Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interpersonal relations – China'

Guanxi (interpersonal relationship) is an important mechanism through which Chinese people facilitate transactions and cope with institutional constraints under immature legal frameworks. As the transition of China’s economic system and legal framework progresses, the impact of guanxi on Chinese’s life and work has sparked heated debates. This study attempts to specify empirically the significance of guanxi in the context of institutional transition, from an academic career development perspective. The researcher conducted a qualitative exploration in a transitional research university in Beijing. Based on the previous studies, this study emphasizes the influences of three types of guanxi –mentorship (shimenship), leader-subordinate guanxi and colleagueship – on academics’ professional growth, in terms of job status improvement, resource attainment, network enlargement and performance advancement. The strategies academics used to establish and enhance these three types of guanxi were also investigated. Fifty-five academics’ perspectives and experiences were sought through semi-structured interviews. Their guanxi experiences helped the researcher to determine how and why guanxi helped academics to access different resources in the subject transitional research university. Likewise, policy documents, papers and observation notes were employed to portray the institutional constraints currently facing academics. The field data pointedly suggested that the radical overhaul of institutional governance systems at the subject research university was, paradoxically, accompanied by the undiminished presence of the university’s old bureaucracy. This placed huge institutional constraints on academics’ career growth. Between the push of market forces and the pull of the old bureaucracy, academics were found to activate guanxi more enthusiastically and more frequently in an effort to overcome hardships and mobilize desirable academic resources. The participants pointedly singled out mentors, fellow shimen members, and leaders as important resources linkers, helping them successfully access targeted information, resources, opportunities and other social relationships during the institutional transition. In terms of academic appointment, academics frequently used mentorship, shimenship and their connections to leaders to improve their job status. However, the field data suggested that the introduction of market-oriented mechanisms to the academic appointment process, together with enhanced central control over bianzhi distribution, at least to some extent, made these lobbying efforts less effective than expected. Regarding colleagueship, it had comparatively little influence on academics’ funding applications and teaching performance improvement, explaining why interactions between colleagues were often limited to perfunctory exchanges designed to maintain social harmony. Academic collaboration was seen as an effective way of helping academics efficiently sustain and enhance their relationships with mentors, shimen members and leaders. Besides research interests and research competencies, academic collaboration allowed different parties to determine whether they were attuned to each other’s taste of personality traits (e.g., generosity, sincerity, responsibility), which were seen as leading indicators of academics’ moralities and work ethics, thus deepening their existing trust and promoting future collaborations. Although social eating and communication were seen as useful ways of maintaining mentorship and shimenship, there was no consensus among academics with different status on their importance in enhancing leader-subordinate guanxi. Academics also reported accessing targeted powerful leaders through third party recommendations and self-disclosure. In brief, this study is one of the few empirical studies to specify guanxi mechanism’s effect on academics’ career growth during institutional transition, and offers readers a different perspective on the influence of institutional reforms at Chinese HEIs on academics’ career development.
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Education
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

The interaction of the personnel boundary in inter-firm relationship management is viewed as particularistic in China instead of universalistic as in many Western cultures. Specifically, guanxi networks, the Chinese system of inter-personal relationship, have strong strategic implications for business interactions. The practices of guanxi and the social norms associated with guanxi are complicated. On the one hand, guanxi practices can be traced back to Confucianism; on the other hand, guanxi???s significance has been changing in line with China???s economic reform. In this research, we have attempted to find what presently constitutes good guanxi in inter-firm relationship management against this dynamic backdrop. Additionally, from the transaction cost economies (TCE) perspective, we provide an analysis that guanxi-based business practices offer transaction cost advantages as an alternative to market-based practices. We argue that such advantages partially result from guanxi???s effect on the reduction of opportunist behaviors. Backed up by 97 questionnaire responses from firms in Shanghai and 15 semi-structured interviews, our study confirms that, in inter-firm relationships management, trust, affection and long-term orientation are features of close guanxi. To enhance guanxi quality, familiarization by self-disclosure and the presence of mutual benefits are also necessary, providing practical implications for business practitioners in China. Our study also indicates that guanxi business partners are expected to be obligational in business and flexible in contingencies. Opportunistic behaviors can be mitigated by adopting guanxi practices, supporting the TCE logic. In an absence of a rationalized legal system, guanxi may fill the gaps in the enforcement of the written contract.N

La motivation des salariés est une nécessité vitale pour le succès d’une entreprise, notamment dans le contexte de la crise économique mondiale. En comprenant ce qui motive leurs membres, les dirigeants peuvent mobiliser le plein potentiel de chaque personne et diriger plus efficacement leur énergie. Le renouvellement des sources de motivation demande d’analyser au préalable les changements qui affectent actuellement le monde du travail et leurs conséquences. L’objectif de cette thèse vise à aider les personnes qui gèrent les ressources humaines (dans l’entreprise) à comprendre quelles sont et comment créer des conditions propices à la motivation des salariés, comment orienter, susciter et soutenir leur motivation et comment construire des stratégies motivationnelles adaptées. De plus, à cette fin, en favorisant la motivation et en suscitant les salariés, nous essayons de proposer d’établir un climat motivant dans l’entreprise chinoise
The motivation of employees is vital necessity to the success of the enterprise, especially in the context of global economic crisis. By understanding what motivates their members, directors can mobilize and realize the full potential of each person and direct their energies more effectively. The renewal of sources of motivation asks that analyze in advance the changes currently affecting the world of working and their consequences. The objective of this thesis is to help people manage human resources (in the enterprise) to understand what and how to create conditions favor the employee motivation, how to orientate, to improve and to maintain the motivation of its employees and how to construct appropriate motivational strategies in the management. In addition, for this aim, in favorite of promoting the motivation and stimulating the employees, we try to propose to establish a dynamic environment in Chinese enterprises

Lau Ka Hing.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-79).
Abstract in English and Chinese.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.2
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.4
LIST OF TABLES --- p.7
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.8
LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.9
ABSTRACT --- p.10
Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- Research Objectives --- p.12
Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- Guanxi Conceptualization --- p.14
Components and Definition --- p.14
Guanxi´ةs Influence at Operational Level --- p.15
Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- Guanxi Model on Chinese Interpersonal Behaviors --- p.17
Conceptualizing Obligations --- p.17
Obligations as Assumed Affection and Hierarchical --- p.18
Superiority/Inferiority
Assumed affection --- p.18
Hierarchical Superiority/Inferiority --- p.19
Quantifying Obligations into Obligation Demanding Level --- p.20
Formulating Hypotheses about Obligations --- p.21
Two Paths in Chinese Interpersonal Behaviors --- p.22
Guanxi-oriented path --- p.22
Person-oriented path --- p.23
The Role of Instrumentality: A Necessary Foundation for Real Affection --- p.24
Concluding Remarks --- p.25
Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- Overview of the Present Study --- p.26
Objectives Review --- p.26
Scales --- p.26
Tasks --- p.26
Resources: Money and Time --- p.27
Help Directions: Resource Allocation Vs. Request --- p.28
Mutual Perspectives --- p.28
Summary --- p.30
Chapter CHPATER 5: --- Methods --- p.32
Design of Questionnaire --- p.32
"First Part of Questionnaire: Tri-psychological Constructs, Hierarchical" --- p.32
"Superiority/Inferiority, & Obligation Demanding Level Assumed and real affections" --- p.32
Instrumentality --- p.33
Hierarchical superiority/inferiority --- p.33
The obligations demanding level --- p.34
Scale types --- p.34
Second Part of Questionnaire: Scenarios --- p.35
Scenarios --- p.35
Situational Appropriateness --- p.36
Stimuli Selection --- p.37
Pilot Study --- p.37
Procedure --- p.38
Data Validation --- p.39
Participants --- p.40
Chapter CHAPTER 6: --- Results --- p.41
Scale Validation --- p.41
"The Tri-psychological Constructs: Assumed affection, real affection, instrumentality" --- p.41
Items for Situational Appropriateness --- p.42
The Obligation Demanding Level --- p.42
Preliminary Analysis and Correlation --- p.43
Path Analysis --- p.44
Hypothesized Model --- p.44
Model Estimation --- p.45
Model's interpretation --- p.46
Verifying Hypotheses --- p.46
Double negative in the influence of hierarchical superiority/inferiority --- p.48
Obligations could predict request scenarios' responses only in family guanxi --- p.50
Significant relationships between assumed and real affections --- p.51
The modified model --- p.53
Summary --- p.54
Chapter CHAPTER 7: --- Discussion --- p.56
Person-oriented Path --- p.56
Echoing major findings in western studies --- p.56
Foundation of real affection in person-oriented path: Instrumentality --- p.57
Guanxi-oriented Path --- p.58
Indigenous element in Chinese interpersonal mechanism --- p.58
Obligation demanding level: Only in resource allocation but not request --- p.58
Perceiving different help intention when receiving or providing help --- p.58
Afraid of making reciprocation to the help received --- p.59
Avoid losing face by not making request --- p.59
Does hierarchical superiority/inferiority still affect Chinese interpersonal behaviors? --- p.61
The Dynamic Mechanism between Real and Assumed Affections --- p.63
Equilibrium Status between Real and Assumed Affections --- p.63
Interaction Results Caused Distortion to Equilibrium --- p.64
The Solution to the Distortion: Using a New Guanxi --- p.64
Evidence and Summary --- p.65
Concluding Remarks --- p.66
Chapter CHAPTER 8: --- Limitations and Future Directions --- p.68
Limitations --- p.68
Future Directions of Further Studies --- p.70
REFERENCES --- p.72
FOOTNOTES --- p.79
TABLES --- p.80
FIGURES --- p.104
APPENDICES --- p.113

Siu Man-Hong Andrew.
"May 2002."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 298-336).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Liu Shuo.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-126).
Abstracts and questionnaires in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Chinese Pharmaceutical Industry --- p.5
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Distributors
Chapter 1.1.2 --- Suppliers´ؤPharmaceutical Manufacturers
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Retailers
Chapter 1.1.4 --- The Public Bidding for Medicines
Chapter 1.2 --- Methodology --- p.18
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review
Chapter 2.1 --- The Definition of Guanxi --- p.21
Chapter 2.2 --- Guanxi and Social Capital --- p.23
Chapter 2.3 --- Guanxi in Chinese Business Domain --- p.29
Chapter 2.4 --- Guanxi Practice --- p.33
Chapter 2.5 --- Theoretical Framework --- p.36
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Pre-existing Personal Relations
Chapter 3.1 --- Case Selection --- p.42
Chapter 3.2 --- Functions of Pre-existing Ties --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Preparation of Guanxi Establishment一Information Gathering
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Pre-existing Ties and Information Gathering
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Establish Familiarity
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Pre-existing Ties and Familiarity Establishment
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Limitation of Pre-existing Ties' Effect
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Pre-existing Ties and Guanxi Cultivation
Chapter 3.3 --- Summary --- p.70
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Guanxi Cultivation
Chapter 4.1 --- Guanxi Practice and Economic Performance --- p.72
Chapter 4.2 --- Regulations and Prevalence of Guanxi Practice --- p.74
Chapter 4.3 --- Guanxi Cultivation´ؤChoose Proper Guanxi Practice --- p.76
Chapter 4.4 --- The Importance of Renqing --- p.78
Chapter 4.5 --- Socio-economic Environment Change and Guanxi Practice Adjustments --- p.81
Chapter 4.6 --- Summary --- p.83
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Quantitative Analysis
Chapter 5.1 --- Hypotheses --- p.86
Chapter 5.2 --- Conceptualization and Operationalization of Variables --- p.88
Chapter 5.3 --- Methods --- p.91
Chapter 5.4 --- Results --- p.92
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Pharmaceutical Distributors' Organizational Performance
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Pharmaceutical Salespersons' Individual Performance
Chapter 5.5 --- Summary --- p.103
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion and Discussion
Chapter 6.1 --- The Study --- p.104
Chapter 6.2 --- Summary of Findings --- p.105
Chapter 6.3 --- Theoretical Implications --- p.118
Chapter 6.4 --- Practical Implications --- p.110
Chapter 6.5 --- Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research --- p.111
Appendix I Interview Schedule --- p.113
Appendix II Sample of Questionnaire --- p.115
Bibliography --- p.120

This thesis builds on Michael Dutton‘s work on the policing of the political in China. It explores the role of the friend/enemy dialectic in Xinjiang. The analysis centers on the Uyghurs and argues that ethnicity has played a central role in shaping the excision of enemy from the category of friend since the construction of the People‘s Republic of China. This identification of enmity is undergirded by the particular ethnic vicissitudes that have produced both a horizontally inclusive and vertically hierarchical Chinese nation. This ethnic component of Chinese nationalism situates the ethnic Han majority as the core of the nation. Beginning with the peaceful liberation of Xinjiang and its incorporation into the PRC and extending to the ―7.5‖ race riots and hypodermic needle attacks in the summer of 2009 the thesis contends that the categories of ethnicity have been at the heart of the elimination of the enemy in China and can be linked directly to many of the Chinese state‘s colonial practices.
Graduate

Billie Lau Chung.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 237-244).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1. --- The study problem --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Background of the study problem --- p.2
Chapter 2.1. --- Variety in orientation in outreaching social work service --- p.3
Chapter 2.2. --- Unique initial contact and intervention strategies --- p.4
Chapter 2.3. --- Inadequate attention to participants' interpretation --- p.5
Chapter 2.4. --- Conclusion --- p.6
Chapter 3. --- Significance of study --- p.7
Chapter 3.1. --- Exploration --- p.7
Chapter 3.2. --- Stimulate practice --- p.8
Chapter 3.3. --- Implication in service design --- p.8
Chapter Chapter Two --- Literature review --- p.10
Chapter 1. --- Outreaching social work --- p.10
Chapter 1.1. --- "Origin, history and development of outreaching youth work" --- p.10
Chapter 1.2. --- History and development of outreaching social work in Hong Kong --- p.11
Chapter 1.3. --- Purpose and objectives of the service --- p.13
Chapter 1.4. --- The target group of service --- p.15
Chapter 1.5. --- Working approaches --- p.17
Chapter 1.6. --- Conclusion --- p.19
Chapter 2. --- Social work relationship --- p.20
Chapter 2.1. --- Definition and participants of counseling relationship --- p.20
Chapter 2.2. --- Role of relationship in counseling process --- p.21
Chapter 2.3. --- Therapeutic relationship in different approaches --- p.22
Chapter 2.4. --- Conclusion --- p.24
Chapter 3. --- Qualitative research methodology --- p.25
Chapter 3.1. --- Philosophical assumptions --- p.25
Chapter 3.2. --- Types of qualitative research methods --- p.28
Chapter 3.3. --- Narrative analysis --- p.29
Chapter 4. --- Conclusion --- p.32
Chapter Chapter Three --- Research design --- p.34
Chapter 1. --- Research questions --- p.34
Chapter 2. --- Choice of research design and method --- p.35
Chapter 3. --- Sampling --- p.36
Chapter 3.1. --- Selecting criteria --- p.36
Chapter 3.2. --- Source of sample --- p.37
Chapter 4. --- Data collection --- p.38
Chapter 4.1. --- Semi-structure interview --- p.38
Chapter 4.2. --- "Time, duration and process of interviews" --- p.39
Chapter 5. --- Data processing --- p.41
Chapter 5.1. --- Interview records --- p.41
Chapter 5.2. --- Transcribing the interviews' content --- p.41
Chapter 6. --- Data analysis --- p.42
Chapter 7. --- Issue of validation --- p.44
Chapter 8. --- Results of analysis and report writing --- p.46
Chapter 9. --- Limitation of research --- p.47
Chapter 9.1. --- Limited number of respondents --- p.47
Chapter 9.2. --- Reactivity of respondents --- p.47
Chapter 9.3. --- Transcribing Chinese to English --- p.48
Chapter 9.4. --- Readiness and ability of respondents --- p.49
Chapter 9.5. --- Time span of the whole research --- p.49
Chapter 9.6. --- Large amount of data --- p.49
Chapter 9.7. --- Limited local reference for research in the area --- p.50
Chapter 9.8. --- Researcher's experience as an outreaching social worker --- p.50
Chapter Chapter Four --- Background information of respondents and relationships --- p.52
Chapter 1. --- Personal particulars of respondents --- p.52
Chapter 1.1. --- Workers --- p.53
Chapter 1.1.1. --- Personal particulars --- p.53
Chapter 1.1.2. --- Reasons of joining outreaching social service --- p.55
Chapter 1.2. --- Clients --- p.61
Chapter 1.2.1. --- Personal particulars --- p.61
Chapter 1.2.2. --- Family background --- p.63
Chapter 2. --- Duration of cases --- p.67
Chapter 3. --- Workers' work settings and context --- p.68
Chapter 4. --- Conclusion --- p.75
Chapter Chapter Five --- Research findings --- p.78
Chapter 1. --- Purposes of the relationships --- p.79
Chapter 1.1. --- Intervention focus --- p.80
Chapter 1.1.1. --- Workers ´ة interpretations --- p.81
Chapter 1.1.2. --- Clients' interpretations --- p.85
Chapter 1.2. --- Purposes other than direct intervention --- p.88
Chapter 2. --- Orientation to the relationships --- p.89
Chapter 2.1. --- Initial contacts --- p.90
Chapter 2.1.1. --- Casual contacts --- p.90
Chapter 2.1.2. --- Referrals --- p.92
Chapter 2.2. --- Impression of initial contacts --- p.94
Chapter 2.3. --- Effects of initial contacts --- p.97
Chapter 2.3.1. --- Knowing the other party --- p.97
Chapter 2.3.2. --- Orientation to service --- p.98
Chapter 2.3.3. --- Awareness and expectations of what can be provided --- p.100
Chapter 2.4. --- Conclusions --- p.103
Chapter 3. --- Progress of relationships --- p.105
Chapter 3.1. --- Relationships before case intake --- p.105
Chapter 3.2. --- “Ignition´ح of helping process --- p.107
Chapter 3.3. --- Positive turning points in relationships --- p.110
Chapter 3.4. --- Tension points in relationships --- p.115
Chapter 3.5. --- Terminations of casework relationships --- p.120
Chapter 3.6. --- Relationships after case terminations --- p.126
Chapter 4. --- Significant outcomes as interpreted from worker-client relationship --- p.132
Chapter 4.1. --- Crisis managed --- p.133
Chapter 4.1.1. --- Crisis of clients --- p.133
Chapter 4.1.2. --- Crisis of workers --- p.135
Chapter 4.2. --- Growth of relationships --- p.138
Chapter 4.2.1. --- Got a significant other --- p.138
Chapter 4.2.2. --- Recognizing roles of each others in relationships --- p.143
Chapter 4.2.3. --- Mutual feedback --- p.146
Chapter 4.3. --- Growth of selves --- p.150
Chapter 4.3.1. --- Gain in life experience --- p.150
Chapter 4.3.2. --- Assurance of self-ability and worth --- p.153
Chapter 4.3.3. --- Facing one's life in the past --- p.157
Chapter 4.3.4. --- Development of future life --- p.158
Chapter 4.3.5. --- Reminders for life --- p.160
Chapter 4.3.6. --- Confirmation and modification of life philosophy --- p.162
Chapter 4.3.7. --- Facing ambivalence in life --- p.165
Chapter 4.3.8. --- Gain in professional development --- p.166
Chapter 4.4. --- Having fun --- p.171
Chapter 4.5. --- Unresolved issues --- p.174
Chapter 4.5.1. --- Deterioration of situation of clients --- p.174
Chapter 4.5.2. --- Discontent about counterparts' performance --- p.176
Chapter 4.5.3. --- Discontent about self performance --- p.178
Chapter 5. --- Conclusions on relationships --- p.181
Chapter 5.1. --- Seasoned master and apprentice --- p.183
Chapter 5.2. --- Pseudo blood relationship --- p.189
Chapter 5.3. --- Service provider and user --- p.195
Chapter 5.4. --- God-sent relationship --- p.200
Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.204
Chapter Chapter Six --- Discussion and recommendations --- p.209
Chapter 1. --- Discussions --- p.209
Chapter 1.1. --- Discussions on findings --- p.209
Chapter 1.2. --- Discussions on narrative analysis as research methodology --- p.227
Chapter 2. --- Recommendations --- p.230
Chapter 2.1. --- Recommendations on service --- p.230
Chapter 2.1.1. --- Reconsideration of status of outreaching social work in service for young people --- p.230
Chapter 2.1.2. --- Reconsideration of the related policy in existing Outreaching social work practice --- p.231
Chapter 2.1.3. --- Enhance the awareness and sensitivity of social workers on the gender difference and power difference in intervention --- p.233
Chapter 2.1.4. --- Enhance the training on cultivation of personal quality of social workers --- p.233
Chapter 2.2. --- Recommendations on research --- p.234
Chapter 2.2.1. --- Utilization of narrative analysis in social work research --- p.234
Chapter 2.2.2. --- Continuation of the research on clients' interpretations --- p.234
Chapter 2.2.3. --- Continuation of research on gender and power difference in social work intervention --- p.235
Chapter 2.2.4. --- Continuation of research on the impact of Chinese culture on local social work intervention --- p.236
Bibliography --- p.237
Appendix --- p.245
Chapter 1. --- Consent to Participate in Research (for clients) (in Chinese) --- p.245
Chapter 2. --- Consent to Participate in Research (for workers) --- p.246
Chapter 3. --- Interview schedule --- p.247
Chapter 4. --- Interview schedule (in Chinese) --- p.249
Chapter 5. --- Preliminary Data Collection Sheet (for clients) (in Chinese) --- p.251
Chapter 6. --- Preliminary Data Collection Sheet (for workers) --- p.252
Tables
Chapter 1. --- Formal social work training of worker respondents --- p.53
Chapter 2. --- Personal particulars of client respondents --- p.61
Chapter 3. --- Family background of client respondents --- p.64
Chapter 4. --- The intervention period of cases --- p.67
Chapter 5. --- Workers' work settings --- p.68

Or, Pui Ying Cookie.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-165).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Acknowledgments --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.2
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review 一 Between Context of Consumption and Consumer Behavior --- p.11
Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.37
Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Site of Karaoke Consumption --- p.48
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Group Dynamics in a Karaoke Box --- p.78
Chapter Chapter 6 --- Karaoke as Communication --- p.108
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.147
Bibliography --- p.160

本研究旨在探讨与青少年自我概念有关的三方面问题。首先是关于青少年自我概念的来源。在符号互动理论和依恋理论的指导下，已有研究揭示了他人的评价以及个体与他人的关系质量对自我概念的影响。但这些研究通常只关注父母、老师或者同伴之一对被试的评价或者与被试的关系质量对被试自我概念的影响。这使得父母、老师和同伴在自我概念形成过程中的相对重要性，以及他人评价与关系质量之间可能存在的交互作用没有得到充分的研究。因此，本研究调查了父母、老师和朋友对青少年的评价及与青少年的关系对青少年多维度自我概念 （学业、社会、体育、外貌、行为）的影响。具体来说，我比较了父母、老师和朋友在各维度的自我概念形成过程中的相对重要性，并探索了他人评价与关系质量之间可能存在的交互作用。其二，鉴于以往研究显示了多维度自我概念与总体自我价值感之间的紧密联系，以及这种联系可能存在的文化差异，我在一个尚未得到充分研究的群体，即，中国农村青少年，中探索了它们之间的关系。其三，鉴于以往研究对留守儿童自我概念发展的争论，我探索了留守儿童和与父母生活在一起的儿童在自我概念平均水平上及他人对自我概念的影响作用上可能存在的差异。
本研究调查了中国四川农村地区的799个7到12年级的中学生（其中包括175个留守儿童）。主要的研究结果如下：（1）在不同的理论视角下，父母、老师和朋友在自我概念的不同维度上所起作用不同。从符号互动理论来看，朋友的评价对各个维度的自我概念几乎都有着最重要的影响。从依恋理论来看，朋友关系质量对社会自我的影响最大，但对学业自我和体育自我没有特别的影响。师生关系质量对学业自我和体育自我的影响最大。他人评价与关系质量之间的交互作用具体有：与老师的关系越好，自己对外貌的评价便与老师的评价越相近；与朋友的关系越好，自己对行为的评价便与朋友的评价越接近。（2）对本研究中的中国农村青少年而言，在外貌和行为方面的自我概念与总体自我价值感之间的关系最紧密。（3）留守儿童与和父母生活在一起的儿童在自我概念的形成方面基本相似。不同之处在于：留守女孩与父母关系更差；留守儿童对自己外貌的评价与老师的评价联系更紧密，而与父母的评价联系更小。
本研究对于帮助我们更好的理解青少年自我概念的形成有一定的贡献。首先，它揭示了父母、老师和朋友在自我概念不同维度的形成过程中的相对重要性， 并且揭示了他人评价与关系质量之间可能存在的交互作用。其次，它揭示了在中国农村青少年中多维度自我概念与总体价值感之间的关系。再次，它在一定程度上澄清了前人关于留守儿童自我概念发展的争论。此外，它展示了同时从不同理论视角，研究多种社会情境对儿童发展的影响的优势。最后，它为提升自我价值感的项目和留守儿童相关政策的制定提供了理论依据和建议。
This study aims to explore three aspects of adolescents’ self-concept development. The first and primary aspect concerns the potential influential factors of self-concept. Previous research built on symbolic interactionism or attachment theory suggests the effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality on self-concept respectively. However, usually either reflected appraisal or relationship quality alone was examined in single context (e.g., parent), thus, leaving their potential interactive effect and the relative importance of different contexts underexplored. This study, therefore, mainly focused on the concurrent relationship between reflected appraisal, relationship quality and the multi-domain self-concept (i.e., academic, social, athletic, appearance and behavioral) in multiple contexts (i.e., parents, teachers and peers). Specifically, relative importance of different contexts and the interactive effects of reflected appraisal and relationship quality in different domains were investigated. The second aspect considered the relationship between domain-specific self-concept and self-esteem. Previous studies suggested the effect of domain-specific self-concept, but the relative importance of different domains may vary across cultures. Thus, this study explored their relative importance in an underexplored culture, rural China. The third aspect concerned potential effect of left-behind status (left-behind children vs. children living with parents) on self-concept development. Since limited existing works provided inconsistent findings, I, specifically, tested the potential effects on mean-level self-concept and related factors (i.e., reflected appraisal and relationship quality) as well as their relationship.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas of Si Chuan, China. Participants are 799 adolescents ranging from grade 7 to 12 (175 left-behind children). Major findings of this study were as follows: (1) The relative importance of parents, friends and teachers differed across domains of self-concept and theoretical perspectives. From the interactionism perspective, parents’, friends’ and teachers’ appraisals all could explain unique variance of self-concept in most domains but friends’ appraisals tended to be most important in all domains. From the attachment perspective, relationship quality with friends was most important in social domain but could not explain unique variance of self-concept in academic and athletic domain, where teachers are most influential. Significant interactive effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality was found in peers’ context (in behavioral conduct) and teachers’ context (in physical appearance) but not in parents’ context. (2) Physical appearance and behavioral conduct domain were most predictive of self-esteem. (3) Left-behind children were similar to children living with parents except that left-behind girls had lower relationship quality with parents and left-behind children’s self-evaluation of physical appearance was more associated with parents’ appraisals than teachers’ appraisals.
Theoretically, this study contributes to our understanding of adolescents’ self-concept development by demonstrating (1) the relative importance of parents, friends and teachers in different domains of self-concept and the interactive effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality; (2) relationship between domain-specific self-concept and self-esteem in a underexplored population, rural China; (3) left-behind status variation on self-concept development. It also underscores the merit of multi-context study and taking different theoretical perspectives. Practically, it provides evidence and advice for self-esteem enhancement programs and policies regarding left-behind children.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Hou, Yang.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-101).
Abstracts and appendixes also in Chinese.
Abstract (English) --- p.i
Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii
Acknowledgement --- p.v
Table of Contents --- p.vi
List of Tables --- p.viii
List of Figures --- p.x
Chapter Chapter 1 --- : introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Self-concept --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.1 --- Definition and measurement of self-concept --- p.4
Chapter 1.1.2 --- The value of self-concept in child development --- p.5
Chapter 1.1.3 --- Self-concept in adolescence --- p.6
Chapter 1.2 --- Potential influential factors of self-concept --- p.7
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Symbolic interactionism perspective --- p.8
Chapter 1.2.2 --- Attachment theory perspective --- p.14
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Potential interactive effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality --- p.18
Chapter 1.3 --- Relationship between domain-specific self-concept and global self-worth --- p.20
Chapter 1.4 --- Left-behind children --- p.24
Chapter 1.4.1 --- Self-concept of Left-behind children --- p.25
Chapter 1.4.2 --- Social relationships of left-behind children --- p.26
Chapter 1.4.3 --- Reflected appraisals of left-behind children --- p.29
Chapter 1.5 --- The current study --- p.30
Chapter Chapter 2 --- : method --- p.33
Chapter 2.1 --- Participants --- p.33
Chapter 2.2 --- Procedure --- p.35
Chapter 2.3 --- Measurements --- p.35
Chapter Chapter 3 --- : Results --- p.40
Chapter 3.1 --- Descriptive statistics --- p.40
Chapter 3.2 --- The relationship between reflected appraisals, relationship qualities and self-appraisals in five specific self-concept domains --- p.43
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Academic competence domain --- p.44
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Social competence domain --- p.46
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Athletic competence domain --- p.48
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Physical appearance domain --- p.51
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Behavioural conduct domain --- p.54
Chapter 3.2 --- Relationship between domain-specific self-concept and global self-concept --- p.55
Chapter 3.3 --- Potential effect of left-behind status on children’s self-concept development --- p.57
Chapter Chapter 4 --- : discussion --- p.61
Chapter 4.1 --- Potential influential factors of self-concept --- p.61
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Age and sex variation on the effect of others’ appraisals and relationship qualities with others on adolescents’ self-concept --- p.61
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Relative importance of parents’, peers’ and teachers’ effect --- p.63
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Interactive effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality --- p.71
Chapter 4.2 --- Relationship between domain-specific self-concept and global self-worth --- p.72
Chapter 4.3 --- Self-concept development of left-behind children --- p.75
Chapter 4.3.1 --- Mean level difference in self-concept, reflected appraisal and relationship quality --- p.75
Chapter 4.3.2 --- Influence of parents, friends and teachers on left-behind children’s self-concept --- p.78
Chapter 4.4 --- Limitation and future direction --- p.79
Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.81
Chapter References --- p.83
Chapter Appendix A --- : Self-Perception Profile for Children --- p.102
Chapter Appendix B --- : Reflected appraisal scales --- p.104
Chapter Appendix C --- : Relationship quality scales --- p.105

李林艷.
論文(哲學博士)--香港中文大學, 2006.
參考文獻(p. 251-269).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Lun wen (zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006.
Can kao wen xian (p. 251-269).
Li Linyan.

郭伯良.
论文(哲学{273464}士)--香港中文大学, 2004.
参考文献 (p. 155-181).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts also in English.
Guo Boliang.
Lun wen (Zhe xue bo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004.
Can kao wen xian (p. 155-181).

Zhao, Yan.
500 Thesis submitted in: December 1999.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-89).
Abstracts in English and Chinese, questionnaire in English and Chinese.
ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) --- p.i
ABSTRACT (CHINESE) --- p.ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv
LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii
Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study --- p.1
Objective of the Study --- p.2
Significance of the Study --- p.4
Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- LITERATURE REVIEW
Expatriate's Adaptation --- p.7
Impression Management --- p.11
Performance Evaluation in Leader-Member Exchange --- p.13
Cognitive Information Processing --- p.17
Summary --- p.21
Chapter CHAPTER3. --- MODEL DEVELOPMENT
Research Context --- p.22
Hypotheses --- p.24
Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Overview --- p.29
Sample --- p.30
Questionnaire --- p.32
Measurements --- p.34
Control Variables --- p.37
Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- RESULTS
Statistical Method --- p.39
Hypotheses Testing --- p.40
Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Discussion of Findings --- p.45
Additional Considerations --- p.51
Theoretical Contributions --- p.53
Practical Implications --- p.55
Limitations and Future Research Directions --- p.57
Conclusion --- p.60
TABLES --- p.61
FIGURES --- p.72
APPENDICES --- p.74
REFENCES --- p.81

Chan Ching.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-54).
Abstract in English and Chinese.
List of Tables --- p.v
Chapter CHAPTER 1: --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Two dimensions and four-group model of adult attachment --- p.2
Attachment to father and gender differences --- p.5
Attachment and psychological adjustments and relationship outcomes --- p.8
Relationship outcomes --- p.9
Psychological well-being --- p.10
Chapter CHAPTER 2: --- METHOD --- p.13
Participants --- p.13
Measures --- p.13
Attachment --- p.14
Relationship quality measurements --- p.15
Psychological well-being --- p.16
Chapter CHAPTER 3: --- RESULTS --- p.18
Prediction of Adult Romantic Attachment --- p.18
Prediction of Anxiety Dimension --- p.20
Prediction of Avoidance Dimension --- p.25
Using Attachment Dimensions to Predict Outcomes --- p.30
Conflict --- p.32
Commitment --- p.32
Relationship Satisfaction --- p.32
Depression --- p.33
Life Satisfaction --- p.33
Chapter CHAPTER 4: --- DISCUSSION --- p.37
Parental attachment as predictors for adult romantic attachment --- p.37
Relationships of Attachment Dimensions and Outcomes --- p.41
Future Studies --- p.46
References --- p.48
Appendix --- p.55

林曉燕.
論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 1998.
參考文獻: leaves 89-96.
中英文摘要.
Lin Xiaoyan.
Chapter 第一章 --- 硏究的問題 --- p.1
Chapter (一) --- “關係´ح的歷史 --- p.3
Chapter (二) --- “關係´ح的模式：主要形式“關係´ح 和伸展形式“關係´ح --- p.5
Chapter (三) --- “關係´ح和國家的關係 --- p.7
Chapter (四) --- “關係´ح文化和儒家思想 --- p.9
硏究的意義 --- p.11
硏究方法 --- p.14
Chapter 第二章 --- “關係´ح的連續性：四九年以後的發展 --- p.19
Chapter 第一： --- 「同志情結」 --- p.20
Chapter 第二 ： --- 「政治“關係´ح」 --- p.23
Chapter 第三： --- 「經濟“關係´ح」 --- p.27
總結：“關係´ح是連續體 --- p.31
Chapter 第三章 --- “關係´ح資本的獲取 --- p.34
香港工業的北移 --- p.34
珠江三角洲受僱的經驗 --- p.35
志輝電器廠資金(資本)的來源
Chapter (一) --- 向出口公司貸款：國家政策和個人信譽的結合 --- p.37
退稅政策 --- p.39
額度 --- p.42
Chapter (二) --- 新會鎭政府的支持 --- p.44
Chapter (三) --- 朋友之情 --- p.47
人情債 --- p.48
不收“回佣´ح --- p.49
先取貨，後附錢 --- p.50
總結:
Chapter (一) --- 城市的“關係´ح結合了主要形式“關係´ح 和伸展形式“關係´ح --- p.51
Chapter (二) --- “關係´ح和國家政策的結合 --- p.53
Chapter (三) --- 實踐的經濟：“關係´ح資本？ --- p.53
Chapter 第四章 --- 世間遊戲
Chapter (一) --- 官商之間：銅鈑(錢幣)原理 --- p.58
支持地方慈善活動 --- p.59
志輝廠的經濟實力(經濟資本） --- p.60
“關係´ح？法律？ --- p.61
Chapter (二) --- 生意的遊戲規則 --- p.64
個案一：公私混合 --- p.66
個案二 ：以牙還牙 --- p.68
個案三：一點義氣 --- p.69
個案四：“關係´ح的破烈 --- p.71
經濟活動：主要形式“關係´ح和 伸展形式“關係´ح的結合 --- p.72
Chapter (三) --- 工廠管理：ISO 9002的啓示 --- p.74
工廠管理：「家庭式」和 「制度化」的結合 --- p.75
總結:徘徊 --- p.77
Chapter 第五章 --- 總結：“關係´ح文化
Chapter (一) --- “關係´ح是歷史的連續體 --- p.79
Chapter (二) --- 城市的“關係´ح：主要形式“關係´ح和 伸展形式“關係´ح的結合 --- p.81
Chapter (三) --- “關係´ح和國家結構的共生 --- p.84
Chapter (四) --- “關係´ح文化不是儒家思想的產物 --- p.86
中文參考書 --- p.89
English Bibliography --- p.91

旺角花園街是一處我住了很久的地方，兒時的花園街對我來說不單純是賣買活動空間，而是一處提供了自我伸延與探索的空間。過去不少街道研究學者指出，街道是人與人相互溝通的平台，可孕育出一個有機多元的社區生態，並維持和體現人際之間緊密接觸的溝通地方。
今天花園街是一條包含了233個排檔和139地舖的街道，排檔小販之間和與街坊的關係長久建立著緊密的社區人際關係網。本文以花園街作為案例研究，並以實證研究出發，透過街道觀察和訪問來探索社區人際網絡背後的條件和元素，與及它們之間的關係與影響。從研究所得，本文認為花園街的社區人際關係網得以建構，並非止於浪漫化了的人情味指涉，而背後當中有著多層互相交錯、補足和制衡的複雜元素，當中的元素包含著街道空間挪用、街頭經濟活動、個人歷史背景、鄰里間情誼、小販政策和媒體等等各種元素，這些錯綜複雜的元素透過每天日復日彼此交織、協商和積累並建構著今天花園街的社區人際親密關係網。
Fa Yuen Street is an opened and public market located on the edge of Mong Kok District where I have lived for many years. To me, the street was not simply a place where people did the activity of buying and selling daily, but it was also a place where I was provided with the opportunity for my self-discovery and development in my childhood. Many scholars argued that a street is a platform that allows a lot of communication to take place, which in return help people fostering a local community of diversity and building an intimate relationship among each other.
Today, Fa Yuen Street has gradually been turning into a packed location which accommodates about 233 hawker stalls and 139 street-level shops. Many inter-connected factors and interactions between the different stakeholders (such as hawkers, habitants, shop owners, etc.) all together contribute to creation of a tightly knit community and close relationships for years. Such factors include the daily interactions between all Fa Yuen Street hawkers themselves, between hawkers and their neighborhood in the area, or even shoppers from other districts, etc. The research paper uses Fa Yuen Street as a case study and adopts a qualitative research approach, which mainly uses ethnographic research methods such as field visits, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews with stakeholders during the past two years. It aims to explore a range of inter-related perspectives or elements of the street and how they construct a strong sense of neighbourhood, and the tightly networked social bonds in a distinctly local context. For instance, it is important to look into the general conditions or scenes for setting up such social bonds, the unique factors contributing to it, their influence on one another, etc. The findings indicate that a good community network or relationship is not simply rooted in glorifying the factor of human interest or human warmth in the experience, but it is rather formed based on multi-aspects and complex factors. For instance, these crucial elements include spatial appropriation, business competition among stakeholders, historical background of the street, personal experiences and friendships among the neighbourhood, hawker policies and enforcement of law, media interference, and the influence of other street dependents, etc. These intricated elements are inter-related and inter-contextualized, which intertwined with people’s everyday lives, resulting in the successful construction of a unique and strong social community on Fa Yuen Street today.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
郭斯恆.
Parallel title from English abstract.
Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 226-237).
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Guo Siheng.