Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Interpersonal offences'
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1
Vallentine, Victoria. "The role of attachment in sexual offences committed by men and the relationship between attachment, interpersonal style and aggression in a sample of personality disordered male in-patients." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556169.
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Insecure attachment style has been implicated as a possible factor in sex offending. A review of the research aimed to determine 1) the evidence sex-offenders differ in attachment style from non-offenders 2) the evidence sexual-offenders differ in attachment style from non-sexual offenders and 3) attachment style being related to specific types and/or characteristics of sexual-offending. Overall, the findings were inconsistent. Sex-offenders were found by the majority of studies to have a higher prevalence of insecure attachment than non-offenders. Differences between offenders were less clear and a number of studies found that all offenders had higher levels of insecure attachment than the general population. Support for a multi- faceted model of sex-offending that included attachment theory was found. The results suggested attachment theory could be useful in the assessment and treatment of all offenders. It also highlighted the potential utility of examining links between 'attachment theory and aggressive behaviour in offenders. An empirical study further explored attachment, interpersonal style and aggression offenders with personality disorder detained in a high secure hospital. Differences were found between the sample and the general population on level of avoidant attachment and anxious attachment was predictive of total number of incidents. Coercive interpersonal style was predictive of all types (excluding self-directed) of aggression and total number of incidents. Length of stay, black-British ethnicity and absence of murder were also included in prediction models.
2
Dickens, Tracy Rashard. "The effect of aggressive interpersonal relationship dynamics on women's perpetration of aggression." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07262006-210016/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. Sarah Cook, committee chair; Martha Foster, Nadine Kaslow, Julia Perilla, committee members. Electronic text (96 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 31, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-83).
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au, J. Beven@murdoch edu, and Jaimie Patricia Beven. "Interpersonal Emotional Responses in Violent Offenders: (Re) examining the role of Empathy." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060612.121317.
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The study of empathy has had a long history in both psychology and philosophy; however, debate has continued in relation to the exact nature of the construct. Several distinct variants of empathy have evolved over time, with some researchers viewing the construct as cognitive, while others emphasise the affective nature of empathy. An examination of the history of the construct reveals evidence which supports both positions. Multidimensional models of empathy, such as that posed by Davis (1994), encompass both cognitive and affective accounts of empathy, as well as their interaction. Despite the apparent acceptance of multidimensional models of empathy, confusion still remains as to the definition of empathy. This has restrained theories of the relationship between empathy and constructs such as aggression.
The current program of study sought to clarify the relationship between aggression and empathy, focusing on a multidimensional approach. It was argued that previous research relied on the assumed inhibitory nature of empathy on aggression, and although intuitive, had failed to acknowledge alternative explanations for a relationship between empathy and aggression. Three possible explanations to account for a possible relationship between empathy and aggression were therefore examined.
firstly, that the distress cues of another produce distress in the observer (personal distress) and that distress is interpreted as aversive. Personal distress produces a drive to reduce the aversive state which may result in the use of violence by some individuals. (Empathic arousal functioning as a facilitator of aggression);
secondly, that the distress cues of another fail to produce an affective reaction in some observers. (Empathic arousal failing to function as an inhibitor of aggression); and
thirdly, that the distress cues of another produce an affective reaction in some observers, which is interpreted as an excitation (contrast empathy), and functions to reinforce the use of violence. (Empathic arousal functioning as a facilitator of aggression).
During phase 1 of the research the psychometric properties of the empathy measure, currently used with offenders, were examined in an offender sample. Results from 88 violent offenders indicated that the measure was not suitable for use with offender samples, and therefore new scales needed to be produced before research could continue. Two scales were constructed; the Negative Affect Intolerance Scale (NAIS) assessed offenders level of intolerance toward distress cues of others, while the Offender Contrast Affect Scale (OCAS) assessed offenders level of excitation and enjoyment of the distress cues of others. Once scale construction had been complete, the psychometric properties of the scales were examined using sample of 166 university students. These preliminary results indicated that both scales were reliable and valid.
Phase 2 of the research program began with a pilot study to examine the psychometric properties of the two newly constructed scales with sample of 49 incarcerated male offenders. Both scales once again produced results which supported their reliability and validity. A larger study was then conducted to examine the three theorised roles that empathy may play in either the production or maintenance of aggression. Cluster analysis identified 5 clusters in a sample of 106 sentenced male offenders, based on their responses to a set of scales (including the NAIS and OCAS). Each of these clusters was compared to a Western Australian community sample (43 low SES males). Results supported all three explanations of a relationship between empathy and aggression, within different clusters of offenders.
The final phase of research involved postulating a theoretical role for cognitive aspects of empathy (perspective taking) in the production or inhibition of aggression. It was argued that, despite the apparent simplicity with which the construct has been dealt with in the literature, perspective taking should be considered a two dimensional construct (frequency & accuracy). When considered in this way, perspective taking may provide additional guidance in the study and treatment of human aggression
4
Beven, Jaimie Patricia. "Interpersonal emotional responses in violent offenders : (re)examining the role of empathy /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060612.121317.
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Schultz, Jessica Marie. "Does forgiveness matter? A study of spiritual transformation among survivors of significant interpersonal offenses." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1176.
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Significant interpersonal offenses have considerable consequences for the victim, and these sequelae can be both negative and positive. Spiritual transformation and forgiveness are two processes that may follow a significant interpersonal offense. Spiritual transformation, which includes both spiritual gain and spiritual decline, is an important experience for many individuals following a highly stressful event. Likewise, forgiveness is one way that individuals may cope with the negative effects of being the victim of an interpersonal offense. Both spiritual transformation and forgiveness are related to physical and mental health. Given the prevalence of interpersonal offenses, the mental health link, and the personal importance of religion and spirituality to many individuals, it is imperative to understand these processes. However, the extant literature offers very little about the relationship between spiritual transformation and forgiveness.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of forgiveness in experiencing spiritual transformation following significant interpersonal offenses. Participants were 146 individuals that had been "significantly wronged" by another person. Participants provided information on demographic variables, religious and spiritual importance, event-related distress, forgiveness, and spiritual transformation. Descriptive data are presented as well as correlates of spiritual transformation. Results showed that spiritual growth was positively related to religious and spiritual importance but not forgiveness variables. Event-related distress and avoidance, one component of unforgiveness, were positively related to spiritual decline. Regression analyses revealed that forgiveness did not uniquely account for a significant amount of the variance in spiritual growth after controlling for demographic variables, religious and spiritual importance, and event-related distress. Rather, religious and spiritual importance accounted for a significant amount of variance in spiritual growth. Forgiveness uniquely predicted spiritual decline after accounting for demographic variables, religious and spiritual importance, and event-related distress. This study suggests a complex relationship between spiritual transformation and forgiveness. Results are discussed within the context of implications for clinicians and researchers alike.
6
Beven, Jaimie Patricia. "Interpersonal emotional responses in violent offenders: (re)examining the role of empathy." Thesis, Beven, Jaimie Patricia (2005) Interpersonal emotional responses in violent offenders: (re)examining the role of empathy. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/355/.
Full textAbstract:
The study of empathy has had a long history in both psychology and philosophy; however, debate has continued in relation to the exact nature of the construct. Several distinct variants of empathy have evolved over time, with some researchers viewing the construct as cognitive, while others emphasise the affective nature of empathy. An examination of the history of the construct reveals evidence which supports both positions. Multidimensional models of empathy, such as that posed by Davis (1994), encompass both cognitive and affective accounts of empathy, as well as their interaction. Despite the apparent acceptance of multidimensional models of empathy, confusion still remains as to the definition of empathy. This has restrained theories of the relationship between empathy and constructs such as aggression.
The current program of study sought to clarify the relationship between aggression and empathy, focusing on a multidimensional approach. It was argued that previous research relied on the assumed inhibitory nature of empathy on aggression, and although intuitive, had failed to acknowledge alternative explanations for a relationship between empathy and aggression. Three possible explanations to account for a possible relationship between empathy and aggression were therefore examined. Firstly, that the distress cues of another produce distress in the observer (personal distress) and that distress is interpreted as aversive. Personal distress produces a drive to reduce the aversive state which may result in the use of violence by some individuals. (Empathic arousal functioning as a facilitator of aggression); secondly, that the distress cues of another fail to produce an affective reaction in some observers. (Empathic arousal failing to function as an inhibitor of aggression); and thirdly, that the distress cues of another produce an affective reaction in some observers, which is interpreted as an excitation (contrast empathy), and functions to reinforce the use of violence. (Empathic arousal functioning as a facilitator of aggression).
During phase 1 of the research the psychometric properties of the empathy measure, currently used with offenders, were examined in an offender sample. Results from 88 violent offenders indicated that the measure was not suitable for use with offender samples, and therefore new scales needed to be produced before research could continue. Two scales were constructed; the Negative Affect Intolerance Scale (NAIS) assessed offenders' level of intolerance toward distress cues of others, while the Offender Contrast Affect Scale (OCAS) assessed offenders' level of excitation and enjoyment of the distress cues of others. Once scale construction had been complete, the psychometric properties of the scales were examined using sample of 166 university students. These preliminary results indicated that both scales were reliable and valid.
Phase 2 of the research program began with a pilot study to examine the psychometric properties of the two newly constructed scales with sample of 49 incarcerated male offenders. Both scales once again produced results which supported their reliability and validity. A larger study was then conducted to examine the three theorised roles that empathy may play in either the production or maintenance of aggression. Cluster analysis identified 5 clusters in a sample of 106 sentenced male offenders, based on their responses to a set of scales (including the NAIS and OCAS). Each of these clusters was compared to a Western Australian community sample (43 low SES males). Results supported all three explanations of a relationship between empathy and aggression, within different clusters of offenders.
The final phase of research involved postulating a theoretical role for cognitive aspects of empathy (perspective taking) in the production or inhibition of aggression. It was argued that, despite the apparent simplicity with which the construct has been dealt with in the literature, perspective taking should be considered a two dimensional construct (frequency and accuracy). When considered in this way, perspective taking may provide additional guidance in the study and treatment of human aggression.
7
Beven, Jaimie Patricia. "Interpersonal emotional responses in violent offenders: (re)examining the role of empathy." Beven, Jaimie Patricia (2005) Interpersonal emotional responses in violent offenders: (re)examining the role of empathy. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/355/.
Full textAbstract:
The study of empathy has had a long history in both psychology and philosophy; however, debate has continued in relation to the exact nature of the construct. Several distinct variants of empathy have evolved over time, with some researchers viewing the construct as cognitive, while others emphasise the affective nature of empathy. An examination of the history of the construct reveals evidence which supports both positions. Multidimensional models of empathy, such as that posed by Davis (1994), encompass both cognitive and affective accounts of empathy, as well as their interaction. Despite the apparent acceptance of multidimensional models of empathy, confusion still remains as to the definition of empathy. This has restrained theories of the relationship between empathy and constructs such as aggression.
The current program of study sought to clarify the relationship between aggression and empathy, focusing on a multidimensional approach. It was argued that previous research relied on the assumed inhibitory nature of empathy on aggression, and although intuitive, had failed to acknowledge alternative explanations for a relationship between empathy and aggression. Three possible explanations to account for a possible relationship between empathy and aggression were therefore examined. Firstly, that the distress cues of another produce distress in the observer (personal distress) and that distress is interpreted as aversive. Personal distress produces a drive to reduce the aversive state which may result in the use of violence by some individuals. (Empathic arousal functioning as a facilitator of aggression); secondly, that the distress cues of another fail to produce an affective reaction in some observers. (Empathic arousal failing to function as an inhibitor of aggression); and thirdly, that the distress cues of another produce an affective reaction in some observers, which is interpreted as an excitation (contrast empathy), and functions to reinforce the use of violence. (Empathic arousal functioning as a facilitator of aggression).
During phase 1 of the research the psychometric properties of the empathy measure, currently used with offenders, were examined in an offender sample. Results from 88 violent offenders indicated that the measure was not suitable for use with offender samples, and therefore new scales needed to be produced before research could continue. Two scales were constructed; the Negative Affect Intolerance Scale (NAIS) assessed offenders' level of intolerance toward distress cues of others, while the Offender Contrast Affect Scale (OCAS) assessed offenders' level of excitation and enjoyment of the distress cues of others. Once scale construction had been complete, the psychometric properties of the scales were examined using sample of 166 university students. These preliminary results indicated that both scales were reliable and valid.
Phase 2 of the research program began with a pilot study to examine the psychometric properties of the two newly constructed scales with sample of 49 incarcerated male offenders. Both scales once again produced results which supported their reliability and validity. A larger study was then conducted to examine the three theorised roles that empathy may play in either the production or maintenance of aggression. Cluster analysis identified 5 clusters in a sample of 106 sentenced male offenders, based on their responses to a set of scales (including the NAIS and OCAS). Each of these clusters was compared to a Western Australian community sample (43 low SES males). Results supported all three explanations of a relationship between empathy and aggression, within different clusters of offenders.
The final phase of research involved postulating a theoretical role for cognitive aspects of empathy (perspective taking) in the production or inhibition of aggression. It was argued that, despite the apparent simplicity with which the construct has been dealt with in the literature, perspective taking should be considered a two dimensional construct (frequency and accuracy). When considered in this way, perspective taking may provide additional guidance in the study and treatment of human aggression.
8
McMunn, Patrick. "Psychological Characteristics of Sex Offenders." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6619.
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Current therapeutic treatment methods are ineffective in identifying at-risk sex offenders and reducing recidivism of known offenders, likely due to inadequate identification of specific traits of sex offenders. Previous research and prominent theories in the area of sex offender treatment, in terms of the biological foundation of substance abuse, behaviors of sex offenders, and the presence of aggression, helped to guide this research. Data about sex offenders were collected, as reported by mental health professionals who treat them and focused on three characteristics: maladaptive interpersonal behaviors, impulsivity, and antisocial behaviors, on which the research questions were formed to detect commonality. For this study, a phenomenological approach was chosen through a qualitative design and an 11-item open-ended questionnaire was developed with which 11 mental health professionals who treated sex offenders were interviewed. The audio was transcribed, the text was coded into the themes of the research questions, and the data was analyzed for commonality. The results indicate that all three traits in the research questions are common among sex offenders. The results of this research added to the framework of understanding of common behaviors among sex offenders and to positive social change by providing a clearer understanding of the three targeted behaviors. The information gathered from this qualitative research will guide larger-scale quantitative studies on the sex offender population, ultimately assisting sex offender treatment providers and forensic interviewers with more rapid identification of traits specific to sex offenders.
9
Curwen, Tracey. "Utility of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in measuring differences in empathy among adolescent male sex offenders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28703.pdf.
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Willis, Hannah. "Exploring pathways to sex offending : childhood abusive histories, interpersonal relating and victim choice in sex offenders." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5125/.
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This thesis considers childhood abusive histories and relating style in a sex offender population. The second chapter is a systematic review of the literature that explores relationships between these variables. Childhood abuse was associated with insecure attachment and differences between subtypes of sex offenders were also present. Only one of the included studies indicated a possible pathway from abuse through relating style to victim selection. Due to the heterogeneous methodology of included studies, firm conclusions could not be drawn and therefore a more specific research question was recommended. The third chapter presents a critique of the Person’s Relating to Others Questionnaire (PROQ) (Birtchnell, Falkowski & Steffert, 1992). The reliability and validity of the measure is discussed along with its use in research and its benefit for the current study. The fourth chapter explores childhood abuse and relating style, as measured by the Person’s Relating to Others Questionnaire in subtypes of sex offenders. Childhood abuse was not related directly to victim choice. Childhood abuse was found to be associated with relating style, with any experience of physical abuse, with or without sexual abuse, increasing total negative relating. Subtypes of sex offenders were also found to relate differently on a number of scales, those with adult victims relating more comparably with violent offenders. A mediational effect of relating style between childhood abuse and victim choice was not found. The research demonstrated the relationship between childhood abuse and interpersonal relating in subtypes of sex offenders, but further research is required before a pathway to sex offending can be identified.
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Bunford, Nora. "Interpersonal Skills Group – Corrections Modified for Detained Juvenile Offenders withExternalizing Disorders: A Controlled Pilot Clinical Trial." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1458826572.
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Martin, Alyce Mae. "Exploring Forgiveness: The Relationship Between Feeling Forgiven by God and Self-Forgiveness for an Interpersonal Offense." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1206582492.
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Martin, Alyce M. "Exploring forgiveness the relationship between feeling forgiven by God and self-forgiveness for an interpersonal offense /." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1206582492.
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Glorney, Emily. "How not to win friends but influence people : an investigation into interpersonal style amongst violent offender populations." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2005. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844658/.
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Interpersonal violence is a persistent social problem which continues to present a challenge to service providers to develop treatment to target offenders' needs and to reduce recidivism. By exploring how an individual's characteristic interpersonal style relates to offending behaviour we can begin to understand more about the motivations and functions of violent behaviour. Employing a correlational design, this thesis applied an interpersonal theoretical framework to interpersonally violent behaviour, explored the relationship between trait aggressiveness and state violence, and explored differences in interpersonal style amongst groups of violent offenders and non-offenders. Three samples of British males were generated (336 non-offenders, 120 prisoners with convictions for violent offences, 56 mentally disordered violent offenders), all of whom completed a series of self-report questionnaires; Inventory of Interpersonal Problems-Circumplex Scales (IIP-C), Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), General Perceived Self-Efficacy, Inventory of Interpersonal Reactivity Index, Psychological Estrangement. Using the IIP-C, a circumplex structure was generated within which to explore differences in interpersonal style between groups and to locate violent behaviour. Offender groups reported the highest levels of interpersonal problems on the 'Vindictive/Self-Centred' and 'Cold/Distant' IIP-C scales, and 'Physical aggression' and 'Hostility' scales of the AQ. Three IIP-C scales discriminated between groups of offenders with differing histories of interpersonally violent offences, indicative of some level of homogeneity of interpersonal style within offence-related groups. Exploration of the inter-relationships between the IIP-C and the AQ indicated that aggressive behaviour serves an implicit communicative function, related to a range of interpersonal styles. Results indicate that the Interpersonal Circumplex is a useful model for contributing to our understanding of interpersonally violent behaviour. Furthermore, the self-reported higher levels of both trait aggression and specific interpersonal problems amongst some violent offenders suggest that a focus on interpersonal style in conjunction with criminogenic need might be a complementary approach to the treatment of violent offenders.
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Root, Briana L. "Motives underlying the decision to forgive effects on outcomes for forgivers /." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1213112780.
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Slocum, Debra. "An exploration of perceptions of an offender's true sorriness in an interpersonal context: An offended intimate partner's perspective." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/338.
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A study by Allan, Allan, Kaminer, and Stein (2006) revealed that forgiveness was enhanced by apology and significantly enhanced by true sorriness. Allan et al. (2006) further observed that little is known about what true sorriness is, or about what factors influence perceptions of true sorriness. In response to these findings and observations, this study explored true sorriness in an interpersonal context. Twenty-three participants, aged between 26 years and 58 years old, who had experienced a serious offence by their partner during the past two-years whilst in a committed relationship with that partner, were recruited through community networking. Participants attended a semi-structured interview and completed the Enright Forgiveness Inventory (EFI; Enright, Rique, & Coyle, 2000). A qualitative approach combined the principles of hermeneutic phenomenology and grounded theory to identify the factors that influence perceptions of true sorriness, the experiential meaning of true sorriness from an offended individual's perspective, and the consequences pertaining to perceptions of the absence or presence of true sorriness. The findings of this study suggest that true sorriness can be understood as a validation of care, code and conduct that is perceived by the offended through the core components of affect, affirmations and actions. The / redemptive and conciliative nature of these core components promotes reparation, restoration, and reconciliation. The interactive influence of the core components of true sorriness operate as a sanative process. The findings of this study offer further support for the notion that apology contributes toward forgiveness and true sorriness significantly contributes towards forgiveness (Allan et al., 2006). The theoretical and clinical contribution of these findings is discussed in relation to apology and forgiveness theory.
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PELUCCHI, SARA. "TI OFFENDO. MI PERDONO. STIAMO MEGLIO: PERDONO DI SE' E DETERMINANTI RELAZIONALI NELLE OFFESE INTERPERSONALI." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/810.
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Il presente lavoro considera il perdono di sé come una strategia di coping che permette al soggetto di diminuire i sentimenti negativi (ad es. colpa) legati all’offesa commessa ed aumentare quelli positivi verso il sé (es. compassione di sé), laddove prerequisito del processo è l’assunzione di responsabilità per quanto commesso. In specifico si ritiene e si è mostrato come il perdono di sé sia un costrutto frutto dell’interdipendenza dei comportamenti tra vittima e offensore.
Attraverso un set di studi sperimentali il presente studio ha, infatti, mostrato come i comportamenti conciliatori dell’offensore e il perdono concesso dalla vittima predicano un maggiore perdono di sé dell’offensore. Successivamente il costrutto è stato indagato all’interno di una closerelationship, dove i partner si sono confrontati su offese realmente commesse. I modelli di equazione strutturale hanno confermato come il perdono di sé dell’offensore è legato sia al perdono concesso dalla vittima che alle condotte riparatrici attuate dall’offensore.Grazie all’analisi dell’interdipendenza dei dati, modello APIM, si è inoltre evidenziato come il perdono di sé del partner offensore promuove sia la propria soddisfazione di coppia che quella del partner, vittima dell’offesa subita.Recently psychosocial literature starts to study self-forgiveness: the psychological process by which an offender is able to forgive himself for an injury caused to himself or others. This paper considers self-forgiveness as a coping strategy that allows the person to decrease negative emotions (eg guilt) related to the offense committed and increase positive ones toward the self (eg self-compassion), where the offender starting point is taking responsibility for the wrongdoing. Self forgiveness is also considered as the result of offender and victim behaviours. Experimental studies revealed that offender conciliatory behaviours and victim forgiveness increase offender self forgiveness. Self forgiveness is also studied in a closerelationship about a real partner offence. Structural equation models have confirmed that self forgiveness is improved by offender conciliatory behaviours and victim forgiveness. Repairing ducts were found associated with feeling guilty which is linked to the offender perception of seriousness. Through analysis of the interdependence of data, APIM model, it was also revealed that the partner's self-forgiveness offender promotes both offender couple satisfaction and victim couple satisfaction.
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Das, Jacqueline. "Psychopathic traits in Dutch adolescent offender and community samples relationships with gender, age, institutional misbehavior, substance use and interpersonal style /." [Maastricht] : Maastricht : [Maastricht University] ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=13770.
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Braimovic, Monique. "Partners in Crime: Toward an Integrated, Explanatory Theory of Serial Killer Collaboration." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26673.
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The study of serial killer collaboration has received little attention in academia. While current explanatory theories of serial homicide can include subtypes of serial killers that operate alone, the study of collaborating serial killers has been neglected. In this paper, an integrated, explanatory theory of serial killer collaboration is proposed. The theory builds on concepts from social learning theory, the trauma control model, and relational self theory and aims to examine what interpersonal dynamics that characterize the partnerships of collaborating serial killers. Five cases of collaborating serial killers have been analyzed and compared with focus on individual life histories and how these are reflected in the interpersonal dynamics in serial killer collaboration. The study found that serial killer collaboration is fundamentally characterized by a mutual need for human connection and approval, and that sociocultural role expectations affect the interpersonal dynamics of collaborating serial killers in terms of dominance, victim-preference, victim-acquisition, and method of murder.
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Pearce, Heather Shanti. "The identification and measurement of barriers to forgiveness following an interpersonal transgression." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/93520.
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Research has revealed forgiveness to be a useful pro-social tool for responding to interpersonal transgressions, with a multitude of intra- and interpersonal benefits for both victims and offenders. Despite this, many victims experience difficulty overcoming transgressions and moving towards forgiveness. Thus, to enable and encourage the process in applied and personal settings, it is important to investigate why such individuals do not forgive. To date, ample research has investigated the various social-cognitive, relational, and individual difference variables that may inhibit forgiveness, yet few studies have directly examined the rationalisations behind the unforgiving response, an oversight that presents a substantial gap in the literature. By investigating the reasons victims provide for not forgiving their offenders, research may shed light on barriers to forgiveness that transcend information provided by forgiveness predictors alone. Such research may improve treatment outcomes within applied settings by helping facilitators identify and target the specific cognitions underlying their client’s unwillingness, or inability, to forgive. Accordingly, this thesis aimed to identify salient barriers to forgiveness following interpersonal transgressions, based on past theoretical and qualitative work, and operationalise them into a valid and reliable self-report Barriers to Forgiveness (BTF) measure. The BTF was developed across three studies, utilising 894 participants. Studies 1 and 2 involved the development and refinement of a seven-factor BTF, and the assessment of the measure’s reliability and validity against theoretically-relevant state and trait variables. In addition, Study 2 investigated the factorial invariance of the seven-factor BTF against two independent samples differing in the obligatory nature of the victim-offender relationship. Results from the two studies suggested that the barriers may differ in the purposeful nature of the unforgiving response, with three barriers reflecting an inability to forgive the offender, caused by their blameworthy role in perpetrating a severe, immoral norm violation; and three others reflecting an intentional withholding of forgiveness, in order to punish the offender and protect themselves from future harm and ego damage. Accordingly, the three data sets were reanalysed within Chapter 4 to determine the accuracy of this hierarchical Can’t Forgive-Won’t Forgive structure in explaining BTF interrelationships, and identify the variables that best predict endorsement of the two superordinate barriers. Study 3 investigated endorsement of the superordinate barriers within an experimental setting, manipulating the severity of the transgression—theorised to differentiate the two barriers—and investigating the impact of barrier endorsement on victim forgiveness. Results across the studies suggested that both the seven-factor BTF and the hierarchical Can’t Forgive-Won’t Forgive model are valid and reliable self-report measures of situational barriers to forgiveness, which effectively assess unforgiving cognitions. Results also indicated that the barriers may be differentially related to transgression characteristics and vengeful victim characteristics, and may differentially impact forgiveness outcomes. Findings from this thesis therefore shed light on the causes of unforgiving responses and the impact of known predictors on their endorsement. These findings may help practitioners better understand the cognitions underlying clients’ unforgiving responses and accordingly target their approach, for more successful treatment outcomes.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2014
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Wong, Li-Ling, and 翁力齡. "The relationship among degree of interpersonal offense, closeness with the offender and forgiveness for college students." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78057094417918527178.
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碩士淡江大學
教育心理與諮商研究所碩士班
99
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relations of college students among a degree of interpersonal offense, closeness with offenders and forgiveness in the universities. This study selected 1009 college students as subjects. The instruments of this study include degree of interpersonal offense scale, closeness scale and forgiveness scale. The data was analyzed by frequency distribution, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation and multiple regressions. The results of research are as the following： 1.70.2% of the college students have ever suffered from interpersonal offense - mainly from acquaintances and classmates, secondly, bosom friends, and thirdly, partners; in addition, bosom friends, partners, acquaintances and classmates have severest effects on them (victims) in terms of a degree of offense. 2.College students suffered from interpersonal offense tend to destroy the safety level, by contrast, do little damage to the intimacy level; speaking of the forgiveness for offenders’ behaviors, they are rarely to take revenge on the offenders, and furthermore it is more difficult for them to be confronted with offenders positively. 3.There is no difference for male or female college students in perceiving the degree of interpersonal offense and forgiving the offenders; the religious belief can make individuals perceive that the degree of interpersonal offense is lower. 4.While college students suppose they recover from hurt one day, interpersonal offense is reagrded as a lower scale and they readily forgive offenders. 5.As far as the type of offense of college students, psychological hurt accounts the greatest percentage. Further, victims with physical injuries consider that they suffered from a high degree of interpersonal offense and it is hardest for them to forgive offenders in comparisons with other victims. 6.Subjects suffered from offense which was occurred about 4 years ago (on average), 20 years ago (the farthest) and 5 months ago (the nearest). While the offense was occurred within six months and more than seven years, college students perceive the deepest degree of interpersonal offense and feel more tough to forgive offenders; on the other hand, whilst the offense was occurred between six months and 1 year and between 4 and 7 years, victims tend to forgive offenders during these two periods. 7.It is more difficult for college students to forgive offenders whereas they perceive a deeper degree of interpersonal offense as well as more alienation from offenders; a degree of interpersonal offense plays an essential role in predicting forgiveness of college students. 8.Esteem in a degree of interpersonal offense is the prediction on the presence of positive in forgiveness. In contrast, intimacy in a degree of interpersonal offense is the prediction on the absence of negative in forgiveness. Based on the above results, in my research some related advice is proposed for the future researches, health education and counseling.
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Harness, Stephanie Ann. "Exploring the Link between Interpersonal VIolence to Animals among Juvenile Sexual Offenders." 2011. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/977.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the types of behaviors juvenile sexual offenders participate in and inflict on animals, and compare them to the behaviors of youths involved in other types of crimes, and youths not involved in any criminal activity. A total of 654 juvenile males participated in the study and were included for data analysis. Participants were recruited in two phases. The first phase gathered participants from two treatment centers, and the second phase collected data from students enrolled in undergraduate classes at a public southeastern university. All participating youths were then divided into five categories: non-offenders, non-violent offenders, sexual offenders, violent offenders and youths who committed both violent and sexual offenses (violent/sex offenders). Results indicated the overall relationship between group membership and bestiality was statistically significant, χ2(4)=26.62, p< .001. Further analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between sex offenders (18.9%) and non-violent offenders (3.9%), Z=3.29, p<.05; sex offenders (18.9%) and non-offenders (2.4%), Z=4.30, p<.05; and violent/sex offenders (18.2%) and non-offenders (2.4%), Z=2.14, p<.05. Additionally, an overall test of the relationship between physical violence and group membership were also statistically significant, χ2(4)=36.42, p<.001. Further analysis revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between violent/sex offenders (90.9%) and non-offenders (31.4%), Z=3.78, p<.05; violent/sex offenders (90.9%) and non-violent offenders (50.8%), Z=2.30, p<.05; violent/sex offenders (90.9%) and sex offenders (51.4%), Z=2.00, p<.05; violent offenders (53.8%) and non-offenders (31.4%), Z=2.974, p<.05; sex offenders (51.4%) and non-offenders (31.4%), Z=2.235, p<.05; and non-offenders (31.4%) and non-violent offenders (50.8%), Z=4.545, p<.05. Because of a low response rate, the temporal order of sexual offenses against humans and sexual behavior with animals was not able to be determined in this study. As for the temporal order of physical violence to people and animals, no statistically significant difference was found regarding the order of violence perpetrated against humans and animals.
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Fang, Huang Shu, and 黃淑芳. "Study of the Family Function and Interpersonal Relationship Among Sexual Offenders." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56578521883848865329.
Full textAbstract:
碩士高雄醫學大學
行為科學研究所
90
It is more necessary to understand and to discuss the prevention of sexual offenses. This research is probing into the family function and interpersonal relationship of sexual offenders. There are three purposes: 1. To understand the status of sexual offenders’ family function and interpersonal relationship in Taiwan. 2. To compare the difference of he family function and interpersonal relationship between sexual offenders and control group. 3. To estimate the relatively high risk factors of sexual offenses. This study used methods of survey research. The 97 members of case group were from the Kaohsiung Incarcerated Jail and Municipal Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital, the 106 males who’s average age not more than 5 years and no sexual offence history were the control group. The conclusion as follows: 1. The education degree and marital condition of sexual offenders were not better than control group. 2. The experiences of sexually abused in childhood; bumming at dead of night; purposely damaging, smoking, drinking, gambling & fighting in school and having the recorder of previous crime among sexual offenders were significantly more than control group. 3. Sexual offenders’ family conflict, achievement orientation, organization-domination were less than control group; but active-recreational orientation were significantly more than control group. 4. The ability of sociality, emotional control, bisexual intercourse, communication & expressing among sexual offenders were less than control group. 5. The result of stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that education degree, marital condition, recorder of previous crime among their friends, fighting in school, family conflict, achievement orientation, communication & expressing were found to be predictors. According to the above findings, we suggest that 1. To enhance bisexual & sex education. 2. To reinforce family function & organization in good condition. 3. To reinstate the ability of sociality, emotional control, bisexual intercourse, communication & expressing of community treatment.
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"Social cognition and forgiveness: The role of dissonance and motivation in navigating interpersonal offenses." UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS, 2007. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1442418.
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Mathebula, S. S. "Development and evaluation of "the enhancement of interpersonal effectiveness programme" on incarcerated male indigenous African offenders." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/956.
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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. (Community Psychology) degree in the Department of Psychology at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2009.The researcher developed an ubuntu re-cultivation programme, titled "the Enhancement of Interpersonal Effectiveness" (EIE), for reducing aggressive antisocial behaviour through education and training workshop sessions that encourage participatory learning. The programme was applied on 16 incarcerated male indigenous African offenders in a maximum security prison. The participants ranged in age between 26 and 40 years (mean=3I.I years) and their education stretched from Grade 7 to 12 (mean Grade 10.2). Residential accommodation split the participants into two groups of 9 and 7, which made their facilitation manageable. Baseline performances of participants were established on the Carlson Psychological Survey (CPS) and the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ). The profiles of the CPS showed that the participants had entrenched antisocial behaviour lifestyles and manifestations of feelings of ill-health which included anxiety and depression. The AQ revealed tendencies towards high levels of aggression, anger and hostility. Four, one hourly EIE intervention sessions, were administered per week for six weeks. Post-intervention profile analyses of the AQ revealed significant reductions in 10 of the 16 participants. The reductions occurred in an average of two of the following 5 AQ components: anger, hostility, physical aggression, verbal aggression and indirect aggression. There were also reductions of antisocial ideation on the CPS of half of the participants. The CPS profiles also showed remission of anxiety and depression in 10 participants. The EIE Examination Assignment and the Programme Evaluation Questionnaire indicated that the majority of participants increased their knowledge and skills for constructive social relationships. The findings support the recommendation for the inclusion of EIE as a regular psychological education and training programme for male indigenous African offenders in the correctional centre and other correctional centres with a climate conducive for learning and development.
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Leirós, Vera Lúcia Sigre. "Developmental, interpersonal, and cognitive factors in sexual offending: accounting for the specificities of different types of offenders." Doctoral thesis, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/115074.
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Leirós, Vera Lúcia Sigre. "Developmental, interpersonal, and cognitive factors in sexual offending: accounting for the specificities of different types of offenders." Tese, 2014. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/115074.
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CHANG, PI-YUNG, and 張璧詠. "Interpersonal Interaction in Compulsory Group Psychotherapy of Sexual Offenders: A Case Study on Inmates of a Male Prison." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hnnbfm.
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碩士中國文化大學
心理輔導學系
105
The paper aims at understanding, during compulsory group psychotherapy of sexual offenders, the interpersonal interaction phenomenon and experience of sexual offenders with the group members. The research areas of the paper cover: (1) Interpersonal experience of the group members in their lives; (2) Interaction phenomenon and experience of the group members with other people in the group; (3) Effects of therapists’ intervention on the group dynamics. The study takes a compulsory psychotherapy group of sexual offenders in a male prison as the research targets, with 12 group members and 2 therapists involved. The researcher joined the group for six times to make observation. The paper makes qualitative analysis of the written dialogs taken from five of the six visits, and the discussion and interview contents collected after group meetings. The paper rearranges three major sharing members’ interpersonal experience inside and outside the group, overall interaction experience of all members of the group, therapists’ intervention and its effects, and then conducts overall interpretation. The analysis and interpretation results are shown as follows: I. Interpersonal interaction experience and effects of sexual offenders in their lives. i. The members in the group showed their love and hate in the relationship with their parents. ii. The members’ identification with the interaction with their original families easily appear repeatedly in general interpersonal relationship. iii. Before the group members committed sexual crime, they may have experienced unbearable frustration and difficulties. II. Interpersonal interaction phenomenon and experience of sexual offenders in the compulsory group psychotherapy i. The group members presented the issues of trauma and violence in their early years, and brought out the opportunity of internal integration. ii. The difference in personality traits and socioeconomic background among the group members is both a help and obstacle to therapy. iii. Discussing about criminal cases always made the atmosphere of the group become tense, but instant intervention of therapists could help alleviate the tense atmosphere. iv. Discussing about planning of life after prison might be an issue achieving greatest support from the group members. v. Discussing about group dynamics is an advantage to the psychotherapy group of sexual offenders with long-term imprisonment. III. Effects of therapists’ intervention on the psychotherapy group dynamics of sexual offenders i. Compulsory therapy let the group members develop negative feeling; meanwhile it gave them an opportunity of treatment. ii. Transference–countertransference may become a tool to understand the group members and avoid destroy the therapeutic relationship. iii. Therapists’ containing trait could deepen the group members’ involvement in compulsory therapy. Finally, the paper discusses about the findings of the above research, and gives suggestions to the future researchers and the related practical workers helping sexual offenders in order to provide a referential direction for studying the related issues.
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Hsieh, Tsui-Chu, and 謝翠祝. "A study of Attitude towards Forgiveness, Life Adjustment and Depressive Tendency of Elementary School Children Suffering Interpersonal Offense." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26204230438992602106.
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碩士國立新竹教育大學
人資處輔導教學碩士班
95
Abstract The objective of the present study is to investigate the interactive correlations between attitude towards forgiveness, life adjustment and depressive tendency of elementary school children suffering interpersonal offense. A total valid number of 404 elementary school children were recruited from several elementary schools in different HsinChu city areas through purposive sampling. The study outcomes were yielded from one-way ANOVA, and Manova correlation analysis. The study reveales several findings and conclusions as followings: 1. The level of attitude towards forgiveness of elementary school children suffering interpersonal offense differs significantly for different degrees of offense. The less the degree of offense, the higher the level of attitude towards forgiveness. 2. The level of family adjustment term in life adjustment of elementary school children suffering interpersonal offense differs significantly for different degrees of offense. The less the degree of offense, the higher the level of family adjustment. 3. The level of depressive tendency of elementary school children suffering interpersonal offense differs significantly for different degrees of offense. The higher the degree of offense, the higher the level of depressive tendency. 4. There is significant positive correlation between attitude towards forgiveness and life adjustment for elementary school children suffering interpersonal offense. 5. There is significant positive correlation between life adjustment and depressive tendency for elementary school children suffering interpersonal offense. 6. There shows no correlation between attitude towards forgiveness and depressive tendency for elementary school children suffering interpersonal offense.
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May, Julianna. "Triggering and contributing socio-economic factors to aggravated robbery : the perspective of offenders at Baviaanspoort Maximum Correctional Centre." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24202.
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In South Africa all the major categories of violent crime (homicide, aggravated robbery, serious assault and rape) showed an increase during the early 2000s. More than half of the total offences that were committed in South Africa during 2005 were aggressive offences. The goal of the study was to explore the perception of offenders regarding the triggering and contributing socio-economic factors to aggravated robbery with a view to inform rehabilitation and re-integration programmes for these offenders. Within the context of the interrelatedness of socio-economic factors such as poverty, inequality, unemployment and human rights, developmental social welfare and its underpinning theory of social development was an appropriate theoretical framework for the study. A qualitative research approach was utilised for the study and data was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews. Respondents for the study included maximum-term offenders that were serving an imprisonment sentence for aggravated robbery. The research findings indicate a reciprocal relationship between poverty, inequality, unemployment, intoxicating substances and intra- and interpersonal factors as possible triggering and contributing factors to aggravated robbery. Unemployment, which is exacerbated by a lack of education and skills development and linked to intra- and interpersonal factors, appears to be a dominant socio-economic factor that could contribute to or trigger aggravated robbery. The study concluded that rehabilitation programmes still lack a holistic, integrated developmental approach and hence do not prepare ex-offenders for full integration into society. The Department of Correctional Services was pointed out as a significant role-player in facilitating rehabilitation programmes that include skills development for job creation in a holistic, integrated developmental manner. Recommendations include that the Department of Correctional Services should seek partnerships and closer working relations with external service providers, and develop and implement integrated developmental rehabilitation programmes that will facilitate the creation of productive economic opportunities for offenders while they are still incarcerated and once they have been released back into the community.Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted
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Hodgskiss, Brin Allan. "A narrative exposition of serial murder in South Africa." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24501.
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This study explores the phenomenon of serial murder from the perspective of narrative psychology. Using a case study approach and a grounded theory analytical process this qualitative study utilised the narrative concept of the imago to explore the motivation and development of those who commit serial murder in South Africa. The aim is increase our theoretical understanding of serial murder in directions that support offender profiling. Semi-structured interviews with two South African men who committed serial murder were undertaken and analysed alongside archival data. Their imagoes formed the focus of the analysis. This analysis included a consideration of how the individual’s motivations and developmental patterns were reflected in their crime scenes. This study demonstrated that imagoes play a significant role in the motives for offending, and development of offence behaviours, in men who commit serial murder. The imagoes help create motives; then embody these motives by encouraging and justifying certain types of behaviour in the individual. Interactions between imagoes were particularly significant in this regard. The dominant imago associated with the individual’s self was also associated with the development of a behavioural template for offending, and was thus especially significant in embodying motive. The development of offending was further encouraged by the separation between imagoes involved in offending and those that are not. However differences between the case studies were also observed, such as the extent to which imagoes develop in interaction with others and the roles played by their imagoes in the developmental narrative of their offending. These findings shed novel theoretical light on the study of serial murder in South Africa. It suggests directions for research into the role of narrative and culture in offending, and for the study of the imago as an embodied mode of interpersonal interaction. It also offers opportunities for research aiming to support offender profiling, and proposes a possible synthesis of competing conceptions of serial murder.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Psychology
unrestricted
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Paquette, Julie. "Le développement d’habiletés personnelles et sociales à travers un programme de thérapie par le plein air pour jeunes contrevenants ; effets sur le niveau d’antisocialité et l’insertion socio-professionnelle." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9974.
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La thérapie par le plein air représente une alternative aux programmes d’intervention conventionnels pour jeunes antisociaux. Elle donne à ses participants l’occasion de modifier leurs pensées et leurs comportements dans un contexte d’expédition, à travers la participation à diverses activités de plein air. Ce faisant, ils développent leur répertoire d’habiletés personnelles et sociales, ce qui pourrait faciliter le désistement d’une conduite antisociale. Un devis expérimental prospectif, avec pré-test et post-tests à trois et six mois, a été utilisé afin d’évaluer l’effet de la durée d’une intervention de thérapie par le plein air sur le niveau d’antisocialité et l’insertion socio-professionnelle de jeunes contrevenants. De plus, l’effet potentiellement médiateur des progrès réalisés au chapitre des habiletés interpersonnelles et de la motivation d’accomplissement a été examiné. Un échantillon de 220 jeunes contrevenants a été observé, divisé aléatoirement selon deux conditions expérimentales, soit un programme de 8 à 10 jours et un programme de 17 à 20 jours. Il apparaît que la durée n’a pas d’effet direct significatif sur le niveau d’antisocialité et l’insertion socio-professionnelle des participants. En revanche, la durée du programme a un effet positif indirect sur le niveau d’antisocialité subséquent des participants, à travers l’amélioration des habiletés interpersonnelles et la motivation d’accomplissement des sujets. Aucune des variables mises en jeu n’a eu un impact significatif sur les progrès observés au niveau de l’insertion socio-professionnelle des sujets. La thérapie par le plein air semble favoriser le désistement d’une conduite antisociale en encourageant le développement de certaines habiletés personnelles qui font habituellement défaut chez les jeunes antisociaux.Wilderness therapy is an alternative to more traditional interventions for antisocial youth. This expedition-based intervention requires participation in various outdoor activities, through which participants have the opportunity to modify thought patterns and behaviors. In doing so, they broaden their existing, and often poor, repertoire of personal and social skills, heightening the possibilities of desistence from an antisocial path. An experimental and prospective design, with pre-test and post-tests at three and six months, was used to evaluate the influence of the length of the program on the antisociality and socio-professional status of young offenders. The potential impact as mediators of interpersonal skills and accomplishment motivation was also observed. A sample of 220 young offenders was used, which was divided at random into two conditions; a program lasting between 8 to 10 days or one lasting between 17 and 20 days. Length of program had no direct and significant influence on the antisociality levels or the socio-professional status of the participants. However, length had a positive indirect effect on lowering the level of antisociality of the subjects, through the development of their interpersonal skills and accomplishment motivation. None of the variables had a significant impact on the socio-professional status progress noted for most subjects. Wilderness therapy appears to support young offenders in desisting from an antisocial pathway by facilitating the development of personal and social skills.