Academic literature on the topic 'Internet shopping'

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Journal articles on the topic "Internet shopping"

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Roberts, Martyn, Xianzhong M. Xu, and Nekatarios Mettos. "Internet Shopping." Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations 1, no. 2 (April 2003): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2003040103.

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Aronson, J. "Internet: Windows shopping." BMJ 318, no. 7194 (May 15, 1999): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7194.1359.

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Mohd Suki, Norazah, T. Ramayah, and Norbayah Mohd Suki. "Internet shopping acceptance." Direct Marketing: An International Journal 2, no. 2 (June 4, 2008): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17505930810881752.

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B£A ZÿEWICZ, JACEK, Mikhail Kovalyov, Jędrzej Musiał, Andrzej Urbanski, and Adam Wojciechowski. "Internet shopping optimization problem." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10006-010-0028-0.

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Internet shopping optimization problemA high number of Internet shops makes it difficult for a customer to review manually all the available offers and select optimal outlets for shopping. A partial solution to the problem is brought by price comparators which produce price rankings from collected offers. However, their possibilities are limited to a comparison of offers for a single product requested by the customer. The issue we investigate in this paper is a multiple-item multiple-shop optimization problem, in which total expenses of a customer to buy a given set of items should be minimized over all available offers. In this paper, the Internet Shopping Optimization Problem (ISOP) is defined in a formal way and a proof of its strong NP-hardness is provided. We also describe polynomial time algorithms for special cases of the problem.
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Cheung, Christy M., and Matthew K. Lee. "Trust in Internet Shopping." Journal of Global Information Management 9, no. 3 (July 2001): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.2001070103.

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Khalifa, Mohamed, and Moez Limayem. "Drivers of Internet shopping." Communications of the ACM 46, no. 12 (December 2003): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/953460.953505.

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kimSangHee, Yang, Ji Hoon, 김경애, and PARKMANSUK. "Effect of Customer's Emotion Experienced during Internet Shopping On Shopping Behavior According to Internet Shopping Motivation." Management & Information Systems Review 30, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29214/damis.2011.30.1.001.

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Duong, Xuan-Lam, Shu-Yi Liaw, and Thi Giang Nguyen. "Factors Affecting Problematic Internet Shopping." International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 12, no. 1 (January 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.298689.

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The study aimed to examine internet shopping patterns and factors affecting problematic online shopping behavior among university students. A total of 364 Taiwanese university students were conveniently recruited online using the Online Shopping Addiction Scale (OSAS) to assess the severity of problematic internet shopping. Fisher’s exact test and hierarchical regression analysis were used to examine the difference among internet shoppers and explore the determining factors for problematic internet shopping. Results revealed that 2.47% of the students in our sample suffered from problematic internet shopping. Hierarchical regression analysis suggested that internet experience has an inverse significant influence on problematic internet shopping. Furthermore, daily internet shopping usage and frequency appear to be the most critical determinants of problematic internet shopping (p<.01). The current study has provided some worthwhile insights which can serve as a guideline to more elaborate studies.
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VIJAYASARATHY, LEO R. "Shopping Orientations, Product Types and Internet Shopping Intentions." Electronic Markets 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1019678032000039903.

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Ghodse, Hamid. "Internet pharmacies." International Psychiatry 3, no. 1 (January 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600001387.

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Shopping on the internet has become routine for many people and covers a wide range of products and services. It is therefore unsurprising that, in some countries, medical and pharmaceutical services can also be bought. This has clear advantages in countries such as Australia, where some communities are isolated by huge distances (or other geographical circumstances) but are able to access the internet. However, shopping for psychotropic substances is not quite the same as shopping for toothpaste or televisions. These drugs are subject to strict controls, including the requirement for prescription by a qualified medical practitioner. It is possible to implement systems so that internet shopping for and mail delivery of psychotropic substances conform to regulatory requirements; if this is done, internet pharmacies can be valuable in ensuring an adequate supply of medical provisions to all citizens, wherever they live (US General Accounting Office, 2000). However, these same sales opportunities can easily be exploited by unlicensed internet pharmacies and it is the problems caused by these illicit ‘cyber-pharmacies’ that are now the cause of grave concern.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Internet shopping"

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Kamarulzaman, Yusniza. "Adoption of Internet shopping for travel services." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2006. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55606/.

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The study explores consumers' adoption of Internet shopping in the context of UK travel services. The key objective is to identify the profile of Internet shoppers and the antecedents of Internet shopping adoption for travel services. The study proposes a model for the prediction of Internet shopping adoption, drawing upon Davis' (1989) Technology Acceptance Model with the inclusion of individual characteristics, perceived risk and trust. The model identifies the structural relationships among the eight constructs (i.e. perceived usefulness, perceived ease-of-use, innovativeness, involvement, opinion leadership, perceived risk, trust and adoption), which were examined through Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS. The study employs a multi-methodology approach, which involves focus group discussions at the exploratory stage and a questionnaire survey in the data collection stage. The final survey was of a screened sample of 500 respondents who had purchased travel services online. A total of 299 qualified respondents from all over the UK completed the online survey. The descriptive results present a profile of travel e-shoppers in terms of demographic, geodemographic and buying patterns. The SEM tested the hypothesised relationships among the constructs, as postulated in the model. Nine of the hypothesised links were supported and six were rejected. Eventually, a robust model that has statistical and explanatory power was confirmed. The results explicitly clarified several key contributions to marketing theory and for the travel and tourism industry. For example, it was demonstrated that perceived usefulness is the key determinant of Internet shopping adoption decisions. Also, consumer innovativeness is the key influence on Internet shopping adoption at the personal level, followed by consumer involvement in the shopping process. The study also reveals three new relationships, between opinion leadership and perceived ease-of-use, consumer involvement and ease-of-use and consumer innovativeness and trust, which have not been examined empirically by previous research. By identifying the primary drivers of Internet shopping adoption for travel services, the study contributes to and extends the understanding of the Internet as a medium for commercial use in the B2C arena as well as expanding the literature on new technology adoption.
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Lim, Sun Sun. "Internet shopping : a taxonomy of consumer online actions." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1729/.

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This thesis applied the theory of activity and goal-directed action to the study of online shopping actions. It first studied qualitatively the structures of online shopping actions using the self-confrontation interview method. The qualitative findings established the structural, cognitive and dispositional dimensions of online shopping actions including knowledge and value structures, attention processes and flow. The typical behavioural traits of online shoppers were also identified. Findings also emerged about the tensions between consumers' online and offline actions and the consequences of the technological mediation of shopping. From these qualitative findings, a survey instrument was developed to query online shoppers on various dimensions of their online shopping actions. Cluster analysis of the survey results produced a taxonomy of consumer online actions from which a typology of online shoppers was generated. The qualitative findings on the typical behavioural traits of online shoppers were then used as criteria for the qualitative usability analysis of retail websites. Retail websites of four product and service categories were analysed for their usability, i.e. ability to accommodate the typical behavioural traits of online shoppers such as propensity to experience information overload and to multi-task, potential for experiencing affect and flow etc. This thesis made several theoretical, methodological and practical contributions. It extended goal-directed action theory beyond its traditional scope of work actions and group activity to the realm of consumer behaviour. It also introduced a different theoretical framework to consumer psychology by applying the theory of activity and goal directed action to consumer behaviour. It made a methodological contribution by applying the self-confrontation interview method to the study of online behaviour. This thesis' findings also have practical implications for the understanding of online behaviour, the diffusion of e-commerce and the design of Internet interfaces.
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LISNYAK, TATYANA. "AN AGENT-BASED SYSTEM FOR INTELLIGENT INTERNET SHOPPING." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1026130092.

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Hogg, Margaret. "Conceptualizing and investigating patterns of consumer behaviour towards in-home shopping." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.560588.

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This research examines intermediate patterns of joint consumption whereby constellations, anti constellations and configurations are seen as representing patterns of consumption which lie between the traditional micro (product-centred) and macro (societal-centred) studies of consumption. A series of models are developed: of the relationship between individuals and consumption from a social psychological perspective of the formation of patterns of joint consumption and of the three forces which influence patterns of consumption: the symbolic-functional force (located in the product) the physiological-esteem-self-actualization force (located in individual needs) and the expressive-instrumental force (located in activities or behaviour). A two stage empirical study explores the content, structure and context of consumption patterns amongst mail order shoppers in the U.K. The quantitative stage involved the application of correspondence analysis to data extracted from the BMRBffGI database and the qualitative phase was a series of in-depth interviews with mail order industry marketing personnel. The findings confirmed the existence of three identifiable groups amongst mail order shoppers, with different intermediate patterns of joint consumption representing different sets of responses to the three forces which influence consumption and which had been modelled above. The research extends work on the grammar of consumption by developing a set of rules of combination for analyzing the structure and levels of joint consumption: constellations, anti constellations and configurations, which could be associated with the groups of mail order shoppers. The study concludes that products cohere around social roles and that interdependence exists at two levels, firstly, amongst the forces which influence consumption, and secondly, between consumption and the societal-cultural context. It was seen that functional and symbolic complementarities could be found in the intermediate patterns of joint consumption and that different combinatorial rules could be applied to the different levels of consumption patterns elicited for the various groups.
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Dabhade, Anjali Kwon Wi-Suk. "Antecendents of older consumers' internet shopping for apparel products perceived risk and benefits and shopping orientation /." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SUMMER/Consumer_Affairs/Thesis/Dabhade_Anjali_54.pdf.

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Ha, Young. "Rural Ohio Consumers' Internet Apparel Shopping: Innovativeness, Perceptions, and Demographic Characteristics." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1380541737.

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Kumar, Shefali. "Consumers' Behavioral Intentions Regarding Online Shopping." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2634/.

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This study investigates the consumers' intention towards Internet shopping. The Theory of Planned Behavior is used to predict behavioral intention (BI), which is a function of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC). The effects of demographic and personal variables on BI are also examined. Data analysis (n = 303) indicates that attitude, subjective norm, perceptions of behavioral controls, and previous purchases are significant predictors of behavioral intention. Product/Convenience, Customer Service (attitude factors), Purchase and Delivery, Promotional Offers, Product Attribute (factors of PBC), subjective norm, hours spent online, money spent online, and previous purchases discriminate respondents of high BI from low BI. Behavioral intention of shopping online is highest for Specialty Products followed by Personal, Information Intensive, and Household Products.
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Khan, Farahnaz L. "Visit versus Purchase: Comparing Internet Shopper Clusters." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1209738663.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.
Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-127). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
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Lu, Xiaoming. "Relationship quality and customer loyalty in internet grocery shopping in the UK." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8033.

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Despite the growing body of literature on online loyalty issues, little research has been conducted on the link between relationship quality (RQ) and customer loyalty in the context of Internet grocery shopping. The existing literature on electronic retailing does not explain the differences in loyalty across product and service categories. As shopping for groceries is generally an activity repeated at regular time intervals, consumers' behaviours is likely to be very different when purchasing goods and services which are only needed occasionally. Due to the frequency of grocery purchase, a relationship is likely to be developed between customers and the retailer. Whilst perceived service quality and customer satisfaction have been recognised as antecedents of customer loyalty in previous studies, it is not understood whether RQ adds any additional effect over the traditional measure such as perceived service quality and customer satisfaction in determining loyalty in Internet grocery shopping. Therefore, this study attempts to address this research gap by incorporating a RQ perspective, as well as customer satisfaction and perceived service quality. Building on an extensive literature review, RQ is conceptualised and examined for its theoretical applicability via an initial qualitative study, followed by a quantitative phase using structural equation modelling analysis with the data collected by an esurvey of 519 Internet grocery shoppers. The results show that RQ is positively associated with customer loyalty in Internet grocery shopping. Among the dimensions of RQ, relationship satisfaction has the strongest direct effect on the formation of customer loyalty. In addition, loyalty can be also developed through perceived relational investment and affective commitment. Moreover, it is found that perceived relational investment from the Internet grocery retailer indirectly influence customer loyalty. Contrary to expectation, trust plays a very unimportant role in developing customer loyalty in Internet grocery shopping. The finding also indicates that e-service quality has a significant effect on e-satisfaction in Internet grocery shopping. In order to see whether the multi-component RQ model can perform better than the global RQ model, a comparison is made between the aggregated and the disaggregated model of RQ. The results indicate that the disaggregated model performs much better than the aggregated one.
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Proper, Astrid, and Mai Truong. "Internationalisering på internet : ursprungslandets & språkets betydelse vid köp på internet." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12810.

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Books on the topic "Internet shopping"

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Molenaar, Cor. Shopping 3.0: Shopping, the Internet or both? Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate Pub., 2010.

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Shopping 3.0: Shopping, the Internet or both? Farnham: Ashgate Pub., 2010.

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Kasser, Barbara. Internet shopping yellow pages. Berkeley: Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 2000.

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Affairs, Canada Industry Canada Office of Consumer. Shopping on the internet: Get informed. Ottawa: Industry Canada, 1999.

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Borgwardt, Jens. Shopping im Internet: [Online vorteilhaft einkaufen. Kilchberg [Switzerland]: SmartBooks Pub., 1999., 1999.

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Easton, Jaclyn. Shopping on the Internet and beyond! Scottsdale, AZ: Coriolis Group Books, 1995.

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Geoff, Harris, ed. The Complete guide to internet shopping. Bournemouth: Paragon Publishing Ltd, 1999.

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Kasser, Barbara. 2005 online shopping directory for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub., 2004.

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Bargain shopping online. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000.

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Weiss, Moritz. Rechtliche Behandlung von intelligenten Shopping Agenten im Internet. Szeged: Szegedi Tudományegyetem Állam- és Jogtudományi Kara, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Internet shopping"

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Schneider, Dirk, and Philipp Gerbert. "Überlegene Internet-Marken schaffen." In E-Shopping, 105–23. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82265-9_7.

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Schneider, Dirk, and Philipp Gerbert. "Internet-Shops richtig gestalten." In E-Shopping, 125–48. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-82265-9_8.

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Lamla, Jörn, and Sven Jacob. "Shopping im Internet." In Das Management der Kunden, 196–217. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80718-2_9.

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McLean, Rachel, and Helen Richardson. "The Customer Rules and Other e-ShoppingE-shopping Myths." In Self-Service in the Internet Age, 173–93. London: Springer London, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-207-4_9.

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Kempe, Michael. "Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede beim Online-Shopping." In Das Internet der Zukunft, 285–306. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6872-2_15.

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Ecker, Thomas, and Jürgen Moormann. "Die Bank als Betreiberin einer elektronischen Shopping-Mall." In Internet Banking, 101–30. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84622-8_5.

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Munson, Jo, Thanassis Tiropanis, and Michelle Lowe. "Online Grocery Shopping: Identifying Change in Consumption Practices." In Internet Science, 192–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70284-1_16.

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Hong, Ziyue, and Xiangdong Yang. "Internet Shopping Willingness Based on Internet Information Technology." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 939–45. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4775-9_120.

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Markham, Julian E. "Price, Convenience, Electronic Retailing and the Internet Store." In The Future of Shopping, 195–206. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14797-7_18.

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Cawsey, Alison, and Rick Dewar. "Case-Study: A Simple Shopping Site." In Internet Technology and e-Commerce, 147–59. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-05892-8_9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Internet shopping"

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Atchariyachanvanich, Kanokwan, and Noboru Sonehara. "Trust perception in internet shopping." In the 10th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1409540.1409552.

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Lee, Ook, and Mikyung Kim. "Internet and doctor shopping behavior." In Proceeding of the 2009 international workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1499224.1499289.

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Dorronsoro, Bernabe, Johnatan Pecero, Jedrzej Musial, and Jacek Blazewicz. "Internet Shopping Optimization Project (IShOP)." In European IST Projects - The Quest for Excellence Towards 2020. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006144400160033.

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Su, Bo-chiuan. "Risk behavior of Internet shopping." In the 5th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/948005.948029.

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Cheung, Christy M. K., and Matthew K. O. Lee. "Consumer satisfaction with internet shopping." In the 7th international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1089551.1089612.

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Choo, Song Poh, and Agnes Lai Jing Xin. "Investigation on interest of internet shopping via Bayesian network." In THE 4TH INNOVATION AND ANALYTICS CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION (IACE 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5121088.

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Zhao, Zhojun, and Jairo Gutierrez. "Customer Service Factors Influencing Internet Shopping in New Zealand." In InSITE 2004: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2837.

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Recent e-commerce failures caused by poor e-customer service have motivated many researchers to explore the factors that influence e-customer service quality, which leads to business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce success. The research reported in this paper explored the perceptions of a group of New Zealand e-customers and e-users about e-customer service and the influence of their perceptions on their attitudes towards Internet shopping. The study findings strongly indicate e-customers are only moderately satisfied with current e-customer service. Conversely, New Zealand e-users (i.e.: not yet “customers”) are discouraged from using the Internet for shopping due to issues such as credit card security, resistance to change, lack of physicality, hard-to-trust online vendors, and the perceived insecurity of payment systems. The study found that the motivators to Internet shopping are: goods returns and refunds policy, privacy protection, timely online service, ease of use, help and support facilities. Based on these findings, some recommendations on e-customer service for Internet shopping are presented.
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Kalburan, Çetin, and Selçuk Burak Haşıloğlu. "Consumers' Perceived Risks and Risk Reduction Efforts in Internet Shopping." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c06.01432.

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Becoming widespread of Internet increases share of electronic commerce (E-commerce) in the economy each passing day. Therefore, analysis of the behaviors of consumers who are shopping on the Internet has become more important for companies. Consumers have more or less risk perception because of possible problems they may face in the post-shopping. Usually, consumers make an effort to reduce this risk. These efforts to reduce risk play a key role between perceived risk and perceived benefit. On the other hand, perceived risk and risk reduction methods vary on the Internet in comparison to traditional commerce. From this point of view, in this study, for online shopping, the relationships between perceived risk and risk reduction variables were investigated on the basis of the different products.
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Liu, Xiao-bin, and Ming-qing Qiu. "The Research of Internet Shopping Customer Value Model." In 2010 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icee.2010.111.

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Sutagundar, Ashok, Masuda Ettinamani, and Ameenabegum Attar. "Iot Based Smart Shopping Mall." In 2018 Second International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgciot.2018.8752971.

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Reports on the topic "Internet shopping"

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Jacobsen, Nils. Linjebussens vekst og fall i den voksende byen: en studie av bybussenes geografiske kvalitet Stavanger – Sandnes 1920 – 2010. University of Stavanger, November 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31265/usps.244.

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Abstract:
Linear city bus services are facing increased challenges from city growth. Increased number of inhabitants on increasing acres of built-up areas, makes it demanding to maintain adequate bus services within reasonable catchment areas. Number of departures per hour give a partial description of the bus service quality. Number of departures give reference to the time aspect of bus service quality, but say nothing about the geographical aspect. What part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service when frequencies are limited? To address the geographical aspect of bus service quality, the term network ratio is introduced. The term Network Ratio (NR) signifies what part of the entire line network is within reach of direct bus service to or from a certain place in the network. Network Ratio is given as a mathematical term whereby direct bus lines are calculated as a percentage of the entire network. The character and development of Network Ratio in a specific city is illustrated through an analysis of the urban growth of line network and built-up areas in the twin cities of Stavanger and Sandnes. The analysis is covering the period 1920 – 2000 in intervals of 20 years from the first bus lines were established in the urban area. Year 2010 is also included due to major changes implemented right after the turn of the millennium. Development show there is a close relation between bus network and built-up areas. When areas are being built, bus lines follow. The initial fase 1920 – 40 with extensive development of bus lines combined with some areal growth, is followed by a fase of consolidation 1940 – 60. The latter period is characterized by moderate areal growth, extended lines reducing network ratios, and increasing frequencies on the best bus lines. Extensive areal growth in the following period 1960 – 80, implies increased number of bus lines. As a consequence network ratios as well as frequencies are falling in the entire network. In 1960 certain lines had developed as much as 6 departures per hour, while maximum bus line frequency in 1980 has diminished to 2. New bus service development is introduced in the following period between 1980 and 2000. Numerous bus companies are united, and a more comprehensive planning of bus services are applied. The number of bus lines is stabilized at about 40, the fall in network ratio is reduced, and certain lines develop 4 departures per hour. Parallell to the bus development, growth of built-up areas is slowing down due to increased urban renewal with higher densities within built-up areas. In the period 2000 – 2010 new efforts are given to the development of bus services. Development of Network Ratio takes a new direction: The length of network links with high NR is increasing, while links with very low NR are diminishing. Number of bus lines is decreasing, and by 2010 almost 50% of the bus lines are served with 4 departures or more. Passenger comfort is improved in buses as well as on bus stops, and low floor buses are introduced to ease accessibility. Bus service quality is further developed after 2010. Digital services are introduced including digital ticketing, bus service information and real-time information on internet. In addition real-time information is presented at high frequency bus stops through visual screen and auditory speaker. Inside the buses name of next stop is given on screen and through loudspeaker. Further development of the bus services, should include improved Network Ratios in the entire network, as well as increased frequencies on major bus corridors. The latter is a task not only for the bus service planners, but just as well for the city planners and politicians in collaboration with the developers implementing urban density and allocation of important destinations. A last, but not least, objective for bus service development will be to improve punctuality and total travel time. Today a considerable proportion of city bus services are delayed in car traffic congestions. This is occurring especially on main streets and during rush hours. A set of different solutions are needed to address this question: 1. Dedicated bus streets (including car access to limited addresses) 2. Bus lines through local streets in concentrated housing, office and shopping areas. 3. Dedicated bus lane on main streets where possible. 4. Car traffic regulations on main streets without space for extra bus lane. As an overall vision, we need to cultivate the word of Flemming Larsen: urban growth as pearls on a string, as shown in fig. 13 and fig. 14.
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