Journal articles: 'Interphase analysi'

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Wang, Meng, and Xiaochen Hang. "Finite Element Analysis of Residual Stress Distribution Patterns of Prestressed Composites Considering Interphases." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 5, 2023): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041345.

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New finite element analysis procedures are developed in this study to obtain the precise stress distribution patterns of prestressed composites. Within the FEM procedures, an equivalent thermal method is modified to realize the prestress application, and a multi-step methodology is developed to consider coupling effects of polymer curing and prestress application. Thereafter, the effects of interphases’ properties, including the elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), on the stress distribution patterns are revealed. Analytical methods for residual stress prediction are modified in this study to demonstrate the finite element analysis procedures. From the residual stress results, it is found that the increase in the prestress level tends to contribute to the initiation of interphase debonding. The increase in the elastic modulus or CTE of the interphase results in very large circumferential and axial stress values appearing in the interphase. When the elastic modulus in the interphase is heterogeneous, the predicted stress values in the fiber and matrix are similar to the results predicted with the equivalent elastic modulus of the interphases. However, the heterogeneous elastic modulus results in serious circumferential and axial stress gradients in the interphase.

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Sancaktar, E., and P. Zhang. "Nonlinear Viscoelastic Modelling of the Fiber-Matrix Interphase in Composite Materials." Journal of Mechanical Design 112, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 605–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912653.

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A nonlinear viscoelastic analysis of the carbon fiber-thermoset (or thermoplastic) matrix interphase is presented. The second order nonlinear partial differential equation governing the state of stress at the fiber-matrix interphase is solved by using an iterative scheme involving successive differentiation and Taylor expansions to satisfy the boundary conditions. Additional iteration is used for the case with nonlinear viscoelastic matrix material. The results reveal that the thickness and material properties of the interphase have strong influence in reducing the shear stress magnitudes and distribution along the fiber. The analysis and results provide valuable insight into the application and interpretation of the single fiber tension (fragmentation) test procedure and the design of “tailored interphases.”

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El Khoury, Diana, Richard Arinero, Jean-Charles Laurentie, Mikhaël Bechelany, Michel Ramonda, and Jérôme Castellon. "Electrostatic force microscopy for the accurate characterization of interphases in nanocomposites." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 9 (December 7, 2018): 2999–3012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.9.279.

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The unusual properties of nanocomposites are commonly explained by the structure of their interphase. Therefore, these nanoscale interphase regions need to be precisely characterized; however, the existing high resolution experimental methods have not been reliably adapted to this purpose. Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) represents a promising technique to fulfill this objective, although no complete and accurate interphase study has been published to date and EFM signal interpretation is not straightforward. The aim of this work was to establish accurate EFM signal analysis methods to investigate interphases in nanodielectrics using three experimental protocols. Samples with well-known, controllable properties were designed and synthesized to electrostatically model nanodielectrics with the aim of “calibrating” the EFM technique for future interphase studies. EFM was demonstrated to be able to discriminate between alumina and silicon dioxide interphase layers of 50 and 100 nm thickness deposited over polystyrene spheres and different types of matrix materials. Consistent permittivity values were also deduced by comparison of experimental data and numerical simulations, as well as the interface state of silicone dioxide layers.

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Singh, Manohar, and Jeewan Chandra Pandey. "Probing thermal conductivity of interphase in epoxy alumina nanocomposites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112210774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221077489.

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The objective of this research is to determine the thermal conductivity of the interphase in epoxy alumina nanocomposites. First, TPS 500 measures the thermal conductivity of epoxy alumina nanocomposite samples. Following that, a numerical model based on the finite element method was developed to estimate the effective thermal conductivity of epoxy alumina nanocomposites over a range of assumed interphase thermal conductivity values. Finally, an algorithm is devised to extract the interphase’s thermal conductivity by combining simulation and experiment results. Interphase was found to have significantly higher thermal conductivity than the base polymer. A comprehensive analysis is presented to shed light on the observed increase in interphase thermal conductivity. The findings of this study will be critical for further investigation of heat transfer in epoxy alumina nanocomposites via modeling and simulation studies.

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Khanna, Sanjeev K., P. Ranganathan, S. B. Yedla, R. M. Winter, and K. Paruchuri. "Investigation of Nanomechanical Properties of the Interphase in a Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Using Nanoindentation." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 125, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1543966.

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Glass fiber reinforced polymer composites are widely used as structural materials. These two-component materials can be tailored to suit a large variety of applications. A better understanding of the properties of the fiber-matrix “interphase” can facilitate optimum design of the composite structure. The interphase is a microscopic region around the fiber and hence nano-scale investigation using nano-indentation techniques is appropriate to determine mechanical property variations within this region. In this study the atomic force microscope adapted with a commercial nanoindenter has been used to determine the variation of the elastic modulus across the interphase for different silane coated glass fiber reinforced polyester matrix composites. A comparative study of the elastic modulus variation in the various interphases is reported. The results are discussed in the light of the current limitations of the instrumentation and analysis.

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Vallat, M. F., S. Giami, and A. Coupard. "Elastomer-Elastomer Autohesion-Interphase Gradient of Elastic Modulus." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 72, no. 4 (September 1, 1999): 701–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538827.

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Abstract The effect of migration on the vulcanizing ingredients is considered when two sheets of carbon black reinforced polyisoprene are brought into contact. Two formulations (conventional and efficient ones) are chosen. The formation of macroscopic interphases on both sides of the interface is shown by measurements of local modulus by microindentation. The local concentration of sulfur is determined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Near the interface, the modulus is always higher than in the bulk of the sheets although the interfacial strength may be quite low. Co-crosslinking of the chains in the interphase at the molecular level and macroscopic thick interphases are two important aspects of elastomer-elastomer joints.

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Baumgartner, Adi, Christy Ferlatte Hartshorne, Aris A. Polyzos, Heinz-Ulrich G. Weier, Jingly Fung Weier, and Ben O’Brien. "Full Karyotype Interphase Cell Analysis." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 66, no. 8 (April 19, 2018): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/0022155418771613.

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Aneuploidy seems to play not only a decisive role in embryonal development but also in tumorigenesis where chromosomal and genomic instability reflect a universal feature of malignant tumors. The cost of whole genome sequencing has fallen significantly, but it is still prohibitive for many institutions and clinical settings. No applied, cost-effective, and efficient technique has been introduced yet aiming at research to assess the ploidy status of all 24 different human chromosomes in interphases simultaneously, especially in single cells. Here, we present the selection of human probe DNA and a technique using multistep fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) employing four sets of six labeled FISH probes able to delineate all 24 human chromosomes in interphase cells. This full karyotype analysis approach will provide additional diagnostic potential for single cell analysis. The use of spectral imaging (SIm) has enabled the use of up to eight different fluorochrome labels simultaneously. Thus, scoring can be easily assessed by visual inspection, because SIm permits computer-assigned and distinguishable pseudo-colors to each probe during image processing. This enables full karyotype analysis by FISH of single-cell interphase nuclei.

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Qin, Lizhe, Lanying Lin, Feng Fu, and Mizi Fan. "Microstructure and Quantitative Micromechanical Analysis of Wood Cell–Emulsion Polymer Isocyanate and Urea–Formaldehyde Interphases." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 3 (March 15, 2017): 687–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927617000216.

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AbstractEmulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI) and urea-formaldehyde (UF) were selected as typical resin systems to investigate the microstructure of wood–adhesive interphases by fluorescence microscopy (FM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Further, a quantitative micromechanical analysis of the interphases was conducted using nanoindentation. The FM results showed that the UF resin could penetrate the wood to a greater extent than the EPI resin, and that the average penetration depth for these two resin systems was higher in the case of latewood. CLSM allowed visualization of the resin distribution with contrasting colors, showing that the EPI resin could not penetrate the cell wall, whereas UF resin could enter the cell walls. The micromechanical properties of the cell walls were almost unaffected by EPI penetration but were significantly affected by UF penetration, especially in the first cell wall from the glueline. This further confirmed that only cell walls with resin penetration can improve the mechanical properties of the interphase regions.

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Geiss, Paul Ludwig, and Melanie Schumann. "Polymer Interphases in Adhesively Bonded Joints – Origin, Properties and Methods for Characterization." Materials Science Forum 941 (December 2018): 2249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.2249.

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Chemically curing adhesives are formulations requiring reactions to convert from liquid to solid. Once cured, these adhesives carry the potential to create strong load bearing joints, resisting even severe detrimental service conditions. In adhesively bonded joints with chemically curing adhesives the term "interphase" relates to the adhesive volume adjacent to the surface of the adherent (interface), which generally will exhibit properties different from those of the adhesive bulk polymer. The properties of these interphases play an important role concerning the performance and durability of structural adhesive joints. Therefore localized strain analysis in the cross-section of shear-loaded adhesive joints was performed by combining a high-precision mechanical testing device with digital microscopy and by developing a method for preparing, marking, and digitally tracking the local deformations in micro shear specimen. Non-uniform shear profiles developing in the cross-section of the adhesive joints after exceeding the yield point serve as a sensitive indication for mechanical surface-affected interphase properties and it could be observed, that deranged crosslinking promotes strain softening of the polymer in the interphase. Infrared analysis of the cross-sectional interphase region in adhesively bonded joints was performed with a Bruker Tensor II Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer equipped with a Hyperion 3000 microscope with a 20x ATR germanium crystal objective and a MCT-Focal-Plane-Array-Detector (FPA), allowing to conduct high resolution chemical imaging and localized chemical analysis.

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10

Chan, I. Tung, Tung Yang Chen, and Min Sen Chiu. "The Influence of Torsional-Rigidity Bounds for Composite Shafts with Specific Cross-Sections." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.674.

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We consider the Saint-Venant torsion problem of composite shafts. Two different kinds of imperfect interfaces are considered. One models a thin interphase of low shear modulus and the other models a thin interphase of high shear modulus. The imperfect interfaces are characterized by parameters given in terms of the thickness and shear modulus of the interphases. Using variational principles, we derive rigorous bounds for the torsional rigidity of composite shafts with cross-sections of arbitrary shapes. The analysis is based on the construction of admissible fields in the inclusions and in the matrix. We obtain the general expression for the bounds and demonstrate the results with some particular examples. Specifically, circular, elliptical and trianglar shafts are considered to exemplify the derived bounds. We incorporate the cross-section shape factor into the bounds and show how the position and size of the inclusion influence the bounds. Under specific conditions, the lower and upper bounds will coincide and agree with the exact torsional rigidity.

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Riegger, Luise M., Joachim Sann, Felix H. Richter, and Jürgen Janek. "Analysis of the Interphase Formation of Thiophosphate Solid Electrolytes and the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid-State Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 2 (July 7, 2022): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-012208mtgabs.

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Due to their high ionic conductivities and better safety, thiophosphate solid electrolytes (SEs) such as Li6PS5Cl or Li7SiPS8 are of interest for applications in solid-state batteries (SSBs). However, drawbacks such as their inherent reduction instability, which impede their application with a lithium metal anode (LMA) [1] as well as low gravimetric and volumetric energy densities of the resulting full cells [2] still have to be overcome. If the decomposition products of SEs formed upon contact with lithium metal are sufficiently electronically conductive, the decomposition layer forms a so-called mixed conducting interphase (MCI). A (semi)metal dispersed in the MCI should decrease the internal resistance and lead to short circuits [3]. However, this is not the case for all metal ion containing SEs [4]. For example, the resistance of a Li|Li7SiPS8|Li symmetric cell constantly increases. Thus, knowledge about the composition of the interphase between lithium metal and SEs as well as the resistance evolution of a cell containing the respective SE is necessary. We report our latest findings of the stability of several thiophosphate SEs in contact with lithium metal. We show the kinetics of the heterogeneous solid-state reaction and the chemical composition of the resulting interphase layer. Impedance spectroscopy measurements were conducted to investigate the temporal evolution of the interphase resistance between the lithium metal anode and the SE. In situ-sputter-deposition of lithium metal onto the surface of the SE pellets and subsequent X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements are performed to study the chemical composition upon contact. Multiple repetitions of these steps allow a detailed characterization and identification of the decomposition products within the forming interphase. The combined results of our studies allow us to distinguish between the possible interphases of metal ion containing electrolytes and promotes the understanding of the SE stability towards LMAs. Reference s : [1] X. Li, J. Liang, X. Yang, K. Adair, C. Wang, F. Zhao, X. Sun, Energy Environ. Sci. (2020) 10.1039/C9EE03828K. [2] P. Braun, C. Uhlmann, M. Weiss, A. Weber, E. Ivers-Tiffée, J. Power Sources 393 (2018) 119-127. [3] S. Wenzel, T. Leichtweiss, D. Krüger, J. Sann, J. Janek, Solid State Ion. 278 (2015) 98-105. [4] L. Riegger, R. Schlem, J. Sann, W. Zier, J. Janek, Angew. Chem. (2020) 10.1002/ange.202015238.

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Moradienayat, Monireh, Dania Olmos, and Javier González-Benito. "Airbrushed Polysulfone (PSF)/Hydroxyapatite (HA) Nanocomposites: Effect of the Presence of Nanoparticles on Mechanical Behavior." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 15, 2022): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040753.

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Nanocomposite films of polysulfone (PSF)—hydroxyapatite (HA) were prepared with a commercial airbrush. Structural, thermal, and mechanical characterization allows obtaining new information to understand the role of the nanofiller–polymer matrix interphase in the final performance of these materials in relation to its possible applications in the restoration of bones. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy shows that there are hardly any structural changes in the polymer when adding HA particles. From thermal analysis (differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry), it can be highlighted that the presence of HA does not significantly affect the glass transition temperature of the PSF but decelerates its thermal degradation. All this information points out that any change in the PSF performance because of the addition of HA particles cannot be due to specific interactions between the filler and the polymer. Results obtained from uniaxial tensile tests indicate that the addition of small amounts of HA particles (1% wt) leads to elastic moduli higher than the upper bound predicted by the rule of mixtures suggesting there must be a high contribution of the interphase. A simple model of the nanocomposite is proposed for which three contributions must be considered, particles, interphase and matrix, in such a way that interphases arising from different particles can interact by combining with each other thus leading to a decrease in its global contribution when the amount of particles is high enough. The mechanical behavior can be explained considering a balance between the contribution of the interphase and the number of particles. Finally, a particular mechanism is proposed to explain why in certain nanocomposites relatively high concentrations of nanoparticles may substantially increase the strain to failure.

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Jilavi, M. H., W. M. Kriven, H. Chung, and J. Mazumder. "Microstructure characterization of oxide coatings deposited by pulsed excimer laser ablation." Journal of Materials Research 18, no. 7 (July 2003): 1623–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2003.0223.

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This work addresses the issues of coating of oxide fibers or laminates with debondable oxide interphases. It fabricates a model system for an alumina matrix reinforced with alumina fibers, wherein an enstatite interphase is transformation weakened, resulting in interphase debonding. A suitable multilayer coating sequence was chosen to act as a chemical bridge between the alumina fiber and matrix. The pulsed excimer laser ablation method (KrF excimer laser of λ = 248 nm) was used to deposit several oxide materials individually onto silicon wafers. Titania (TiO2 or T), aluminum titanate (Al2O3 · TiO2,Al2TiO5 or AT), and enstatite (MgO · SiO2, MgSiO3 or EN) layers were deposited from sintered target materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy investigations indicated that as-deposited coatings were amorphous or partially crystallized into nanosize grains, and their thicknesses were uniformly distributed over the Si-substrate, growing in columnar texture (although not as pronounced for enstatite). Transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the chemical composition of the coating materials was the same as that of the target materials and that the coatings were completely crystallized into nano- or submicrometer grain size after annealing at 1200 °C for 1 h. With these data, sapphire monofilaments were sequentially coated with five layers of Al2TiO5, TiO2, MgSiO3, TiO2, and Al2TiO5. This construction provided a chemical bridge between the alumina monofilament and the enstatite debondable interphase.

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Jamail, N. A. M., M. A. M. Piah, Nor Asiah Muhamad, Hanafiah Kamarden, and Qamarul Ezani Kamarudin. "Application of PDC Analysis to Identify Effect of Electrical Tracking on Conductivity of LLDPE-NR Nanocomposite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 785 (August 2015): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.785.325.

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Polymeric nanocomposites are widely used for high voltage outdoor insulating application due to their good electrical performance. Recently, SiO2, TiO2 and MMT nanofillers are being used as filler because there are listed as main nanofiller commonly used in electrical engineering. Natural rubber (NR) was used because the nature of the interphase is found to affect viscoelasticity and it develops several interphases with the Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix. One of the problems associated with outdoor polymeric insulators is tracking of the surface which can directly influence the reliability of the insulator. This paper presents the outcome of an experimental study to determine the conductivity level of the LLDPE-NR compound, filled with different amount of SiO2, TiO2 and MMT nanofiller using Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) measurement technique. LLDPE and NR with the ratio composition of 80:20 were selected as a base polymer. Results show that different compositions as well as the surface physical conditions affect the PDC measurement results.

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Vogtmann, Julia, Andreas Klingler, Thomas Rief, and Martin Gurka. "3D X-ray Microscopy as a Tool for in Depth Analysis of the Interfacial Interaction between a Single Carbon Fiber and an Epoxy Matrix after Mechanical Loading." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 5 (May 4, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5050121.

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The benefit of fiber-reinforced composites originates from the interaction between the fiber reinforcement and the matrix. This interplay controls many of its mechanical properties and is of utmost importance to enable its unique performance as a lightweight material. However, measuring the fiber−matrix interphase strength with micromechanical tests, like the Broutman test, is challenging, due to the many, often unknown boundary conditions. Therefore, this study uses state-of-the-art, high-resolution X-ray computed microtomography (XRM) as a tool to investigate post mortem the failure mechanisms of single carbon fibers within an epoxy matrix. This was conducted at the example of single carbon fiber Broutman test specimens. The capabilities of today’s XRM analysis were shown in comparison to classically obtained light microscopy. A simple finite element model was used to enhance the understanding of the observed fracture patterns. In total, this research reveals the possibilities and limitations of XRM to visualize and assess compression-induced single fiber fracture patterns. Furthermore, comparing two different matrix systems with each other illustrates that the failure mechanisms originate from differences in the fiber−matrix interphases. The carbon fiber seems to fail due to brittleness under compression stress. Observation of the fiber slippage and deformed small fracture pieces between the fragments suggests a nonzero stress state at the fragment ends after fiber failure. Even more, these results demonstrate the usefulness of XRM as an additional tool for the characterization of the fiber−matrix interphase.

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Zhu, Da Sheng, and Bo Qin Gu. "Micromechanical Analysis of Single-Fiber Pull-Out Test of Fiber-Reinforced Viscoelastic Matrix Composites." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.556.

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A micromechanical model for single-fiber pull-out test of fiber-reinforced viscoelastic matrix composites is established. It includes fiber, interphase and viscoelastic matrix. The formulas to calculate the fiber axial stress, the interphase shear stress, and the matrix axial and shear stress are obtained. Moreover, for Kevlar aramid fiber reinforced viscoelastic matrix composites, the influences of the interphase thickness, the fiber embedded length and volume fraction on the stress distributions of fiber and interphase is studied. Some analysis results show that, with the increase of normalized fiber axial distance, the fiber axial stress increases monotonically, but the interphase shear stress decreases. The stress distributions of fiber and interphase change with the variation of the interphase thickness, the fiber embedded length and volume fraction.

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Mechery, Reenesh, Manish Mukherjee, and AK Shreehari. "Histomorphometric analysis of bone interphase." Journal of Dentistry Defence Section 14, no. 2 (2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jodd.jodd_19_20.

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Arnoldus, E. P. J., A. K. Raap, A. C. B. Peters, and M. van der Ploeg. "Interphase cytogenetic analysis of gliomas." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 94 (January 1992): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-8467(92)90015-u.

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Yu, Xiao Ming, Bin Zhang, Jia Min Shen, Yue Li, and Sai Sai Liu. "Simulation and Analysis on Fiber Reinforced Rubber Matrix Sealing Composite Based on Cohesive Zone Model." Materials Science Forum 953 (May 2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.953.65.

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A finite element model on the single fiber pull-out test of short fiber reinforced rubber matrix sealing composites (SFRC) were established. The effects of the interphase properties on the interfacial stress distribution and initial debonding strain are investigated based on the cohesive zone model (CZM). The influences of interphase thicknesses and elastic modulus on the interfacial debonding behavior of SFRC are obtained. The results show that the interfacial initial debonding strain increases with the increasement of interphase thickness, and it decreases with the increasement of interphase elastic modulus. An interphase thickness of 0.4 μm and an interphase elastic modulus of about 750 MPa are optimal to restrain the initiation of the interfacial debonding.

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Htira, Thouaiba, Sarra Zid, Matthieu Zinet, and Eliane Espuche. "Finite Element Analysis of Gas Diffusion in Polymer Nanocomposite Systems Containing Rod-like Nanofillers." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162615.

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Polymer-based films with improved gas barrier properties are of great interest for a large range of applications, including packaging and coatings. The barrier effect is generally obtained via the addition of a sufficient amount of impermeable nanofillers within the polymer matrix. Due to their low environmental footprint, bio-based nanocomposites such as poly(lactic acid)–cellulose nanocrystal (PLA–CNC) nanocomposites seem to be an interesting alternative to synthetic-polymer-based nanocomposites. The morphology of such systems consists of the dispersion of impermeable rod-like fillers of finite length in a more permeable matrix. The aim of this work is to analyze, through finite element modeling (FEM), the diffusion behavior of 3D systems representative of PLA–CNC nanocomposites, allowing the determination of the nanocomposites’ effective diffusivity. Parametric studies are carried out to evaluate the effects of various parameters, such as the filler volume fraction, aspect ratio, polydispersity, and agglomeration, on the improvement of the barrier properties. The role of the filler–matrix interfacial area (or interphase) is also investigated and is shown to be particularly critical to the overall barrier effect for highly diffusive interphases.

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Zare, Yasser, and Kyong Yop Rhee. "Analysis of the Connecting Effectiveness of the Interphase Zone on the Tensile Properties of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) Reinforced Nanocomposite." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040896.

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The establishment of interphase region around nanoparticles accelerates the percolating of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in polymer nanocomposites reinforced with CNT (PCNT), due to the linking productivity of interphase district before the physical connecting of nanoparticles. Therefore, the interphase is an important character in the networks of CNT in PCNT. Here, a simulation study is presented to investigate the interphase connection in the mechanical possessions of PCNT including tensile modulus and strength. A number of models comprising Takayanagi, Ouali, Pukanszky and Callister are developed by the assumption of an interphase district in the CNT excluded volume. The advanced models depict the optimistic influences of reedy and lengthy CNT besides dense interphase on the stiffness and tensile power of nanocomposites. The Pukanszky calculations depict that the interphase strength plays a more noteworthy role in the nanocomposites strength compared to the CNT length.

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Kalinichenko, V. A., A. S. Kalinichenko, and S. V. Grigoriev. "Particularities of structure formation of aluminum-copper composite materials manufactured by casting technology." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 7, 2020): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2020-1-116-121.

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To create friction pairs operating in severe working conditions, composite materials are now increasingly used. Composite materials obtained with the use of casting technologies are of interest due to the possibility to manufacture wide range of compositions at low price compared to powder metallurgy. Despite the fact that many composite materials have been sufficiently studied, it is of interest to develop new areas of application and give them the properties required by the consumer. In the present work the composite materials on the basis of silumin reinforced with copper granules were considered. Attention was paid to the interaction between the matrix alloy and the reinforcing phase material as determining the properties of the composite material. The analysis of distribution of the basic alloying elements in volume of composite material and also in zones of the interphases interaction is carried out. The analysis of the possibility of obtaining a strong interphase zone of contact between the reinforcing component and the matrix material without significant dissolution of the reinforcing material is carried out.

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Biswal, Prayag, Atsu Kludze, Joshua Rodrigues, Yue Deng, Taylor Moon, Sanjuna Stalin, Qing Zhao, Jiefu Yin, Lena F. Kourkoutis, and Lynden A. Archer. "The early-stage growth and reversibility of Li electrodeposition in Br-rich electrolytes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): e2012071118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012071118.

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The physiochemical nature of reactive metal electrodeposits during the early stages of electrodeposition is rarely studied but known to play an important role in determining the electrochemical stability and reversibility of electrochemical cells that utilize reactive metals as anodes. We investigated the early-stage growth dynamics and reversibility of electrodeposited lithium in liquid electrolytes infused with brominated additives. On the basis of equilibrium theories, we hypothesize that by regulating the surface energetics and surface ion/adatom transport characteristics of the interphases formed on Li, Br-rich electrolytes alter the morphology of early-stage Li electrodeposits; enabling late-stage control of growth and high electrode reversibility. A combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), image analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and contact angle goniometry are employed to evaluate this hypothesis by examining the physical–chemical features of the material phases formed on Li. We report that it is possible to achieve fine control of the early-stage Li electrodeposit morphology through tuning of surface energetic and ion diffusion properties of interphases formed on Li. This control is shown further to translate to better control of Li electrodeposit morphology and high electrochemical reversibility during deep cycling of the Li metal anode. Our results show that understanding and eliminating morphological and chemical instabilities in the initial stages of Li electroplating via deliberately modifying energetics of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a feasible approach in realization of deeply cyclable reactive metal batteries.

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Tomba, Pablo, and Guillermo Eliçabe. "True Chemical Composition Profiles at Polymer Interphases: Recovery from Measurements Distorted by Instrumental Broadening." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 8 (August 2003): 920–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322258878.

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The determination of chemical composition profiles at polymer interphases is an important issue at the moment of elucidating the physical mechanisms that operate in polymer diffusion processes and for calculating diffusion parameters. Several techniques are available to measure these profiles, the most common being forward recoil spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, nuclear reaction analysis, confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM), and scanning infrared microscopy. However, all these techniques are affected by the limited resolution of the experimental setup, which in practice produces a rounding effect on the sharp corners of the composition profile; this may lead to incorrect conclusions regarding the measurements. In this work an inverse technique is proposed to correct this undesirable effect in the profiles. The inversion is performed on a model of the measuring process, which includes the instrumental broadening function, a quantitative representation of the limited resolution. The proposed methodology was tested using numerically generated experiments and genuine experimental runs obtained from CRM measurements at interphases of polymer bilayers. In all cases, the recovered profiles were close to the expected ones. In the truly experimental results diffusion tails are observed behind and ahead of the diffusion front before the numerical treatment of the data. These tails may be caused by a genuine mass diffusion or by an artifact. After the numerical treatment the tails disappear and a sharp interphase is recovered, a result one expects for the polymer pairs under study.

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Liu, Ming, Shan Cao, and Shuliang Cao. "Numerical analysis for interphase forces of gas-liquid flow in a multiphase pump." Engineering Computations 35, no. 6 (August 6, 2018): 2386–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-04-2018-0161.

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Purpose The modeling of interphase forces plays a significant role in the numerical simulation of gas–liquid flow in a rotodynamic multiphase pump, which deserves detailed study. Design/methodology/approach Numerical analysis is conducted to estimate the influence of interphase forces, including drag force, lift force, virtual mass force, wall lubrication force and turbulent dispersion force. Findings The results show that the magnitude of the interphase forces can be sorted by: drag force > virtual mass force > lift force > turbulent dispersion force > wall lubrication force. The relations between interphase forces and velocity difference of gas–liquid flow and also the interphase forces and gas volume fraction are revealed. The distribution characteristics of interphase forces in the passages from impeller inlet to diffuser outlet are illustrated and analyzed. According to the results, apart from the drag force, the virtual mass force, lift force and turbulent dispersion force are required, whereas wall lubrication force can be neglected for numerical simulation of gas–liquid flow in a rotodynamic multiphase pump. Compared with the conventional numerical method which considers drag force only, the relative errors of predicted pressure rise and efficiency based on the proposed numerical method in account of four major forces can be reduced by 4.95 per cent and 3.00 per cent, respectively. Originality value The numerical analysis reveals the magnitude and distribution of interphase forces inside multiphase pump, which is meaningful for the simulation and design of multiphase pump.

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Chang, Yan Jun, Zhuo Li, and Ke Shi Zhang. "Damage Evolution of the Interphase on C/SiC Composites with CZM Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2847–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2847.

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Considering thermal residual stress and initial matrix crack, the cylinder FEM analysis model for C/SiC tow was established. The cohesive element and damage criterions were introduced to simulation the initiation and propagation of interphase crack processes of C/SiC composites. The thermal residual stresses release with the initial matrix crack and the cracking on interphase. The interphase crack length was dominated by the performance of interphase. Analysis demonstrated that the CZM model can simulate well the thermal residual stress and the delamination of the interphase.

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Yu, Zhiyi, Baoshan Zhu, and Shuliang Cao. "Interphase force analysis for air-water bubbly flow in a multiphase rotodynamic pump." Engineering Computations 32, no. 7 (October 5, 2015): 2166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-10-2014-0210.

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Purpose – Interphase forces between the gas and liquid phases determine many phenomena in bubbly flow. For the interphase forces in a multiphase rotodynamic pump, the magnitude analysis was carried out within the framework of two-fluid model. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relative importance of various interphase forces on the mixed transport process, and the findings herein will be a base for the future study on the mechanism of the gas blockage phenomenon, which is the most challenging issue for such pumps. Design/methodology/approach – Four types of interphase forces, i.e. drag force, lift force, virtual mass force and turbulent dispersion force (TDF) were taken into account. By comparing with the experiment in the respect of the head performance, the effectiveness of the numerical model was validated. In conditions of different inlet gas void fractions, bubble diameters and rotational speeds, the magnitude analyses were made for the interphase forces. Findings – The results demonstrate that the TDF can be neglected in the running of the multiphase rotodynamic pump; the drag force is dominant in the impeller region and the outlet extended region. The sensitivity analyses of the bubble diameter and the rotational speed were also performed. It is found that larger bubble size is accompanied by smaller predicted drag but larger predicted lift and virtual mass, while the increase of the rotational speed can raise all the interphase forces mentioned above. Originality/value – This paper has revealed the magnitude information and the relative importance of the interphase forces in a multiphase rotodynamic pump.

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Vazquez-Rodríguez, J. M., P. J. Herrera-Franco, and P. I. Gonzalez-Chi. "Micromechanical Analysis of Thermoplastic– Thermoset Interphase." Macromolecular Symposia 216, no. 1 (September 2004): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/masy.200451213.

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Babu, Ramesh, Daniel L. Van Dyke, Vaithilingam G. Dev, Prasad Koduru, Nagesh Rao, Navnit S. Mitter, Mingya Liu, Ernesto Fuentes, Sarah Fuentes, and Stephen Papa. "Interphase Chromosome Profiling: A Method for Conventional Banded Chromosome Analysis Using Interphase Nuclei." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 142, no. 2 (October 5, 2017): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0621-oa.

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Context.— Chromosome analysis on bone marrow or peripheral blood samples fails in a small proportion of attempts. A method that is more reliable, with similar or better resolution, would be a welcome addition to the armamentarium of the cytogenetics laboratory. Objective.— To develop a method similar to banded metaphase chromosome analysis that relies only on interphase nuclei. Design.— To label multiple targets in an equidistant fashion along the entire length of each chromosome, including landmark subtelomere and centromere regions. Each label so generated by using cloned bacterial artificial chromosome probes is molecularly distinct with unique spectral characteristics, so the number and position of the labels can be tracked to identify chromosome abnormalities. Results.— Interphase chromosome profiling (ICP) demonstrated results similar to conventional chromosome analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization in 55 previously studied cases and obtained useful ICP chromosome analysis results on another 29 cases in which conventional methods failed. Conclusions.— ICP is a new and powerful method to karyotype peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate preparations without reliance on metaphase chromosome preparations. It will be of particular value for cases with a failed conventional analysis or when a fast turnaround time is required.

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Parizi, Mohammad J. Ghasemi, Hossein Shahverdi, Ehsan Pipelzadeh, Andreu Cabot, and Pablo Guardia. "A Finite Element Investigation into the Cohesive Properties of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymers with Nanostructured Interphases." Nanomaterials 11, no. 10 (September 24, 2021): 2487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11102487.

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Glass-fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites represent one of the most exploited composites due to their outstanding mechanical properties, light weight and ease of manufacture. However, one of the main limitations of GFRP composites is their weak inter-laminar properties. This leads to resin delamination and loss of mechanical properties. Here, a model based on finite element analysis (FEA) is introduced to predict the collective advantage that a GF surface modification has on the inter-laminar properties in GFRP composites. The developed model is validated with experimental pull-out tests performed on different samples. As such, modifications were introduced using different surface coatings. Interfacial shear stress (IFSS) for each sample as a function of the GF to polymer interphase was evaluated. Adhesion energy was found by assimilating the collected data into the model. The FE model reported here is a time-efficient and low-cost tool for the precise design of novel filler interphases in GFRP composites. This enables the further development of novel composites addressing delamination issues and the extension of their use in novel applications.

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Ning, Zhi Hua, and Xi Nan Liu. "Thermal Analysis for Fiber-Reinforced Composites Containing Inhomogeneous Interphase Subjected to a Radial Constraint." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.77.

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This paper presents the thermal analysis on fiber-reinforced composites containing inhomogeneous interphase subjected to a uniform temperature change. Based on the assumption of generalized plane strain, the deformations and thermal stresses of the composites subjected to a radial constraint are obtained by using iterative technique. The material properties of the interphase are assumed to be linear variation along radial direction. The effects of different volume fractions of the interphase on the stresses in the composites subjected to applied radial stress/strain are investigated.

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Ciglian, Dávid, and Ladislav Reinprecht. "The Effect of Inorganic Preservatives in the Norway Spruce Wood on Its Wettability and Adhesion with PUR Glue." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2022): 5642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115642.

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Recycled recovered wood, for example, from historic buildings, containing biocides, fire retardants or anti-weather paints is an attractive material for manufacturing composite wood panels which can be used for decoration as well as load-bearing walls with a typical patina. This paper investigates the effect of four inorganic wood preservatives—CuSO4·5H2O, ZnCl2, H3BO3 and (NH4)2SO4—commonly used in the past, with the focus on their effect on the quality of wood bonding. The milled surfaces of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst L.) wood were treated with 0.5, 1 and 2% aqueous solutions of these preservatives. The effect of preservatives in spruce wood was evaluated: (1) by its wettability with the drops of redistilled water, measuring the contact angles; (2) by the shear strength of the “spruce wood—polyurethane (PUR) Kestopur 1030 glue” interphases according to the standard EN 205; (3) by microscopic analysis of the “wood—PUR” interphases. The wettability of spruce wood worsened when using ZnCl2, by a maximum of 28.2%, but on the contrary, it improved due to other preservatives mainly by using (NH4)2SO4, at a maximum of 22.9%. In general, the shear strength of glued joints “wood—PUR” continually decreased with higher concentrations of all the preservatives. The most significant decrease of adhesion “wood—PUR”, by 19.8% from 10.66 MPa to 8.55 MPa, was caused by 2% ZnCl2 used for the treatment of both spruce wood specimens in interphase with the PUR glue. On the contrary, the less significant decrease of adhesion “wood—PUR”, by 2.5%, was caused by 0.5% (NH4)2SO4 applied only on one surface of the two inter-bonded spruce wood specimens. The effects of preservatives on the wood wettability and its adhesion with PUR glue were partly confirmed by microscopic analysis.

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Salomonsson, Kent, and Ulf Stigh. "An adhesive interphase element for structural analyses." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 76, no. 4 (October 22, 2008): 482–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.2333.

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Visser, A. E., F. Jaunin, S. Fakan, and J. A. Aten. "High resolution analysis of interphase chromosome domains." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 14 (July 15, 2000): 2585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.14.2585.

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Chromosome territories need to be well defined at high resolution before functional aspects of chromosome organization in interphase can be explored. To visualize chromosomes by electron microscopy (EM), the DNA of Chinese hamster fibroblasts was labeled in vivo with thymidine analogue BrdU. Labeled chromosomes were then segregated during several cell cycles to obtain nuclei containing only 2 to 3 labeled chromosomes. Subsequent immunocytochemical detection of BrdU allowed analysis by EM of chromosome territories and subchromosomal domains in well preserved nuclei. Our results provide the first high resolution visualization of chromosomes in interphase nuclei. We show that chromosome domains are either separated from one another by interchromatin space or are in close contact with no or little intermingling of their DNA. This demonstrates that, while chromosomes form discrete territories, chromatin of adjacent chromosomes may be in contact in limited regions, thus implying chromosome-chromosome interactions. Chromosomes are organized as condensed chromatin with dispersed chromatin extending into the interchromatin space that is largely devoid of DNA. The interchromatin space, which is known to be involved in various nuclear functions, forms interconnecting channels running through and around chromosome territories. Functional implications of this organization are discussed.

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Hammond, D. W., B. W. Hancock, J. R. Goepel, and M. H. Goyns. "Interphase cytogenetic analysis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." Clinical & Laboratory Haematology 14, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2257.1992.tb00375.x.

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Seferis, James C., Matthew S. Tillman, and Brian S. Hayes. "SCALED ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE ADHESIVE INTERPHASE PROPERTIES*." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 40, no. 5 (November 30, 2001): 923–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/mb-100107568.

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Pagliaro, Lance C., and Wayne S. Stanley. "Interphase FISH and morphologic analysis of AML." Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 67, no. 2 (June 1993): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-4608(93)90159-j.

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Chua, Ping Seng. "Dynamic mechanical analysis studies of the interphase." Polymer Composites 8, no. 5 (October 1987): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750080505.

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Anastasi, J., M. Thangavelu, JW Vardiman, AL Hooberman, ML Bian, RA Larson, and MM Le Beau. "Interphase cytogenetic analysis detects minimal residual disease in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and resolves the question of origin of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation." Blood 77, no. 5 (March 1, 1991): 1087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.5.1087.1087.

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Abstract We used in situ hybridization with a probe for the X chromosome to study interphase cells of bone marrow and peripheral blood specimens from a male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by hyperdiploidy, including trisomy X. In a posttreatment bone marrow specimen, which was interpreted as a regenerating bone marrow morphologically and which demonstrated a normal karyotype cytogenetically, trisomy X was found in 16 of 1,000 interphase cells. This finding indicated the presence of leukemic cells that were undetected by conventional morphologic and cytogenetic techniques (ie, minimal residual disease). Cytogenetic studies of a relapse specimen obtained after a sex-mismatched bone marrow transplant showed only a normal female karyotype in each of 40 metaphase cells, suggesting that the relapse occurred in donor cells. However, interphase analysis demonstrated trisomy X in more than 80% of interphase cells and indicated that the relapse was of the original clone and was not a transformation of donor cells. This case illustrates that interphase analysis can be useful as an adjunct to conventional cytogenetic analysis in the detection of minimal residual disease and in the analysis of interphase cells that are not accessible to routine cytogenetic methods. It also illustrates that previously reported instances of relapse of leukemia in donor cells could have been incorrect if supported by cytogenetic data alone.

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Anastasi, J., M. Thangavelu, JW Vardiman, AL Hooberman, ML Bian, RA Larson, and MM Le Beau. "Interphase cytogenetic analysis detects minimal residual disease in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and resolves the question of origin of relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation." Blood 77, no. 5 (March 1, 1991): 1087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.5.1087.bloodjournal7751087.

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We used in situ hybridization with a probe for the X chromosome to study interphase cells of bone marrow and peripheral blood specimens from a male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia characterized by hyperdiploidy, including trisomy X. In a posttreatment bone marrow specimen, which was interpreted as a regenerating bone marrow morphologically and which demonstrated a normal karyotype cytogenetically, trisomy X was found in 16 of 1,000 interphase cells. This finding indicated the presence of leukemic cells that were undetected by conventional morphologic and cytogenetic techniques (ie, minimal residual disease). Cytogenetic studies of a relapse specimen obtained after a sex-mismatched bone marrow transplant showed only a normal female karyotype in each of 40 metaphase cells, suggesting that the relapse occurred in donor cells. However, interphase analysis demonstrated trisomy X in more than 80% of interphase cells and indicated that the relapse was of the original clone and was not a transformation of donor cells. This case illustrates that interphase analysis can be useful as an adjunct to conventional cytogenetic analysis in the detection of minimal residual disease and in the analysis of interphase cells that are not accessible to routine cytogenetic methods. It also illustrates that previously reported instances of relapse of leukemia in donor cells could have been incorrect if supported by cytogenetic data alone.

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Yaghoubi, Vahid, Mohammad Silani, Hossein Zolfaghari, Mostafa Jamshidian, and Timon Rabczuk. "Nonlinear interphase effects on plastic hardening of nylon 6/clay nanocomposites: A computational stochastic analysis." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 6 (August 12, 2019): 753–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319868523.

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In this paper, the nonlinear effect of interphase properties on the macroscopic plastic response of nylon 6/clay nanocomposites is investigated by applying a stochastic analysis on a multiscale computational model of nanocomposites. The mechanical behavior of interphase is described with respect to that of the matrix by a weakening coefficient. The interphase thickness and properties are considered as the stochastic inputs and the hardening modulus and hardening exponent describing the plastic hardening characteristics of the nanocomposite are the random outputs. The stochastic analysis consists of three procedures including (i) model selection using Akaike information criterion, (ii) uncertainty propagation using Latin Hypercube sampling in conjunction with chi-square test, and (iii) sensitivity analysis using Sobol indices. The results indicate that the exponential hardening model best describes the flow stress–plastic strain response of the nanocomposite. It is also shown that increasing the clay content generally increases the plastic hardening rate of the nanocomposite up to 4% clay content. Besides, the hardening characteristics of the nanocomposite are more sensitive to the weakening coefficient than the interphase thickness.

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Ni, Xin Hua, Ying Chen Ma, Qing Hua Gu, and Ling Ying Wang. "The Damage Evolution Analysis of Fiber-Eutectic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 251 (December 2012): 289–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.251.289.

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Based on micro-mechanics and finite element theory, the stress field of fiber-eutectic was researched by using the ANSYS program. First, in order to study the interaction of fiber and interphase, fiber- eutectic can be simplified as representative volume cell. Then we use ANSYS program to construct the cell model and simulate the tensile stress field. The results show that the stress is uneven in the cell and the elements near the interphase with high stiffness will damage first. At last the stress change and damage evolution route are simulated by using the element birth and death technology.

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Jiang, Shi-Ping, Derek Bouman, and Karine Hovanes. "Detection of Genetic Abnormalities for Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Selective Interphase Analysis with FISH Method." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4149.4149.

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Abstract Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for approximately 30% of all lymphoid malignancies. It can be difficult to separate DLBCL from Burkitt lymphoma and plasmablastic myeloma by morphology and flow cytometric immunophenotyping alone. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) targetgene analysis can assist the differential diagnosis by detection of genetic abnormalities associated with DLBCL. Though no consistent numeric chromosomal abnormalities or translocations are observed as a hallmark for DLBCL, most cases have rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH), BCL2 and MYC genes. Standard interphase FISH analysis is widely utilized to detect these genetic rearrangements. However, standard interphase FISH analysis could be falsely negative if the neoplastic cells are limited or if abundant benign cells are present in the background. Thus, the sensitivity to detect genetic abnormalities is low among the cases with a low number of neoplastic cells. Herein we present three DLBCL cases in which interphase FISH analysis was applied on selective cells that are morphologically consistent with neoplastic large lymphocytes. All three cases showed genetic changes in a high percentage of the selected cells. These three cases were originally analyzed for IgH gene rearrangement, IgH/BCL2 and IgH/MYC translocation by using standard non-selected interphase study and showed false negative results. However, by review of the H&E slide and the flow cytometry results prompted a re-evaluation of the FISH studies using selective analysis of neoplastic cells only. Our observations indicate that selective interphase FISH analysis improves the sensitivity of detecting genetic abnormalities in DLBCL. This analysis does require a corporation between hematopathologists and technologists performing interphase FISH studies.

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Liu, Yu Jia, Ying Yan, and Hai Qiang She. "Multiple Nonlinear Regression Analysis for the Prediction of Macroscopic Elastic Properties on Composite Containing Interphase." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.78.

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A convenient method to predict the macroscopic elastic performance of composite containing interphase was proposed in this paper. Firstly, a 3-D three-phase micromechanical model with randomly distributed fibers was established with the Moving Window Method (MWM), and the macroscopic elastic properties of T300/914C were predicted using energy method. Secondly, the multiple nonlinear regression correlation between the macroscopic elastic properties and micromechanical characteristic parameters of the interphase was established based on numerical data. Finally, the macroscopic elastic properties of T300/914C containing interphase were predicted using the regression model. Results indicate that the relative error for the longitudinal modulus is within ±1% while it is within ±3.5% for the transverse modulus, and shear modulus.

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Akamatsu, Matthew, Yu Lin, Joerg Bewersdorf, and Thomas D. Pollard. "Analysis of interphase node proteins in fission yeast by quantitative and superresolution fluorescence microscopy." Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 23 (November 7, 2017): 3203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0522.

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We used quantitative confocal microscopy and FPALM superresolution microscopy of live fission yeast to investigate the structures and assembly of two types of interphase nodes—multiprotein complexes associated with the plasma membrane that merge together and mature into the precursors of the cytokinetic contractile ring. During the long G2 phase of the cell cycle, seven different interphase node proteins maintain constant concentrations as they accumulate in proportion to cell volume. During mitosis, the total numbers of type 1 node proteins (cell cycle kinases Cdr1p, Cdr2p, Wee1p, and anillin Mid1p) are constant even when the nodes disassemble. Quantitative measurements provide strong evidence that both types of nodes have defined sizes and numbers of constituent proteins, as observed for cytokinesis nodes. Type 1 nodes assemble in two phases—a burst at the end of mitosis, followed by steady increase during interphase to double the initial number. Type 2 nodes containing Blt1p, Rho-GEF Gef2p, and kinesin Klp8p remain intact throughout the cell cycle and are constituents of the contractile ring. They are released from the contractile ring as it disassembles and then associate with type 1 nodes around the equator of the cell during interphase.

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Lee, You Kyoung, Fink Stephanie, Therneau Terry, Smoley Stephanie, Paternoster Sarah, Adeyinka Adewale, Larson Dirk, Fonseca Raphael, Kyle Robert, and Dewald Gordon. "Survival Based on Metaphase Versus Interphase Cells for 154 Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma." Blood 104, no. 11 (November 16, 2004): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.1422.1422.

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Abstract Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) has been studied by conventional cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization using DNA probes (FISH) on interphase nuclei and metaphase cells, but the relative clinical significance of proliferating (metaphase) versus non-proliferating (interphase) cells at diagnosis is poorly understood. We investigated a consecutive series of 154 patients (pts) with newly diagnosed untreated MM, and compared results for metaphase and interphase cells with survival. Methods: Bone marrow within 30 days of diagnosis was analyzed by standard cytogenetics. Leftover cells were stored at −70°C. Interphase and metaphase FISH was done using probes for IGH, FGFR3, CCND1, c-MAF, D13S319, LAMP1, p53 and D17Z1 to detect t(4;14), t(11;14), t(14;16) and chromosome 13 or 17 anomalies, respectively. We analyzed <10 metaphases and 200 unselected interphase nuclei for each FISH probe set for each pt. Survival rates were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and differences in survival curves compared using log-rank test. Results: 61 (39.6%) pts had abnormal metaphases by cytogenetics (43 pts) and/or FISH (46 pts): 12 (19.7%) had t(11;14) by cytogenetics (3 pts) and/or FISH (11 pts), 11 (18.0%) had t(4;14) by FISH but not cytogenetics, and 3 (4.9%) had t(14;16) by FISH but not cytogenetics. Metaphases with 13q- were seen in 30 pts (49.2%). Interphase FISH results were abnormal for 133 (86.3%) pts: mean percent neoplastic nuclei was 26.9 ± 21.6 (3.9 to 99.0). Mean percent plasma cells was 54.7 ± 24.6 (3.0 to 99.0). Each of the 61 pts with abnormal metaphases was also abnormal in interphase nuclei. Median survival for pts with ≥50% (20 pts) abnormal nuclei was 202 days vs. 1351 days for pts with <50% (134 pts) (p<0.001). Median survival for pts with abnormal metaphases (61 pts) was 587 days vs. 1404 days for pts with normal metaphases (93 pts) (p=0.002). Median survival was 381 days for 30 pts with 13q- metaphases compared with 1404 days for 38 pts with normal metaphases and 13q- interphase nuclei (p<0.001). Metaphase and interphase analysis along with other potential risk factors (hemoglobin <10, serum calcium ≥11, serum creatinine ≥2, plasma cell labeling index and percent bone marrow plasma cells) were evaluated by multivariate analysis using a stepwise selection in a Cox proportional hazards model. Only the observation of 13q- in metaphases or ≥50% abnormal interphase nuclei were significant predictors of survival. Conclusions: Analysis of metaphases at diagnosis is important to detect proliferating disease which is a strong indicator of poor prognosis. Metaphase FISH is a necessary adjunct to conventional cytogenetics to detect cryptic t(4;14) and t(14;16), and accurately detect prognostic chromosome anomalies such as 13q-. Observing a 13q- in metaphase cells is a strong predictor of survival compared with observing 13q- in only interphase nuclei. At diagnosis, analysis of interphase nuclei is efficient, identifies an abnormal clone in 86% of pts and defines a subset of patients with ≥50% nuclei that have a poor prognosis. Since analysis of metaphases gives better prognostic information, interphase FISH is not a substitution in the cytogenetic work up of patients with MM.

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Zhang, Bin, and Bo Qin Gu. "The Effect of Interphase Modulus and Thickness on Stress Transfer of Short-Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 55-57 (May 2011): 303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.55-57.303.

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In this paper, the stress distribution of short-fiber-reinforced composites (SFRC) using representative volume element (RVE) approach based on the finite element analysis (FEA) was presented. A three-phase model was built, in which loads were applied to the matrix. The influences of interphase parameters like Young’s modulus and thickness were studied. The FEA confirms that interphase Young’s modulus and thickness control stress distribution in SFRC. The stress concentration at the fiber interface becomes greater with high interphase Young’s modulus and thin interphase thickness. The FEA results were also compared with those obtained by analytic method.

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Sun, T. Y., R. N. Parthasarathy, and G. M. Faeth. "Structure of Bubbly Round Condensing Jets." Journal of Heat Transfer 108, no. 4 (November 1, 1986): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3247040.

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A theoretical and experimental study of turbulent bubbly condensing jets is reported. Tests involved initially monodisperse carbon dioxide bubbles in water (∼ 1 mm diameter bubbles with initial gas volume fractions of 2.4 and 4.8 percent) injected vertically upward in still water. Measurements were made of mean and fluctuating phase velocities, mean bubble diameters, mean bubble number intensities, and mean concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide. Three theoretical methods were used to interpret the measurements: (1) locally homogeneous flow analysis, assuming infinitely fast interphase transport rates; (2) deterministic separated flow analysis, where finite interphase transport rates are considered but bubble/turbulence interactions are ignored; and (3) stochastic separated-flow analysis where both finite interphase transport rates and bubble/turbulence interactions are considered using random-walk methods. Both finite interphase transport rates and the turbulent dispersion of bubbles were important for present test conditions; therefore, only the stochastic separated flow analysis provided reasonable agreement with measurements.

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Chen, Guo Ping, Shui Wen Zhu, and Jun Lin Tao. "Shrinkage Stress Analysis of the Restored-Tooth Structure by the Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1792–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1792.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of interphase properties on restored-tooth structure due to polymerization shrinkage of resin-based composite. The stress within the restored tooth structure built up from the polymerization shrinkage of the restorative composite was computed accounting for the time-dependent and viscoelastic behavior of the composite. A sensitivity study was performed to examine the relative influence of geometric and material parameters of an interphase on the shrinkage stress development. It was found that a correlation exists between material and geometry properties at the restoration-tooth interface and higher shrinkage stresses were located at the interphase due to polymerization shrinkage. The varying material and geometry properties of restoration-tooth interface seemed to have a conclusive effect on the interfacial stress system, as well as on the longevity of the restoration.

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Zhang, Shu Qin, Xin Hua Ni, Xie Quan Liu, and Ying Chen Ma. "The Damage Finite Element Analysis of Eutectic Composite Ceramic Containing Lamellae." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 473–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.473.

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According to microstructures in eutectic composite ceramic, the finite element model of composite with eutectic interphase is established. The mechanical stress field of eutectic composite ceramic containing lamellae is simulated. APDL programming in ANSYS is used to analyze the damage process of eutectic composite ceramic. Results show that the failure of eutectic composite ceramic is determined by the damage of matrix. As load is increasing, the damage will elongate along the interphase and extend to the internal of matrix. At last the damage arouses matrix fracture.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interphase analysi'

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