem as well as the solution space are analyzed. The cases indicate that to develop innovative structural designs, the structural engineers should be integrated early in the project to be able to shape and participate in the problem formulation process. A functional problem formulation and a collaborative approach of all designing actors to solve it can spur innovativeness. However, more research on this topic is recommended to confirm the findings of this exploratory paper.</p>
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Markella Petropoulou, Foteini, and Emmanuel Varouchas. "Cracking the Code: How Social Media and Human Behavior Shape Cybersecurity Challenges." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004783.
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In an era dominated by digital connectivity, where people are more connected than ever, understanding how humans can securely interact is crucial. This paper delves into the intricate relationship between social engineering and social media, unraveling the multifaceted dimensions that underscore the human aspects of cybersecurity. As technological defenses evolve, adversaries increasingly exploit the vulnerabilities inherent in human behavior (Wang et al., 2020), making it imperative to dissect the interplay between social engineering tactics and the pervasive influence of social media platforms.The study begins by scrutinizing the psychological underpinnings that make individuals susceptible to social engineering attacks, emphasizing the intricate relationship between trust, curiosity, and social connectivity (Albladi & Weir, 2020). Through a comprehensive critical analysis of real-world examples people encounter in their day-to-day lives, the paper exposes the diverse strategies employed by malicious actors to manipulate human cognition and breach organizational defenses. This examination not only dissects the intricacies of phishing, pretexting, and impersonation but also sheds light on the role of emotional triggers and cognitive biases that amplify the effectiveness of these tactics (Wang, Zhu, & Sun, 2021).A significant portion of the paper is dedicated to understanding the role social media plays when it comes to social engineering. The pervasive nature of social media platforms provides a fertile ground for threat actors to extract personal information, exploit social connections, and craft tailored attacks. The paper navigates through the intricate web of privacy erosion, information oversharing, and the amplification of social influence, emphasizing how these factors contribute to the efficacy of social engineering endeavors (Albladi & Weir, 2020).Furthermore, the study explores the role of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, in launching social engineering attacks, posing new challenges to the human-centric cybersecurity aspects. To address the ever-changing terrain of social engineering, these emerging technologies advocate for a proactive and flexible strategy that combines technological defenses with a solid understanding of human behavior.In an era dominated by digital connectivity, where individuals are more interconnected than ever, this paper elucidates the critical relationship between social engineering, social media, and cybersecurity. By dissecting psychological vulnerabilities and real-world examples, it underscores the intricate tactics employed by adversaries to exploit human behavior. Emphasizing the role of trust, curiosity, and social connectivity, the study unveils the amplifying effect of emotional triggers and cognitive biases. Focusing on social media's pervasive influence, the paper highlights how platforms contribute to privacy erosion and information exploitation. Acknowledging the challenges posed by emerging technologies, it advocates for a dynamic cybersecurity strategy grounded in both technology and an acute understanding of human behavior. ReferencesAlbladi, S. M., & Weir, G. R. S. (2020). Predicting individuals’ vulnerability to social engineering in social networks. Cybersecurity, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-020-00047-5Wang, Z., Sun, L., & Zhu, H. (2020). Defining Social Engineering in Cybersecurity. IEEE Access, 8, 85094–85115. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992807Wang, Z., Zhu, H., & Sun, L. (2021). Social Engineering in Cybersecurity: Effect Mechanisms, Human Vulnerabilities and Attack Methods. IEEE Access, 9, 11895–11910. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3051633
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Naumov, Pavel, and Oliver Orejola. "Shhh! The Logic of Clandestine Operations." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/368.
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An operation is called covert if it conceals the identity of the actor; it is called clandestine if the very fact that the operation is conducted is concealed. The paper proposes a formal semantics of clandestine operations and introduces a sound and complete logical system that describes the interplay between the distributed knowledge modality and a modality capturing coalition power to conduct clandestine operations.
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Shamilov, Don D., David F. Lo, and Gaurav Kumar. "Fregoli Case Report." In 28th Annual Rowan-Virtua Research Day. Rowan University Libraries, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31986/issn.2689-0690_rdw.stratford_research_day.150_2024.
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Fregoli Syndrome is a rare delusional disorder in the psychotic spectrum named after Italian actor Leopoldo Fregoli. Existing reports focus on clinical aspects and standard treatments, leaving gaps in understanding complexity and tailored interventions. This case report contributes comprehensive analysis of a young adult male with Fregoli syndrome and emphasizes interplay of psychopathology, neurocognition, and psychosocial factors. This report highlights a holistic approach, including differential diagnosis and psychosocial dynamics and aims to improve diagnostic considerations and personalized treatment strategies for better patient outcomes.
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Höller, Daniel, Pascal Bercher, and Gregor Behnke. "Delete- and Ordering-Relaxation Heuristics for HTN Planning." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/564.
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In HTN planning, the hierarchy has a wide impact on solutions. First, there is (usually) no state-based goal given, the objective is given via the hierarchy. Second, it enforces actions to be in a plan. Third, planners are not allowed to add actions apart from those introduced via decomposition, i.e. via the hierarchy. However, no heuristic considers the interplay of hierarchy and actions in the plan exactly (without relaxation) because this makes heuristic calculation NP-hard even under delete relaxation. We introduce the problem class of delete- and ordering-free HTN planning as basis for novel HTN heuristics and show that its plan existence problem is still NP-complete. We then introduce heuristics based on the new class using an integer programming model to solve it.
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Lee, Dongha, Chanyoung Park, Hyunjun Ju, Junyoung Hwang, and Hwanjo Yu. "Action Space Learning for Heterogeneous User Behavior Prediction." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/392.
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Users' behaviors observed in many web-based applications are usually heterogeneous, so modeling their behaviors considering the interplay among multiple types of actions is important. However, recent collaborative filtering (CF) methods based on a metric learning approach cannot learn multiple types of user actions, because they are developed for only a single type of user actions. This paper proposes a novel metric learning method, called METAS, to jointly model heterogeneous user behaviors. Specifically, it learns two distinct spaces: 1) action space which captures the relations among all observed and unobserved actions, and 2) entity space which captures high-level similarities among users and among items. Each action vector in the action space is computed using a non-linear function and its corresponding entity vectors in the entity space. In addition, METAS adopts an efficient triplet mining algorithm to effectively speed up the convergence of metric learning. Experimental results show that METAS outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in predicting users' heterogeneous actions, and its entity space represents the user-user and item-item similarities more clearly than the space trained by the other methods.
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Shamloo, Amir, and Sarah C. Heilshorn. "The Interplay Between Biomechanical and Biochemical Factors Regulates Lumen Formation and Navigation of Endothelial Cell Sprouts." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19495.
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Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels that originate from pre-existing vessels. In early angiogenesis stages, endothelial cells (ECs) migrate from the lumen of developed blood vessels into the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). Through the coordinated actions of migration and proliferation, these ECs organize into tubular capillary-like structures called sprouts. In this study, 3D EC sprout formation was examined using a microfluidic device that enabled the separate and simultaneous tuning of biomechanical and biochemical stimuli (Fig. 1). While previous investigations have been performed on each of these factors individually1, 2, more recent studies have identified a critical interplay between the simultaneous effects of these two factors3. For example, we previously studied 2D EC chemotaxis in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gradients in the absence of biomechanical stimulation.4 In developing a model that enables precise specification of biochemical and biomechanical cues, we utilized a protocol that enables ECs to undergo a transition from the 2D to 3D culture environment mimicking angiogenic sprouting. Here we quantified the relative importance and combined consequences of discrete changes in matrix density, growth factor concentration, and growth factor gradient steepness during the stages of early sprout initiation, sprout elongation, sprout navigation, and lumen formation.
Reports on the topic "Interplay of actors"
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Canêdo-Pinheiro, Mauricio, Filipe Lage de Sousa, and Bernardo Pereira Cabral. Interplay Between Innovation Barriers and Cooperation in Latin America: Lessons for Public Policy. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005674.
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This paper investigates whether firms in Latin America that confront more barriers to innovation are more likely to engage in cooperative innovative efforts with other economic actors. Data from the Harmonized Latin American Innovation Surveys Database (LAIS) allows us to explore the relationship between these obstacles and the cooperation of innovation-active manufacturing firms with other economic agents in innovative activities. Our findings robustly suggest that cooperation is a coping strategy for innovation obstacles: firms perceiving obstacles tend to cooperate more, especially with research institutions. For small and (some) medium-sized companies, we also find a positive relationship between financial barriers and cooperation with other firms, and between market obstacles and cooperation with research institutions. These results suggest that, from a public policy perspective, efforts to increase innovation should go beyond a financial market failure approach and embrace a more comprehensive systemic failure approach.
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Magyar, Luke, and Jonathan Röders. Implications of Armed Group Hierarchies for Formerly Armed Actor Reintegration. Trust After Betrayal Research Brief Series, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59498/18037.
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This Research Brief explores the implications of armed group hierarchies on the reintegration pathways of formerly armed actors (FAAs). It highlights how ranks within armed groups significantly shape key determinants of succesful reintegration, such as skill sets, financial security, traumatic exposure, and access to networks post-demobilisation and how reintegration programmes often entrench disparities between higher and lower ranking FAAs. By comparing dynamics within state-sponsored militaries and across centralised and decentralised non-state armed groups (NSAGs), the Research Brief advocates for nuanced strategies that recognise the complex interplay of network dynamics and hierarchies on FAA positionalities after demobilisation to foster more equitable reintegration outcomes for FAAs. Additionally, this brief includes a quadrant graphic offering an assessment of different FAA reintegration scenarios based on hierarchies, centralisation, and reintegration programming strength.
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Erästö, Tytti, Fei Su, and Wilfred Wan. Navigating Security Dilemmas in Indo-Pacific Waters. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/dkwb3559.
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This paper examines the drivers and implications of naval build-ups in the Indo-Pacific, considering key actors’ security objectives and threat perceptions, as well as the interplay of regional dynamics and strategic relations between nuclear-armed states. The focus is on undersea armament involving submarines and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities, which constitute a significant focus of military investments. The paper considers the related horizontal and vertical escalation risks, meaning a potential increase in the scope and scale of conflict. Particular attention is paid to nuclear-conventional entanglement related to the counterforce potential of ASW capabilities. In addition to seeking to raise awareness of these dynamics, the paper provides recommendations aimed at mitigating the risks related to the increased undersea activities in the Indo-Pacific.
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Thakur, Shalaka. Not-So-Freeway: Informal Highway Taxation and Armed Groups in North-East India. Institute of Development Studies, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.057.
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What are the effects of rebel taxation? Along arterial roads in north-east India, various non state armed groups collect ‘tax’ – of different types and amounts, with varied degrees of coercion and systematisation. Based on extensive fieldwork, including 100 interviews with non-state armed groups, businesspeople and state actors, this paper uses the lens of the transit economy in the Indian state of Manipur along the Indo-Myanmar border to identify the long-term effects of rebel taxes and the taxation ecosystem. It finds that taxation by armed groups shapes the business environment, has pervasive implications on the legitimacy of state governance, and creates a political order that lies between active conflict and peace. The paper further shows that these effects of rebel taxation can be best understood through an interplay of institutional factors, the number of groups present, and the relationship between the state and rebel groups.
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Cvijić, Srdjan, Maja Bjeloš, Luka Šterić, Marko Drajić, and Ivana Ranković. Balkan Csárdás: Hungarian Foreign Policy Dance. Belgrade Centre for Security Policy, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55042/gzwk7404.
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As part of the overall focus on the democratic backsliding in Hungary since Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz reassumed power in 2010, numerous international observers have expressed concern regarding increasing Hungarian influence in the Western Balkans. Specifically, many fear that through intensified meddling in Western Balkan affairs, Orbán’s Hungary would spread its illiberal influence throughout the region and subsequently undermine broader EU policy. In 2019, the process leading to the appointment of Olivér Várhelyi (a Hungarian diplomat close to Orbán) to the position of the European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement garnered a salvo of criticism. While this incident briefly attracted the European media floodlights to the topic, the issue of Hungarian influence in the region of the Western Balkans quickly faded into a relative obscurity. Apart from few exceptions and a handful of journalistic accounts (which will be quoted extensively throughout the study), there are little to no attempts to analyse and explain Hungarian foreign and trade policy in the Western Balkans. What interests and strategic considerations drive Hungarian foreign and trade policy in the region? What are Hungarian foreign policy priorities and what instruments does Hungarian foreign policy have at its disposal in the region? Is Orbán’s Western Balkan policy marked by a total discontinuity with regards to previous Hungarian foreign policy towards the region? Who formulates foreign policy priorities in Hungary and what is the interplay between formal and informal actors? What economic interests shape Hungarian foreign policy in the region? How much has Hungarian foreign policy in the region changed as a result of war in Ukraine? To answer these questions, this paper is divided into four main sections. The first focuses on Hungary’s foreign policy strategy in the region. The second, as a special case study, investigates the effects of Orbán’s minority politics in Serbia’s Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (Vajdaság in Hungarian). The third, researching Hungarian media empire in the region, and finally the fourth focusing on the economic drivers of Hungary’s approach in the region.
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Bianchi, Matias, Florencia Coda, Jennifer Cyr, Ian Heffernan, and Jessica Meeker. Effective Governance Responses to Crises: Lessons from the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/core.2023.011.
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In times of crisis, decision-making becomes paramount, yet it is often influenced by two distinct behavioural patterns: analysis paralysis and risk aversion. Drawing a parallel between the studies presented in this brief, it is possible to discern the interplay of analysis paralysis and risk aversion within institutional responses to crises. The research from the African School of Economics (ASE) examines the phenomenon of analysis paralysis within the context of democratic institutions. It highlights the correlation between democratic rights and long-term economic prosperity while cautioning against the negative consequences of reversing these rights. The study delves into potential mechanisms contributing to the deterioration of democratic institutions during crises, including limited collective action and the acceptance of repressive policies. By analysing survey results from Benin, Burkina Faso, and South Africa, the research uncovers varying degrees of acceptance of perceived repressive policies and willingness to protest, shedding light on the vulnerability of democratic institutions when faced with analysis paralysis. These findings underscore the importance of addressing decision-making bottlenecks, encouraging timely action, and fostering an environment where collective action is possible. Contrasting this, the research from Colabora.Lat focuses on the impact of risk aversion in institutional responses to the pandemic. The findings emphasise the importance of collaboration, highlighting how governments and various actors working together can effectively address the multifaceted challenges posed by crises. Through the lens of risk aversion, the study explores how collaboration enabled governments to combine resources, knowledge, and experiences to produce unified messages and mitigate the worst health impacts. It showcases the successes observed in countries such as Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Guatemala, and Mexico, where collaborative governance fostered effective policy outcomes, including lower mortality rates. By combining the insights from these texts, we gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by institutions during times of crisis. Acknowledging the potential pitfalls of analysis paralysis and the transformative potential of collaborative responses, policymakers and decision makers can navigate crises with more agility, ensuring the preservation of democratic institutions and mechanisms while effectively addressing the health and socioeconomic impacts of crises.
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Sett, Dominic, Christina Widjaja, Patrick Sanady, Angelica Greco, Neysa Setiadi, Saut Sagala, Cut Sri Rozanna, and Simone Sandholz. Hazards, Exposure and Vulnerability in Indonesia: A risk assessment across regions and provinces to inform the development of an Adaptive Social Protection Road Map. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/uvrd1447.
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Risk induced by natural hazards and climate change has been accelerating worldwide, leading to adverse impacts on communities' well-being. Dealing with this risk is increasingly complex and requires cross-sectoral action. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) has emerged as a promising approach to strengthen the resilience of communities by integrating Social Protection (SP), Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) efforts. To inform this integration and thereby support the development of a functional ASP approach, the identification and provision of relevant data and information are vital. In this context, risk assessments are crucial as they establish the groundwork for the design of effective ASP interventions. However, despite the importance of risk information for ASP and the abundance of sectoral assessments, there is not yet a comprehensive risk assessment approach, a reality that also applies to Indonesia. Although the country is one of the international pioneers of the concept and has enshrined ASP at the highest national level in its development plans, this emphasis in policy and practice has been hampered by the absence of more unified assessment methods. The Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) presented here takes a unique approach to develop such a cross-sectoral risk assessment and apply it throughout Indonesia. The HEVA brings together different risk understandings of key actors both internationally and domestically within SP, DRM and CCA, as well as identifying commonalities across sectors to establish a joint understanding. The HEVA not only considers risk as an overarching outcome but also focuses on its drivers, i.e. hazards, exposure and vulnerability, to identify why specific communities are at risk and thus customize ASP interventions. Subsequently, risks are assessed for Indonesia’s regions and provinces based on this cross-sectoral risk understanding. Secondary data has been acquired from various existing sectoral assessments conducted in Indonesia, and in total, data for 44 indicators has been compiled to calculate hazard, exposure and vulnerability levels for all 34 Indonesian provinces. Findings of the HEVA suggest that overall risk is high in Indonesia and no single province can be characterized as a low-risk area, demonstrating a strong relevance for ASP throughout the whole of the country. Papua, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi were identified as provinces with the highest overall risk in Indonesia. However, even Yogyakarta, which was identified as a comparatively low-risk province, still ranks among the ten most hazard-prone provinces in the country and has a demonstrated history of severe impact events. This also underlines that the composition of risk based on the interplay of hazard, exposure and vulnerability differs significantly among provinces. For example, in Papua and West Papua, vulnerability ranks as the highest in Indonesia, while hazard and exposure levels are comparatively low. In contrast, East Java and Central Java are among the highest hazard-prone provinces, while exposure and vulnerability are comparatively low. The results provide much more comprehensive insight than individual sectoral analyses can offer, facilitating the strategic development and implementation of targeted ASP interventions that address the respective key risk components. Based on lessons learned from the development and application of the HEVA approach, as well as from the retrieved results, the report provides recommendations relevant for policymakers, practitioners and researchers. First, recommendations regarding risk assessments for ASP are given, emphasizing the need to bring together sectoral understandings and to consider the interconnection of hazards, exposure and vulnerability, including their drivers and root causes, to assess current and future risk. It is also recommended to complement national level assessments with more specific local assessments. Secondly, recommendations regarding ASP option development in general are provided, including the importance of considering side effects of interventions, root causes of risks, the potential of nature-based solutions and barriers to implementation due to local capacities when designing ASP interventions. Third, recommendations regarding focal areas for ASP programmes are outlined for the case of Indonesia, such as prioritizing interventions in risk hotspots and areas characterized by high readiness for ASP solutions. At the same time, it is vital to leave no region behind as all provinces face risks that potentially jeopardize communities’ well-being.
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OLUWASANYA, Grace, Ayodetimi OMONIYI, Duminda PERERA, Manzoor QADIR, and Kaveh MADANI. Unmasking the Unseen: The Gendered Impacts of Water Quality, Sanitation and Hygiene. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU INWEH), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/inr24gar011.
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This report investigated the interplay between water quality, sanitation, hygiene and gender by examining distinct variables of water quality and their varying impacts on gender like reported water-related illnesses of males and females, and the consequences of water quality, sanitation, and hygiene on menstrual hygiene practices, particularly focusing on a low- and middle-income country- LMICs. This report presents the key findings, outlining a framework and guidance for examining gender-specific impacts stemming from poor water quality and WASH practices through a piloted case study in Abeokuta City, Nigeria, to serve as a preliminary guide for conducting comprehensive, site-specific assessments. The piloted Differential Impacts Assessment, DIA framework is a 5-step approach, guiding the evaluation of gendered impacts from method design to the field activities, which include water sampling and laboratory analysis, public survey, and health data collection, to the data and gender analysis. The focus on low- and middle-income countries underscores the importance of DIA in such regions for better health and socioeconomic outcomes, promoting inclusive development. The study results reveal unsettling, largely unseen gender disparities in exposure to health-related risks associated with non-utility water sources and highlight pronounced differences in water source preferences and utilization, the burden of water sourcing and collection, and health- and hygiene-related practices. Specifically, this preliminary assessment indicates an alarming inadequacy in accessing WASH services within the pilot study area, raising considerable doubts about achieving SDG 6 by 2030. While this finding is worrying, this report also discusses the lack of a standardized protocol for monitoring water-related impacts utilizing sex-disaggregated data, shedding light on the unseen global-scale gendered impacts. The report warns about the water safety of non-utility water sources. Without point-of-use treatment and water safety protocols, the water sources are unsuitable for potable uses, potentially posing compounded health risks associated with microbial contaminations and high calcium content, particularly affecting boys. Girls are likely the most affected by the repercussions of water collection, including time constraints, health implications, and safety concerns. Men and boys face a higher risk related to poor hygiene, while women may be more susceptible to health effects stemming from toilet cleaning responsibilities and shared sanitation facilities. Despite the preference for disposable sanitary pads among most women and girls, women maintain better menstrual hygiene practices than girls. This age-specific disparity highlights potential substantial health risks for girls in the near and distant future. Enhancing women's economic status could improve access to superior healthcare services and significantly elevate household well-being. The report calls for targeted actions, including urgent planning and implementation of robust water safety protocols for non-utility self-supply systems and mainstreaming gender concerns and needs as the “6th” accelerator for SDG 6. The piloted methodology is scalable and serves as an introductory guide that can be further refined to explore and track site-specific differential health and socioeconomic effects of inadequate water quality, especially in locales similar to the study area. The report targets policymakers and donor organizations advocating for sustainable water resource development, public health, human rights, and those promoting gender equality globally