Journal articles: 'Interphase'

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Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani, Media, Anna-Maria Elert, Vasile-Dan Hodoroaba, Leonardo Agudo Jácome, Korinna Altmann, Dorothee Silbernagl, and Heinz Sturm. "Short- and Long-Range Mechanical and Chemical Interphases Caused by Interaction of Boehmite (γ-AlOOH) with Anhydride-Cured Epoxy Resins." Nanomaterials 9, no. 6 (June 4, 2019): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9060853.

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Understanding the interaction between boehmite and epoxy and the formation of their interphases with different mechanical and chemical structures is crucial to predict and optimize the properties of epoxy-boehmite nanocomposites. Probing the interfacial properties with atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based methods, especially particle-matrix long-range interactions, is challenging. This is due to size limitations of various analytical methods in resolving nanoparticles and their interphases, the overlap of interphases, and the effect of buried particles that prevent the accurate interphase property measurement. Here, we develop a layered model system in which the epoxy is cured in contact with a thin layer of hydrothermally synthesized boehmite. Different microscopy methods are employed to evaluate the interfacial properties. With intermodulation atomic force microscopy (ImAFM) and amplitude dependence force spectroscopy (ADFS), which contain information about stiffness, electrostatic, and van der Waals forces, a soft interphase was detected between the epoxy and boehmite. Surface potential maps obtained by scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) revealed another interphase about one order of magnitude larger than the mechanical interphase. The AFM-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) technique reveals that the soft interphase consists of unreacted curing agent. The long-range electrical interphase is attributed to the chemical alteration of the bulk epoxy and the formation of new absorption bands.

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Lee, Sang Jin, Chung Hyo Lee, and Jong Hee Hwang. "Toughening of Ceramic Composite Designed by Silica-Based Transformation Weakening Interphases." Key Engineering Materials 287 (June 2005): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.287.358.

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A new concept for achieving graceful failure in oxide composites is introduced. It is based on crack deflection in a weak interphase between a matrix and reinforcement (e.g. fiber), or in a laminated composite. The interphase can be phase transformation weakened by volume contraction and/or unit cell shape change. Microcracking induced by a displacive, crystallographic phase transformation in silica-based interphases resulted in increase in the toughness of the bulk composites. In the present study, mullite/cordierite laminates with b®a-cristobalite (SiO2) transformation weakened interphase, and alumina matrix fibrous monolith with metastable hexacelsian (BaAl2Si2O8) interphases were investigated for interphase debonding behavior. In mechanical test, the laminates showed step-wise load drop behavior dependent on a grain size of b-cristobalite. In particular, in the fibrous monolith design, the load-deflection curve showed unusual plastic-like behavior with reasonable work of fracture.

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Wang, Meng, and Xiaochen Hang. "Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stress Distribution Patterns of Prestressed Composites Considering Interphases." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 5, 2023): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041345.

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New finite element analysis procedures are developed in this study to obtain the precise stress distribution patterns of prestressed composites. Within the FEM procedures, an equivalent thermal method is modified to realize the prestress application, and a multi-step methodology is developed to consider coupling effects of polymer curing and prestress application. Thereafter, the effects of interphases’ properties, including the elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), on the stress distribution patterns are revealed. Analytical methods for residual stress prediction are modified in this study to demonstrate the finite element analysis procedures. From the residual stress results, it is found that the increase in the prestress level tends to contribute to the initiation of interphase debonding. The increase in the elastic modulus or CTE of the interphase results in very large circumferential and axial stress values appearing in the interphase. When the elastic modulus in the interphase is heterogeneous, the predicted stress values in the fiber and matrix are similar to the results predicted with the equivalent elastic modulus of the interphases. However, the heterogeneous elastic modulus results in serious circumferential and axial stress gradients in the interphase.

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Ferrara, Chiara, Riccardo Ruffo, and Piercarlo Mustarelli. "The Importance of Interphases in Energy Storage Devices: Methods and Strategies to Investigate and Control Interfacial Processes." Physchem 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 26–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physchem1010003.

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Extended interphases are playing an increasingly important role in electrochemical energy storage devices and, in particular, in lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. With this in mind we initially address the differences between the concepts of interface and interphase. After that, we discuss in detail the mechanisms of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li-ion batteries. Then, we analyze the methods for interphase characterization, with emphasis put on in-situ and operando approaches. Finally, we look at the near future by addressing the issues underlying the lithium metal/electrolyte interface, and the emerging role played by the cathode electrolyte interphase when high voltage materials are employed.

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Bian, L. C., W. Liu, and J. Pan. "Probability of Debonding and Effective Elastic Properties of Particle-Reinforced Composites." Journal of Mechanics 33, no. 6 (January 24, 2017): 789–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2017.4.

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AbstractIn this paper, the effective properties of particle-reinforced composites with a weakened interphase are investigated. The particle and interphase are regarded as an equivalent-inclusion, and the interphase zone around the particle is modeled as a linear elastic spring layer. A modified micro-mechanics model is proposed to obtain the effective elastic modulus. Moreover, a statistical debonding criterion is proposed to characterize the varying probability of the evolution of interphase debonding. Numerical examples are considered to illustrate the effect of imperfect interphases on the effective properties of particle-reinforced composites. It is found that the effective elastic properties obtained in the present work are in a good agreement with the existing data from the literatures.

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Lee, Sang Jin, and Sang Ho Lee. "High-Toughening Alumina Composites Weakened by Metastable Hexacelsian Interphases." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.721.

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New laminate design for improved toughness in hexacelsian-alumina composite is introduced. The composite is based on crack deflection in a weak interphase in the alumina matrix and hexacelsian interphase. The strength and toughness of the laminated composite were studied both qualitatively by electronic microscopy and measuring flexure strength. The metastable hexacelsian interphases had partially microcracks to provide crack deflection in the composite, and the crack deflection noticeably proceeded along the meta-stable hexacelsian interphase. Load-deflection curve for the laminate showed improved work of fracture of 2.23 kJ/m2.

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Yoshida, Katsumi, Hiroyuki Akimoto, Akihiro Yamauchi, Toyohiko Yano, Masaki Kotani, and Toshio Ogasawara. "Interface Formation of Unidirectional SiC_f/SiC Composites by Electrophoretic Deposition Method." Key Engineering Materials 617 (June 2014): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.617.213.

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C-and BN-interphases on SiC fibers for unidirectional SiCf/SiC composites were formed by EPD process, and their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. Whereas the C-SiCf/SiC composites showed a pseudo-ductile fracture behavior with large amount of fiber pullout, the BN-SiCf/SiC composites fractured in a brittle manner without fiber pullout in spite of sufficient thickness of BN interphase. It is inferred from the results of EDS that sintering additives would react with h-BN-interphase, and the interphase did not act effectively for toughening the SiCf/SiC composites.

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El Khoury, Diana, Richard Arinero, Jean-Charles Laurentie, Mikhaël Bechelany, Michel Ramonda, and Jérôme Castellon. "Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (December 7, 2018): 2999–3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.279.

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The unusual properties of nanocomposites are commonly explained by the structure of their interphase. Therefore, these nanoscale interphase regions need to be precisely characterized; however, the existing high resolution experimental methods have not been reliably adapted to this purpose. Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) represents a promising technique to fulfill this objective, although no complete and accurate interphase study has been published to date and EFM signal interpretation is not straightforward. The aim of this work was to establish accurate EFM signal analysis methods to investigate interphases in nanodielectrics using three experimental protocols. Samples with well-known, controllable properties were designed and synthesized to electrostatically model nanodielectrics with the aim of “calibrating” the EFM technique for future interphase studies. EFM was demonstrated to be able to discriminate between alumina and silicon dioxide interphase layers of 50 and 100 nm thickness deposited over polystyrene spheres and different types of matrix materials. Consistent permittivity values were also deduced by comparison of experimental data and numerical simulations, as well as the interface state of silicone dioxide layers.

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9

Sancaktar, E., and P. Zhang. "Nonlinear Viscoelastic Modelling of the Fiber-Matrix Interphase in Composite Materials." Journal of Mechanical Design 112, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 605–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912653.

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A nonlinear viscoelastic analysis of the carbon fiber-thermoset (or thermoplastic) matrix interphase is presented. The second order nonlinear partial differential equation governing the state of stress at the fiber-matrix interphase is solved by using an iterative scheme involving successive differentiation and Taylor expansions to satisfy the boundary conditions. Additional iteration is used for the case with nonlinear viscoelastic matrix material. The results reveal that the thickness and material properties of the interphase have strong influence in reducing the shear stress magnitudes and distribution along the fiber. The analysis and results provide valuable insight into the application and interpretation of the single fiber tension (fragmentation) test procedure and the design of “tailored interphases.”

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Singh, Manohar, and Jeewan Chandra Pandey. "Probing thermal conductivity of interphase in epoxy alumina nanocomposites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221077489.

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The objective of this research is to determine the thermal conductivity of the interphase in epoxy alumina nanocomposites. First, TPS 500 measures the thermal conductivity of epoxy alumina nanocomposite samples. Following that, a numerical model based on the finite element method was developed to estimate the effective thermal conductivity of epoxy alumina nanocomposites over a range of assumed interphase thermal conductivity values. Finally, an algorithm is devised to extract the interphase’s thermal conductivity by combining simulation and experiment results. Interphase was found to have significantly higher thermal conductivity than the base polymer. A comprehensive analysis is presented to shed light on the observed increase in interphase thermal conductivity. The findings of this study will be critical for further investigation of heat transfer in epoxy alumina nanocomposites via modeling and simulation studies.

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11

Liu, Y. J., N. Xu, and J. F. Luo. "Modeling of Interphases in Fiber-Reinforced Composites Under Transverse Loading Using the Boundary Element Method." Journal of Applied Mechanics 67, no. 1 (September 23, 1999): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.321150.

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In this paper, interphases in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites under transverse loading are modeled by an advanced boundary element method based on the elasticity theory. The interphases are regarded as elastic layers between the fiber and matrix, as opposed to the spring-like models in the boundary element method literature. Both cylinder and square unit cell models of the fiber-interphase-matrix systems are considered. The effects of varying the modulus and thickness (including nonuniform thickness) of the interphases with different fiber volume fractions are investigated. Numerical results demonstrate that the developed boundary element method is very accurate and efficient in determining interface stresses and effective elastic moduli of fiber-reinforced composites with the presence of interphases of arbitrarily small thickness. Results also show that the interphase properties have significant effect on the micromechanical behaviors of the fiber-reinforced composites when the fiber volume fractions are large. [S0021-8936(00)02501-0]

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Han, Yupei, Ajay Piriya Vijaya Kumar Saroja, Henry R. Tinker, and Yang Xu. "Interphases in the electrodes of potassium ion batteries." Journal of Physics: Materials 5, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7639/ac5dce.

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Abstract Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are of great interest as a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective energy storage technology. The electrochemical performance of a PIB is closely related to the reaction kinetics of active materials, ionic/electronic transport, and the structural/electrochemical stability of cell components. Alongside the great effort devoted in discovering and optimising electrode materials, recent research unambiguously demonstrates the decisive role of the interphases that interconnect adjacent components in a PIB. Knowledge of interphases is currently less comprehensive and satisfactory compared to that of electrode materials, and therefore, understanding the interphases is crucial to facilitating electrode materials design and advancing battery performance. The present review aims to summarise the critical interphases that dominate the overall battery performance of PIBs, which includes solid-electrolyte interphase, cathode-electrolyte interphase, and solid–solid interphases within composite electrodes, via exploring their formation principles, chemical compositions, and determination of reaction kinetics. State-of-the-art design strategies of robust interphases are discussed and analysed. Finally, perspectives are given to stimulate new ideas and open questions to further the understanding of interphases and the development of PIBs.

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Hu, An Jun, and Yi Nuo Li. "A Muti-Functional Artificial Interphase for Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition." Key Engineering Materials 939 (January 25, 2023): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-9s9iqu.

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The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is the most intimate component affecting Li deposition in lithium metal anode (LMA). In order to guarantee the safety of LMA, the unstable intrinsic SEI needs to be replaced by the functional artificial interphase (ASEI). Herein, tailoring the interphases for realizing substantially enhanced lithium plating/striping behaviors (over 120 cycles for Li||Cu cells) is presented. This favorable ASEI containing Li3N component is in-situ fabricated by cycling after hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) were coated on the LMA surface.

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Bender, B. A., and T. L. Jessen. "A comparison of the interphase development and mechanical properties of Nicalon and Tyranno SiC fiber-reinforced ZrTiO4 matrix composites." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 10 (October 1994): 2670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.2670.

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The differences in interphase development and mechanical properties between Nicalon and Tyranno fiber-reinforced ZrTiO4 matrix composites were assessed. The composites were reinforced with either uncoated or BN-coated fibers. The microstructure and interphase development were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and analytical electron microscopy. Mechanical behavior was characterized by strength and toughness measurements. Tyranno composites developed thinner interphases due to the differences in the structure and chemistry of the starting fiber resulting from the addition of Ti to the starting polymer precursor. BN-coated fiber composites developed a thicker carbon interphase layer due to incorporation of O into the as-received BN coating. Tyranno composites were weakened by fiber clustering and were not as tough as Nicalon composites due to a lack of thermal debonding.

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El Khoury, D., V. Fedorenko, J. Castellon, M. Bechelany, J. C. Laurentie, S. Balme, M. Fréchette, M. Ramonda, and R. Arinero. "Characterization of Dielectric Nanocomposites with Electrostatic Force Microscopy." Scanning 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4198519.

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Nanocomposites physical properties unexplainable by general mixture laws are usually supposed to be related to interphases, highly present at the nanoscale. The intrinsic dielectric constant of the interphase and its volume need to be considered in the prediction of the effective permittivity of nanodielectrics, for example. The electrostatic force microscope (EFM) constitutes a promising technique to probe interphases locally. This work reports theoretical finite-elements simulations and experimental measurements to interpret EFM signals in front of nanocomposites with the aim of detecting and characterizing interphases. According to simulations, we designed and synthesized appropriate samples to verify experimentally the ability of EFM to characterize a nanoshell covering nanoparticles, for different shell thicknesses. This type of samples constitutes a simplified electrostatic model of a nanodielectric. Experiments were conducted using either DC or AC-EFM polarization, with force gradient detection method. A comparison between our numerical model and experimental results was performed in order to validate our predictions for general EFM-interphase interactions.

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Khanna, Sanjeev K., P. Ranganathan, S. B. Yedla, R. M. Winter, and K. Paruchuri. "Investigation of Nanomechanical Properties of the Interphase in a Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Using Nanoindentation." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1543966.

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Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are widely used as structural materials. These two-component materials can be tailored to suit a large variety of applications. A better understanding of the properties of the fiber-matrix “interphase” can facilitate optimum design of the composite structure. The interphase is a microscopic region around the fiber and hence nano-scale investigation using nano-indentation techniques is appropriate to determine mechanical property variations within this region. In this study the atomic force microscope adapted with a commercial nanoindenter has been used to determine the variation of the elastic modulus across the interphase for different silane coated glass fiber reinforced polyester matrix composites. A comparative study of the elastic modulus variation in the various interphases is reported. The results are discussed in the light of the current limitations of the instrumentation and analysis.

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Benveniste, Y., and G. Baum. "An interface model of a graded three-dimensional anisotropic curved interphase." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 463, no. 2078 (October 4, 2006): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2006.1777.

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A three-dimensional, generally curved, constant thickness interphase whose properties vary across its thickness is considered. This graded interphase is modelled by an interface that is located at its mid-surface and which comes now into direct contact with the media that were adjacent to it. The derivation is carried out in the setting of heat conduction, and appropriate jump conditions for the temperature and normal heat flux across the interface are derived, which characterize the interface model. The inhomogeneity of the interphase becomes a major motivation for its replacement by an interface. This representation is expected to simplify significantly the solution of boundary-value problems that involve thin inhomogeneous regions separating two media. Analytical solutions that are not available for a large class of graded interphases can become readily accessible with the derived interface model.

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Zanjani, Jamal Seyyed Monfared, and Ismet Baran. "Co-Bonded Hybrid Thermoplastic-Thermoset Composite Interphase: Process-Microstructure-Property Correlation." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020291.

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Co-bonding is an effective joining method for fiber-reinforced composites in which a prefabricated part bonds with a thermoset resin during the curing process. Manufacturing of co-bonded thermoset-thermoplastic hybrid composites is a challenging task due to the complexities of the interdiffusion of reactive thermoset resin and thermoplastic polymer at the interface between two plies. Herein, the interphase properties of co-bonded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene thermoplastic to unsaturated polyester thermoset are investigated for different processing conditions. The effect of processing temperature on the cure kinetics and interdiffusion kinetics are studied experimentally. The interphase thickness and microstructure are linked to the chemo-rheological properties of the materials. The interdiffusion mechanisms are explored and models are developed to predict the interphase thickness and microstructure for various process conditions. The temperature-dependent diffusivities were estimated by incorporating an inverse diffusion model. The mechanical response of interphases was analyzed by the Vickers microhardness test and was correlated to the processing condition and microstructure. It was observed that processing temperature has significant effect on the interdiffusion process and, consequently, on the interphase thickness, its microstructure and mechanical performance.

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Zanjani, Jamal Seyyed Monfared, and Ismet Baran. "Co-Bonded Hybrid Thermoplastic-Thermoset Composite Interphase: Process-Microstructure-Property Correlation." Materials 14, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14020291.

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Co-bonding is an effective joining method for fiber-reinforced composites in which a prefabricated part bonds with a thermoset resin during the curing process. Manufacturing of co-bonded thermoset-thermoplastic hybrid composites is a challenging task due to the complexities of the interdiffusion of reactive thermoset resin and thermoplastic polymer at the interface between two plies. Herein, the interphase properties of co-bonded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene thermoplastic to unsaturated polyester thermoset are investigated for different processing conditions. The effect of processing temperature on the cure kinetics and interdiffusion kinetics are studied experimentally. The interphase thickness and microstructure are linked to the chemo-rheological properties of the materials. The interdiffusion mechanisms are explored and models are developed to predict the interphase thickness and microstructure for various process conditions. The temperature-dependent diffusivities were estimated by incorporating an inverse diffusion model. The mechanical response of interphases was analyzed by the Vickers microhardness test and was correlated to the processing condition and microstructure. It was observed that processing temperature has significant effect on the interdiffusion process and, consequently, on the interphase thickness, its microstructure and mechanical performance.

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Yang, Yang, Qi He, Hong-Liang Dai, Jian Pang, Liang Yang, Xing-Quan Li, Yan-Ni Rao, and Ting Dai. "Micromechanics-based analyses of short fiber-reinforced composites with functionally graded interphases." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 8 (September 2, 2019): 1031–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319873033.

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A micromechanical model for short fiber-reinforced composites (SFRCs) with functionally graded interphases and a systematic prediction scheme to determine the effective properties are presented. The matrix and the fibers are regarded to be linear elastic, isotropic, and homogeneous. Fibers are assumed to be ellipsoids coated perfectly by functionally graded interphases, which is supposed to be formed chemically or physically by the constituents near the interface. First, to analyze the grading interphase effect, layer-wise concept is followed to divide the functionally graded interphases into multi-homogeneous sub-layers. Next, to take the effect of functionally graded interphases into account, a combination of multi-inclusion method and Mori–Tanaka method is applied to predict effective elastic properties of this unidirectional SFRCs with respect to the content and aspect ratio of the inclusions. By employing coordinate transformation, spatially elastic moduli are obtained. Finally, Voigt homogenization scheme is used to obtain the overall, averaged, symmetrical elastic properties of the SFRCs. Numerical examples and analyses demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method and indicate the influences of graded interphase, orientation, and aspect ratio of inclusions as well as properties and contents of the constituents on the overall properties of SFRCs.

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Hernández-Díaz, David, Ricardo Villar-Ribera, Fernando Julián, Quim Tarrés, Francesc X. Espinach, and Marc Delgado-Aguilar. "Topography of the Interfacial Shear Strength and the Mean Intrinsic Tensile Strength of Hemp Fibers as a Reinforcement of Polypropylene." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13041012.

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The strength of the interphase between the reinforcements and the matrix has a major role in the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced polyolefin composites. The creation of strong interphases is hindered by the hydrophobic and hydrophilic natures of the matrix and the reinforcements, respectively. Adding coupling agents has been a common strategy to solve this problem. Nonetheless, a correct dosage of such coupling agents is important to, on the one hand guarantee strong interphases and high tensile strengths, and on the other hand ensure a full exploitation of the strengthening capabilities of the reinforcements. The paper proposes using topographic profile techniques to represent the effect of reinforcement and coupling agent contents of the strength of the interphase and the exploitation of the reinforcements. This representation allowed identifying the areas that are more or less sensitive to coupling agent content. The research also helped by finding that an excess of coupling agent had less impact than a lack of this component.

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Vallat, M. F., S. Giami, and A. Coupard. "Elastomer-Elastomer Autohesion-Interphase Gradient of Elastic Modulus." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 4 (September 1, 1999): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538827.

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Abstract The effect of migration on the vulcanizing ingredients is considered when two sheets of carbon black reinforced polyisoprene are brought into contact. Two formulations (conventional and efficient ones) are chosen. The formation of macroscopic interphases on both sides of the interface is shown by measurements of local modulus by microindentation. The local concentration of sulfur is determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Near the interface, the modulus is always higher than in the bulk of the sheets although the interfacial strength may be quite low. Co-crosslinking of the chains in the interphase at the molecular level and macroscopic thick interphases are two important aspects of elastomer-elastomer joints.

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Vattathurvalappil, Suhail Hyder, Mahmoodul Haq, and Saratchandra Kundurthi. "Hybrid nanocomposites—An efficient representative volume element formulation with interface properties." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221084651.

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Reinforcement of polymers with multiple inclusions of varying length scales and morphologies enable enhancement and tailorability of thermo-mechanical properties in resulting polymers. Computational material models can eliminate the trial-and-error approach of developing these hybrid reinforced polymers, enable prediction of interphase properties, and allow virtual exploration of design space. In this work, computational models, specifically representative volume elements were developed for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer reinforced with nanoscale iron oxide particles and micro-scale short carbon fibers. These representative volume elements were used to predict the tensile modulus of resulting polymer nanocomposite with varying particle concentrations, orientations, interphases, and clustering to realistically replicate the actual material as observed in optical and electron microscopy. The interphase elastic modulus was obtained through established analytical formulations and incorporated into the representative volume elements by defining an interphase region around the reinforcements. The tensile modulus estimated using representative volume elements agreed well with the experiments, evidently showing that the effective tensile modulus of the polymer nanocomposite increased with increase in interphase thickness, aspect ratio, and particle content. Clustering was only observed in Fe3O4 nanoparticles but its size did not have any effect on the effective tensile modulus. The developed computational modeling framework and the resultant prediction of tensile modulus offers a design path which can be extended to other polymer nanocomposites containing multiple inclusions.

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Ko, Youngmin, Michael Baird, and Brett Helms. "Interphase Design by Localized Super-Concentrated Electrolyte for High-Voltage and High-Power Lithium Metal Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 2 (August 28, 2023): 642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-012642mtgabs.

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Batteries used in electric aircraft must deliver high-power on take-off and landing, providing in stride the ability to recharge at high voltage to make full use of the cathode capacity. Impedance rise associated with electrode–electrolyte interphases remains problematic with conventional electrolytes, resulting in unacceptable power fade. This is exacerbated when recharging cells at high voltage, which is where interphase generation remains poorly controlled. To address these issues, electrolyte design for high-voltage and high-power batteries should emphasize control over the interphase growth contributing to the impedance rise during charge. To this end, we will describe our recent efforts to alter the activity of various electrolyte components at electrode–electrolyte interfaces, granting access to exquisite control over interphase chemistry. Key to our success is the exploitation of ion clustering in locally super-concentrated electrolytes (LSCEs), which produces aggregates with intrinsically different reactivity than solvated species and from which new interphasial chemistries may be produced in-situ. We find in top-performing compositions that interphase stability is most affected by the activity of ethereal solvents in the formulations, particularly at high voltage, and that it is possible to design additives that suppress solvent activity even up to 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+. Li/NMC811 cells cycled with de-novo designed LSCEs maintain 70% of their initial discharge capacity after 1000 cycles with 4 C discharge rate at charge cut-off voltage of 4.35 V, outperforming most reported electrolytes for Li metal batteries. Furthermore, by taking an informatics approach to interphase characterization, we reveal fundamental patterns of reactivity that inform future selection criteria for advanced battery electrolytes.

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Baumgartner, Adi, Christy Ferlatte Hartshorne, Aris A. Polyzos, Heinz-Ulrich G. Weier, Jingly Fung Weier, and Ben O’Brien. "Full Karyotype Interphase Cell Analysis." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 66, no. 8 (April 19, 2018): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155418771613.

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Aneuploidy seems to play not only a decisive role in embryonal development but also in tumorigenesis where chromosomal and genomic instability reflect a universal feature of malignant tumors. The cost of whole genome sequencing has fallen significantly, but it is still prohibitive for many institutions and clinical settings. No applied, cost-effective, and efficient technique has been introduced yet aiming at research to assess the ploidy status of all 24 different human chromosomes in interphases simultaneously, especially in single cells. Here, we present the selection of human probe DNA and a technique using multistep fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) employing four sets of six labeled FISH probes able to delineate all 24 human chromosomes in interphase cells. This full karyotype analysis approach will provide additional diagnostic potential for single cell analysis. The use of spectral imaging (SIm) has enabled the use of up to eight different fluorochrome labels simultaneously. Thus, scoring can be easily assessed by visual inspection, because SIm permits computer-assigned and distinguishable pseudo-colors to each probe during image processing. This enables full karyotype analysis by FISH of single-cell interphase nuclei.

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ISHIDA, HATSUO. "Interphase Engineering." Sen'i Gakkaishi 44, no. 2 (1988): P56—P60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.44.2_p56.

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Herrington, C. S., and J. O. McGee. "Interphase cytogenetics." Neurochemical Research 15, no. 4 (April 1990): 467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00969934.

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Rosy and Malachi Noked. "Multifunctional interphase." Nature Energy 3, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0114-3.

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29

Stanley, Michael W. "Interphase Cytogenetics." Advances in Anatomic Pathology 2, no. 3 (May 1995): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00125480-199505000-00006.

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Geiss, Paul Ludwig, and Melanie Schumann. "Polymer Interphases in Adhesively Bonded Joints – Origin, Properties and Methods for Characterization." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2249.

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Chemically curing adhesives are formulations requiring reactions to convert from liquid to solid. Once cured, these adhesives carry the potential to create strong load bearing joints, resisting even severe detrimental service conditions. In adhesively bonded joints with chemically curing adhesives the term "interphase" relates to the adhesive volume adjacent to the surface of the adherent (interface), which generally will exhibit properties different from those of the adhesive bulk polymer. The properties of these interphases play an important role concerning the performance and durability of structural adhesive joints. Therefore localized strain analysis in the cross-section of shear-loaded adhesive joints was performed by combining a high-precision mechanical testing device with digital microscopy and by developing a method for preparing, marking, and digitally tracking the local deformations in micro shear specimen. Non-uniform shear profiles developing in the cross-section of the adhesive joints after exceeding the yield point serve as a sensitive indication for mechanical surface-affected interphase properties and it could be observed, that deranged crosslinking promotes strain softening of the polymer in the interphase. Infrared analysis of the cross-sectional interphase region in adhesively bonded joints was performed with a Bruker Tensor II Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer equipped with a Hyperion 3000 microscope with a 20x ATR germanium crystal objective and a MCT-Focal-Plane-Array-Detector (FPA), allowing to conduct high resolution chemical imaging and localized chemical analysis.

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31

Borges, Catarina S. P., Eduardo A. S. Marques, Ricardo J. C. Carbas, Alireza Akhavan-Safar, Christoph Ueffing, Philipp Weißgraeber, and Lucas F. M. da Silva. "Effect of the Interface/Interphase on the Water Ingress Properties of Joints with PBT-GF30 and Aluminum Substrates Using Silicone Adhesive." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 4, 2023): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040788.

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The aim of this work is to analyze the difference between silicone/composite and silicone/metal interphases, both in terms of water diffusion behavior and failure of the aged joints. For that, silicone joints with two different suhbstrates were prepared. The substrates were polybutylene terephthalate with 30% of short glass fiber (PBT-GF30) and 6082-T6 aluminum. It is assumed that the water uptake of the joints is equal to the water uptake of the substrate, adhesive, and interphase. Therefore, knowing the first three, the last could be isolated. To study the water diffusion behavior of the complete joint, rectangular joints were prepared, immersed in water and their water uptake was measured. The water immersion was conducted at 70∘C. It was concluded that the aluminum/silicone joints absorbed more water through the interphase region than the PBT-GF30/silicone joints, since the difference between the expected water uptake and the experimentally measured mass gain is significantly higher, causing adhesive failure of the joint. The same was not observed in the PBT-GF30/silicone, with a more stable interphase, that does not absorb measurable quantities of water and always exhibits cohesive failure.

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Kim, Jung-Hyun. "(Invited) Strategies for Enhancing the Stability of the Electrode-Electrolyte Interphase in Sulfide-Based Solid-State Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02170mtgabs.

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In recent years, all solid-state batteries (SSBs) have gained significant attention as the next-generation energy storage device due to their high energy density, improved safety, and enhanced stability. Sulfide-based solid electrolytes (SEs) have garnered significant attention among various inorganic materials for their exceptional properties, including high ionic conductivity and robust mechanical properties. These features make them promising candidates for SSBs, ensuring both manufacturability and long-term cycle life. For example, Li-argyrodites (e.g., Li6PS5X, and X = Cl, Br, I) and Na-thioantimonate (e.g., Na2.88Sb0.88W0.12S4) offer high ionic conductivities (> 10-3 S/cm) that are comparable to those of liquid electrolytes. However, its practical application is still under-achieved due to a few technical challenges. Among the various issues, our focus is on the electrode-electrolyte interphase, which degrades the cycle life of the SSBs. At the cathode-electrolyte interphase, narrow electrochemical window (1.71 V – 2.01 V) of Li6PS5X unwantedly prompt the oxidative decomposition of solid-electrolyte. At the anode-electrolyte interphase, Li-argyrodite SEs can be easily reduced by Li metal or oxidized by cathode active materials because of its narrow electrochemical window (1.71 V – 2.01 V). The resulting byproducts at electrode-electrolyte interphases can unwantedly lead to capacity fading and an increase in cell resistance. Additionally, SSBs made with the Li-argyrodite SEs suffer from Li-dendrite penetration during repeated cycles and consequent internal short circuits. To address these challenges, we propose strategies for passivating the interphases between the cathode and the solid electrolyte, as well as between the metallic anode and the electrolyte in solid-state batteries (SSBs). Through a combinatorial study, we aim to elucidate the extent and severity of interfacial side reactions in solid-state batteries (SSBs). In addition, the optimal coating strategies of LiNbO3 for cathodes and Li3N coating on metallic Li anode will be discussed. The optimized Li3N as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the metallic Li anode enables more than 5000 cycles without failure in symmetrical cells. Furthermore, we will also highlight a strategy for passivating the electrode-electrolyte interphases of Na-based solid-state batteries (SSBs) that employ thioantimoniate as the electrolyte material. The approaches to passivate the cathode and metallic Na anode will be presented. Comprehensive electrochemical and spectroscopic studies will be conducted to identify the source of degradation and elucidate the improvement mechanisms associated with each strategy.

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Saber-Samandari, Saeed, and Akbar Afaghi Khatibi. "The Effect of Interphase on the Elastic Modulus of Polymer Based Nanocomposites." Key Engineering Materials 312 (June 2006): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.312.199.

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The elastic modulus of interphase in polymer based nanocomposites is investigated. A new three-dimensional unit cell model has been developed for modeling three constituent phases including particle, interphase and matrix. The elastic modulus of the interphase as a function of radius is then evaluated with the help of mathematical models. The average value of interphase elastic modulus is defined and the effect of interphase thickness and particle and matrix elastic modulus on interphase is investigated.

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Moradienayat, Monireh, Dania Olmos, and Javier González-Benito. "Airbrushed Polysulfone (PSF)/Hydroxyapatite (HA) Nanocomposites: Effect of the Presence of Nanoparticles on Mechanical Behavior." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040753.

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Nanocomposite films of polysulfone (PSF)—hydroxyapatite (HA) were prepared with a commercial airbrush. Structural, thermal, and mechanical characterization allows obtaining new information to understand the role of the nanofiller–polymer matrix interphase in the final performance of these materials in relation to its possible applications in the restoration of bones. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy shows that there are hardly any structural changes in the polymer when adding HA particles. From thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry), it can be highlighted that the presence of HA does not significantly affect the glass transition temperature of the PSF but decelerates its thermal degradation. All this information points out that any change in the PSF performance because of the addition of HA particles cannot be due to specific interactions between the filler and the polymer. Results obtained from uniaxial tensile tests indicate that the addition of small amounts of HA particles (1% wt) leads to elastic moduli higher than the upper bound predicted by the rule of mixtures suggesting there must be a high contribution of the interphase. A simple model of the nanocomposite is proposed for which three contributions must be considered, particles, interphase and matrix, in such a way that interphases arising from different particles can interact by combining with each other thus leading to a decrease in its global contribution when the amount of particles is high enough. The mechanical behavior can be explained considering a balance between the contribution of the interphase and the number of particles. Finally, a particular mechanism is proposed to explain why in certain nanocomposites relatively high concentrations of nanoparticles may substantially increase the strain to failure.

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35

Mikata, Yozo. "Stress Fields in a Continuous Fiber Composite With a Variable Interphase Under Thermo-Mechanical Loadings." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 116, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904300.

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Stress fields in a continuous fiber composite with a variable interphase subjected to thermomechanical loadings are studied by using a four concentric circular cylinders model. An exact closed form solution is obtained for the stress field in the interphase in a series form using Frobenius method in a certain case. Numerical results are presented for FP fiber/Al 6061 composite with interphase, and carbon fiber/Al 6061 composite with interphase. It is found that the variableness of the thermoelastic constants in the interphase has significant effects on the stress distributions in the interphase. Therefore, this will, in turn, affect the initiation of cracks in the interphase.

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36

Zhu, Da Sheng, and Bo Qin Gu. "Micromechanical Analysis of Single-Fiber Pull-Out Test of Fiber-Reinforced Viscoelastic Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.556.

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A micromechanical model for single-fiber pull-out test of fiber-reinforced viscoelastic matrix composites is established. It includes fiber, interphase and viscoelastic matrix. The formulas to calculate the fiber axial stress, the interphase shear stress, and the matrix axial and shear stress are obtained. Moreover, for Kevlar aramid fiber reinforced viscoelastic matrix composites, the influences of the interphase thickness, the fiber embedded length and volume fraction on the stress distributions of fiber and interphase is studied. Some analysis results show that, with the increase of normalized fiber axial distance, the fiber axial stress increases monotonically, but the interphase shear stress decreases. The stress distributions of fiber and interphase change with the variation of the interphase thickness, the fiber embedded length and volume fraction.

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37

Chan, I. Tung, Tung Yang Chen, and Min Sen Chiu. "The Influence of Torsional-Rigidity Bounds for Composite Shafts with Specific Cross-Sections." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.674.

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We consider the Saint-Venant torsion problem of composite shafts. Two different kinds of imperfect interfaces are considered. One models a thin interphase of low shear modulus and the other models a thin interphase of high shear modulus. The imperfect interfaces are characterized by parameters given in terms of the thickness and shear modulus of the interphases. Using variational principles, we derive rigorous bounds for the torsional rigidity of composite shafts with cross-sections of arbitrary shapes. The analysis is based on the construction of admissible fields in the inclusions and in the matrix. We obtain the general expression for the bounds and demonstrate the results with some particular examples. Specifically, circular, elliptical and trianglar shafts are considered to exemplify the derived bounds. We incorporate the cross-section shape factor into the bounds and show how the position and size of the inclusion influence the bounds. Under specific conditions, the lower and upper bounds will coincide and agree with the exact torsional rigidity.

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38

Zhang, Changjun. "Hydroxyl-enabled interphase." Nature Energy 7, no. 7 (July 2022): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-022-01090-x.

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39

LeBrasseur, Nicole. "Migrating interphase DNA." Journal of Cell Biology 173, no. 3 (May 1, 2006): 317a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.1733rr1.

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40

Freunberger, Stefan A. "Interphase identity crisis." Nature Chemistry 11, no. 9 (August 19, 2019): 761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41557-019-0311-0.

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41

Fink, B. K., and R. L. McCullough. "Interphase research issues." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 30, no. 1 (January 1999): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(98)00118-3.

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42

Ashworth, Claire. "Interrogating the interphase." Nature Reviews Materials 3, no. 5 (April 24, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41578-018-0013-z.

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43

Zhang, Changjun. "Repairing the interphase." Nature Energy 5, no. 2 (February 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-0568-y.

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44

Zlotorynski, Eytan. "Structuring interphase chromatin." Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology 18, no. 8 (June 28, 2017): 468–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrm.2017.65.

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45

Achenbach, J. D., and H. Zhu. "Effect of Interphases on Micro and Macromechanical Behavior of Hexagonal-Array Fiber Composites." Journal of Applied Mechanics 57, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 956–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2897667.

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The effect of interphase stiffness on microstresses and macromechanical behavior has been investigated for transverse loading of an hexagonal-array unidirectional fiber composite. The interphase is modeled by a layer which resists radial extension and circumferential shear deformation. Taking advantage of the periodicity of the medium, the states of stress, and deformation in a basic cell have been analyzed numerically by the use of the boundary element method. The circumferential tensile stress along the matrix side of the interphase and the radial stress in the interphase have been analyzed for various values of the interphase parameters and the fiber volume ratio. The micromechanical results have also been used to determine the effect of interphase stiffness on the effective moduli. The calculated values have been compared with analytical results that were adjusted for interphase stiffness.

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46

Cross, W. M., F. Johnson, J. Mathison, C. Griswold, J. J. Kellar, and L. Kjerengtroen. "The effect of interphase curing on interphase properties and formation." Journal of Adhesion 78, no. 7 (July 2002): 571–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00218460213736.

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47

Foley, M. E., A. Abu Obaid, X. Huang, M. Tanoglu, T. A. Bogetti, S. H. McKnight, and J. W. Gillespie. "Fiber/matrix interphase characterization using the dynamic interphase loading apparatus." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 33, no. 10 (October 2002): 1345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(02)00172-0.

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48

Zare, Yasser, and Kyong Yop Rhee. "Analysis of the Connecting Effectiveness of the Interphase Zone on the Tensile Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Reinforced Nanocomposite." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040896.

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The establishment of interphase region around nanoparticles accelerates the percolating of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polymer nanocomposites reinforced with CNT (PCNT), due to the linking productivity of interphase district before the physical connecting of nanoparticles. Therefore, the interphase is an important character in the networks of CNT in PCNT. Here, a simulation study is presented to investigate the interphase connection in the mechanical possessions of PCNT including tensile modulus and strength. A number of models comprising Takayanagi, Ouali, Pukanszky and Callister are developed by the assumption of an interphase district in the CNT excluded volume. The advanced models depict the optimistic influences of reedy and lengthy CNT besides dense interphase on the stiffness and tensile power of nanocomposites. The Pukanszky calculations depict that the interphase strength plays a more noteworthy role in the nanocomposites strength compared to the CNT length.

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Yu, Xiao Ming, Bin Zhang, Jia Min Shen, Yue Li, and Sai Sai Liu. "Simulation and Analysis on Fiber Reinforced Rubber Matrix Sealing Composite Based on Cohesive Zone Model." Materials Science Forum 953 (May 2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.953.65.

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A finite element model on the single fiber pull-out test of short fiber reinforced rubber matrix sealing composites (SFRC) were established. The effects of the interphase properties on the interfacial stress distribution and initial debonding strain are investigated based on the cohesive zone model (CZM). The influences of interphase thicknesses and elastic modulus on the interfacial debonding behavior of SFRC are obtained. The results show that the interfacial initial debonding strain increases with the increasement of interphase thickness, and it decreases with the increasement of interphase elastic modulus. An interphase thickness of 0.4 μm and an interphase elastic modulus of about 750 MPa are optimal to restrain the initiation of the interfacial debonding.

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Chang, Yan Jun, Zhuo Li, and Ke Shi Zhang. "Damage Evolution of the Interphase on C/SiC Composites with CZM Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2847.

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Considering thermal residual stress and initial matrix crack, the cylinder FEM analysis model for C/SiC tow was established. The cohesive element and damage criterions were introduced to simulation the initiation and propagation of interphase crack processes of C/SiC composites. The thermal residual stresses release with the initial matrix crack and the cracking on interphase. The interphase crack length was dominated by the performance of interphase. Analysis demonstrated that the CZM model can simulate well the thermal residual stress and the delamination of the interphase.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interphase'

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