Journal articles on the topic 'Internet searching – Statistical methods'
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Ibrahim, Hamza Awad Hamza, Omer Radhi A. L. Zuobi, Awad M. Abaker, and Musab B. Alzghoul. "A Hybrid Online Classifier System for Internet Traffic Based on Statistical Machine Learning Approach and Flow Port Number." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 12113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112412113.
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Internet traffic classification is a beneficial technique in the direction of intrusion detection and network monitoring. After several years of searching, there are still many open problems in Internet traffic classification. The hybrid classifier combines more than one classification method to identify Internet traffic. Using only one method to classify Internet traffic poses many risks. In addition, an online classifier is very important in order to manage threats on traffic such as denial of service, flooding attack and other similar threats. Therefore, this paper provides some information to differentiate between real and live internet traffic. In addition, this paper proposes a hybrid online classifier (HOC) system. HOC is based on two common classification methods, port-base and ML-base. HOC is able to perform an online classification since it can identify live Internet traffic at the same time as it is generated. HOC was used to classify three common Internet application classes, namely web, WhatsApp and Twitter. HOC produces more than 90% accuracy, which is higher than any individual classifiers.
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Potkány, Marek, and Alexandra Hajduková. "Social Networks and their Importance in Job Searching of College Students." Verslas: Teorija ir Praktika 16, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2015.462.
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At present, in every sphere of human activity, using modern ICT is considered as a matter of course. Several human resources management institutions are aware of the potential of social networks in estabilishing and building relationships with their target groups. It is a trend to create job portals in social networks. These are currently an integrated part of communication with target audience and therefore also an objects of attention and reflexions. It is also the topic of this paper. The goal of this research is to determine the level of use of social networks by college students in Slovakia. Part of the research is also to discover the effect of social networks on job searching of a selected sample of students. The research was conducted on a sample of 407 slovak students. A questioning method in form of an online questionnaire was used. The obtained results were processed using methods of descriptive and test statistics. We studied the significance of gender on the frequency of using the internet to search for job opportunities via social networks, as well as the ability to apprehend the importance of personal presentation on social networks. The statistical testing did not prove any significant difference between men and women in the question of frequency of using internet to search for job opportunities, nor in the ability to apprehend the importance of personal presentation on social networks. A statistically significant difference in gender was proven only in case of using social networks in job searching. Women tend to use social networks to find jobs more often than men. These statements are proved by the results of tests of significance of mean changes at the 5% significance level, which means that they are valid with 95% probability.
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Elovici, Yuval, Chanan Glezer, and Bracha Shapira. "Enhancing customer privacy while searching for products and services on the world wide web." Internet Research 15, no. 4 (September 1, 2005): 378–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662240510615164.
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PurposeTo propose a model of a privacy‐enhanced catalogue search system (PECSS) in an attempt to address privacy threats to consumers, who search for products and services on the world wide web.Design/methodology/approachThe model extends an agent‐based architecture for electronic catalogue mediation by supplementing it with a privacy enhancement mechanism. This mechanism introduces fake queries into the original stream of user queries, in an attempt to reduce the similarity between the actual interests of users (“internal user profile”) and the interests as observed by potential eavesdroppers on the web (“external user profile”). A prototype was constructed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the model.FindingsThe evaluation of the model indicates that, by generating five fake queries per each original user query, the user's profile is hidden most effectively from any potential eavesdropper. Future research is needed to identify the optimal glossary of fake queries for various clients. The model also should be tested against various attacks perpetrated against the mixed stream of original and fake queries (i.e. statistical clustering).Research limitations/implicationsThe model's feasibility was evaluated through a prototype. It was not empirically tested against various statistical methods used by intruders to reveal the original queries.Practical implicationsA useful architecture for electronic commerce providers, internet service providers (ISP) and individual clients who are concerned with their privacy and wish to minimize their dependencies on third‐party security providers.Originality/valueThe contribution of the PECSS model stems from the fact that, as the internet gradually transforms into a non‐free service, anonymous browsing cannot be employed any more to protect consumers' privacy, and therefore other approaches should be explored. Moreover, unlike other approaches, our model does not rely on the honesty of any third mediators and proxies that are also exposed to the interests of the client. In addition, the proposed model is scalable as it is installed on the user's computer.
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Kerneža, Maja, and Metka Kordigel Aberšek. "ONLINE READING IN DIGITAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 80, no. 6 (December 25, 2022): 836–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/22.80.836.
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Learning environments and teaching methods have been constantly changing over the past decades. As the shift in the learning environment is primarily toward a physical to an online learning environment, this study examines how to enable younger students to select appropriate content for learning in digital learning environments that they can then successfully read and evaluate using appropriate strategies. The study is based on 54 in-depth case studies. Using the Internet reciprocal teaching method (IRT), 54 implementers trained 54 primary school students from first to fifth grade in basic computer skills, Internet information searching, and website navigation, as well as analysing data obtained using the TICA Phase 1, 2, and 3 Checklists, the implementers' report, and the children notes in a text editor. Triangulation of the data in combination with selected statistical methods shows that there are differences in the use of the method between students according to age. While the latter can use an unadopted form of the method, younger students need some adjustments, which are suggested in the light of previous research. Keywords: digital literacy, e-reading, primary school, internet reciprocal teaching, online learning
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GAUTAMA, H., and A. J. C. VAN GEMUND. "SYMBOLIC PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION OF SPECULATIVE PARALLEL PROGRAMS." Parallel Processing Letters 13, no. 04 (December 2003): 513–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626403001471.
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Speculative parallelism refers to searching in parallel for a solution, such as finding a pattern in a data base, where finding the first solution terminates the whole parallel process. Different performance prediction methods are required as compared to traditional parallelism. In this paper we introduce an analytical approach to predict the execution time distribution of data-dependent parallel programs that feature N-ary and binary speculative parallel compositions. The method is based on the use of statistical moments which allows program execution time distribution to be approximated at O(1) solution complexity. Measurement results for synthetic distributions indicate an accuracy that lies in the percent range while for empirical distributions on internet search engines the prediction accuracy is acceptable, provided sufficient workload unimodality.
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Yin, Rong, and David M. Neyens. "Online Health Resource Use by Individuals With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Analysis Using the National Health Interview Survey." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 9 (September 24, 2020): e15352. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15352.
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Background The internet has enabled convenient and efficient health information searching which is valuable for individuals with chronic conditions requiring some level of self-management. However, there is little research evaluating what factors may impact the use of the internet for health-related tasks for specific clinical populations, such as individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases. Objective Our goal was to investigate the factors that influence internet use in acquiring health information by individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases. Specifically, we identified factors associated with internet searching behavior and using the internet for completing health-related tasks. Methods We used 2016 National Health Interview Survey weighted data to develop logistic regression models to predict the likelihood that individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases would use the internet for 2 types of tasks: seeking health information through online searches and using the internet to perform health-related tasks including scheduling appointments and emailing care providers. Results 2016 National Health Interview Survey weighted data include more than 3 million weighted adult respondents with inflammatory bowel diseases (approximately 1.29% of adults in the weighted data set). Our results suggest that approximately 66.3% of those with inflammatory bowel diseases reported using the internet at least once a day, and approximately 14.7% reported being dissatisfied with their current health care. About 62.3% of those with inflammatory bowel diseases reported that they had looked up health information online, 16.3% of those with inflammatory bowel diseases reported that they had scheduled an appointment with a health care provider online, and 21.6% reported having used a computer to communicate with a health provider by email. We found that women who were self-regulating their care were more likely to look up health information online than others. Both middle-aged and older adults with inflammatory bowel diseases who were unsatisfied with their current health care were less likely to look up health information online. Frequent internet users who were worried about medical costs were more likely to look up health information online. Similarly, the results from our statistical models suggest that individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases who were frequent internet users were more likely to use the internet for specific health-related tasks. Additionally, women with inflammatory bowel diseases who reported being married were less likely to use the internet for specific health-related tasks. Conclusions For those with inflammatory bowel diseases, there are additional socioeconomic and behavioral factors that impact the use of the internet for health information and health-related tasks. Future research should evaluate how these factors moderate the use of the internet and identify how online resources can support clinical populations in ways that improve access to information, support health self-management, and subsequently improve health outcomes.
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Fedorchenko, Elena, Evgenia Novikova, Igor Kotenko, Diana Gaifulina, Olga Tushkanova, Dmitry Levshun, Alexey Meleshko, Ivan Murenin, and Maxim Kolomeec. "THE SECURITY AND PRIVACY MEASURING SYSTEM FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICES." Voprosy kiberbezopasnosti, no. 5(51) (2022): 28–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21681/2311-3456-2022-5-28-46.
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The purpose of the article: elimination of the gap in existing need in the set of clear and objective security and privacy metrics for the IoT devices users and manufacturers and an absence of such a set incorporating the interconnected security and privacy metrics, the algorithms for their calculation and generation of the integral clear and objective score by the development of the security and privacy measuring system for the IoT devices. Research method: theoretical and system analysis for determination and classification of the security and privacy metrics, semantic analysis for generating of the semantic model of personal data processing scenarios, analytical modeling methods for generating of the attack traces, log analysis methods, statistical methods and machine learning methods for searching of the anomalies in device behavior, development of the database and software implementing the proposed security and privacy measuring system. The result obtained: the security and privacy measuring system for the IoT devices users and manufacturers is proposed. The proposed system allows automated calculation of the security and privacy metrics based on the available data on the device and generation of the integral security and privacy score. The hierarchy of security and privacy metrics is developed in the scope of the proposed system. The proposed metrics are calculated using static and dynamic data on the device and its behavior. Original algorithms for calculation of the outlined metrics are developed, including the algorithms for calculation of the integral security and privacy score. The architecture of the security measuring system is developed. It integrates the components implementing the developed algorithms for metrics calculation. The system operation is demonstrated on the case study. The area of use of the proposed approach - the developed security and privacy measuring system can be used by the IoT devices manufacturers to analyse their security and privacy, and to provide the users with simple and clear security and privacy metrics. Novelty: the hierarchy of static and dynamic security and privacy metrics for the Internet of Things is developed; the approach to security and privacy assessment for the Internet of Things on the basis of the developed metrics and available data is proposed; novel algorithms for metrics calculation are developed; novel algorithms for integral metrics calculation considering available data are developed. Contribution: Fedorchenko E. – development of the approach, metrics hierarchy, and system architecture, problem statement for the components and their development, Novikova E. – the component for calculation of privacy risks, the component for calculation of integral risk scores, Kotenko I. – project management, problem statement, system architecture, Gaifulina D. – the component for event logs processing and integration, Tushkanova O., Murenin I. – the component for calculation of the dynamic risks score using statistical methods and machine learning, Levshun D. – metrics database, the component for calculation of the static risk score, Meleshko A. – the component for readability assessment, Kolomeets M. – the component for privacy risks assessment on the basis of *.apk files, the component for the dynamic risk score calculation considering attacks traces. All authors participated in the writing of the article.
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Salbach, Nancy M., Susan B. Jaglal, Nicol Korner-Bitensky, Susan Rappolt, and Dave Davis. "Practitioner and Organizational Barriers to Evidence-based Practice of Physical Therapists for People With Stroke." Physical Therapy 87, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 1284–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20070040.
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Background and Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify practitioner barriers (education, attitudes and beliefs, interest and perceived role, and self-efficacy) and organizational barriers (perceived support and resources) to physical therapists’ implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) for people with stroke. Subjects The participants were 270 physical therapists providing services to people with stroke in Ontario, Canada. Methods A cross-sectional mail survey was conducted. Results Only half of respondents had learned the foundations of EBP in their academic preparation or received training in searching or appraising research literature. Although 78% agreed that research findings are useful, 55% agreed that a divide exists between research and practice. Almost all respondents were interested in learning EBP skills; however, 50% indicated that physical therapists should not be responsible for conducting literature reviews. Average self-efficacy ratings were between 50% and 80% for searching and appraising the literature and below 50% for critically appraising psychometric properties and understanding statistical analyses. Despite Internet access at work for 80% of respondents, only 8% were given protected work time to search and appraise the literature. Discussion and Conclusion Lack of education, negative perceptions about research and physical therapists’ role in EBP, and low self-efficacy to perform EBP activities represent barriers to implementing EBP for people with stroke that can be addressed through continuing education. Organizational provision of access to Web-based resources is likely insufficient to enhance research use by clinicians.
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MIŠČENKO, Olga. "The Importance of a Teacher in a Distance Education and the Progressive Methods of Teaching in a Virtual Learning Environment." Coactivity: Philology, Educology 22, no. 2 (December 19, 2014): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cpe.2014.241.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of the first work years of teaching the students, who study by distance, to compare other authors’ experience and to examine the advantages of Moodle virtual learning environment (VLE), searching for new applications of it. The relevance of e-learning is noted. It is affirmed that metacognitive learning strategies are typical for learning foreign languages in virtual environment. It is said that the Internet is a tool that ensures studies by distance. It is said that raising the qualification and learning by distance allows a responsible employee to improve foreign language skills while lifelong learning. VLE adaptability for teaching and studying English is being discussed. It is stated that the Internet conditions all types of methods in the virtual environment, application, and its existence expands and deepens the learning approach. In the paper it is claimed that the Moodle VLE function is to improve the learning process to ensure a high level of expertise and the objectivity of assessment. Studying in conventional way and in the virtual environment are briefly compared. Moodle virtual learning environment application objectives to learning outcomes, emphasizing the importance of the traditional teaching methods, the student’s responsibility to call attention to the learning process and system characteristics are defined. It is noted that learning in the virtual environment is based on the principles of epistemology, therefore the Moodle system meets the didactic tasks. The virtual learning environment possibilities ensure a very good feedback and increase students’ motivation, and, consequently, that provides better knowledge. It is emphasized that while teaching by distance, the teacher’s responsibility, his role in the development of educational material and the course tasks have increased. Some specific cases for various forms of studies and exercises to perform in the Moodle e-system are given. Some statistical data demonstrate the improvement of the quality of knowledge due to the Moodle system application for training foreign language.
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Malykh, O. E., and A. F. Khurmatullina. "ASSESSMENT OF LABOR RESOURCES AND EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE IN THE MILLION-PLUS CITIES OF RUSSIA." Social & labor researches 46, no. 1 (2022): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34022/2658-3712-2022-46-1-55-63.
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The object of the study is municipalities with a population of more than 1 million people (million-plus cities). The aim of the article is to prepare a methodology for assessing labor resources and the employment structure in the context of large cities of the Russian Federation. The authors use the following methods: statistical analysis, aggregation and normalization of private indicators, analysis of scientific literature, analysis of materials provided by the regions of the Russian Federation, and Internet sources. The result of the study is the assessment of the state and identification of factors affecting labor resources and the employment structure in Russian million-plus cities, as well as the preparation of methodological recommendations for public authorities of the Russian regions on the regulation of labor resources and the employment structure in large cities of the Russian Federation. The scope of application of the research results — the materials of the scientific study may be used by federal and regional executive authorities that carry out the functions of developing and implementing the state employment policy, when searching for reserves to improve the organizational mechanism of indirect impact on the labor market of large cities, as well as preparing proposals to increase the stability of labor markets in Russia’s million-plus cities to external influences.
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Amsallem, E., M. Haugh, B. Lukacs, V. Leroux, B. Thirion, J. Weber, J. P. Boissel, and S. J. Darmoni. "Level of Evidence as a Future Gold Standard for the Content Quality of Health Resources on the Internet." Methods of Information in Medicine 42, no. 03 (2003): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634354.
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Summary Objective: An assessment of the quality of health information on the Internet is an absolute necessity. In this study ‘sensitive’ information was defined as information found in documents published on the Internet, which could be used in a medical decision. For sensitive information, the main criterion chosen for the quality of the information was an indication of the level of evidence. A survey was conducted using the CISMeF health catalogue to assess how often a score of the level of evidence is mentioned in the information accessible on the Internet in French-language health resources. Methods: Since 1999, members of the CISMeF team have systematically been searching for all documents containing ‘sensitive’ information and verifying whether the level of evidence was explicitly indicated as a score at least once in the document. Results: As of June 2001, 10,190 resources were included in CISMeF; including 2964 textual ‘sensitive’ resources (29.1%). Out of all these resources, only 4.7% (95% confidence interval: 4.0 - 5.5%) indicated the level of evidence. A statistically significant difference in the prevalence of indicating the level of evidence according to resource types (e.g., 18.1% for guidelines compared to 0.0% for teaching material), year of publication (almost three times greater in 1997-2001 compared with 1990-1996) and publishers was observed. Conclusion: As the number of people accessing the growing amount of information on the Internet is increasing daily, publishers have an ethical obligation to inform their readers about the validity of ‘sensitive’ information their sites contain. However, the vast majority of the French language Internet resources that were surveyed do not mention a score of the level of evidence for their sensitive information.
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Kwakernaak, Joyce, Just A. H. Eekhof, Margot W. M. De Waal, Elisabeth A. M. Barenbrug, and Niels H. Chavannes. "Patients’ Use of the Internet to Find Reliable Medical Information About Minor Ailments: Vignette-Based Experimental Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 21, no. 11 (November 11, 2019): e12278. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/12278.
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Background Little is known about the exact process of how patients search for medical information on the internet and what they retrieve. There is especially a paucity of literature on browsing for information on minor ailments, a term used for harmless diseases that are very common in the general population and thus have a significant impact on health care. Objective This vignette-based experimental study aimed to explore what kind of Web-based search strategies are applied and how search strategies, demographic characteristics, and the quality of the visited websites relate to finding the right diagnosis. Additional goals were to describe how searching on the Web influences one’s perception of the severity of the potential diagnosis and whether or not the participants would discuss the information they found on the internet with their doctors. Methods Out of 1372 survey participants, 355 were randomly sampled, and 155 of them were recruited and assigned to one of four clinical scenarios. Each search term they used was classified as one of three search strategies: (1) hypothesis testing, (2) narrowing within the general hypothesis area, and (3) symptom exploration. The quality of the websites used was determined by using the DISCERN instrument. To compare the diagnostic accuracy of the participants before and after the internet search, a McNemar test was used. Chi-square tests were used to describe which factors are related to the chosen search strategy. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was constructed to predict which factors are related to finding a sound diagnosis after searching the internet for health information. Results Most participants (65.8%, 102/155) used the symptom exploration strategy. However, this depends on the assigned scenario (P<.001) and the self-estimated severity score of the symptoms before the internet search (P=.001). A significant relation was found between choosing an accurate diagnosis and age (odds ratio [OR] 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.98) and the clinical scenario, as well as the use of high-quality websites (OR 7.49, 95% CI 1.85 to 30.26). Browsing the internet did not lead to a statistically significant change in participants’ beliefs about the severity of the condition (McNemar test, P=.85). Most participants (65%) shared their retrieved information with their physician and most of them (75%) received a positive response. Conclusions Our findings suggest that most patients use a symptom-based approach; however, if patients expect the potential diagnosis to be severe, they tend to use a hypothesis verification strategy more often and are therefore prone to certain forms of bias. In addition, self-diagnosing accuracy is related to younger age, the symptom scenario, and the use of high-quality websites. We should find ways to guide patients toward search strategies and websites that may more likely lead to accurate decision making.
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Mulyukova, K. V., and V. M. Kureichik. "The problem of analysis of big web data and the use of data mining technology for processing and searching patterns in big web data on a practical example." Open Education 23, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/1818-4243-2019-2-42-49.
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The purpose of the work is to study the current problems and prospects of the solution for processing big data received or stored in the Internet (web data), as well as the possibility of practical realization of Data Mining technology for big web data on practical example. Materials and methods. The study included a review of bibliographic sources on big data analysis problems.Data Mining technology was used to analyze large web data, as well as computer modeling of a practical problem using the C # programming language and creating a DDL database structure for accumulating web data.Results. In the course of the work, the specifics of big data were described, the main characteristics of big data were highlighted, and modern approaches to processing big data were analyzed. A brief description of the horizontal-scalable architecture and the BI-solution architecture for big data processing is given. The problems of processing large web data are formulated: limiting the speed of access to data, providing access via network protocols through general-purpose networks.An example showing the approach to processing large web data was also implemented. Based on the idea of big data, the described complexities of web data processing and the methods of Data Mining, techniques were proposed for effectively solving the practical problem of processing and searching patterns in a large data array.The following classes have been developed in the C # programming language:Class of receiving web data via the Internet; Data conversion class;Intelligent data processing class;Created DDL script that creates a structure for the accumulation of web data.A single UML class diagram has been developed.The constructed system of data and classes allows to solve the main part of the problems of processing large web data and perform intelligent processing using Data Mining technology in order to solve the problem posed of identifying certain records in a large array. The combination of object-oriented approach, neural networks and BI-analysis to filter data will speed up the process of data processing and obtaining the result of the studyConclusion. According to the results of the study, it can be argued that the current state of technology for analyzing large web data allows you to efficiently process data objects, identify patterns, get hidden data and get full-fledged statistical data.The obtained results can be used both for the purpose of the initial study of big data processing technologies, and as a basis for developing an already real application for analyzing web data. The use of neural networks and the created universal classes-handlers makes the created architecture flexible and self-learning, and the class declarations and the base DDL structure will greatly simplify the development of program code.
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Hannigan, Gale G. "Risk Profile May Affect Search Process but Not Results." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 4 (December 7, 2007): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b81036.
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Objective – To compare the use, in terms of process and outcomes, of electronic information resources by primary care physicians with different risk profiles and comfort with uncertainty.
Design – Survey, and observation using “think-aloud” method.
Setting – Physicians’ offices.
Subjects – Canadian and U.S. primary care physicians who report seeing patients in clinic settings.
Methods – Volunteers were recruited from personal contacts and the list of physicians who rate current studies for the McMaster Online Rating of Evidence (MORE) project. Physicians completed the Pearson scale to measure attitude toward risk and the Gerrity scale to measure comfort with uncertainty, and those who scored at the extremes of each of these two scales were included in the study (n=25), resulting in four groups (risk-seeking, risk-avoiding, uncertainty-stressed, uncertainty-unstressed). One researcher observed each of these physicians in their offices for an hour during which they completed questionnaires about their computer skills and familiarity with resources, answered multiple-choice clinical questions, and indicated level of certainty with regard to those answers (scale of 0 to 100%). Physicians also chose two of the clinical questions to answer using their own resources. The think-aloud method was employed, and transcripts were coded and analyzed.
Main results – The study analysis included two comparisons: risk-seeking (11 subjects) versus risk-avoiding (11 subjects) physicians, and uncertainty-stressed (11 subjects) versus uncertainty-unstressed (10 subjects) physicians. Most physicians were included in both sets of analyses. The researchers found no association of risk attitude and uncertainty stress with computer skills nor with familiarity and use of specific information resources (Internet, MEDLINE, PIER, Clinical Evidence, and UpToDate). No differences were found for the following outcomes: time spent searching, answers correct before searching, answers correct after searching, and certainty of answer if answer is right, certainty of answer if answer is wrong. There was a statistically significant association of participants’ indicating certainty for answers that were correct versus those that were not correct (p
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Mitsuhashi, Toshiharu. "Effects of two-week e-learning on eHealth literacy: a randomized controlled trial of Japanese Internet users." PeerJ 6 (July 13, 2018): e5251. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5251.
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Background The Internet is widely used as a source of information by people searching for medical or healthcare information. However, information found on the Internet has several drawbacks, and the ability to consume accurate health information on the Internet (eHealth literacy) is increasingly important. This study’s goal was to clarify the extent to which eHealth literacy is improved after e-learning in a randomized controlled trial. Methods Data were collected on 301 Japanese adults through an online survey. Participants were assigned to the intervention (e-learning about eHealth literacy) group or the control group in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group included 148 participants, and 153 participants were in the control group. The participants provided information at baseline on demographic characteristics, self-rated health, and frequency of Internet searching. The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), which was the main measure of eHealth literacy, and data on secondary outcomes (the Healthy Eating Literacy Scale and skill for evaluating retrieved search results) were obtained at baseline and at follow-up. The score difference was calculated by subtracting the score at baseline from the score at follow-up. Linear regression analysis and multinomial regression analysis were performed using the differences in score as the dependent variables and the intervention as the explanatory variable. Intention-to-treat analysis was employed. Results The results from participants who responded to all of the questions both times were analyzed (134 in the intervention group and 148 in the control group). eHEALS increased 1.57 points due to the intervention effect (Δ score change = 1.57; 95% CI [0.09–3.05]; p = 0.037). Skills for evaluating retrieved search results improved more in the intervention group than in the control group (relative risk ratio = 2.47; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.33, 4.59; p = 0.004). There were no large differences at baseline between the intervention and control groups in the eHEALS, Healthy Eating Literacy scale, or skill for evaluating retrieved search results. However, at follow-up, the intervention group had improved more than the control group on both the eHEALS and skill for evaluating retrieved search results. Discussion eHealth literacy improved after the e-learning, as evidenced by the change to the eHEALS scores and increased skill for evaluating retrieved search results. There was no significant effect of e-learning, which did not include content on healthy eating, on the Healthy Eating Literacy Scale scores. This indicates that scores did not increase much due to effects other than e-learning, as is sometimes seen with the Hawthorne effect. Although it was statistically significant, the effect size was small. Therefore, future research is necessary to verify the clinical implications. In sum, this study suggests that e-learning is an effective way to improve eHealth literacy.
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Ozduran, Erkan, and Sibel Büyükçoban. "Evaluating the readability, quality and reliability of online patient education materials on post-covid pain." PeerJ 10 (July 20, 2022): e13686. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13686.
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Background The use of the Internet to access healthcare-related information is increasing day by day. However, there are concerns regarding the reliability and comprehensibility of this information. This study aimed to investigate the readability, reliability, and quality of Internet-based patient educational materials (PEM) related to “post-COVID-19 pain.” Methods One-hundred websites that fit the purposes of the study were identified by searching for the terms “post-COVID-19 pain” and “pain after COVID-19” using the Google search engine on February 24, 2022. The website readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES), Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), and Gunning FOG (GFOG). The reliability, quality, and popularity of the websites were assessed using the JAMA score, DISCERN score/Health on the Net Foundation code of conduct, and Alexa, respectively. Results Upon investigation of the textual contents, the mean FRES was 51.40 ± 10.65 (difficult), the mean FKGL and SMOG were 10.93 ± 2.17 and 9.83 ± 1.66 years, respectively, and the mean GFOG was 13.14 ± 2.16 (very difficult). Furthermore, 24.5% of the websites were highly reliable according to JAMA scores, 8% were of high quality according to GQS values, and 10% were HONcode-compliant. There was a statistically significant difference between the website types and reliability (p = 0.003) and quality scores (p = 0.002). Conclusion The readability level of PEM on post-COVID-19 pain was considerably higher than grade 6 educational level, as recommended by the National Institutes of Health, and had low reliability and poor quality. We suggest that Internet-based PEM should have a certain degree of readability that is in accordance with the educational level of the general public and feature reliable content.
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GÜNDÜZ BAŞÇIL, Seda, and Sevinç MEŞE. "Determining the interest in pain and analgesic during and before the covid-19 pandemic period using google trends data: an infodemiological study." Journal of Contemporary Medicine 12, no. 6 (November 30, 2022): 949–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.16899/jcm.1169863.
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Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the public's interest in pain and painkillers using Google search activity in countries with the most cases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2018 - December 2021).
Methods: United States (USA), England, France, Germany, Italy, India, Spain, Russia, Brazil and Turkey, which are the countries where the Covid 19 epidemic was most intense, were determined along with the world for the analysis. The words of "Back pain", "Chest pain", "Headache", "Knee pain", "Sore throat", "Aspirin", "Ibufren" and "Paracetamol" were written into the Google Trend search engine. RapidMiner Analysis program and Microsoft Excel program were used in the statistical analysis of the data. Correlation tests were used to determine the strength of the relationship between pain regions and drugs.
Results: The terms fo "ibuprofen", "aspirin", "paracetamol" peaked in Google searches on March 15, 2020. The search frequencies of the terms of sore throat, chest pain, and headache peaked worldwide between March 15, 2020 and March 22, 2020. The strong correlations were obtained, ranging from 0.627 to 0.901 for chest pain and headache terms, and 0.629 to 0.749 for ibuprofen and paracetamol terms.
Conclusion: As a result of the research, it is seen that the frequency of searching for pain and analgesics has increased significantly during the COVID-19 period. Our data can be considered as an indicative of the increasing incidence of pain with the COVID-19 pandemic, since internet searches are a proxy for the public good.
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Han, Lei, Yanru Zhan, Weizi Li, Yuqing Xu, Yan Xu, and Jinzhe Zhao. "Associations Between the Perceived Severity of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Cyberchondria, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, and Lockdown Experience: Cross-sectional Survey Study." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 9 (September 16, 2021): e31052. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31052.
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Background The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused great panic among the public, with many people suffering from adverse stress reactions. To control the spread of the pandemic, governments in many countries have imposed lockdown policies. In this unique pandemic context, people can obtain information about pandemic dynamics on the internet. However, searching for health-related information on the internet frequently increases the possibility of individuals being troubled by the information that they find, and consequently, experiencing symptoms of cyberchondria. Objective We aimed to examine the relationships between people’s perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and their depression, anxiety, and stress to explore the role of cyberchondria, which, in these relationship mechanisms, is closely related to using the internet. In addition, we also examined the moderating role of lockdown experiences. Methods In February 2020, a total of 486 participants were recruited through a web-based platform from areas in China with a large number of infections. We used questionnaires to measure participants’ perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, to measure the severity of their cyberchondria, depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, and to assess their lockdown experiences. Confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis, common method bias, descriptive statistical analysis, and correlation analysis were performed, and moderated mediation models were examined. Results There was a positive association between perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and depression (β=0.36, t=8.51, P<.001), anxiety (β=0.41, t=9.84, P<.001), and stress (β=0.46, t=11.45, P<.001), which were mediated by cyberchondria (β=0.36, t=8.59, P<.001). The direct effects of perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety (β=0.07, t=2.01, P=.045) and stress (β=0.09, t=2.75, P=.006) and the indirect effects of cyberchondria on depression (β=0.10, t=2.59, P=.009) and anxiety (β=0.10, t=2.50, P=.01) were moderated by lockdown experience. Conclusions The higher the perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, the more serious individuals’ symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. In addition, the associations were partially mediated by cyberchondria. Individuals with higher perceived severity of the COVID-19 pandemic were more likely to develop cyberchondria, which aggravated individuals’ depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. Negative lockdown experiences exacerbated the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on mental health.
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Saboorizadeh, Nasim, Mohammad Firoozabadi, and Niloofar Mohammadzadeh. "Factors Affecting Telemedicine Acceptance in Patients with Parkinson's Disease." Frontiers in Health Informatics 8, no. 1 (November 10, 2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/fhi.v8i1.158.
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Introduction: Many diseases require constant monitoring todays, and online communication with patients for timely intervention is necessary. In this study, based on the results of these studies, we investigated the factors affecting telemedicine admission in Parkinson's patients.Material and methods: This research was a descriptive survey. The tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire that was based on library and internet studies in valid databases such as Medline, Science direct (Elsevier), and searching for original research articles between 2000 and 2017. To search for keywords in the design of a telemedicine software, Parkinson's disease, Technology Acceptance Model in English-language databases.The questions were designed with the Likert spectrum. The validity of the questionnaire was assessed by the opinions of five experts. Content validity index was measured and item with CVI score higher than 0.79 was considered appropriate. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Statistical sample was determined using sample size determination method in two cities of Tehran and Shiraz. In this study, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used. SPSS software version 16 was used for data analysis. The final data analysis was done by modeling in Smart PLS version 3 softwareResults: For each t-statistic, the path between the two variables was examined, and the statistics whose magnitude was greater than 1.96, at a confidence level of 95%, considering the same path that represents the strength and power of the effect between the two variables, the research hypotheses were statistically and in sample. Examined. Of the 19 hypotheses considered for the adoption of the research technology model, 16 were accepted.Conclusion: Ease of use is one of the most influential factors on attitudes in Parkinson's patients in Iran. Technology anxiety is one of the most important factor that reduce the acceptance of portable smart systems. The Parkinson's patient user does not recognize recreation as a useful system, but the inclusion of educational content to promote health in the program will make Parkinson's patients more welcomed. If the software is prescribed by the therapist, its acceptance rate in Parkinson's patients will increase.
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Shilly, Steffi, Jane Lindahl, Dava Szalda, Caren Steinway, and Sophia Jan. "Quality of Online Health Information Regarding Sickle Cell Disease Transition." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 4719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-114975.
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Abstract Introduction: As modern medicine has decreased mortality rates of children with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), patients with SCD are living into adulthood and transitioning to adult care. However transition for these patients has proven to be a vulnerable time. Thus, it is important to prepare youth adequately for chronic care transition through expectations, knowledge, skills, efficacy, and support. The advancement of the Internet has provided patients a primary source to search and gather health-related knowledge. Internet usage is almost ubiquitous among American youth with 92% of them accessing the Internet regularly. Previous studies have shown a wide spectrum in the quality of information available on the Internet. Yet, to the best of our knowledge, a systematic review of online health information regarding transition of patients with SCD has not been conducted. Methods: Data were collected in December 2017 and January 2018 using the 5 search engines that have been identified as being most commonly utilized. Keywords were selected to represent phrases that people may use while searching for information on the Internet regarding SCD transition. Combinations of the keywords were used in the searches, and the first 20 links for each search term were considered in our study. Incognito window was used so that previous searches did not influence the results from the search engines. Websites that met the required inclusion/ exclusion criteria were included in this study. Websites were divided as SCD transition or non-SCD transition specific websites based on whether they mentioned sickle cell disease or not. Websites were classified as academic/educational institution, health department, hospital/private clinician, professional body, or other (includes Wiki, WebMD, and etc). Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) Score was used to evaluate website readability. A novel 12-item transition-specific content tool was produced to evaluate website content. Website quality was evaluated by assessing for the presence or absence of the HONcode certification and using the EQIP tool. A high quality website was defined as having an EQIP Score ≥ 75% in this study. Website quality and content was scored by two research assistants employed in the General Pediatrics department at Northwell Health. Statistical analysis was performed using Excel and online tools. A p-value <0.05 was the criterion for statistical significance. Results: Using the combination of keywords decided, 9522 websites were identified using the selected search engines. Of the 9522 websites, 157 eligible websites met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. 92 websites were SCD specific links and 65 websites were non-SCD specific links. 27 websites had a HONCode certification issued to them. Only 1 non-SCD website and 26 SCD specific websites had HONCode certifications. The average EQIP score was 59.0 ± 3.0. The average EQIP score for SCD specific websites was 56.9 ± 5.2 and was 61.1 ± 5.0 for non-SCD specific websites. Based on the cutoff value of an EQIP score ≥ 75%, 6 SCD specific websites and 13 non-SCD specific websites are of high quality. The interrater reliability in EQIP ratings was good (Pearson correlation: 0.660). The average FRE score was 49.0 ± 4.0. The average FRE score was 51.9 ± 13.7 for SCD specific websites and 46.1 ± 15.8 for non-SCD specific websites. The average website content score was 28.6 ± 10.7. The average website content score was 21.0 ± 7.1 for SCD specific websites and 36.1 ± 10.2 for non-SCD specific websites. The results of the two tailed t-test indicated that FRE scores between HONCode certified and non-HONCode certified websites were significant for among SCD websites as well as among combined SCD and non-SCD websites (p < 0.05). All identified websites will also be reviewed by two physicians who specialize in caring for young adults with chronic illnesses. Analyses from their review will be conducted prior to the conference. Conclusion: Although seeking health care information online is very common, the overall quality of information about sickle cell disease transition on the Internet is poor. Steps should be taken to make changes that will allow for adequate online healthcare information regarding sickle cell disease transition. By doing this, youth going through transition will be prepared by having competent expectations, knowledge, skills, efficacy, and support available on the Internet. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Nova, Monika. "Aging of population with trends in social development taken into account." SHS Web of Conferences 129 (2021): 09014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112909014.
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Research background: The issue of population aging, recently discussed across the entire society, has greatly affected all generations of the society. The aging is a long-term and natural process that governments should be ready to accommodate if they want to keep the demographic situation stable despite the increasing fertility and decreasing mortality of inhabitants. Purpose of the article: The resultant changes in population can be attributed primarily to better healthcare, to social and economic development and to new patterns of reproductive behavior. Developing countries have lately been experiencing a more rapid pace of population aging than the developed ones, where the process has had much longer history (United Nations, 2019). Methods: The paper aims to present newly found facts, to offer their wider context and, with the benefit of practical experience, to analyze, evaluate, argue and interpret the dynamics of population aging, while identifying its causes and effects. To accomplish the aim, the author has defined these milestones: searching and discussing relevant literature; characterizing major causes of population aging; defining indicators useful for measuring the process of aging; applying chosen demographic indicators to analyze trends in population aging; interpreting what can be considered “active” aging; and appraising the positive and negative aspects of population aging. Findings & Value added: The SWOT analysis, relying on information obtained from the current Internet and literary sources, has assessed the strengths and weaknesses of population aging together with the process´s opportunities and threats. The research method was chosen so that the found facts could be synthesized and abstracted. The text is based on statistical data and demographic prognoses of population aging, specifically on the World Population Prospect database administered by the United Nations.
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Delita, Fitra, Nurmala Berutu, Tumiar Sidauruk, Elfayetti Elfayetti, and Herdi Herdi. "MEASURING DIGITAL LITERACY SKILLS AMONG STUDENTS IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jg.v14i1.31234.
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Various digital-based learning media strongly support the quality of online learning. Digital media is essential in the learning process because it can package the material into more contextual, interesting audiovisual, reduces verbalism, and is more interactive. The primary purpose of this research was to measure the differences in digital literacy by comparing the digital learning media and PowerPoint media in online learning. The design of this study was a pretest-posttest group with a quasi-experimental method. Overall, 56 students in a senior high school in Senior High School 2 Percut Sei Tuan, Medan City, Sumatera Utara Province, served as participants in this study. Data were collected by questionnaires and structured interviews for digital literacy. Data analyses were mixed with the quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were analyzed statistically through independent samples t-test, and qualitative data were analyzed descriptively. Digital literacy data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. The results showed that the students' digital literacy using digital learning media was superior to those prepared using PowerPoint. Based on each aspect of digital literacy, namely, internet searching, understanding, and utilizing digital devices, hypertextual navigation, content evaluation, creating digital content, and communicating information, there were significant differences between groups on digital literacy competencies. All aspects of digital literacy in the experimental class were higher than in the control classKeywords: Digital Literacy, E-Learning, Learning Media
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Gunnell, David, Jane Derges, Shu-Sen Chang, and Lucy Biddle. "Searching for Suicide Methods." Crisis 36, no. 5 (September 2015): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000326.
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Abstract. Background: Helium gas suicides have increased in England and Wales; easy-to-access descriptions of this method on the Internet may have contributed to this rise. Aims: To investigate the availability of information on using helium as a method of suicide and trends in searching about this method on the Internet. Method: We analyzed trends in (a) Google searching (2004–2014) and (b) hits on a Wikipedia article describing helium as a method of suicide (2013–2014). We also investigated the extent to which helium was described as a method of suicide on web pages and discussion forums identified via Google. Results: We found no evidence of rises in Internet searching about suicide using helium. News stories about helium suicides were associated with increased search activity. The Wikipedia article may have been temporarily altered to increase awareness of suicide using helium around the time of a celebrity suicide. Approximately one third of the links retrieved using Google searches for suicide methods mentioned helium. Conclusion: Information about helium as a suicide method is readily available on the Internet; the Wikipedia article describing its use was highly accessed following celebrity suicides. Availability of online information about this method may contribute to rises in helium suicides.
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Dagnew, Baye, Henok Dagne, and Zewudu Andualem. "Self-Reported Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disturbance and Its Associated Factors among Medicine and Health Science Students at the University of Gondar." BioMed Research International 2020 (May 15, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1810836.
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Introduction. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream-enacting behavior (shouting, punching, and falling out of bed) related to unpleasant dreams and loss of normal rapid eye movement (REM) sleep muscle atonia. Rapid eye movement sleep enhances learning and memory by regulating neuronal synapses, and if it is undesirable, it can lead to cognitive impairment and poor academic performance and may end up with death. To the best of our searching databases, there is no such study conducted in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study is aimed at determining self-reported symptoms of RBD and its associated factors among the University of Gondar medicine and health science students (2019). Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study from June 1 to July 2019, among medicine and health science students at the University of Gondar using a simple random sampling technique. A self-reported RBD screening questionnaire was used to collect the data. We used Epi Info™ 7.0.8.3 and Stata 14 for data entry and statistical analyses, respectively. Descriptive statistics (frequency with percent and mean with standard deviation) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% uncertainty interval (UI) were computed. In a multivariable binary logistic regression, variables with a p<0.05 were declared as significant. Results. Three hundred and eighty-seven students took part in the study. The mean age of participants was 20.81 (±1.83) years. The prevalence of self-reported RBD was 46.25% [95% UI (41.26%-51.24)]. Physical exercise immediately before sleep (AOR=2.50, 95% UI (1.24-5.02)), using Facebook immediately before sleep (AOR=1.93, 95% UI (1.18-3.15)), having daytime sleepiness (AOR=1.92, 95% UI (1.16-3.19)), and self-reported depressive symptoms (AOR=2.40, 95% UI (1.45-3.99)) were significantly associated with self-reported RBD. Conclusion. The current study revealed a high prevalence of self-reported RBD. This remarkable problem suggested a need to design strategies to prevent RBD symptoms among university students through targeting screening of depression, daytime sleepiness, and adjusting bedtime routines such as physical exercise and internet use immediately before going to bed.
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D’yachkova, Olga N. "The ecosystem of a residential district: problems, development prospects." Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education] 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2021.3.1.
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Introduction. The problem of antagonistic contradiction between human life and the environment has been turning global along with the development of urbanization, breakthrough growth of the energy and technological potency of cities, leading to an increase in the consumption of natural resources and an impact on the biosphere. All over the world and in Russia, scientists are searching for environmentally friendly technologies for urban planning, housing and utilities sectors. However, the problem of analyzing and forecasting the state of ecosystems in residential areas and their influence on man and the environment remains unresolved and needs to be solved in many settlements. Materials and methods. The article analyzes the legal and regulatory documentation on design and construction, urban planning solutions for residential areas, architectural and structural solutions for apartment buildings, statistical and analytical reports on housing construction in Russia, presented on the Internet. Results. The proposed subjects for discussion include two concepts of the term “ecosystem”, results of the analysis of indicators of housing construction in Russia, indices of the quality of the urban environment in settlements, and a factor model used to assess the ecosystem of a residential area. A lifecycle model of a residential area, that represents a complex system, composed of capital construction facilities, linear facilities, landscaping and gardening, and waste management, is used as the basis for the generalization of well-known approaches, developed from the standpoint of the system analysis. Properties of interaction between facilities, on the one hand, facilities and the environment, on the other hand, are taken into account. Conclusions. Now residential housing is constructed faster, and urban areas, occupied by residential buildings, grow accordingly in the settlements of the Russian Federation willing to provide their population with high-quality housing. Mass construction of apartment buildings continues to be the main focus of the country’s urban development. Urban planning activities, aimed at the development and maintenance of residential areas, need all the more attention. It is important to use the biosphere approach, supported by the regulatory and technical framework of construction and operation of facilities and the urban planning environment, to solve the problem of nature conservation and human health maintenance.
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Sadeq Jaafar, M. "Research and Organization of Priority Modes in a Network Distributed Computing System with Cloud Service Architecture." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 23, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2019-23-2-153-173.
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Purpose of research. The object of the study is a network cloud service built on the basis of a replicated database. Data in distributed computing systems are replicated in order to ensure the reliability of their storage, facilitate access to data as well as to improve the storage system performance. In this regard, the problem of analyzing the effectiveness of processing the queries to replicated databases in a network-based cloud environment, and, in particular, the problem of organizing priority query queues for updating databae copies (update requests) and for searching and reading information in databases (query-requests). The purpose of this work is to study and organize priority modes in a network distributed computing system with cloud service architecture.Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of two types of behavioural patterns: models based on Petri nets to describe and verify the functioning of a distributed computing system with replicated databases represented as a pool of resource units with several units, and models based on the GPSS simulation language for possible evaluation of passage of query time of each type in queues depending on the priority of queries.Results. Based on two simulation methods, the operation of a cloud system with database replicas was analyzed. In this system two distributed cloud computing systems interact: MANET Cloud based on a wireless network and Internet Cloud based on the Internet. These databases together are the basis of the DBaaSoD (Data Bases as a Service on Demand) cloud service (databases as a service organized at user’s query). To study this system the models of two classes were developed. The model based on Petri nets is designed to test the simulated distributed application for proper functioning. The decisions on the mapping of Petri nets on the architecture of computer networks are discussed. The simulation statistical model is used to compare the priority and non-priority maintenance modes of query- and update-requests by the criterion of average passage of time of queries in queues.Conclusion. System models based on Petri nets were tested, which showed their liveness and security, which makes it possible to move from models to building formalized specifications for network applications for network cloud services in distributed computing systems with replicated databases. The study of GPSS-model showed that in the case of priority service of update-requests, the time of passage for them is reduced by about 2 to 4 times compared with query-requests, depending on the intensity of the query-requests. In the non-priority mode, the serving conditions for update-queries deteriorate and the time of passage in the queue for them increases by about 2 to 6 times as compared with query-requests depending on the intensity of the query-requests.
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Zheng, Hui, and Yuan Xu. "A Survey of Mobile Internet Data Management: Models and Searching Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 109 (October 2011): 738–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.109.738.
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We survey the state-of-the-art in mobile internet data management. We focus on the models and searching methods presented in the literature. We explore the models and searching methods in mobile internet data management from two perspectives: application area and research content. We outline the entire landscape of the models and searching methods of mobile internet data management from researcher’s point of view. Some researchers have proposed the models and searching methods to achieve the data management of mobile internet. But there are many open issues which still need to be addressed.
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Hussein, Siti Zuhaida, Chung Hong Chuo, Fawwaz Mohd Said, Khairunnisa Tumingan, Nurshalin Sahar Shah, and Suraya Hanim Abu Bakar. "The Best Online Tools Based on Media Preference Reflected by Health Information Received on Social Media amongst Diabetic Patients in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 28, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2021.28.3.11.
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Background: Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health problem globally. Social media could be useful in assisting clinical practice and sharing health-related information to improve self-management and to promote a positive behavioural change. This study aims to develop a guide on the best online tools by determining the media preference reflected by health- related information received from social media amongst diabetic patients in Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Methods: This study was conducted cross-sectional on 174 respondents, who were selected by using a simple random sampling method. Socio-demographic data and the use of the internet and media for health-related information were obtained via questionnaires. Results: The most preferred social media used for searching and sharing health-related information was WhatsApp (73.6%), followed by Facebook (67.8%), Instagram (18.4%) and Twitter (17.2%). The social media preference related to socio-demographic data of age was statistically significant (P < 0.002), which had a medium effect. Furthermore, the media preference was not significantly related to health-related information searched or shared on social media and the frequency of usage. Conclusion: Indeed, the social media have been an essential media platform to enhance public awareness concerning public health. This calls for evolution to further enhance the use of social media amongst healthcare practitioners to emphasise health promotion and empower the patients to play an active role in their healthcare. This study provides a guideline for the medical researchers, practitioners or healthcare providers in choosing WhatsApp as an online medium to communicate with diabetic patients in the future, specifically in Malaysia.
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Melhem, Samar J., Shereen Nabhani-Gebara, and Reem Kayyali. "Digital Trends, Digital Literacy, and E-Health Engagement Predictors of Breast and Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021472.
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Introduction: Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) and post-COVID-19 tectonic changes in healthcare delivery have made it possible for cancer survivors to obtain disease-related information for remote management online rather than through healthcare providers. To comprehend and evaluate health information, digital literacy is crucial. Objectives: This study examined cancer survivors’ information-seeking behaviour, information sources, digital health literacy, and digital trends, as well as potential determinants of e-health information receptivity and online resource use. Methods: A national 30-item cross-sectional survey using a representative random sample of cancer survivors from Jordan’s cancer registry was conducted. Chi-square tests established categorical variable relationships. Using the mean and standard deviation, we calculated the Likert scale’s ordinal data average. A p-value < 0.05 was statistically significant. Logistic regression identified predictors of interest in late-trajectory information acquisition and use of e-health platforms (apps, portals) for cancer self-management. Results: Lower digital literacy and electronic searching were associated with older age and lower income, education, and employment status (p ≤ 0.001). Digital literacy independently predicted m-health app use for remote management and interest in cancer supportive care information. Digitally literate survivors preferred the use of digital platforms (p ≤ 0.001). Information acquisition barriers included “reliability” (26%, n = 25) and “health information trustworthiness” (16.2%, n = 25). Following treatment completion, Internet-seeking behaviour decreased significantly when compared to the early cancer trajectory. Conclusion: Our findings imply that Jordanian cancer survivors’ low digital literacy may hinder information acquisition and technology-enabled cancer care. Digital interventions for cancer survivors should be adaptable to varying levels of digital health literacy. Healthcare policymakers should recognise digital inequities and devise focused initiatives to bridge the digital divide while responding to the urgent need to digitalise cancer care delivery.
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Hunsucker, R. Laval. "Making Life Easier for the Visually Impaired Web Searcher: It Is Now Clearer How This Should and Can Be Done, but Implementation Lags." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 1 (March 14, 2013): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8m90f.
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A Review of:
Sahib, N. G., Tombros, A., & Stockman, T. (2012). A comparative analysis of the information-seeking behavior of visually impaired and sighted searchers. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(2), 377–391. doi: 10.1002/asi.21696
Objective – To determine how the behaviour of visually impaired persons significantly differs from that of sighted persons in the carrying out of complex search tasks on the internet.
Design – A comparative observational user study, plus semi-structured interviews.
Setting – Not specified.
Subjects – 15 sighted and 15 visually impaired persons, all of them experienced and frequent Internet search engine users, of both sexes and varying in age from early
twenties to mid-fifties.
Methods – The subjects carried out self-selected complex search tasks on their own equipment and in their own familiar environments. The investigators observed this activity to some extent directly, but for the most part via video camera, through use of a screen-sharing facility, or with screen-capture software. They distinguished four stages of search task activity: query formulation, search results exploration, query reformulation, and search results management. The visually impaired participants, of whom 13 were totally blind and two had only marginal vision, were all working with text-to-speech screen readers and depended exclusively for all their observed activity on those applications’ auditory output. For data analysis, the investigators devised a grounded-theory-based coding scheme. They employed a search log format for deriving further quantitative data which they later controlled for statistical significance (two-tailed unpaired t-test; p < 0.05). The interviews allowed them to document, in particular, how the visually impaired subjects themselves subsequently accounted for, interpreted, and vindicated various observed aspects of their searching behaviour.
Main Results – The investigators found significant differences between the sighted participants’ search behaviour and that of the visually impaired searchers. The latter displayed a clearly less “orienteering” (O'Day & Jeffries, 1993) disposition and style, more often starting out with already relatively long and comprehensive combinations of relatively precise search terms; “their queries were more expressive” (p. 386). They submitted fewer follow-up queries, and were considerably less inclined to attempt query reformulation. They were aiming to achieve a satisfactory search outcome in a single step. Nevertheless, they rarely employed advanced operators, and made far less use (in only 4 instances) of their search engine’s query-support features than did the sighted searchers (37 instances). Fewer of them (13%) ventured beyond the first page of the results returned for their query by the search engine than was the case among the sighted searchers (43%). They viewed fewer (a mean of 4.27, as opposed to 13.40) retrieved pages, and they visited fewer external links (6 visits by 4 visually impaired searchers, compared with 34 visits by 11 sighted searchers). The visually impaired participants more frequently engaged in note taking than did the sighted participants.
The visually impaired searchers were in some cases, the investigators discovered, unaware of search engine facilities or searching tactics which might have improved their search outcomes. Yet even when they were aware of these, they very often chose not to employ them because doing so via their screen readers would have cost them more time and effort than they were willing to expend. In general, they were more diffident and less resourceful than the sighted searchers, and had more trust in the innate capacity and reliability of their search engine to return in an efficient manner the best available results.
Conclusion – Despite certain inherent limitations of the present study (the relatively small sample sizes and the non-randomness of the purposive sighted-searcher sample, the possible presence of extraneous variables, the impossibility of entirely ruling out familiarity bias), its findings strongly support the conclusion that working with today’s search engine user interfaces through the intermediation of currently available assistive technologies necessarily imposes severe limits on the degree to which visually impaired persons can efficiently search the web for information relevant to their needs. The findings furthermore suggest that there are various measures that it would be possible to take toward alleviating the situation, in the form of further improvements to retrieval systems, to search interfaces, and to text-to-speech screen readers. Such improvements would include:
• more accessible system hints to support a better, and less cognitively intensive, query formulation;
• web page layouts which are more suitable to screen-reader intermediation;
• a results presentation which more readily facilitates browsing and exploratory behaviour, preferably including auditory previews and overviews;
• presentation formats which allow for quicker and more accurate relevance judgments;
• mechanisms for (a better) monitoring of search progress.
In any event, further information behaviour studies ought now to be conducted, with the specific aim of more closely informing the development of user interfaces which will offer the kind of support that visually impaired Internet searchers are most in need of. Success in this undertaking will ultimately contribute to the further empowerment of visually disabled persons and thereby facilitate efforts to combat social exclusion.
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Dolinšek, Tatjana. "Application of statistical methods in Internet financial information analysis." Croatian Review of Economic, Business and Social Statistics 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 43–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/crebss-2020-0004.
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AbstractIn today’s modern globalised world, we are faced with numerous data which form the basis for many crucial decisions. The ability to perform the analysis and interpret data correctly is, therefore, of essential importance in practically every field. The field of financial Information is one of such fields, especially the segment of information that is used by companies in corporate communication. This article is focused solely on the information that refers to the Internet financial reporting, which is important particularly for the external stakeholders. The research was made on the basis of the Internet Financial Reporting (IFR) Index for 27 Slovenian companies listed on the Ljubljana Stock Exchange. The article demonstrates the methodological approach to the creation of the IFR Index, which served as the new variable in the following steps of this research, for which various statistical analyses were performed (univariate, bivariate, and multivariate). Based on the descriptive statistics, the main characteristics of the IFR Index are identified, and, by using the t-test for two independent samples, it was found out that there is a difference among the companies listed in the two different listings. Moreover, through the use of the correlation analysis, the correlation between the IFRC and the IFR-P variables was verified, and, in the end, through the use of the multiple regression analysis, it was discovered that the size of the company is the factor which influences the level of the IFR Index. The purpose of this article is to show the awareness of the alternative research methods, and to facilitate the selection of the most appropriate method for addressing particular research questions in the Internet Financial Reporting.
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Shin, Ji-Yu, and Hwa-Jung Choi. "Effects on Customer’s Reliability, Utilization and Purchase Intention of Using Actual Situation of Cosmetic’s Internet Shopping Mall." Journal of the Korean Society of Cosmetology 28, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52660/jksc.2022.28.2.239.
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This study was studied to analyze significant difference of reliability of online information, utilization of internet shopping mall and cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer according to general characteristics or actual situation of usage of internet shopping mall. The 416 survey were analyzed using the statistical package (SPSS WIN 21.0). As the results, women was 73.6%, 30 age was 42.5%, final education of university was 74.8% and official worker was 32.6%. Subjects using internet of ≥5 hours per day was 22.8% and subjects showing using frequency of 1-3 times per day in cosmetic’s internet shopping mall were 37.3%. In analysis on reliability of online information, utilization of internet shopping mall and cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer according to general characteristics, reliability of online information didn’t significant difference with general characteristics but the utilization of internet shopping mall and cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer showed significant difference with general characteristics exhibiting high utilization of internet shopping mall of ≤20 age (p<0.05 and p<0.01). In analysis on reliability of online information, utilization of internet shopping mall and cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer according to actual situation of usage of internet shopping mall, reliability of online information showed significant difference with cosmetic’s purchasing price through internet during month (p<0.05). Also, utilization of internet shopping mall according to actual situation of usage of internet shopping mall showed significant difference with searching prequency and cosmetic’s purchasing rate through internet among the total cosmetic’s purchasing price. Finally, cosmetic’s purchase intention of customer according to actual situation of usage of internet shopping mall showed significant difference with internet usage per day, searching frequency of internet shopping mall, purchasing price and purchasing rate through internet shopping mall (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001). Therefore, these results will be apply cosmetic’s marketing plan.
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Moltchanov, D. "Modeling local stationary behavior of Internet traffic." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2008): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v4i1.236.
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Non-stationary behavior of aggregated IP traffic patterns was demonstrated in a number of studies. However, noneof those did either consider practical aspects of this phenomenon or propose suitable model to capture it. Searching for model for IP traffic aggregates we introduce the concept of local stationarity and demonstrate that it allows to model traffic patterns measured in high-speed operational networks. The proposed model is on-line in nature and suitable for real-time estimation of the traffic state in terms of piecewise covariance stationary stochasticprocess. As a basic tool of the model we use change-pointstatistical test allowing us to dynamically and automaticallydetermine whether statistical characteristics of the traffic pattern changes and, if so, estimate new parameters of the traffic pattern. We provide numerical examples and discuss applications of the proposed model that include but not limited to dynamic resource reservation, routing with guaranteed bandwidth, etc.
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De Bont, A. A., and S. A. Adams. "Notions of Reliability." Methods of Information in Medicine 42, no. 04 (2003): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634223.
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Summary Objectives: This article analyzes the efforts of three organizations to provide a standard that guides Internet users to reliable health care sites. Methods: Comparison of health Internet sites, interviews and document studies. Results: In comparing these approaches, three different constructions of reliability are identified. Conclusions: The resulting possibilities and restrictions of these constructions for users that are searching for health information on the Internet are revealed.
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Barańska, Anna, and Beata Śpiewak. "The Influence of Chosen Statistical Methods of Detecting Outliers on Property Valuation Result." Real Estate Management and Valuation 29, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/remav-2021-0008.
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Abstract The subject of the thesis concerns the application of selected statistical methods searching for outliers in the process of determining the value of real estate, based on a functional model adjusted to market data. The collected research material consisted of data on land properties, which were the subject of transactions on local markets, for which there was no information regarding the specific conditions of concluding the sale agreement. After the initial selection of data regarding the purpose of the property in the local plan, the type of property rights being sold and the size of the shares sold - a functional model was adjusted to the obtained data, showing the relationship between the price being the dependent variable and the features of the property being the independent variables. Then, two statistical methods of searching for outliers which are significantly different in their algorithms, i.e. Cook’s distance and robust estimation method called Pope’s method, were applied to each model. The last stage was to determine the model values of selected properties and to compare the obtained results with the known transaction prices of the parcels being the subject of the valuation. The conducted research allowed for the verification of the influence of significantly different statistical methods searching for outliers on the property valuation result and its accuracy.
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Panferov, Vladimir, Anastasia Miklyaeva, Svetlana Bezgodova, and Artem Ivanov. "Strategies for Online Information Search by University Students: the Relationship between Educational Use of the Internet and Cognitive Styles." SHS Web of Conferences 70 (2019): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20197001013.
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The paper presents the results of experimental study of students’ information searching strategies on the Internet. The study was aimed to analyze the relationship between university students’ strategies of information Internet search for educational tasks and style characteristics of their cognitive activities (styles of information coding, styles of information processing and styles of cognitive regulation). The study was based on the Level model of cognitive-style characteristics (Kholodnaya, 2002). Main methods of study were experimental modelling of educational situations and testing for assessment of students’ styles of information coding, information processing and cognitive regulation. The results of experimental study allowed to identify two strategies of educational online searching (“direct online searching” and “improving online searching”) and their relationship with students’ cognitive characteristics and academic achievements: students’ strategies of educational online search are determined primarily by the characteristics of cognitive regulation. The results did not reveal a direct link between strategies educational online search and academic achievement.
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Li, Yan, Shan Ye, Yidong Zhou, Feng Mao, Hailing Guo, Yan Lin, Xiaohui Zhang, et al. "Web-Based Medical Information Searching by Chinese Patients With Breast Cancer and its Influence on Survival: Observational Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): e16768. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16768.
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Background The internet allows patients to easily look for health information. However, how Chinese patients with breast cancer use the internet has rarely been investigated, and there is a scarcity of information about the influence of internet use on survival. Objective This observational study aimed to investigate the details of online medical information searching by Chinese patients with breast cancer and to determine whether internet use has any survival benefits. Methods Patients who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2014 and December 2015 were enrolled. We obtained information on their internet-searching behavior and gathered data from the patients’ medical and follow-up records. The associations between internet use and other clinic-pathological factors were analyzed. A Cox proportional-hazards model and the Kaplan-Meier method were used for disease-free survival (DFS) analyses. Results A total of 973 patients with invasive breast cancer who underwent definitive surgery took part in the study. Among them, 477 cases (49.0%) performed web-based breast cancer information searching before the initial treatment. A multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that web-based breast cancer information searching was significantly associated with younger age (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% CI 0.94-0.97, P<.001), higher education level (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.01–1.86, P=.04), and breast conserving surgery (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.04-1.77, P=.03). Baidu (73.4%, 350/477) and WeChat (66.7%, 318/477) were the two most popular online information sources for breast cancer; however, only 44.9% (214/477) felt satisfied with the online information. In contrast to the nonweb searching group, the web-using patients who were satisfied with online information showed significantly improved DFS (hazard ratio 0.26; 95% CI 0.08-0.88, P=.03). Conclusions The patients who were most likely to search the internet for breast cancer information were younger and well-educated, and they were more likely to have breast conserving therapy. Web-using patients who were satisfied with the internet information showed significantly improved DFS. Patients should browse credible websites offering accurate and updated information, and website developers should provide high-quality and easy-to-understand information to better meet the needs of patients with breast cancer.
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Agbele, Kehinde, Ademola Adesina, Daniel Ekong, and Oluwafemi Ayangbekun. "State-of-the-Art Review on Relevance of Genetic Algorithm to Internet Web Search." Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/152385.
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People use search engines to find information they desire with the aim that their information needs will be met. Information retrieval (IR) is a field that is concerned primarily with the searching and retrieving of information in the documents and also searching the search engine, online databases, and Internet. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are robust, efficient, and optimizated methods in a wide area of search problems motivated by Darwin’s principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest. This paper describes information retrieval systems (IRS) components. This paper looks at how GAs can be applied in the field of IR and specifically the relevance of genetic algorithms to internet web search. Finally, from the proposals surveyed it turns out that GA is applied to diverse problem fields of internet web search.
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Prnjak, Katarina, Ivan Jukic, and Anita Lauri Korajlija. "How Perfectionism and Eating Disorder Symptoms Contribute to Searching Weight-Loss Information on the Internet?" Medicina 55, no. 10 (September 23, 2019): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55100621.
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Background and Objectives: Eating disorder (ED) symptoms are a growing problem and modern technologies introduced a new and unexplored potential risk factor for vulnerable individuals. It is fairly common for women to use the Internet in order to find information about various weight-loss methods, but it was further questioned whether perfectionism and eating disorder symptomatology could be linked to this behavior. Materials and Methods: Participants were 228 women (Mean age = 30.5; SD = 9.43) recruited via social media, who provided responses on measures of perfectionism, eating disorder symptoms, and a short check-list measuring the frequency of online searching about five topics (food, diet, exercise, body appearance, and eating disorders). Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the BMI and Discrepancy subscale of APS-R significantly predicted online searching, along with eating disorder symptomatology. Moreover, mediation analyses resulted in a significant indirect effect, but not a direct effect, indicating that eating disorder symptomatology fully mediated the relationship between BMI and online searching, as well as between maladaptive perfectionism and online searching. Conclusion: These findings shed light on a high BMI and maladaptive perfectionism as potential risk factors for eating disorder-related behavior on the Internet. More attention to online-seeking behavior among women symptomatic of ED is warranted, and websites containing such topics should include information about professional help for eating disorder-symptomatic individuals.
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Kalinin, M., and V. Krundyshev. "Sequence Alignment Algorithms for Intrusion Detection in the Internet of Things." Nonlinear Phenomena in Complex Systems 23, no. 4 (December 4, 2020): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/1561-4085-2020-23-4-397-404.
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The paper reviews the intrusion detection approach based on bioinformatics algorithms for alignment and comparing of the nucleotide sequences. Sequence alignment is a natureclose computational procedure for matching the coded strings by searching for the regions of individual characteristics that are located in the same order. A calculated rank of similarity is used instead of equity checking to estimate the distance between a sequence of the monitored operational acts and a generalized intrusion pattern. Multiple alignment schema is more effective and accurate than the Smith–Waterman local alignment due to ability to find few blocks of similarity. In comparison with a traditional signature-based IDS, it is found that the nature-inspired approach provides the better work characteristics. The experimental study have shown that new approach demonstrates high, 99 percent, level of accuracy.
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Neal, Joyce J., Dimitri Prybylski, Travis Sanchez, and Wolfgang Hladik. "Population Size Estimation Methods: Searching for the Holy Grail." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 6, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): e25076. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25076.
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Accurate size estimates of key populations (eg, sex workers, people who inject drugs, transgender people, and men who have sex with men) can help to ensure adequate availability of services to prevent or treat HIV infection; inform HIV response planning, target setting, and resource allocation; and provide data for monitoring and evaluating program outcomes and impact. A gold standard method for population size estimation does not exist, but quality of estimates could be improved by using empirical methods, multiple data sources, and sound statistical concepts. To highlight such methods, a special collection of papers in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance has been released under the title “Key Population Size Estimations.” We provide a summary of these papers to highlight advances in the use of empirical methods and call attention to persistent gaps in information.
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Hall, Stephanie. "Econometric Analysis Suggests Possible Crowding Out of Public Libraries by Book Superstores among Middle Income Families in the 1990s." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 3 (September 5, 2007): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8488s.
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Objective – To determine the effect of large bookstores (defined as those having 20 or more employees) on household library use.
Design – Econometric analysis using cross-sectional data sets.
Setting – The United States of America.
Subjects – People in over 55,000 households across the U.S.A.
Methods – Data from 3 1996 studies were examined using logit and multinomial logit estimation procedures: the National Center for Education Statistics’ National Household Education Survey (NHES) and Public Library Survey (PLS), and the U.S. Census Bureau’s County Business Patterns (CBP). The county level results of the NHES telephone survey were merged with the county level data from the PLS and the CBP. Additionally, data on Internet use at the state level from the Statistical Abstract of the United States were incorporated into the data set. A logit regression model was used to estimate probability of library use based on several independent variables, evaluated at the mean.
Main results – In general, Hemmeter found that "with regard to the impact of large bookstores on household library use, large bookstores do not appear to have an effect on overall library use among the general population” (613).
While no significant changes in general library use were found among high and low income households where more large bookstores were present, nor in the population taken as a whole, middle income households (between $25,000 and $50,000 in annual income) showed notable declines in library use in these situations. These effects were strongest in the areas of borrowing (200% less likely) and recreational purposes (161%), but were also present in work-related use and job searching. Hemmeter also writes that “poorer households use the library more often for job search purposes. The probability of library use for recreation, work, and consumer information increases as income increases. This effect diminishes as households get richer” (611). Finally, home ownership was also correlated with higher library use.
Households with children were more than 20% more likely to use the library (610). Their use of the library for school-related purposes, general borrowing, program activities, and so on was not affected by the presence of book superstores. White families with children were somewhat less likely to use the library, while families with higher earning and education levels were more likely to use the library. Library use also increased with the number of children in the family.
Shorter distances to the nearest branch and a higher proportion of AV materials were also predictive of higher library use. Educational level was another important factor, with those having less than high school completion being significantly less likely to use the library than those with higher levels of educational attainment.
Conclusions – The notable decline in public library use among middle income households where more large bookstores are present is seen as an important threat to libraries, as it may result in a decline in general support and support for funding among an important voting block. More current data are needed in this area. In addition to the type of information examined in this study, the author recommends the inclusion of information on funding, support for library referenda, and library quality as they relate to the presence of large bookstores.
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Lenel, Laetitia. "Searching for a Tide Table for Business:." History of Political Economy 53, no. 6 (August 26, 2021): 139–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-9414817.
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The article investigates the methods and conceptions of statistical inference used in business forecasting in the United States and in Europe in the 1920s. After presenting the methods and arguments used by the members of the Harvard Committee on Economic Research in the first years after its establishment in 1919, the article explores the far-reaching changes in method and conviction from 1922 on. The members’ realization that the future evolved differently than predicted prompted them to give up their hope for mechanical means of forecasting and to revoke their calls for the employment of the mathematical theory of probability in economics. Instead, they established an extensive correspondence with economic and political decision-makers that allowed them to base their forecasts on “inside information.” Subsequently, the article traces European attempts to adopt the Harvard Index of General Business Conditions in the early 1920s. Impressed by the seemingly mechanical working of the Harvard index, European economists and statisticians sought to establish similar indices for their countries. However, numerous revisions of the Harvard index in the mid-1920s cast doubt on the universality of the index and the existence of stable patterns and led European researchers to pursue different paths of investigation. The article complicates the larger history of statistical inference in economics in two meaningful ways. First, it argues that statistical inference with probability was not the long-sought solution for the problem of objectivity but a long-contested, and repeatedly discarded, approach. Second, it shows that these contestations were often triggered by deviations between forecasts and the conditions actually observed and by this means argues for the importance of the historical context in the history of economics.
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Westaby, James D. "Comparing Attribute Importance and Reason Methods for Understanding Behavior: An Application to Internet Job Searching." Applied Psychology 54, no. 4 (October 2005): 568–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2005.00231.x.
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Leonovich, Evgeniy, Marina Romanova, Nina Khodakova, Anna Kalinchenko, and Dmitry Kalinchenko. "Forms and methods of remote control of university students learning." SHS Web of Conferences 98 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219805001.
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This article discuses searching for forms and methods of remote control of learning of university students. The importance of this problem is stipulated by the necessity to organize distance learning in existing environment and wide education opportunities supported by electronic resources and their purposeful use. The formulated hypothesis states that their controlled use would allow to perform efficient control of learning at all stages of training. In order to confirm this hypothesis, the authors presented the results of activities of university teachers aimed at searching for forms and methods of remote control of students’ learning. This article discusses managerial, cognitive, and axiological aspects of remote control. The trends of searching for efficient approaches to solve the formulated problem are analyzed. Opportunity to apply network interaction of students upon distance learning is considered as well as control of formation of professional activities upon remote access. The network interaction acts as a mechanism of selection of forms and methods of distance control, such as discussion of assignment in remote access using electronic resources, online presentation of photos and videos required for joint work of all group students, presentation of results of assignment execution on interactive whiteboard of internet platform, joint work using electronic resource to create project. The control processes of distance learning are very important in professional training. The control procedures allow simultaneous correction during learning at each stage, promote searching and implementation of new methods of learning. Application of the described forms and methods allows providing efficient control of learning.
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Strom, Paris S., Kelli L. Hendon, and Robert D. Strom. "Assessment of Internet Learning for High School Students." Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v13n1p17.
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The generally poor academic performance of secondary school students across the United States is motivating educators to discover ways to improve school conditions of learning. Because the main source of knowledge is the Internet, helping students know how to use this tool wisely and relate their searching to cooperative learning group assignments is a focus of instructional concern. The purpose of this study was to determine how to improve Internet learning at a single high school. The principal chose to use student voice as the method and invited all students to take the Internet Learning Poll to find out how they felt about learning from the Internet. They were told that taking the poll was voluntary, not an assignment, their responses would be anonymous, and combined with other students. Of 461 students enrolled, 444 took the poll, yielding a school completion rate of 96%. Students wanted to be taught methods to improve their Internet research skills and how to evaluate website credibility. They maintained that teachers needed training to devise assignments which contribute to Internet searching and problem-solving practice in cooperative learning teams. Student polling presents evidence-based data to identify needs of students and contribute to better school practices. The elements used to establish the goals of continuous school improvement planning can be met by focusing on faculty improvement, student voice, and principal leadership.
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Sultanov, M. M., I. A. Boldyrev, and M. E. Shevchenko. "Overview of statistical methods of process monitoring." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 15, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2022-15-2-126-135.
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At present, process monitoring by comparing the current parameters against a specified setpoint is widespread at thermal power plants. This approach does not allow diagnosing the emergence of a trend leading to an emergency mode at early stages. On the other hand, the analysis of time series of parameters by means of methods of statistical process monitoring allows detecting deviations from normal mode of equipment operation before emergency conditions appear. The purpose of this work is to analyze existing works in the field of application of statistical methods of monitoring. A systematic literature review (SLR) method was used in the analysis. The research process included clarifying research questions, searching for articles in databases, and forming article evaluation criteria. The specifics of the process at TPPs, which impose restrictions on the application of individual methods of statistical monitoring, were formulated. The study resulted in 64 publications, which were filtered and classified into rating groups. The highest ranked articles were used to determine the most effective statistical monitoring methods to be used on thermal power equipment. The answer to the questions posed in the study also reveals the existing problems of applying statistical methods of monitoring. The results of the study will help to identify the most applicable statistical methods for thermal power industry. It is concluded that the most suitable methods for application on thermal power equipment are methods of control charts (both Shewhart charts and Hotelling charts) based on either process parameters or generalized variance, as well as the use of autocorrelation models.
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Kungurtsev, O., N. Novikova, and M. Kozhushan. "AUTOMATION OF SEARCHING FOR TERMS IN THE EXPLANATORY DICTIONARY." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet Pratsi 3, no. 62 (December 2020): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.3.62.2020.11.
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In this paper, an approach for automating the search for interpretations of terms for a specific domain in explanatory dictionary and on the Internet is proposed. A mathematical model of the explanatory dictionary is developed. It bases on the structure of the dictionary entry. The methodology for setting up an analyzer of a dictionary entry in a dictionary that has not been used before is developed. A methodology for automated search for one-word and multiword terms in electronic dictionaries has been developed. It bases on scanning dictionary entries in search for term using Regular Expressions. The automation of searching on the Internet resource using a browser automation tool Selenium is proposed. Automated analysis of search results in according to subject area have been developed in two methods. If there is a stylistic label in the structure of a dictionary entry, which indicates the area of the polysemantic term using, the results are corrected by filtering out definitions that do not correspond to this subject area. If there is no stylistic label, the search results are filtering out in the way of screening out definitions for occurrence of search terms. The creation of Dictionary bank for storing set-up to search electronic dictionaries is proposed. The program product, which allows search organizing in added and built-in electronic dictionaries and on the Internet resource, was developed. Using the program requires involvement of an expert to correct and verify the results. Working with the program requires the involvement of an expert to correct and verify the results. The effectiveness of the approach is confirmed experimentally. Groups of English, Russian and Ukrainian terms from different subject areas were used in the experiments. Formulas to determine the time spent on searching are proposed to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the developed methods. The results showed a reduce of the time spent on search in the automated mode in about 5 times compared to the manual one. It is shown that adding an explanatory dictionary of a specialized subject area gives the most certain definition of terms in search process.
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Kritinina, N. A., A. N. Pegina, T. I. Igumenova, and Yu P. Zemskov. "APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS IN SEARCHING FOR DEFECTS OF STAINING OF THE HARD TAPE." Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies), no. 4 2018 (2018): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/snt.36961.
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Mackare, Kristīne, and Anita Jansone. "HABITS OF USING INTERNET AND DIGITAL DEVICES IN EDUCATION." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 5 (May 25, 2018): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3248.
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According to Central Statistical Bureau data of 2017 at least 46.8% of Latvian population are involved in educational activities. Such digital devices as computers (both desktop computers and laptop computers), tablets, smartphones, book readers, etc. and the internet directly or indirectly are used in both formal and non-formal education. Digital devices can be used in training or study process, or some part of it directly, as well as students or training participants may be assigned tasks to be performed with these devices – searching for information, reading and learning e-material, writing articles, etc. In addition to statistical data research, two e-polls were conducted for respondents who are computer users in different age groups. Respondents were asked about their habits in using the internet and digital devices, additional interest was about which of the digital tools are used and for what purposes these devices are used. All answers have been analysed. The survey results show that the responses provided by the participants of the sample group are very close to the whole population, both for the use of the Internet and digital devices. The results also show the purpose of using digital devices, especially in education, and which devices are most commonly used for each purpose. More than 90% of respondents use digital devices to get information. In order to participate successfully in e-learning and e-studies, users need both good e-skills and well-designed e-learning materials: high-quality content, comfortable, easy-to-understand and comprehensible text, suitable formatting parameters of text.