Journal articles: 'Interpersonal offences'

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Bakker, Leon, Tony Ward, Marilyn Cryer, and Stephen M. Hudson. "Out of the Rut: A Cognitive Behavioural Treatment Program for Driving-while-disqualified Offenders." Behaviour Change 14, no. 1 (March 1997): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003715.

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Driving while disqualified represents a serious and recurrent social problem, with approximately 40% of convicted individuals reoffending. The high relapse (or recidivism) rates in this group are thought to be associated with compulsivity or addictive processes. In this paper we describe a cognitive-behavioural treatment program (relapse prevention) for offenders convicted of driving while disqualified. This program represents a significant innovation in the rehabilitation of persistent driving offenders, as in the past most intervention programs have focused on driver education and/or alcohol treatment. A major assumption of the relapse-prevention approach is that for many men their driving offences represent a maladaptive response to stressful events such as interpersonal conflict. Therefore, the primary treatment approach revolves around teaching individuals more effective ways to solve their interpersonal problems and to regulate negative affective states.

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Alastuey Dobón, Carmen. "La invitación interpersonal a delinquir como acto preparatorio punible." Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología, no. 21 (April 22, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdpc.21.2019.27311.

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Este trabajo versa sobre la punibilidad de las invitaciones privadas a delinquir como actos preparatorios. Desde hace tiempo se discute acerca de las características que han de reunir dichas invitaciones para considerarlas punibles a través de la conspiración o de la proposición para delinquir (art. 17 CP, apartados 1 y 2, respectivamente). Esta polémica se ha reavivado con el cambio en el concepto legal de proposición en el año 2015. La propuesta de interpretación del mencionado precepto que aquí se formula gira en torno a dos ideas clave. En primer lugar, la necesidad de distinguir entre las invitaciones aceptadas (pactos cerrados para delinquir) y las no aceptadas (pactos intentados). Las primeras son más peligrosas que las segundas y requieren el castigo de todos los miembros del pacto, por lo que han de ser sancionadas a través de la conspiración. Las segundas, punibles mediante la proposición, deben cumplir requisitos más estrictos y castigarse con una pena inferior. En segundo lugar, la exigencia, en todo caso, de que el pacto lo sea para la ejecución de un delito. Ello implica la impunidad de acuerdos cerrados o intentados en los que no se prevea la ejecución del hecho delictivo por parte de al menos uno de sus miembros. This paper focuses on the punishability of private invitations to commit offences as preparatory acts. For some time now, it has been discussed about the characteristics of these invitations in terms of their punishability, both as conspiracy and as a proposition to commit an offence (article 17 CP, sections 1 and 2, respectively). The change in the legal concept of proposition, in 2015, has revived this particular controversy. Thereby, the proposed interpretation of the aforementioned precept is formulated around two key ideas. First, the need to distinguish between accepted invitations (closed agreements to commit offences) and those that are not accepted (attempted agreements). The former are more dangerous than the latter and imply to punish the whole group; therefore they must be sanctioned as conspiracy. Second, punishable as a proposition to commit an offence, must meet stricter requirements and be punished with a lower penalty. In the last place, it should be highlighted the requirement that the agreement is made in any case for the commission of a crime. This implies the impunity of closed or attempted agreements in which the execution of the criminal act by at least one of its members is not foreseen.

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Hauffe, Sarah, and Louise Porter. "An interpersonal comparison of lone and group rape offences." Psychology, Crime & Law 15, no. 5 (June 2009): 469–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10683160802409339.

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Woods, Laura, and Louise Porter. "Examining the relationship between sexual offenders and their victims: Interpersonal differences between stranger and non-stranger sexual offences." Journal of Sexual Aggression 14, no. 1 (March 2008): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13552600802056640.

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Dvoryanchikov, N. V., and D. Yu Shipitsyn. "Specifics of Sexual Self-Concept and Interpersonal Perception in Convicted Non-Imprisoned Sexual Offenders." Psychology and Law 11, no. 1 (2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2021110102.

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The article considers the specifics of the sexual self-concept and interpersonal perception in individuals convicted of sexual crimes and serving their sentences without legally imposed loss of freedom. The study was aimed at revealing the structure of intact and damaged elements of the sexual self-concept in this category of persons and the correspondence between this self-concept and the properties found in appetence disorders. The sample consisted of 60 persons: 30 of them were registered (at the time of the study) with Penal Enforcement Inspectorates of the Federal Penal Correction Service for committing sexual offences (without loss of freedom) and had no revealed mental pathology, whereas the other 30 persons had neither criminal records nor any revealed mental disorders. The techniques used were "Masculinity and Femininity", "Age Identity", "The Color Relationship Test", "Encoding". The research work had an increased emphasis on the qualitative analysis of associative images. From the results of an empirical study it was shown that the make-up of the sexual self-identity in a large proportion of the convict subjects has the nature of anomalous necessity, which poses the risk of repeated offences. The results of the study suggest the necessity to make recommendations for the judiciary about referral of this category of persons for a forensic examination of their mental condition. The psychologists of penal enforcement inspectorates were recommended to implement the techniques of diagnosing one's sexual self-concept as part of their day-to-day work on differentiating convicts by the risk they pose.

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Schultz, Jessica M., Elizabeth Altmaier, Saba Ali, and Benjamin Tallman. "A study of posttraumatic spiritual transformation and forgiveness among victims of significant interpersonal offences." Mental Health, Religion & Culture 17, no. 2 (January 7, 2013): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2012.755616.

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Watson, Rachael, Stuart Thomas, and Michael Daffern. "The Impact of Interpersonal Style on Ruptures and Repairs in the Therapeutic Alliance Between Offenders and Therapists in Sex Offender Treatment." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 7 (November 27, 2015): 709–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215617514.

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The therapeutic relationship is a critical component of psychological treatment. Strain can occur in the relationship, particularly when working with offenders, and more specifically, those offenders with interpersonal difficulties; strain can lead to a rupture, which may affect treatment participation and performance. This study examined ruptures in the therapeutic relationship in sexual offenders participating in offense-focused group treatment. Fifty-four sex offenders rated the therapeutic alliance at the commencement and completion of treatment; at the completion of treatment, they also reported on the occurrence of ruptures and whether they believed these ruptures were repaired. Ruptures were separated by type, according to severity—Each relationship was therefore characterized as experiencing no rupture, a minor rupture, or a major rupture. Offender characteristics including interpersonal style (IPS) and psychopathy were assessed at the commencement of treatment; their relationship with ruptures was examined. Results revealed that more than half of the offenders (approximately 55%) experienced a rupture in the therapeutic alliance, with one in four of these ruptures remaining unresolved. Offenders who did not report a rupture rated the therapeutic alliance significantly higher at the end of treatment compared with those offenders who reported a rupture that was not repaired. Offenders who reported a major rupture in the therapeutic relationship were higher in interpersonal hostility and hostile-dominance. No interpersonal or offense-specific factors affected the likelihood of a rupture repair.

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Bensimon, Moshe, and Ehud Bodner. "Does the Age of Offenders and Victims in Crime Scenarios Affect Perceptions of Crime Seriousness and Punitiveness Among Students?" Violence and Victims 27, no. 3 (2012): 344–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.27.3.344.

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The extent to which the age of the offender or the victim influences respondents’ respective evaluations of crime seriousness and punitiveness has rarely been studied. This study hypothesizes that evaluations of the severity of offenses with intrapersonal and interpersonal social implications and the estimation of their punitiveness will be more serious when the offenses are performed by younger than by older offenders and less serious when they harm younger as opposed to older victims. Results from 129 undergraduate students who were administered the Multidimensional Social Transgressions Scale (MSTS) confirm the hypotheses. The findings are discussed in light of crime theories, social theories, and ageism studies.

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Watson, Rachael, Michael Daffern, and Stuart Thomas. "The Impact of Interpersonal Style and Interpersonal Complementarity on the Therapeutic Alliance Between Therapists and Offenders in Sex Offender Treatment." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 2 (August 2, 2016): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215580969.

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Therapist and treatment process variables affect the effectiveness of offender rehabilitation programs. This study examined the influence of therapists’ and offenders’ interpersonal styles (IPSs) and interpersonal complementarity on therapeutic alliance (TA). Seventy-five sex offenders and their therapists evaluated each other’s IPSs and the TA after 3 weeks of treatment. Offenders evaluated the TA more positively than therapists. Regarding the impact of IPS, therapist affiliation was positively correlated and therapist control was negatively correlated with offenders’ ratings of the TA; in other words, offenders evaluated the TA more strongly when therapists were perceived as affiliative, and weaker when therapists were viewed as controlling. Offender affiliation was positively correlated with therapists’ ratings of TA; in other words, therapists evaluated the TA more strongly when offenders were viewed as more affiliative; perceptions of offender control were unrelated to offenders’ ratings of TA. Complementarity in IPS between offenders and therapists did not affect TA.

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Craven, Rachel, and Matthew Tonkin. "Negative relating styles of learning-disabled and non-learning-disabled offenders." Journal of Forensic Practice 19, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfp-07-2016-0030.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare learning-disabled (LD) and non-LD offenders in terms of their relating styles and to examine the relationship between relating styles and offence types. Design/methodology/approach Two groups of male offenders completed the Person’s Relating to Others Questionnaire – Version 3 (PROQ3) and were compared using an independent groups design. An adapted version of the PROQ3 was given to the first group, which consisted of 18 LD offenders detained within a mental health hospital. The second group consisted of 30 offenders detained within a Category B prison in the UK. Offenders were assigned to one of four offence categories (violence, homicide, sexual and robbery) and compared in terms of their PROQ3 scores. Findings The findings suggest that the sample of LD offenders had increased relating deficits compared to the non-LD offenders. The LD offenders achieved higher scores on four of the eight PROQ3 subscales; Upper Neutral (UN), Upper Close (UC), Neutral Close (NC), Lower Distant, and the total score. Significant differences were found on the UN, NC, Neutral Distant (ND), Upper Distant (UD) subscales and the total score for the robbery offenders compared to the other offence categories. Violent offenders achieved higher scores on the UC and Lower Distant subscales. Practical implications The need for research to focus on evaluating the treatment needs of lower functioning offenders in order to aid the development of LD-specific interventions. The need to evaluate the appropriateness of adapting mainstream offence focussed programmes for the LD population, given that there are potentially different treatment needs between these two distinct groups. Originality/value The results indicate that cognitive functioning is associated with higher levels of interpersonal deficit, suggesting increased treatment needs for the LD offender population. The study also highlighted that different treatment needs exist between the LD and non-LD offenders.

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Fombonne, Eric, Gail Wostear, Vanessa Cooper, Richard Harrington, and Michael Rutter. "The Maudsley long-term follow-up of child and adolescent depression." British Journal of Psychiatry 179, no. 3 (September 2001): 218–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.179.3.218.

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BackgroundStrong links exist between juvenile and adult depression, but comorbid conduct disorder may be associated with worse adult social difficulties.AimsTo test the impact of comorbid conduct disorder on social adjustment and dysfunction, suicidality and criminality of adults who had had depression as youths.MethodSubjects (n=149) assessed at the Maudsley Hospital in 1970–1983 and meeting DSM–IV criteria for major depressive disorder with (CD–MDD; n=53) or without (MDD; n=96) conduct disorder were interviewed 20 years later. Data were collected on lifetime psychiatric disorders and adult social/personality functioning. Death certificates and criminal records were obtained.ResultsThe suicide risk was 2.45%, and 44.3% of the sample had attempted suicide once in their lives. Compared with the MDD group, the CD–MDD group had higher rates of suicidal behaviours and criminal offences, and exhibited more pervasive social dysfunction.ConclusionsAdolescent depression is associated with raised risks of adult suicidality and with persistent interpersonal difficulties. Youths with CD–MDD show more severe and pervasive social dysfunction.

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Valliant, Paul M., Derek Pottier, Tanya Gauthier, and Robert Kosmyna. "Moral Reasoning, Interpersonal Skills, and Cognition of Rapists, Child Molesters, and Incest Offenders." Psychological Reports 86, no. 1 (February 2000): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.1.67.

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54 inmates were subdivided into four groups and classified according to their index offense. The groups included Rapists ( n = 14), Incest Offenders ( n = 9), Child Molesters ( n = 11), General Offenders ( n = 20). Nonoffenders ( n = 20) were included as a control group. Psychometric tests including the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, the Defining Issues Test, Survey of Interpersonal Values, Porteus Maze, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory were administered to all inmate and control groups. Analysis showed the rapists and child molesters scored higher on moral reasoning on the Defining Issues Test; also rapists' scores were more elevated on the Psychopathic Deviate and Paranoia scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory than those of other offender and control groups. These results imply that rapists and child molesters have the ability to understand moral issues; however, given their personality orientation, they ignore these interpersonal social values.

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Lu, Xinyi. "The pragmatic strategies of apology in WeChat communication." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 17 (May 5, 2022): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v17i.631.

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A personal private apology is an interpersonal social act in which the apologizer makes an explanation for the offense and repairs the relationship between the two parties on the social media—WeChat. It also involves the harmonious relationship management of the apologizing subject. This paper uses 65 private WeChat chats as a corpus to explore the discourse strategies in private apologies. It is found that personal private apology strategies include expressing apology, explaining reason, self-blaming, and caring for the offended, and less often used strategies such as offering repair, promising to avoid, showing measures done and expressing will. The distribution of strategies indicates that personal private apology is mainly aimed to maintain one’s positive image and reduce self-blame and secondly to repair the face and dignity of the hearer in order to finally dissolve the offending crisis event and repair the friendly interpersonal relationship between both parties. Individuals have the discursive sense to repair the harmonious relationship between the offender and the offended.

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Woźniak, Waldemar. "Development of biophilic personality as a factor in effective resocialization." Kwartalnik Naukowy Fides et Ratio 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34766/fetr.v47i3.906.

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The problems of resocialization measures are not easy and complex. After all, the recipients of these interventions are the perpetrators of crime, including minor and juvenile offenders. In order for resocialization to be effective, it must follow the right principles. The basic principle is the principle of support. Support should have many aspects: material, social, pedagogical, psychological, and medical. The support provided to inmates or juveniles from youth detention centers should include two elements. Those working in resocialization institutions must be willing to provide support despite the fact that the recipients are offenders. There must also be a willingness on the part of the recipients to accept the support. Offenders are reluctant to open up to social support as it requires acknowledging their weakness and even admitting to their actions. They prefer to show their strong-mindedness because it gives them a sense of security. When providing the support, the individual characteristics of its recipients should be taken into account, including personality traits, life experiences, psychological trauma, interpersonal conflicts, illnesses, and family and vocational situation. The perpetrators of criminal acts are often characterized by social maladjustment, antisocial personality, and even criminal lifestyles, which causes their reluctance towards resocialization measures and change in the broad sense. Specific offences are those against health and life. The introduction of a psychological construct called biophilic character into the resocialization measures seems to be desirable and useful. Character in general is an important element in the structure of personality. According to E. Fromm, biophilia is the love of life, respect for one's own life and the life of others, and respect for the world of animals and plants. As the biophilic character develops, the level of aggressiveness should decrease and the frequency of aggressive behaviour should decline. As a method in psychological research, observation allows for noting pro-life, or biophilic, responses in inmates and juveniles from youth detention centres. The greater the number of such responses, the greater the chance of the development of biophilic tendencies and even biophilic character, which will translate into the effectiveness of resocialization.

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Pustake, Manas, Ciara Egan, and Annora A. Kumar. "Unmasking the Healthcare Issues Slipping through the Cracks during the Pandemic." International Journal of Medical Students 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ijms.2021.1032.

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Over the last nine years, the International Journal of Medical Students (IJMS) has been assisting medical students to seek excellence in research. From its conception, IJMS has been publishing tri-annually; however, due to the huge number of article submissions to the journal, IJMS is now publishing four issues every year. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a rise in the incidence of crime and interpersonal violence, including sexual assault. Despite this, it has also been found that the number of such offences reported has decreased. In this editorial, we bring to light the under-recognized issue of sexual assault by highlighting an article regarding medical students' training in caring for assault victims that will be published in this issue. We also discuss other under-recognized healthcare problems in this editorial. This upcoming issue of IJMS is one that not only contains research and experience pieces about the COVID-19 pandemic's ramifications; beautifully recounted and inspiring experiences from medical students can also be found in this issue. Combined with the intriguing case reports and a letter-to-the-editor, we are sure that this upcoming issue will pique the curiosity of our worldwide readership.

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Gardner, Brett O., Marcus T. Boccaccini, and Daniel C. Murrie. "Which PCL-R Scores Best Predict Forensic Clinicians’ Opinions of Offender Risk?" Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 9 (July 30, 2018): 1404–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818789974.

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The Psychopathy Checklist–Revised (PCL-R) is widely used in assessments of violence risk and sexual recidivism risk. Research consistently reveals Factor 2 (Lifestyle/Antisocial Behavior) scores are more reliable and predictive than Factor 1 (Interpersonal/Affective) scores in assessing recidivism risk. Nevertheless, interpersonal-affective offender traits more strongly influence sentencing decisions among mock jurors. We examined PCL-R and Static-99R scores evaluators ( N = 99) assigned to three sexual offenders, and the association between these scores and evaluators’ ratings of offender risk (i.e., likelihood of reoffense). Findings suggest that risk ratings were more strongly associated with the personality features assessed by Factor 1 scores than with the antisocial behaviors assessed by Factor 2 scores, even though research reveals the latter are more relevant to risk. Specifically, evaluator perceptions of interpersonal traits (i.e., Facet 1) emerged as the primary determinant of risk judgments, whereas offenders’ antisocial histories (i.e., Facet 4) were not associated with any judgments.

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Jennings, Jerry L., and Adam Deming. "Review of the Empirical and Clinical Support for Group Therapy Specific to Sexual Abusers." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 8 (December 9, 2015): 731–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215618376.

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This review compiles 48 empirical studies and 55 clinical/practice articles specific to group therapy with sex offenders. Historically, group therapy has always been the predominant modality in sex offender–specific treatment. In the first decades of the field, treatment applied a psychoanalytic methodology that, although not empirically supported, fully appreciated the primary therapeutic importance of the group modality. Conversely, since the early 1980s, treatment has applied a cognitive behavioral method, but the field has largely neglected the therapeutic value of interpersonal group dynamics. The past decade has seen a growing re-appreciation of general therapeutic processes and more holistic approaches in sex offender treatment, and there is an emerging body of empirical research which, although often indirectly concerned with group, has yielded three definitive conclusions. First, the therapeutic qualities of the group therapist—specifically warmth, empathy, encouragement, and guidance—can strongly affect outcomes. Second, the quality of group cohesion can profoundly affect the effectiveness of treatment. Third, confrontational approaches in group therapy are ineffective, if not counter-therapeutic, and overwhelmingly rated as not helpful by sex offenders themselves. Additional conclusions are less strongly supported, but include compelling evidence that sex offenders generally prefer group therapy over individual therapy, that group therapy appears equally effective to individual therapy, and that mixing or separating groups by offense type is not important to therapeutic climate. Other group techniques and approaches specific to sexual abuse treatment are also summarized.

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Cornick, Courtney, Jessica M. Schultz, Benjamin Tallman, and Elizabeth M. Altmaier. "Forgiving Significant Interpersonal Offenses: The Role of Victim/Offender Racial Similarity." Psychology 02, no. 09 (2011): 936–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2011.29141.

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Pica, Gennaro, and Emanuele Fino. "‘You Treated Me Like an Object, I Don’t Forgive You!’: The Effect of Dehumanization on Interpersonal Forgiveness from the Victim’s Perspective." International Journal of Psychological Research 15, no. 2 (September 12, 2022): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5695.

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Introduction. There is a gap in the literature on the impact of the perceptions of a victim of an offense upon their forgiveness towards the offender, particularly when those perceptions include dehumanization. Objectives. The present cross-sectional exploratory study aimed at examining whether the perceptions of being treated in a dehumanized fashion influences interpersonal forgiveness, avoidance, and revenge intentions of dehumanized victims towards the offender. Method. We recruited 149 individuals from the general population, who took part in an online task, consisting of remembering an offense they had been victim of and of a set of self-reported measures of dehumanization (uniqueness and nature), interpersonal forgiveness, avoidance, and revenge intentions. We used multiple linear regression to test the study’s hypotheses. Results. The perceived denial of the victims’ human uniqueness was not associated with the dependent variables, whereas the perceived denial of the victims’ human nature was significantly and negatively associated with interpersonal forgiveness and positively with avoidance and revenge intentions, after controlling for the effects of a set of known covariates. Conclusions. The results revealed a role for dehumanization (nature) in predicting the victims’ interpersonal forgiveness, avoidance, and revenge intentions. Implications for further research are discussed.

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Jane Barton, Jennifer, Tanya Meade, Steven Cumming, and Anthony Samuels. "Predictors of self-harm in male inmates." Journal of Criminal Psychology 4, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-12-2013-0032.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the predictors of self-harm in male inmates. Design/methodology/approach – Male inmates with and without a background of self-harm (i.e. suicidal and non-suicidal) were compared across two distal (static and trait) and two proximal (environmental and current/state psychological) domains. The factors from the four domains which may accurately classify self-harm history were also examined. Findings – The two groups were significantly different across the four domains, particularly on psychological characteristics. The self-harm group was associated with childhood trauma, violent offences, institutional misconducts and lower levels of social support significantly more than the non-self-harm group. Being single, childhood abuse, impulsivity, antisocial personality disorder and global psychopathology were the five key predictors that contributed to 87.4 per cent of all cases being correctly classified. Practical implications – The high levels of psychiatric morbidity and childhood trauma in the self-harm group indicated a need for interventions that address emotional and interpersonal difficulties and optimization of adaptive coping skills. Also, interventions may require a focus on the behavioural functions. Originality/value – A novel approach was taken to the grouping of the variables. A comprehensive range of variables, was assessed simultaneously, including some not previously considered indicators, and in an understudied population, Australian male inmates. The lower levels of agreeableness, conscientiousness and generalized anxiety disorder which distinguished the self-harm and non-self-harm group, were newly identified for self-harm.

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Pittman, Joe F., and Chih-Yuan S. Lee. "Comparing Different Types of Child Abuse and Spouse Abuse Offenders." Violence and Victims 19, no. 2 (April 2004): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.2.137.64098.

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This study examined differences in offenders’ background characteristics, personal and interpersonal problems, and family climate between three types of child abuse offenders (neglecters, physical abusers, and psychological abusers) and two forms of spouse abuse offenders (physical abusers and psychological abusers) in two large samples (child abuse n = 2,910; spouse abuse; n = 7,035) of cases officially identified over a 8-year period (1988-1995) by the U.S. Air Force Family Advocacy Program. Comparisons addressed demographic factors, personal and interpersonal problems, and aspects of family climate. Among child abusers, results supported the conclusion that types of child abuse varied with offender demographics and family climate factors. For spouse abusers, however, types of abuse were not as distinctly different in terms of the comparison variables. In general, therefore, for child abuse—but not for spouse abuse—findings challenge the view of abuse as a unitary phenomenon.

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Mandracchia, Jon, Ashley Sylvara, Addie Wikowsky, Kristen Tieman, and Phillip Smith. "An Exploratory Analysis of Violent Offending and the Acquired Capability for Suicide in Male Prisoners." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 11 (April 3, 2018): 3436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17740558.

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Recently, the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide has offered some understanding as to why inmates are at a disproportionately high risk to die by suicide. The present study was designed to investigate how one aspect of the theory, the acquired capability for suicide, may differ between prison inmates with violent offenses versus those without. Data from 343 male prisoners within the Mississippi Department of Corrections were used to examine potential differences between these two groups on scales of the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale. Contrary to the hypothesis that violent offenders would evidence higher levels of acquired capability, only the Spectator Enjoyment of Violence subscale was significantly different between the two groups, with nonviolent offenders producing higher scores. Potential explanations for these findings and implications for correctional mental health care providers are discussed.

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Henshaw, Marie, James R. P. Ogloff, and Jonathan A. Clough. "Looking Beyond the Screen: A Critical Review of the Literature on the Online Child Pornography Offender." Sexual Abuse 29, no. 5 (September 6, 2015): 416–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063215603690.

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This article reviews the current literature pertaining to those who engage in child pornography offending. The basic characteristics of online child pornography offenders (CPOs) and related typologies are briefly presented prior to reviewing the comparative literature pertaining to CPOs and child contact sexual offenders. In general, CPOs have been found to be relatively high functioning and generally pro-social individuals with less extensive and diverse offending histories than contact offenders. CPOs also display high levels of sexual pre-occupation, deviant sexual interests, and deficits in interpersonal and affective domains that surpass those of contact offenders. Although further research is required to replicate and clarify preliminary findings, the available evidence indicates that existing sexual offender risk assessment tools and treatment programs are not suitable for use with CPOs, and thus require revision and empirical evaluation prior to widespread use among this population. The article concludes with implications for clinical practice and directions for future research.

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Gillespie, Steven M., Alexandra Bailey, Tom Squire, Melissa L. Carey, Hilary J. Eldridge, and Anthony R. Beech. "An Evaluation of a Community-Based Psycho-Educational Program for Users of Child Sexual Exploitation Material." Sexual Abuse 30, no. 2 (March 21, 2016): 169–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063216639591.

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Online sexual offenders represent an increasingly large proportion of all sexual offenders. Many of these offenders receive noncustodial sentences, and there is a growing need for community-based interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate a psycho-educational program for community dwelling users of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM). A total of 92 adult male participants completed self-report measures at pre and post. A subset of participants also completed measures after a follow-up period. Results suggested benefits across depression, anxiety, and stress; social competency, including locus of control and self-esteem; and distorted attitudes. Furthermore, these effects remained 8 to 12 weeks following program completion. Our results suggest that CSEM users are amenable to treatment in the community and that there are beneficial outcomes in affective and interpersonal functioning following psycho-education. These factors represent treatment targets for sexual offenders and are recognized risk factors for contact sexual offense recidivism.

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Burris, Christopher, and Sherilyn Edwards. "Does facial width-to-height ratio predict male offender aggression?" Journal of Criminal Psychology 7, no. 4 (November 6, 2017): 280–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcp-03-2017-0013.

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Purpose Based on the previously observed link between greater facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) and interpersonal aggression in men (see Haselhuhn et al., 2015), the purpose of this paper is to test whether fWHR could differentiate among male offenders as a function of the relative aggressiveness of the crime for which they had been convicted. Design/methodology/approach fWHR measurements (n=550) were computed based on a large subset of male offenders available on a public domain database. Each offender’s index offense and possible confounding variables such as age, ethnicity, and body mass index were also recorded. Findings Multiple analyses yielded no evidence of a relationship between male fWHR and the comparative level of violence of their conviction offense. Originality/value Establishing an empirical basis for probable parameters of an unknown offender’s facial structure could have a considerable practical value for criminal profiling purposes. fWHR – at least as it has been most frequently assessed – does not appear to be a facial parameter that is useful for this purpose, however.

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You, Sungeun, Marc T. Swogger, Catherine Cerulli, and Kenneth R. Conner. "Interpersonal Violence Victimization and Suicidal Ideation." Crisis 32, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000080.

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Background: Offenders are at elevated risk for interpersonal violence victimization (IVV), which is a risk factor for suicide-related outcomes in some populations, suggesting the importance of examining risk associated with IVV in offenders. Aims: The present study examined the association between IVV and suicidal ideation (SI) among criminal offenders in a pretrial jail diversion program in the United States. Methods: 266 offenders were screened for ten common Axis I psychiatric disorders along with current SI and past-year IVV. Results: Past-year IVV was significantly associated with current SI, and the association remained significant after adjusting for symptoms of ten Axis I psychiatric disorders, respectively and simultaneously. Gender did not moderate the IVV-SI association. Conclusions: The findings support a connection between IVV and SI in criminal offenders.

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Hudson, Stephen M., and Tony Ward. "Interpersonal Competency in Sex Offenders." Behavior Modification 24, no. 4 (September 2000): 494–527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445500244002.

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Cero, Ian, Kelly L. Zuromski, Tracy K. Witte, Rebecca L. Fix, and Barry Burkhart. "Race, Offense Type, and Suicide Ideation: Tests of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory in Juvenile Offenders." Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 48, no. 5 (August 22, 2017): 544–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12385.

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Ward, Tony, Stephen M. Hudson, and Julie McCormack. "The Assessment of Rapists." Behaviour Change 14, no. 1 (March 1997): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003727.

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The assessment of sexual aggression presents many difficulties for clinicians. The tendency of offenders to minimise or deny their offending, and their frequent distrust of mental health professionals, require high levels of skill to circumvent. In addition, the multifactorial nature of rape means that assessment needs to cover a broad range of content areas and utilise a number of different methods. In this paper we suggest that a comprehensive assessment should inquire into the developmental history of rapists, social competency, attitudes and beliefs about women and sexual crimes, sexual knowledge, sexual preferences and disorders, empathy, offence variables, psychiatric history, and substance abuse. The clinical interview remains the primary method of information acquisition, and needs to be tailored to match the particular interpersonal style of rapists. The use of psychometric and physiological measures are also valuable sources of clinical data.

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Haynes, Stacy Hoskins, Alison C. Cares, and R. Barry Ruback. "Reducing the Harm of Criminal Victimization: The Role of Restitution." Violence and Victims 30, no. 3 (2015): 450–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00049.

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Restitution is a court-ordered payment by offenders to their victims to cover the victims’ economic losses resulting from the crime. These losses can be substantial and can harm victims and victims’ families both directly and indirectly. But most victims do not receive reparation for their injuries, both because judges do not always impose restitution and because of problems with collecting restitution payments, even if there is a court order to do so. In this article, we review the literature on restitution and suggest that this compensatory mechanism is necessary to restore victims to where they were before the crime occurred. But monetary restitution alone is not sufficient. Making victims whole requires not only financial compensation from the offender but also procedural, informational, and interpersonal justice from the criminal justice system.

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Prentky, Robert A., Raymond A. Knight, Ann W. Burgess, Robert Ressler, John Campbell, and Kenneth V. Lanning. "Child Molesters Who Abduct." Violence and Victims 6, no. 3 (January 1991): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.6.3.213.

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This study examined the differences between 97 abducting and 60 nonabducting child molesters on selected typological and antisocial/criminal variables. Although the results supported one a priori hypothesis, they disconfirmed two others and yielded an unpredicted but theoretically interesting abductor covariate. Our hypothesis that child abductors would more likely be classified as “low” in their contact with children (i.e., have little or no contact with children outside of their offenses) than the nonabductors was supported. In contrast, our hypotheses that the abductors were more likely to be characterized by a history of antisocial and criminal behavior as well as a greater degree of aggression were not supported. Abductors were found to be lower in social competence than the child molesters who never abducted their victims. The results were discussed in terms of abduction as is victim control strategy that is more likely employed by offenders with poor social and interpersonal skills. The complex interrelation among social competence, weapons, and sadism for abductors and nonabductors was explored.

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Greene, Anthony F., Charlton J. Coles, and Ernest H. Johnson. "Psychopathology and anger in interpersonal violence offenders." Journal of Clinical Psychology 50, no. 6 (November 1994): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(199411)50:6<906::aid-jclp2270500615>3.0.co;2-j.

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Tomlinson, Edward C. "The impact of apologies and promises on post‐violation trust." International Journal of Conflict Management 23, no. 3 (June 29, 2012): 224–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10444061211248930.

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PurposeThis research aims to separate the effect of a promise from an apology, examine interactional justice as a theoretical mechanism explaining the relationship between these accounts and post‐violation trust, examine how message content compares to the gesture of sending a message, and test offense severity as a moderator.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed the Trust Game.FindingsResults indicated significant apology × promise and apology × promise × offense severity interactions on interactional justice, and interactional justice fully mediated the relationship between promises and post‐violation trust.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough this study was completed using a laboratory game with anonymous partners, results suggest that interactional justice provides a means for relationships to quickly get back on track after a violation. Specifically, promises provide “forward‐looking” information (trustworthy intent) and interpersonal sensitivity (demonstration of courtesy and concern) that enable interactional justice to affect subsequent trust.Practical implicationsThese findings attest to the efficacy of clear accounts to foster interactional justice; in particular, apologies lead to higher interactional justice for less serious offenses. Furthermore, accounts that are “forward‐looking” lead to higher post‐violation trust via interactional justice perceptions.Originality/valueRecent empirical studies suggest that apologies are associated with higher post‐violation trust, but, unlike this article, have not explicated this process or its boundary conditions.

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Cammack, Carol, Tina M. Waliczek, and Jayne M. Zajicek. "The Green Brigade: The Psychological Effects of a Community-based Horticultural Program on the Self-development Characteristics of Juvenile Offenders." HortTechnology 12, no. 1 (January 2002): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.1.82.

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The Green Brigade horticultural program is a community-based treatment and diversion program for juvenile offenders. The objective of this study was to determine if participation in the Green Brigade program improved the self-esteem, locus of control, interpersonal relationships and attitude toward school of participating juvenile offenders. Participants in the Green Brigade program had significantly lower scores than the comparative group on measures of self-esteem, interpersonal relationships and attitude toward school prior to and after completion of the Green Brigade program. Although the Green Brigade participants' scores were significantly lower than the comparative group's scores, the means were still considered `normal' for their age group. However, adolescents participating in coed sessions, where the hands-on activities involved plant materials, displayed more positive interpersonal relationship scores than participants in an all male session where the hands-on activities focused on the installation of hardscape materials and a lack of plant materials. No significant differences were found in rates of repeated crimes of juvenile offenders participating in the Green Brigade program when compared to juvenile offenders participating in traditional probationary programming.

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Shine, John, and John Birtchnell. "Offence typology and the interpersonal octagon: an exploratory analysis." Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health 12, no. 3 (September 2002): 227–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbm.498.

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Osterman, Lindsey L., and Theresa A. Hecmanczuk. "Parasocial forgiveness: The roles of parasocial closeness and offense perceptions." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 3 (October 9, 2019): 800–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519879511.

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Recent research suggests that robust predictors of interpersonal forgiveness, such as relationship closeness and offense severity, also predict forgiveness of a parasocial target. We extend this work using an interpersonal forgiveness measure to examine forgiveness of parasocial targets as a function of parasocial closeness and offense perceptions. Across two studies, we found that pre-offense closeness was associated with greater forgiveness and current closeness, and that forgiveness significantly mediated the relationship between pre-offense and current closeness. In Study 2, we additionally found that perceptions of apology sincerity were associated with greater forgiveness and current parasocial closeness. Finally, we found that a brief measure of parasocial closeness was comparable to the Parasocial Interaction Scale in its associations with forgiveness and related outcomes. Implications regarding similarities and differences in interpersonal and parasocial forgiveness are discussed. Additionally, possible benefits of using of a brief, face-valid, and versatile set of items to assess parasocial closeness are suggested.

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Toussaint, Loren, Everett L. Worthington, Daryl R. Van Tongeren, Joshua Hook, Jack W. Berry, Victoria A. Shivy, Andrea J. Miller, and Don E. Davis. "Forgiveness Working: Forgiveness, Health, and Productivity in the Workplace." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 1 (August 25, 2016): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116662312.

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Purpose: Associations between forgiveness and health promotion in the workplace were examined as mediating effects of workplace interpersonal stress. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Multiple Washington, DC, office-based and Midwestern manufacturing workplaces. Participants: Study 1: 108 employees (40 males and 68 females); mean age was 32.4 years. Study 2: 154 employees (14 males and 140 females); mean age was 43.9 years. Measures: Questionnaires measured forgiveness, unproductivity, absenteeism, stress, and health problems. Analysis: Bivariate and multiple correlation/regression and structural equation models were used. Indirect effects were estimated with bootstrapping methods. Results: In study 1, forgiveness of a specific workplace offense was inversely associated with unproductivity ( r = −.35, P < .001) and mental ( r = −.32, P = .001) and physical ( r = −.19, P = .044) health problems. In study 2, trait forgiveness was inversely associated with unproductivity (β = −.20, P = .016) and mental (β = −.31, P < .001) and physical health problems (β = −.28, P = .001), and workplace interpersonal stress partially mediated these associations (indirect effects = −.03, −.04, −.05, respectively). Conclusion: The association of forgiveness and occupational outcomes is robust. Forgiveness may be associated with outcomes by (at least partially) reducing stress related to workplace offenses. Forgiveness may be an effective means of coping following being emotionally hurt on the job that may promote good health, well-being, and productivity.

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Morgan, Robert D., and Carrie L. Winterowd. "Interpersonal Process-Oriented Group Psychotherapy with Offender Populations." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 46, no. 4 (August 2002): 466–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x02464008.

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Greene, Anthony F., Thelma F. Lynch, Brent Decker, and Charlton J. Coles. "A psychobiological theoretical characterization of interpersonal violence offenders." Aggression and Violent Behavior 2, no. 3 (September 1997): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(96)00031-6.

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Sigre-Leirós, Vera, Joana Carvalho, and Pedro J. Nobre. "Adult interpersonal features of subtypes of sexual offenders." Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine 34 (August 2015): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2015.04.015.

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Rapske, Debra L., Susan D. Boon, Alishia M. Alibhai, and Megan J. Kheong. "Not Forgiven, Not Forgotten: An Investigation of Unforgiven Interpersonal Offenses." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 29, no. 10 (December 2010): 1100–1130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2010.29.10.1100.

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Almond, Louise, Michelle Ann McManus, and Hannah Chatterton. "Internet Facilitated Rape: A Multivariate Model of Offense Behavior." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 21-22 (July 12, 2017): 4979–5004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517718187.

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Recent statistics report a significant increase in individuals reporting they have been raped by a stranger whom they have met through the Internet (Internet facilitated rape [IFR]). Previous literature has primarily focused on child victims; hence, the overriding aim of this study is to further our understanding of IFR in terms of crime scene behavior. One hundred forty-four IFR cases and two comparative samples of age-matched stranger rapists (confidence approach and surprise approach) were coded for 38 crime scene behaviors. Findings suggest that the platforms IFR offenders use to meet their victims were not suggestive of the behavior they were likely to display. In terms of specific offense behaviors, the IFR and confidence approach rapists were considerably similar and both samples were comparatively different from the surprise approach rapists. Thus, this may indicate that the method of approach used by a stranger rapist has a significant effect on the subsequent rape crime scene behavior displayed regardless of any prior contact. A smallest space analysis of the IFR sample revealed three distinct themes of behavior, criminal sophistication, interpersonal involvement, and violence with 71% of offenders displaying one dominant theme. The practical and theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.

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Lauterbach, Oliver, and Daniela Hosser. "Assessing Empathy in Prisoners - A Shortened Version of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index." Swiss Journal of Psychology 66, no. 2 (June 2007): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185.66.2.91.

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Davis’ Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) was used to assess empathy in a sample of 839 male prisoners aged 15-28. Because recent studies have questioned the usability of the IRI with offenders, psychometric properties of the instrument were analyzed while taking intelligence and verbal skills into consideration as potential influencing factors. Results showed that offenders with a lower IQ and lower verbal skills had difficulties with negatively worded items. After negatively worded items had been eliminated, the component structure of the IRI was replicated. Reliabilities of the shortened version were sufficient and differential validity was found. The fantasy, perspective taking, and empathic concern subscales differentiated between violent and nonviolent offenders. Furthermore, in a logistic regression, the perspective taking subscale contributed significantly to the prediction of future violent offending within 24 months after release.

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d’Avila, Sérgio, Ana Cristina Campos, Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino, Gigliana Maria Sobral Cavalcante, Lorena Marques da Nóbrega, and Efigênia Ferreira e. Ferreira. "Characteristics of Brazilian Offenders and Victims of Interpersonal Violence: An Exploratory Study." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 21-22 (November 1, 2016): 4459–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516674940.

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The aim of this study was to characterize the profile of Brazilian offenders and victims of interpersonal violence, following a medicolegal and forensic perspective. A cross-sectional and exploratory study was performed in a Center of Forensic Medicine and Dentistry. The sample was made up of 1,704 victims of nonlethal interpersonal violence with some type of trauma. The victims were subject to forensic examinations by a criminal investigative team that identified and recorded the extent of the injuries. For data collection, a specific form was designed consisting of four parts according to the information provided in the medicolegal and social records: sociodemographic data of the victims, offender’s characteristics, aggression characteristics, and types of injuries. Descriptive and multivariate statistics using cluster analysis (CA) were performed. The two-step cluster method was used to characterize the profile of the victims and offenders. Most of the events occurred during the nighttime (50.9%) and on weekdays (66.3%). Soft tissue injuries were the most prevalent type (94.6%). Based on the CA results, two clusters for the victims and two for the offenders were identified. Victims: Cluster 1 was formed typically by women, aged 30 to 59 years, and married; Cluster 2 was composed of men, aged 20 to 29 years, and unmarried. Offenders: Cluster 1 was characterized by men, who perpetrated violence in a community environment. Cluster 2 was formed by men, who perpetrated violence in the familiar environment. These findings revealed different risk groups with distinct characteristics for both victims and offenders, allowing the planning of targeted measures of care, prevention, and health promotion. This study assesses the profile of violence through morbidity data and significantly contributes to building an integrated system of health surveillance in Brazil, as well as linking police stations, forensic services, and emergency hospitals.

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BLACKBURN, RONALD. "Criminality and the Interpersonal Circle in Mentally Disordered Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 25, no. 2 (June 1998): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854898025002001.

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Cantelmi, T., M. Toro, A. Violo, and T. Corsini. "Cognitive-interpersonal psychotherapy of sexual offender: a case report." Sexologies 17 (April 2008): S8—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72522-2.

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Kádár, Dániel Z. "The role of ideology in evaluations of (in)appropriate behaviour in student-teacher relationships in China." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 27, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.27.1.02kad.

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In this paper I examine Chinese perceptions of (in)appropriateness and offence from a cross-cultural pragmatic point of view, by exploring (in)appropriate evaluations in the context of a major social offence, and the influence of Confucian ideology on people’s evaluative tendencies. By doing so, I aim to contribute to pragmatic understandings of Confucianism as an ideology that underpins evaluative attitudes in Chinese culture. On the theoretical level, I argue that one needs to carefully examine dimensions of ideologies that underlie evaluative tendencies, and also the ways in which ideologies are invoked, rather than making sweeping claims. I believe that is possible to adopt ‘ideology’ as an analytic notion in interpersonal pragmatics and (im)politeness research, but only if the influence of ideology on interpersonal interaction and evaluative tendencies is captured with the aid of qualitative and quantitative evidence, that is, only as far as one avoids using a certain ideology as an umbrella term to analyse culturally-situated data.

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Gismero-González, Elena, Rafael Jódar, María Pilar Martínez, María José Carrasco, Virginia Cagigal, and María Prieto-Ursúa. "Interpersonal Offenses and Psychological Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Forgiveness." Journal of Happiness Studies 21, no. 1 (January 23, 2019): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-00070-x.

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Wallace, Harry M., Julie Juola Exline, and Roy F. Baumeister. "Interpersonal consequences of forgiveness: Does forgiveness deter or encourage repeat offenses?" Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44, no. 2 (March 2008): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2007.02.012.

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Romero, Catherine, and David B. Mitchell. "Forgiveness of Interpersonal Offenses in Younger and Older Roman Catholic Women." Journal of Adult Development 15, no. 2 (January 8, 2008): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10804-007-9036-1.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Interpersonal offences'

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