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1
Tusikov, Natasha Marie. "Chokepoints : internet intermediaries and the private regulation of counterfeit goods on the internet." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/125030.
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This dissertation examines non-state regulation on the Internet, specifically the capacity of corporate actors to create private regulatory arrangements and the degree to which those efforts may rely upon the state. It critically traces the interactions and inter-dependencies between corporate actors and the state through the lens of corporate online anti-counterfeiting enforcement efforts. Between 2010 and 2013, small groups of multinational corporations and government officials from the United States, United Kingdom and the European Commission created a global private regulatory regime to control websites selling counterfeit goods. In this regime, for the first time, major U.S.-based Internet firms, like Google and PayPal, adopted so-called "voluntary best practices" agreements that guide their regulation of these websites on behalf of rights holders. This project examines eight of these agreements that pertain to five Internet sectors: advertising, domain name, marketplace, payment, and search services. In this particular case of private regulation, the state plays a strong, even central role. "Voluntary agreements" are a deliberate misnomer as government actors, acting in concert with rights holders, employed varying degrees of coercion to pressure major Internet firms and payment providers to adopt industry-derived best practices. Despite these coercive elements, however, there are common financial and reputational interests between rights holders and Internet firms. More importantly, these agreements serve strategic economic and national security interests, particularly those of the United States. The U.S. government, the principal architect of the regime, has interests in the protection of intellectual property because of its large stable of successful rights holders. In addition, it has national security interests in tapping into the vast troves of personal and commercial data that firms, such as Google and Yahoo, collect from their users. Corporate agreements to regulate the online distribution of counterfeit goods speak to private regulation on the Internet more generally. This dissertation contends that large corporate actors-both rights holders and Internet firms-can act as arbiters on the legality of technologies, services and applications on the Internet. In doing so, they can have significant influence in determining what types of new technologies and services prosper and which fail. Corporate anti-counterfeiting efforts demonstrate not only the considerable regulatory capacity of these Internet firms but also state and corporate interests in working with these firms to set rules and standards that govern Internet services.
2
Guadamuz, Andres. "Networks, complexity and internet regulation scale-free law." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7795.
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This book, then, starts with a general statement: that regulators should try, wherever possible, to use the physical methodological tools presently available in order to draft better legislation. While such an assertion may be applied to the law in general, this work will concentrate on the much narrower area of Internet regulation and the science of complex networks The Internet is the subject of this book not only because it is my main area of research, but also because –without over-emphasising the importance of the Internet to everyday life– one cannot deny that the growth and popularisation of the global communications network has had a tremendous impact on the way in which we interact with one another. The Internet is, however, just one of many interactive networks. One way of looking at the complex and chaotic nature of society is to see it as a collection of different nodes of interaction. Humans are constantly surrounded by networks: the social network, the financial network, the transport network, the telecommunications network and even the network of our own bodies. Understanding how these systems operate and interact with one another has been the realm of physicists, economists, biologists and mathematicians. Until recently, the study of networks has been mainly theoretical and academic, because it is difficult to gather data about large and complex systems that is sufficiently reliable to support proper empirical application. In recent years, though, the Internet has given researchers the opportunity to study and test the mathematical descriptions of these vast complex systems. The growth rate and structure of cyberspace has allowed researchers to map and test several previously unproven theories about how links and hubs within networks interact with one another. The Web now provides the means with which to test the organisational structures, architecture and growth of networks, and even permits some limited prediction about their behaviour, strengths and vulnerabilities. The main objective of this book is first and foremost to serve as an introduction to the wider legal audience to some of the theories of complexity and networks. The second objective is more ambitious. By looking at the application of complexity theory and network science in various areas of Internet regulation, it is hoped that there will be enough evidence to postulate a theory of Internet regulation based on network science. To achieve these two goals, Chapter 2 will look in detail at the science of complex networks to set the stage for the legal and regulatory arguments to follow. With the increase in reliability of the descriptive (and sometimes predictive) nature of network science, a logical next step for legal scholars is to look at the legal implications of the characteristics of networks. Chapter 3 highlights the efforts of academics and practitioners who have started to find potential uses for network science tools. Chapter 4 takes this idea further, and explores how network theory can shape Internet regulation. The following chapters will analyse the potential for application of the tools described in the previous chapters, applying complexity theory to specific areas of study related to Internet Law. Chapter 5 deals with the subject of copyright in the digital world. Chapter 6 explores the issue of peer-production and user-generated content using network science as an analytical framework. Chapter 7 finishes the evidence section of the work by studying the impact of network architecture in the field of cybercrime, and asks whether the existing architecture hinders or assists efforts to tackle those problems. It is clear that these are very disparate areas of study. It is not the intention of this book to be overreaching in its scope, although I am mindful that it covers a lot of ground and attempts to study and describe some disciplines that fall outside of my intellectual comfort zone. While the focus of the work is the Internet, its applications may extend beyond mere electronic bits. Without trying to be over-ambitious, it is my strong belief that legal scholarship has been neglectful in that it has been slow to respond to the wealth of research into complexity. That is not to say that there has been no legal research on the topic, but it would seem that lawyers, legislators and policy-makers are reluctant to consider technical solutions to legal problems. It is hoped then that this work will serve as a stepping stone that will lead to new interest in some of the theories that I describe.
3
Kern, Bernhard Georg. "Das Internet zwischen Regulierung und Selbstregulierung." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16044.
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Das Internet hat nicht nur eine kaum vorhersehbare Revolution in der Kommunikation hervorgerufen, sondern stellt auch vielfältige Herausforderungen an das Recht. Die besondere Problematik ist dabei, dass die handelnden Personen dies praktisch anonym tun können und dass das Internet auf Grund seiner Struktur inhaltsneutral ist. Daraus wurde in der öffentlichen Diskussion abgeleitet, dass das Internet ein rechtsfreier Raum sei, was aber nicht sein dürfe. Darauf reagiert in einigen Fällen der Gesetzgeber, weitaus häufiger wird die Entwicklung aber von der Rechtsprechung vorangetrieben. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, die spezifisch auf das Internet bezogenen rechtlichen Entwicklungen des Rechts darzustellen und ihre spezifische Problematik aufzuzeigen. Im Kontrast dazu werden die Mechanismen der Rechtsetzung der Organisationen beschrieben, die für die Entwicklung des Internets verantwortlich sind und deren Verfahren auch Vorbild für staatliche Rechtsetzung sein könnten.The Internet has not only caused a non foreseeable revolution in human communication, it also defies legislation and jurisprudence in many ways. Acting over the internet causes unknown problems as communication on the internet is due to its structure non discriminating regarding the content. Discussion in the public has therefore concluded, that the internet were a anarchic space, a state which could not persist. In many cases this has caused reactions by legislation, although most of the development is carried by jurisprudence. The target of this publication is to show the internet-specific legal developments in Germany and to show their specific problems. In contrast to the state law the mechanisms of standardization by the institutions developing the internet and its standards are described.
4
Maida, Elisabeth M. (Elisabeth Marigo). "The regulation of internet interconnection : assessing network market power." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79345.
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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).
Interconnection agreements in the telecommunications industry have always been constrained by regulation. Internet interconnection has not received the same level of scrutiny. Recent debates regarding proposed mergers, network neutrality, Internet peering, and last mile competition have generated much discussion about whether Internet interconnection regulation is warranted. In order to determine whether such regulation is necessary, policymakers need appropriate metrics to help gauge a network provider's market power. Since Internet interconnection agreements are typically not published publicly, policymakers must instead rely on proxy metrics and inferred interconnection relationships. Alessio D'Ignazio and Emanuele Giovannetti have attempted to address this challenge by proposing a standard set of metrics that are based on and assessed using network topology data. They suggest two metrics, referred to as customer cone and betweenness, as proxies for market size and market power. This thesis focuses on the efficacy of the proposed customer cone and betweenness metrics as proxies for network market size and market power.
by Elisabeth M. Maida.
S.M.
S.M.in Technology and Policy
5
Kiauzaris, Donatas. "Interneto teisės identifikavimo problema." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060317_140950-34732.
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Magistriniame darbe nagrinėjama interneto teisės termino vartojimo tikslingumas, bei įvardijamos šio termino galimos alternatyvos, kurios sutinkamos moksliniuose darbuose. Apžvelgiami interneto teisei būdingi principai, jų teisinė paskirtis, bei įtaka. Vadovaujantis teisės teorijos sukurtais teisės šakos identifikavimo reikalavimais, iškeliama hipotezė, jog interneto teisė esanti atskira kompleksinė teisės šaka, bei pateikiamas šios teisės šakos apibrėžimas. Siekiant patvirtinti iškeltą hipotezę įvardijamos identifikacinės problemos (reguliavimo, jurisdikcijos) su kuriomis susiduria interneto teisė, ją taikant visuomeniniuose santykiuose, o taip pat šių problemų galimus sprendimus. Nustatoma ir pagrindžiama interneto teisės vieta teisės sistemoje ir jos vidinė struktūra. Trumpai aptariama Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų, bei Lietuvos Respublikos teisinė praktika susijusi su interneto teise, bei galimi veiksmai siekiant padidinti šios teisės veikimo efektyvumą.In Master’s Thesis discusses internet law term usage tendencies and expediency. Also it is setting forth the alternatives of this term which can be met in scholar studies. There is given review of basic internet law’s principles, their judicial purpose and influence. Main axes of internet law identification are requirements created by law theory and depending on them there have been raised hypothesis that internet law is a separate complexical law branch. There are shortly described Lithuanian and United State’s law practice based on internet law and the possibilities of raising the effectiveness of this law.
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Ruibytė, Agnė. "Žalingas interneto tinklapių turinys: reglamentavimas ir praktinės teisinės problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060317_142209-15675.
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The harmful Internet content, as one of the main problems related to the birth of Internet, has already attracted attention of international and national institutions. Regardless of two main problems arising in this field – the global nature of Internet and the subjective nature of malignancy, it‘s almost decade as European Union and the Council of Europe are trying to solve harmful Internet material related questions in such ways, that would be acceptable to all the region. The author of this work suggests that basis of Lithuanian law should be reviewed and the approach to the tendencies of international regulation should be more critical – special attention should be paid when implementing self-regulatory mechanisms.
7
Young, Sherman. "An evaluation of the implementation of online services content regulation in Australia /." [St. Lucia, Qld], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18119.pdf.
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Williams, Elizabeth A., and n/a. "Regulating the Internet : privacy under the microscope." University of Canberra. Communication, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061114.094402.
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This thesis is an exploration of privacy as it relates to the Internet in general,
and e-mail communication in particular.
It looks at the philosophy of privacy and tracks the privacy debate in both an
academic and legal framework. It examines the Australian Privacy Act of 1988
and similar legislation overseas. Current government approaches to privacy
and privacy regulation are also examined providing a legislative/political context
for the research.
The fieldwork component of the thesis attempts to unravel individual
perceptions of privacy. It overlays those perceptions of privacy with an
examination of the effects of Internet technology on a conceptual understanding
of privacy.
There is no doubt that the discussion of privacy and the electronic age is
extensive but discussion with individuals about their place in the debate and,
indeed, the legislation is yet to be tackled in an extensive manner. Until we
mesh the views of individuals in the community about their place in the new
communications technology and privacy debate, we will not reap the full
benefits of advances in communications technology. Consumers will remain
reluctant about and suspicious of breaches of their privacy via the Internet.
9
Hu, Ling, and 胡凌. "Shaping the virtual state: internet content regulation in China (1994-2009)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46421701.
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Gazzaz, Osman Bakur. "Internet influence and regulation : a case study in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30569.
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This study focuses on how the country embraces the new technology of the Internet and its attendant effects while at the same time protecting the values and traditions which define the Saudi identity. This study also examines a range of theoretical and contextual debates that are relevant to the issues addressed in this research. Among the debates examined are: globalisation, Internet influence, censorship and regulation, sovereignty as well as the tensions emanating from interactions between political spaces and cultural flows. Materials for the study were collected through the use of in-depth interviews with top policy makers in Saudi Arabia as well as through the use of questionnaires to collect data on the views of the citizens of Saudi Arabia about their use of the Internet and views on Internet regulation in Saudi Arabia. The findings in the study indicate that while there is widespread adoption of the Internet in Saudi Arabia, there is still a wide range of debates on the extent to which it should be allowed a free reign in the society. While the arguments continue, the introduction of the Internet in Saudi Arabia has opened up a number of social and political spaces that might not be available without the Internet.
11
Vaishnav, Chintan. "Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) : the dynamics of technology and regulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34533.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 144-145).
"What Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is going to do is start to weaken the foundation of the way we've done things for 100 years...Congress already should be discussing the next telecom bill," said Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Michael Powell in February 2004, before the United States Senate. The objective of this thesis is to study how VoIP challenges the incumbent US telecommunications act. The appearance of VoIP comes at a juncture when telecommunications system has already turned into a large-scale, complex system with multiple, competing infrastructures. VoIP, however, greatly augments the nested complexity by affording a technology that enables multiple architectures and business models for delivering the same voice (and often converged voice and data) service, while remaining agnostic to the underlying infrastructure. The VoIP-enabled architectures have very different capabilities and costs from one another. Many do not - or cannot - support social regulations such as emergency 911, wiretapping and disability access. Most exploit the economic arbitrage opportunities by evading access charges and universal service contributions.
(cont.) Added to this is the combination of reduced asset specificity due to VoIP's layered architecture and a global standard based ubiquitous IP technology that frees the service providers of the need to own the delivery infrastructure, and enables them to offer service from anywhere globally. Such a misalignment - between regulatory obligations and technical capabilities - has the potential to incubate large-scale systemic failures due to lack of coordination between the local optimization focused private markets and the highly compartmentalized public institutions. The case of Communications Assistance for the Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) - also known as the wiretapping act - is taken to study its implications on VoIP. A system dynamics model is used for the analysis. Four policy lessons emerge through the process of arriving at the model and the subsequent sensitivity analysis. First, considering peer-to-peer (P2P) VoIP a non-issue for CALEA is exactly what might make it an issue. Second, if P2P VoIP aspires to be a telephony substitute, it will invite the threat of social regulation. Third, arms race between CALEA-compliant and non-compliant technologies may raise the cost of CALEA compliance. Fourth, prohibiting use of certain encryption techniques may help the LEA to keep their ability to wiretap intact, but it also deprives customers of the privacy the prohibited schemes would have offered, and thereby helps the Internet-crime.
by Chintan Vaishnav.
S.M.
12
Abel, Wiebke. "Mobile, intelligent and autonomous policing tools and the law." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10633.
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This thesis resolves around problems arising for the existing legal framework from the use of novel software-‐based policing tools during criminal investigations. The increasing dependence on information and communication technologies and the Internet means that more aspects of people’s lives move online, and crime follows them. This has triggered the development of innovative, autonomous investigative technologies that are increasingly replacing human officers for the policing of the online sphere. While only recently discussions of the legal status of embodied and unembodied robotical devices have gained more widespread attention, discussions of the legal status of autonomous agent technology are not new. They have focussed however in the past on applications in the private domain, enabling contract formation online. No systematic study has so far been carried out that looks at the use of autonomous agent technology when deployed by state actors, to fulfil core state functions. This thesis starts with the hypothesis that the use of automated, intelligent devices to replicate core police functions in the online world will increase in the future. Looking at first emerging technologies, but with an eye towards future deployment of much more capable software tools that fulfil policing functions on the Internet, this thesis looks at the challenges this poses for regulators and software developers. Based on extensive qualitative research interviews with stakeholders from two different jurisdictions (Germany & UK) this thesis finds that these novel policing technologies challenge existing legal frameworks, which are still premised on the parameters of the offline world. It therefore develops an alternative governance model for these policing tools, which enables their law-‐compliant use and prevents rights violations of suspects. In doing so it draws upon both worlds, the technical and the legal, while also incorporating the empirical research results from the interviews with experts. The first part of this thesis analyses the technical foundations of these software-‐based policing tools. Here, one of the key findings is that the current governance system focuses on ex-‐ante authorisation of very specific, individual software tools without developing a systematic classification. This contradicts the principle of sustainable law making. To overcome this piecemeal approach, as a first contribution to existing research this work defines a new class of investigative technologies – mobile, intelligent and autonomous (MIA) policing tools ‐ based on the findings of the technical analysis. Identifying such a natural class of present and future technologies that pose the same type of legal issues should facilitate the sustainable governance of these new policing tools. The second part of this thesis analyses two specific legal issues: cross-jurisdictional investigations and the evidentiary value of the seized data. These issues were identified as most pressing by the experts interviewed for this work. This analysis reveals that investigative activities of MIA tools are potentially in conflict with international law principles and criminal procedure law. In order to gain legitimacy, these new policing tools need to operate within the parameters of the existing legal framework. This thesis argues that given the unique technical capabilities of MIA tools, the primary approach to achieving this is to assign legal responsibility to these tools. The third part of this thesis develops a novel governance approach to ensure that MIA tools operate within the parameters of the legal framework, and therefore obtain legitimacy and relevance, also with regard to the investigative results. This approach builds on existing research identifying code as a regulatory modality and contributes to the field of legal theory. It constitutes a solution for the governance problems of MIA tools, however, it requires currently lacking collaboration among stakeholders and cross-disciplinary research.
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Lyons, Emily E. "Has internet technology found a niche in mood regulation among young adults?" Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1589631.
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The present study investigates whether internet technology is used by young (YA) and older adults (OA) to change bad moods. This study also investigates whether the number of strategies used to try to change a bad mood are significantly higher among YA as compared to OA. Continuity theory, described by Atchley (1989), is used to support the hypothesis that YA will indicate internet use as a mood self-regulation tool, whereas, OA will not. Undergraduate students and adults from local senior clubs and a church choir were surveyed regarding the strategies they use to change a bad mood. Results are analyzed by applying a chi-square test of independence, a t-test, and a factor analysis. Results indicate the difference between YA and OA who use the internet to change a bad mood is approaching significance. Results also indicate YA use more strategies to change a bad mood than do OA.
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Adamson, Greg, and g. adamson@ieee org. "The mixed experience of achieving business benefit from the internet : a multi-disciplinary study." RMIT University. Business Information Technology, 2004. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20041105.112155.
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From 1995 the Internet attracted commercial investment, but financially measurable benefits and competitive advantage proved elusive. Usage for personal communication and business information only slowly translated into commercial transactions. This reflects a unique feature of Internet development. Unlike other media of the 19th and 20th centuries, widespread Internet use preceded commercial investment. The early military and research use led to an architecture that poorly supported the certainty and security requirements of commercial transactions. Subsequent attempts to align this architecture with commercial transactional requirements were expensive and mostly unsuccessful. This multi-disciplinary thesis describes these commercial factors from historical, usage, technical, regulatory and commercial perspectives. It provides a new and balanced understanding in a subject area dominated by poor communication between separate perspectives.
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Wagner, Benjamin. "Understanding Internet Shutdowns: A Case Study from Pakistan." USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6661/1/8545%2D33917%2D1%2DPB.pdf.
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This article provides an overview of Internet shutdowns in Pakistan, which have become
an increasingly common phenomenon, with 41 occurring between 2012 and 2017. It
argues that to understand how shutdowns became normalized in Pakistan, it is necessary
to look at the specific dynamics of how the shutdowns take place. In doing so, the concept
of communicative ruptures develops to better understand intentional government
shutdowns of communications. The article argues that strategic prevention of mobilization
is key for short-term shutdowns, whereas long-term shutdowns can be better explained
by looking at disciplinary mechanisms and denying the existence of "others". The article
then discusses Internet shutdowns in the wider context of authoritarian practices before
concluding with the urgent need for further research on this topic, both in Pakistan and
beyond.
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Simmons, Charlotte. "Children, media and regulation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13748.
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Each new medium of communication that has emerged over the past century and more has generated concern over its alleged negative effect on children. This concern has (in most cases) generated a moral panic, involving campaigning by moral guardians and office spokespeople, calls for greater regulation and subsequent response from the government or designated regulators. Based on continued inconclusive media effects research and debates over adults' and children's rights, regulation has become increasingly problematic. Such questions as how far you should restrict and protect children and how it may be possible to balance protection with rights, are complex and fraught with practical difficulties. These are the kind of questions that regulators have currently to consider. In addition, media convergence and internet technology threaten traditional regulatory structures. Such developments pose a further regulatory quandary. How are regulators attempting to tackle these issues? The thesis attempts to examine this question by exploring how regulators have responded to panics over children's media and whether their attempts have resulted in robust regulatory systems. The regulation systems analysed embrace advertising and obesity, internet chat-rooms and grooming, video games and violence and cinema regulation (the 12A classification). Case studies of these particular areas of current concern show how regulation has developed and how it works in practice, assess whether such regulation is effective and if not, recommends ways in which it could be improved.
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Pushkina, Vladyslava Oleksandrivna. "Problems with the Internet media regulation in the modern media market in Ukraine." Thesis, National aviation university, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/50075.
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1. Afanasieva K. Legal Regulation of the Internet Media. - Media-criticism. - 15.07.2009. [Electron resource]. - Access mode: http://www.mediakrytyka.info/ drukovani/pravove-vrehulyuvannya-diyalnosti-internet-zmi.html 2. Valeri Ivanov. Legal regulation of the Internet. Some aspects // Freedom of Speech and Privacy. - 2002. - № 3Until recently, the Internet could not be considered as widely available mass media, as well as traditional radio, television or printed media. However, the Internet news has become an integral part of Ukrainian modern media landscapes and the Internet Media of Ukrainian users is an important source of information today. Due to the high speed with which new information is published and accessed, the Internet has a great advantage over the other media sources. The purpose of our research is to analyze the problems of legal and regulatory frameworks of the Internet Media.
Донедавна Інтернет не можна було розглядати як широко доступний ЗМІ, як традиційні радіо, телебачення або друковані ЗМІ. Однак Інтернет-новини стали невід'ємною частиною сучасних українських медіа-ланшафтів, і Інтернет-медіа сьогодні є важливим джерелом інформації для українських користувачів. Завдяки високій швидкості публікації та доступу до нової інформації Інтернет має велику перевагу над іншими джерелами інформації. Метою нашого дослідження є аналіз проблем правової та нормативної бази Інтернет-ЗМІ.
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Richter, Wolf R. "'Better' regulation through social entrepreneurship? : innovative and market-based approaches to address the digital challenge to copyright regulation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d609027-8605-4815-a499-3d2981028a24.
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After the initial excitement about the Internet as a space outside of governmental control has evaporated and courts in several states have applied national laws to ‘Cyberspace’, there is now a consensus among scholars that regulators have in principle the authority and capacity to regulate the Internet. Nevertheless, the application of the established tools of regulation - legislation and adjudication - to the current challenges to copyright regulation posed by the Internet has proven to be ineffective and produced undesirable side effects. Although market self-regulation has been suggested as a more efficacious approach to regulating the Internet and has proven effective in content regulation and Internet governance, the market has so far been unsuccessful in providing an effective and efficient remedy to the challenges to copyright regulation. The purpose of this thesis is to examine a novel approach to regulation and analyse its benefits and limitations. The novel approach defies the conceptualisation as co- and self-regulation, but introduces the solution from outside the regulated environment through entrepreneurship and innovation, and relies on the forces of the market to become effective. In this thesis, I analyse the regulatory systems implemented by two private organisations, Noank Media and Creative Commons, in China’s reportedly ineffective copyright law environment and find that their market-based and innovative approach to regulation can be understood as a form of social entrepreneurship. Social enterprises have been claimed to deliver social goods more effectively and efficiently than governmental intervention, because they are said to rely on local knowledge, to be driven by the demand of the stakeholders, and to be focused on social value creation. Based on quantitative and qualitative fieldwork with Noank Media’s and Creative Common’s stakeholders in China I analyse to what extent these two enterprises managed to successfully leverage the assets of social entrepreneurship. I conclude that while the novel approach has demonstrated the potential to produce more effective and more efficient regulation, it does not automatically result in Better Regulation. Further efforts are required to ensure participation, transparency, and public accountability, and to avoid regulatory fragmentation.
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Tamašauskaitė, Živilė. "Interneto savireguliacija Lietuvoje ir jos teisinės prielaidos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060321_091727-24711.
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Magistriniame darbe analizuojami alternatyvaus valstybės reguliavimui modelio – savireguliacijos - pritaikymo interneto erdvėje aspektai. Siekiama pagrįsti arba paneigti interneto savireguliacijos idėją, pateikiant Europos valstybių interneto savireguliacijos kodeksų pavyzdžius bei Jungtinių Amerikos Valstijų teismų sprendimuose įtvirtintos savireguliacijos bendrąsias tendencijas.The aim of this study is to analyse the suitability of self-regulation mechanism to alter internet regulation executed by the state. In order to motivate or to negate the idea of internet self-regulation, analysis is based on the internet codes of conduct in European countries as well as on the basic internet self-regulation tendencies embedded in the decisions of the courts in the United States of America. The status of the subjects - internet service providers, internet content providers and consumers - participating in the internet self-regulation process is defined in the third part of the study. Finally, the author is concerned with the possibility to embody internet self-regulation model in Lithuania and with the problems of this embodiment.
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Högfors, Frida. "Human Trafficking : International Law and the Regulation of Sexual Exploitationof Women on the Internet." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86526.
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Nordström, Michael, and Sergej Sevcenko. "Internet Privacy : A look into the construct of Privacy Knowledge." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Marketing and Logistics, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-18313.
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Background: With the increasing use of personalized marketing and the increasing ability to collect information on consumers, the consumers’ concern of privacy is increasing. Therefore it is important to understand what effects privacy concern, and how marketers can minimize this concern. Previous research suggest that factors such as computer knowledge, internet knowledge, and regulation awareness all affect privacy concern, however we believe that these are all related to each other in a construct we call Privacy Knowledge. Purpose: To investigate the construct of Privacy Knowledge and to what degree it influences a consumer’s attitude towards informational privacy. Method: In order to validate the Privacy Knowledge construct and measure its relationship to Privacy Concern we employed a deductive methodology which was comprised of questionnaires. The questionnaires were composed of summative Likert Scales, three of which had been previous validated by previous research. We utilized a quota sampling technique in order to gather enough data from each age group. The results were then analyzed by tools such as Factor Analysis, ANOVA tests, and Multiple Regression Analysis. Conclusion: Through the Factor Analysis we found that the factors Internet Knowledge, Computer Knowledge, and Regulation Awareness were better organized as Basic IT Knowledge, Advanced IT Knowledge and Regulation Awareness. Privacy Knowledge was found to be positively related to Privacy Concern. However we could only conclude of the three factors which make up Privacy Knowledge, Basic IT Knowledge had an effect on Privacy Concern. We believe this is due to the exclusion of other factors affecting Privacy Concern such as situational factors and suggest conducting further research on the matter including these variables.
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Nyachowe, Pasno N. "The regulation of domain name disputes in South Africa." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/351.
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This treatise provides an overview of the procedures for the registration, regulation and protection of Internet domain names. An analysis of legal rules applicable to domain names and problems related to the protection of domain names in South Africa, United State, United Kingdom and internationally is undertaken. The problems includes cybersquatting, misuse of personal names, reverse domain hijacking, misuse of meta tags and keywords. The treatise established possible solutions applicable to South Africa by investigating how other countries have dealt with such problems, and further investigated the extent to which South African legislation is suited to deal with such problems. An investigation of the regulation in terms of the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act 25 of 2002 is briefly attempted, and proposals for the future on the South African domain name system suggested.
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Lucchi, Nicola. "The role of Internet access in enabling individual’s rights and freedoms." Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Redovisning och Rättsvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-21576.
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The paper discusses the scientific and policy debate as to whether access to the Internet can be considered so fundamental for human interaction as to deserve a special legal protection. In particular, it examines the impact of computer-mediated communication on the realization of individual’s rights and freedoms as well as on democratization processes. It then considers how Internet content governance is posing regulatory issues directly related to the growing importance of an equitable access to digital information. In this regard, the paper looks at conflicts arising within the systems of rights and obligations attached to communication (and especially content provision) over the Internet. The paper finally concludes by identifying emerging tensions and drawing out the implications for the nature and definitions of rights (e.g. of communication and access, but also of intellectual property ownership) and for regulations and actions taken to protect, promote or qualify those rights. All these points are illustrated by a series of recent examples.
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Tokunaga, Robert Shota. "Engagement with Novel Internet Technologies: The Role of Perceived Novelty in the Development of the Deficient Self-Regulation of Internet use and Media Habits." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/238658.
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This dissertation attempts to expand our understanding of the deficient self-regulation (DSR) of Internet use and media habit development. Drawing from a social cognitive perspective, DSR is described as lapses in effective self-control that are self-corrected over time. A shortcoming in this area of research is that factors relevant to the technology that may encourage the development of DSR or media habits are rarely, if ever, discussed. A large focus of existing research is instead narrowly placed on individual factors that motivate DSR and media habits. An extension is proposed to theory on DSR in this dissertation by examining the role played by novelty perceptions of technology. In the initial stages of technology use, when perceptions of novelty generally grow, perceived novelty is hypothesized to elicit a state of flow, which in turn diminishes the subfunctions of self-regulation and provokes DSR. The relationship between perceived novelty and flow is moderated by psychosocial problems, boredom proneness, and self-reactive outcome expectation. As perceived novelty of a technology decreases, it is presumed that self-control is restored given that flow no longer inhibits self-regulation. However, DSR and media habits are hypothesized to persist in later technology use if individuals experience psychosocial problems, boredom proneness, or high self-reactive outcome expectations. The manifestation of DSR in later stages of technology use increases the likelihood of forming media habits. The influence of novelty perceptions was evaluated on flow, DSR, and media habits at initial and later stages of technology use. The pretest demonstrated that a novelty frame successfully manipulated novelty perceptions of Second Life, the technology used in this experiment, in anticipated directions. In the main study, perceived novelty resulted in flow, which in turn predicted growth of DSR during initial stages of Second Life use. In the familiar stages of use, DSR led to the development of media habits over time; however, the relationship between novelty perceptions and DSR was not moderated by psychosocial problems, boredom proneness, or self-reactive outcome expectation. The findings of this investigation are discussed aside their implications for research, theory, and practice.
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Leslie, Daniel A. "Anti-cyberlaundering regulation and control." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2346_1362391049.
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This paper is inspired by the ills borne out of the internet. The internet has become a modern day tool for criminals seeking to conceal the proceeds derived from their crime, hence the
problematic notion of cyberlaundering. This paper journeys through the world of cyberlaundering by looking into the structure of the crime in great depth. It explores various possibilities, and tries to hatch out viable solutions to the dilemma.
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McIntyre, Thomas Jeremiah. "Internet blocking law and governance in the United Kingdom : an examination of the Cleanfeed system." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17971.
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This thesis examines the legal and governance issues presented by internet blocking (“filtering”) systems through the use of the United Kingdom’s Cleanfeed system as a national case study. The Cleanfeed system – which aims to block access to child abuse images – has been influential both domestically and internationally but has been the subject of relatively little sustained scrutiny in the literature. Using a mixed doctrinal and empirical methodology this work discusses the evolution of Cleanfeed and considers the way in which government pressure has led to a private body without any express legislative basis (the Internet Watch Foundation) being given the power to control what UK internet users can view. The thesis argues that the Cleanfeed system sits at the intersection of three distinct trends – the use of architectural regulation, regulation through intermediaries and self-regulation – which individually and collectively present significant risks for freedom of expression and good governance online. It goes on to identify and examine the fundamental rights norms and governance standards which should apply to internet blocking and tests the system against them, arguing in particular that Cleanfeed fails to meet the requirements developed by the European Court of Human Rights under Articles 6 and 10 ECHR. It considers the extent to which Cleanfeed might be made amenable to these principles through the use of judicial review or actions under the Human Rights Act 1998 and concludes that the diffuse structure of the system and the limited availability of horizontal effect against private bodies will leave significant aspects beyond the effective reach of the courts. This work also assesses claims that the Cleanfeed system is a proof of concept which should be extended so as to block other material considered objectionable (such as websites which “glorify terrorism”). It argues that the peculiar features of the system mean that it represents a best case scenario and does not support blocking of other types of content which are significantly more problematic. The thesis concludes by considering proposals for reform of the Cleanfeed system and the extent to which greater public law oversight might undermine the desirable features associated with self-regulation.
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Augustinaitytė, Milda. "Nelegalaus ir neleistino interneto turinio reglamentavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20050518_111840-44798.
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The more Internet is used for lawful economical and social communication, the more space appears for possible illegal activities.
The freedom of speech in the Internet is a very important condition to maintain the democracy. Despite this, freedom of speech can be limited in behalf of the other essential human rights.
One of the most important reasons to control the freedom of speech in the Internet - is to protect children and minorities from the illegal and harmful content.
It is essential to stop child pornography , to prevent the society from xenophobic and racist hatreds spreading on the Internet.
The illegal spreading of spam, which contain illegal commercial information about drugs, alcohol and tobacco is also the target of regulation and control.
While researching the giving topics, we came to the conclusion that legal regulation of Internet content has features of globalism and unification. This tendency comes out of the specific architecture of the Internet, that allows the users of the Internet ignore the borders of the national states. We raised a question: do national states have to comply to the global nature of the Internet and to regulate Internet using international legal standards and sacrify their own national tendencies of regulation?
We noticed that it is impossible to expect the legal regulation of the Internet will become united because of the cultural, economical, political and social divergences among the national countries.
As we admitted... [to full text]The more Internet is used for lawful economical and social communication, the more space appears for possible illegal activities. The freedom of speech in the Internet is a very important condition to maintain the democracy. Despite this, freedom of speech can be limited in behalf of the other essential human rights. One of the most important reasons to control the freedom of speech in the Internet - is to protect children and minorities from the illegal and harmful content. It is essential to stop child pornography , to prevent the society from xenophobic and racist hatreds spreading on the Internet.
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Cooper, Alissa. "How regulation and competition influence discrimination in broadband traffic management : a comparative study of net neutrality in the United States and the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:757d85af-ec4d-4d8a-86ab-4dec86dab568.
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Telecommunications policy debates concerning the contentious issue of net neutrality have revolved around a number of broadband network operator behaviors, including discriminatory traffic management – differential treatment of network traffic associated with different Internet applications for the purpose of managing performance. Some stakeholders have advocated for regulatory intervention to prevent network operators from discriminating to the detriment of independent application innovation. Others would prefer to rely on competition between network operators to discipline operator behavior. Fixed-line broadband markets in the United Kingdom and the United States have differed substantially with respect to discrimination, competition, and regulation. The UK has experienced intense competition and pervasive discriminatory traffic management without triggering regulatory activity. The US has seen much less discrimination, limited competition, and regulatory threat followed by regulatory intervention. This thesis uses elite interviews, participant observation, and documentary analysis in a comparative study of these two cases between the mid-2000s and 2011 to determine why network operators take up discriminatory traffic management (or not) and how competition and the regulatory environment affect traffic management outcomes. This thesis demonstrates that network operators take up discriminatory traffic management primarily to control cost, performance, or both. Competition promotes rather than deters discrimination because it drives broadband prices down, encouraging operators to manage high-volume applications whose traffic incurs high costs. Regulatory threat can be sufficient to counteract these desires, but in its absence and without concerns vocalized by interest groups, discriminatory approaches endure. Telecommunications regulators intervene to safeguard nondiscrimination when they conceive of their remits as encompassing social and industrial policymaking, are ambivalent about litigation risk, and are driven by their leaders’ reputational agendas, as in the case of the Federal Communications Commission. With a narrower perception of its remit and more concern for its organizational reputation, Ofcom exemplifies the characteristics that inhibit traffic management regulation.
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Dracinschi, Anca. "Contrôle de congestion dans Internet : un mécanisme unifié pour prévenir la congestion des flots unicast et multicast." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066145.
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Alhussein, Nawras. "Privacy by Design & Internet of Things: managing privacy." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20590.
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Personlig integritet motsvarar det engelska begreppet privacy, som kan uttryckas som rätten att få bli lämnad ifred. Det har ifrågasatts många gånger om personlig integritet verkligen finns på internet, speciellt i Internet of Things-system eller smarta system som de också kallas. Fler frågor ställs i samband med att den nya allmänna dataskyddsförordningen inom europeiska unionen börjar gälla i maj. I detta arbete studeras privacy by design-arbetssättet som den allmänna dataskyddsförordningen (GDPR) bland annat kommer med. I studien besvaras om privacy by design kommer kunna öka skyddet av den personliga integriteten i Internet of Things-system. För- och nackdelar tas upp och hur företag och vanliga användare påverkas. Genom en litteraturstudie och två intervjuer har frågan kunnat besvaras. Det visade sig att en stor del av problematiken inom Internet of Things avseende personlig integritet kan lösas genom att styra data. I privacy by design-arbetssättet ingår att skydda data i alla tillstånd genom olika metoder som kryptering. På det sättet bidrar privacy by design till ökad säkerhet inom Internet of Things-system.Privacy means the right to be left alone. It has been questioned many times if privacy really exists on the internet, especially in Internet of Things systems or smart systems as they are also called. More questions occur when the new general data protection regulation (GDPR) within the European Union applies in May. In this paper privacy by design that the general data protection regulation comes with is being studied. This study answers whether privacy by design will be able to increase the protection of privacy in Internet of Things systems. Advantages and disadvantages are also addressed and how companies and common users are affected by the implementation of privacy by design. The question has been answered by a literature review and two interviews. It turned out that a significant part of the problems in Internet of Things regarding privacy may be solved by data management. The privacy by design includes protection of data in all states through different methods such as encryption. In this way, privacy by design contributes to increased security within Internet of Things system.
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Wagner, Andrew T. "The economic consequences of network neutrality regulation." Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/13598.
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Master of ArtsDepartment of Economics
Dennis L. Weisman
The Internet is a network that consists of content providers and users connected to each other through the communication lines managed by network providers. Network neutrality rules are designed to protect independent content providers from unjust discrimination by network providers. This report explores the economic rationale for net neutrality rules, how the regulation should be enforced, and its potential effects on competition. The report finds that net neutrality encourages competition among content providers by subsidizing content provider access but concentrates the market for network providers by forcing network providers to compete primarily through price competition. It considers this to be a beneficial arrangement for economic growth, but observes that there is a potential for all sides of the market to be subsidized by advertiser fees. It also shows that despite the Federal Communications Commission's heavy involvement with network neutrality rules, these rules are actually based in a long history of antitrust regulation. It concludes, however, that the current regulatory environment is sufficient for enforcing net neutrality rules.
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Jánová, Jitka. "Regulace internetové reklamy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72152.
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The diploma thesis deals with the current internet advertising legislation and self-regulation and provides a summary of the internet advertising forms. For analysis the thesis uses the standards of national and international self-regulatory organisations and complements them with Czech legislation. The thesis compiles and compares particular standards and legislation and on this basis it reviews the current state of advertising regulation, discusses the necessity of legal regulation and efficiency of self-regulation.
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Guimard, Alexandre. "Economie et régulation des réseaux : urbanisation, télécommunications et Internet." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN016/document.
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Cette thèse par articles se compose de trois chapitres. Le premier chapitre traite principalement de l’urbanisation. Il apporte un éclairage sur l’histoire des villes ainsi que sur les évolutions futures attendues. Ainsi, cet aperçu permet de comprendre les grands enjeux pour les décideurs publics concernés par les problèmes de congestion, de pollution, d’étalement urbain, etc. Les phénomènes d’urbanisation comme l’étalement urbain accentuent les enjeux de financement des nouvelles infrastructures de réseaux de télécommunications dans les zones rurales impactées par la hausse du taux d’urbanisation. Les problématiques spécifiques au secteur des transports trouvent aussi leur transposition dans le domaine des réseaux de télécommunications. Un certain nombre d’enseignements issus des politiques de transport peuvent donc être tirés pour la régulation des télécommunications. Le deuxième chapitre vise à répondre à la problématique du financement de nouvelles infrastructures de réseaux. Pour cela, trois essais sont proposés. Dans le premier essai, il est démontré que la menace crédible par l’État du déploiement d’une nouvelle infrastructure de réseaux peut inciter les acteurs privés à investir dans de nouvelles technologies de réseaux. Cette politique incitative n’est pas suffisante. Elle doit s’accompagner d’une politique de régulation de l’accès. Dans le deuxième essai, il est notamment démontré que le prix de l’accès aux infrastructures de réseaux doit intégrer une prime de risque afin que les acteurs privés soient totalement rémunérés pour le risque d’investissement et qu’ils continuent d’être incités à investir dans le futur. Le cadre conceptuel appliqué au marché du Qatar permet d’estimer la prime de risque selon divers scénarii. Enfin, le troisième essai propose une nouvelle approche de régulation pour traiter de la Neutralité du Net. En particulier, il est démontré que des pauses réglementaires (regulatory holidays en anglais) des règles de la Neutralité du Net pourraient s’avérer utiles. En effet, une pause réglementaire de certains principes stricts de la Neutralité du Net permettrait à un opérateur de vendre, pour une période limitée, des capacités supplémentaires aux fournisseurs de contenus et services. A l’issu de cette période, la capacité supplémentaire du réseau pourrait être réallouée à l’ensemble des services Internet soumis au régime du Best-Effort. Ainsi, il est démontré que cette régulation permettrait à la fois d’inciter les fournisseurs d’accès à Internet à investir mais aussi d’assurer une qualité de service relative constante sur Internet. Le troisième chapitre traite de l’effet des bloqueurs de publicités sur le marché de l’Internet. Le modèle théorique met en évidence les effets opposés de la publicité sur les réseaux de télécommunications : la publicité congestionne les réseaux mais permet également de promouvoir la diversité des contenus proposés aux consommateurs. Ainsi, il est démontré que le fournisseur d’accès à Internet peut être incité à intégrer un bloqueur de publicités, ce qui est sous certaines conditions socialement souhaitable du point de vue du bien-être collectifThis PhD thesis consists of three chapters.The first chapter deals with urbanization. A brief history and forecast of cities are highlighted. This overview explains current and upcoming issues in cities, such as congestion, air pollution, urban sprawl, etc. Urban sprawl, among other things, accentuates the question of how to finance network infrastructures such as telecommunications networks at the local loop level in sparsely populated areas. Specific urban policies can be transposed to telecommunications. Some lessons are valuable to regulate this sector.The second chapter is focuses on funding new telecommunications networks. Three articles are put forth. In the first one, it is shown that the credible threat of a State-owned network can be an incentive for private players to invest in a next-generation access. This incentive regulation, however, does not suffice. It should be accompanied by dedicated access regulation. In the second article, it is shown that the regulated access price must include a risk premium to compensate the incumbent for the investment risk of asymmetric regulation. The proposed theoretical framework applies to the Qatari fixed market. Finally, in the third article, a new regulatory approach is put forth to address the issue of Net Neutrality, in particular, regulatory holidays of Net Neutrality rules can be relevant. This innovative approach would allow an Internet Service Provider, to sell, for a given time period, additional bandwidth to content and service providers. At the end of the period, additional bandwidth could be re-allocated to the Open Internet that functions under the Best-Effort regime. Hence, it is shown that this regulatory approach could be an incentive for Internet service providers to invest in more bandwidth but it would also guarantee, in the long run, a given level of quality of service for Internet services.The third chapter deals with the effect of ad blocking on the Internet. The proposed theoretical model highlights the opposite effects of ad blocking on telecommunications networks: on the one hand, ad blocking reduces network congestion, on the other hand, ad blocking increases available content diversity over the Internet. In consequence, Internet service providers have an incentive to integrate an ad blocker, which can be welfare enhancing under certain specific conditions
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Meier, Christoph. "The overlooked option : self-regulation in infrastructure industries /." Lohmar [u.a.] : Eul, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2771982&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Belli, Luca. "De la gouvernance à la régulation de l'internet." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020095.
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Кущ, В. В., Наталія Анатоліївна Маринів, Наталия Анатольевна Марынив, and Nataliia Anatoliivna Maryniv. "Проблеми правового регулювання Інтернет-ЗМІ." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31769.
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Завдяки максимальній швидкості публікації нової інформації та доступу до неї, інтернет має велику перевагу перед іншими носіями інформації. Темп сучасного життя тяжіє саме до такого миттєвого отримання інформації та подолання бар’єрів у часі й просторі.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31769The article covers the main problems of normative regulation of Internet publications and determine their legal status in Ukraine. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/31769
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Gillen, M. C. "Staking a claim on cyberspace : effective regulation of the Internet : a case for a return to community values." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426727.
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Kim, You-Seung. "Freedom and regulation on the information superhighway : a study of the Internet content rating system in South Korea." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444937/.
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This PhD thesis aims to explore issues relating to Internet content regulation and the methods of dealing with illegal and harmful content on the Internet. Firstly, the thesis begins with a discussion of the theoretical issues relating to freedom and regulation on the Internet. Debates over freedom of expression and governmental regulation on the Internet are critically appraised through case studies in the US, Australia, China, the UK and the EU. Furthermore, the notion of Internet self/co-regulation and its advantages and drawbacks are considered. Issues relating to the implementation of co-regulation regarding Internet content are also explored. Secondly, detailed technical reviews and critiques of the Internet content filtering and rating systems are conducted. Two US legal cases that deal with filtering software issues are discussed. Ten stand-alone filtering software products are reviewed in order to examine how the filtering technologies are applied to commercial products in practice. Three leading Internet content rating systems are also examined. Thirdly, close attention is paid to Internet content regulation in South Korea. Its significant Internet usage and infrastructure are explored. A mandatory Internet content rating system in use in South Korea is analysed and situated within a broader context. Its impacts on actual Internet contents are researched through case studies and a survey. The thesis concludes by examining the theoretical potential for better solutions to the controversial issues of freedom of expression and regulation on the Internet. Finally, a number of policy proposals concerning Internet content regulation are critically discussed and a number of recommendations are made.
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Díaz, García Amanda. "The positive affect regulation in an online transdiagnostic protocol for emotional disorders." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665318.
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The general objective of the present dissertation was to analyze, in a randomized controlled study, the efficacy of a transdiagnostic Internet-based treatment for emotional disorders (ED) in a community sample. This study aims to contribute to the literature on the efficacy of transdiagnostic approaches to ED in general, and it more specifically
seeks to explore the possible impact of a specific component designed to up-regulate PA. Combining a transdiagnostic approach with an online therapy format, and adding the specific component for PA, may help to achieve a clear impact on the design and application of future transdiagnostic treatment protocols for ED, as a way to
more effectively address the temperament vulnerabilities, that is, the core aspects of these disorders. Furthermore, this intervention could contribute to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of current psychological treatment programs, promoting the dissemination of evidence-based treatments, and helping to decrease the high prevalence of ED.El objetivo general de la presente tesis doctoral fue estudiar la eficacia de un tratamiento transdiagnóstico basado en Internet para el tratamiento de los trastornos emocionales (TE) en una muestra comunitaria. Este estudio pretende contribuir a la literatura sobre la eficacia de los enfoques transdiagnósticos para los TE en general, y más específicamente busca explorar el posible impacto de un componente específico diseñado para regular el afecto positivo (AP). Combinando un enfoque transdiagnóstico en formato online con la adición de dicho componente, quizá se pueda lograr un impacto en el diseño y aplicación de futuros protocolos de tratamiento transdiagnóstico, abordando más eficazmente las vulnerabilidades del temperamento, aspecto central en estos trastornos. Además, esta intervención podría contribuir a mejorar la eficiencia y la eficacia de los actuales programas de tratamiento psicológico, promoviendo la difusión de tratamientos basados en la evidencia y ayudando a disminuir la alta prevalencia de los TE.
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Carvalho, Ana Cristina Azevedo Pontes de. "Direito de informação no espaço virtual da internet: consolidação da cidadania." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2013. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1278.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-16The innovations in the exercise of citizenship after the evolution of technology lead to reflections in the Law area, concerning information, liberty of expression and respect to private life. The use of cyberspace as a way to practice juridical acts was transformed by the creation and popularization of internet, which made possible the information process as no other way of communication could ever have done, due to the fact that it allowed people to inform, be informed and keep informed in an easier way. The modern conception of citizenship requires, not only solidarity to demand the rights for which the whole society is interested, but also covers the needing that all people have access to technology, otherwise it would make very difficult to exercise their rights. Inserted in the research area Citizenship Modeling the State , due to the needing of revision and consolidation of the concept of citizenship and the rising importance of the right to information, when internet plays a preponderant role on citizens life, the objectives of this thesis are: to analyze the role of the right to information on the cyberspace, reflecting about how it models the performance of the State and leads to the exercise of an active citizenship, modernizing democracy, and also to evaluate if this right is present in the construction of the rules for a civil regulation of the internet. The methodology comprehended a documental research, using both national and foreign literature, and also the current legal rules, the Law Project (and Substitutive) that intends to create the Civil Regulation of Internet and the case law, based on the literature of authors such as Alexy, Bucci, Castells, Dahl, Dworkin, Lévy and Pinsky. This thesis was divided in three chapters: the first one regards the transformations of society, related to the right to information; the second one studies the internet and its role on the exercise of citizenship; the third one analyzes how the creation of a civil regulation of internet in Brazil may promote the exercise of the right to information and consolidate citizenship. It was supported that the rules regarding the exercise of the right to information and applicable to the cyberspace of internet may consolidate citizenship, concluding that the Law Project 2.126/11 (and Substitutive) contains the main rules in order to cover these objectives, as an effective public policy related to the exercise of citizenship.
As inovações no exercício da cidadania, com a evolução da tecnologia, propiciam reflexões no campo jurídico, que conduzem a olhares cruzados entre informação, liberdade de expressão e respeito à vida privada. A utilização do espaço virtual como meio de prática de atos jurídicos não só foi revolucionada após o surgimento e a popularização da internet, mas também viabilizou o processo de informação como nenhum outro meio de comunicação poderia fazer, ao permitir que as pessoas informem, informem-se e se mantenham informadas com maior velocidade. A concepção contemporânea de cidadania requer, não apenas solidariedade para pleitear os direitos de interesse da sociedade, mas já abrange também a necessidade de que todos tenham acesso à internet, sob pena de dificultar sobremaneira o exercício dos seus direitos. Enquadrada na linha de pesquisa A Cidadania Modelando o Estado , ante a patente necessidade de revisão e consolidação do conceito de cidadania e a crescente importância do direito de informação, quando a internet passa a ocupar um papel preponderante no dia-a-dia dos cidadãos, a presente tese tem, por objetivos, analisar o papel do direito de informação no espaço virtual da internet, refletindo sobre como ele modela a atuação do Estado e conduz ao exercício de uma cidadania ativa, modernizando a democracia, e também avaliar como esse direito está presente na construção das normas jurídicas para um marco civil da internet. A metodologia compreendeu uma pesquisa documental, utilizando a literatura nacional e estrangeira, além das normas jurídicas em vigor e do projeto de lei (e Substitutivo) que pretende instituir o Marco Civil da Internet e da jurisprudência, e o marco teórico foi baseado na doutrina de autores como Alexy, Bucci, Castells, Dahl, Dworkin, Lévy e Pinsky. Esta tese foi dividida em três capítulos: o primeiro trata das transformações da sociedade, relacionadas ao direito de informação; o segundo estuda a internet e o seu papel no exercício da cidadania; o terceiro analisa como a criação de um marco civil da internet no Brasil pode promover o exercício do direito de informação e a consolidação da cidadania. Sustentou-se que as normas jurídicas relativas ao exercício do direito de informação e aplicáveis ao espaço virtual da internet podem consolidar a cidadania, concluindo que o Projeto de Lei 2.126/11 (e Substitutivo) contempla as principais regras no sentido de concretizar tais ideais, constituindo uma verdadeira política pública direcionada ao exercício do direito de informação e da cidadania.
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Palacín, Mateo Manuel. "The Internet ecosystem: a traffic measurement analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/326736.
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The analysis of the interconnection status-quo between content providers and Internet Service Providers (ISPs) is essential to understand the evolution of the Internet ecosystem. In the last years we have witnessed a spectacular increase of Internet traffic, especially multimedia content, which has driven both content providers and operators to rethink their interconnection models. This thesis performs an extensive traffic analysis from two perspectives to understand the rationale behind the Internet players. First, we analyse the traffic from the perspective of the evolution of the Internet protocols. Analyzing the protocols we pretend to observe whether the traffic pattern has changed while new applications have emerged and the demand have exploded. Second, we collect a dataset of Internet traces to evaluate the connectivity between access ISPs and the most popular content providers. Analyzing the Internet traces we want to identify the correlations in the interconnection models that different Internet players use.El análisis de las interconexiones entre proveedores de contenidos y operadores de Internet es esencial para entender la evolución del ecosistema de Internet. En los últimos años hemos sido testigos de un espectacular crecimiento del tráfico multimedia que ha llevado tanto a los proveedores de contenidos como a los operadores a replantearse sus modelos de interconexión. En esta tesis se realiza un análisis del tráfico de Internet des de dos perspectivas. Primero, se analiza el tráfico desde una perspectiva de los protocolos. Gracias al análisis de los protocolos se observa cómo ha cambiado el tráfico debido a la irrupción de nuevas aplicaciones y al incremento de la demanda de Internet. Segundo, se han realizado medidas que nos permite evaluar la conectividad entre diferentes operadores y proveedores de contenidos. El análisis de estos datos nos permite identificar correlaciones entre los diferentes modelos de interconexión que utilizan los operadores.
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Gola, Romain. "La régulation de l'internet : noms de domaine et droit des marques." Thèse, Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2766.
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Les conflits entre les noms de domaine et les marques de commerce surgissent essentiellement par manque de coordination entre le système d'enregistrement des noms de domaine et celui des marques. Les marques sont enregistrées par des autorités publiques gouvernementales et les droits qui en découlent ne peuvent s'exercer que sur le territoire du pays d'origine. Le système d'enregistrement des noms de domaine, basé sur la règle "du premier arrivé, premier servi", ne connaît pas de limites géographiques et ignore le principe de spécialité propre aux marques de commerce. L'absence de lien entre ces deux systèmes a permis, l'enregistrement comme noms de domaine par des tiers, de marques de commerce de renom suscitant la confusion quant aux origines des sites. Le nom de domaine constitue un nouveau signe distinctif se situant à la frontière de la régulation technique et du contenu et représente le cadre idéal pour étudier les fondements légitimes de l'intervention du droit dans le cyberespace. En effet, le système des noms de domaine se construit autour de choix et de contraintes techniques dont les concepteurs n'imaginaient pas qu'ils deviendraient la source d'un important contentieux. Les noms de domaine, portes d'accès au réseau, font l'objet d'une tentative de régulation qui concilie les forces contraires de l' ''aterritorialité'' des noms de domaine, avec la "territorialité" des marques de commerce. Cette régulation repose sur la synergie entre l'architecture technique, les normes sociales, l'autoréglementation, le marché et la loi et se présente comme un laboratoire d'idées pour une définition de la régulation de l'Internet. La problématique des noms de domaine et des marques de commerce, constitue une application pratique de cette "corégulation" et amorce ainsi une évolution juridique, facteur de construction du droit sur l'Internet.Conflicts between domain names and trademarks law, mainly arise from the lack of coordination between their registration processes. The choice and registration of domain names is not subject to any formal regulation and is established on a "first-come first-serve" basis and trademarks are instead subject to a statutory system. Moreover, an important difference between trademarks and domain names is the scope of their reach. Domain names have an instantaneous transnational presence, while trademark law depends on a legislative territory. When a trademark holder wishes to establish himself on the Internet, the holder is sometimes confronted with the fact that someone has already registered a domain name using his own mark. Domain names, as new commercial identifiers, are gateways to web sites and have become one of the most contentious legal issues on the Internet. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to study the legal interactions in cyberspace in order to find solutions on how they should be handled. The Domain Name System (DNS) is an ideal framework to do so. The current controversy over the Internet’s DNS raises important questions about how the Internet should be administered and governed. A Governance, resulting from the synergy between the technical architecture, social norms, self-regulation, contracts and the law, is not unique to cyberspace. However, the conflict between domain names and trademarks c1early shows the need to search for new directions and develop policy cooperation (or regulated self regulation) in order to predict, establish and monitor the rules governing the Internet.
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Martínez, Santos Fernando. "Competition and Regulation in the Retail Broadband Sector: a Holistic Approach for Pricing Policies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/320177.
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This thesis analyses the pricing policies used by operators when they establish broadband tariffs. The studies draw on datasets that combine broadband plans’ characteristics and tariffs with other sources of data at country level to reflect the market structure and regulation activity. The pricing models in this dissertation share the common thread of using three groups of variables to explain the level of broadband prices: 1- the characteristics of the broadband service, 2- the operators’ commercial strategies, and 3- the market structure and regulatory policies implemented. The pricing models are estimated using the following econometric techniques: pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) with country and time fixed effects, and two stage least squares (2SLS, instrumental variable techniques).
The level of broadband prices concerns both national governments and international organisations, and this dissertation contributes to provide some guidance to regulators and competition authorities, helping them in the implementation of policies so as to foster competition in the market and ultimately stimulate the diffusion of broadband services.
The first thesis chapter analyses the determinants of broadband Internet access prices in a group of 15 EU countries between 2008 and 2011. Using a rich panel data set of broadband plans, it is shown how downstream speed (Mbps) increases prices, and that the price per Mbps of cable modem and fibre technologies is lower than that of xDSL. Operators’ marketing strategies are also analysed as it is shown how much prices rise when the broadband service is offered in a bundle with voice telephony and/or television, and how much they fall when download volume caps are included. The most insightful results of this study are provided by a group of metrics that represent the situation of competition and entry patterns in the broadband market. It is found that consumer segmentation positively affects prices. Moreover, broadband prices are higher in countries where entrants make greater use of bitstream access and lower in countries where there is an intensive use of direct access (local loop unbundling). However, there is not a significant impact of inter-platform competition on prices.
The second chapter analyses the strategies adopted by mobile operators when they set the prices of broadband plans. It is explained that operators design multi-tier price schemes in order to segment consumers according to their preferences. Operators usually offer only a few unlimited usage contracts and three-part tariffs for data limited plans. In the later case, the tariff includes an access fee, a usage allowance (the number of GB that consumers can use for free), and a penalty system for the case in which consumers exceed the contracted allowance. The empirical model shows that the prices of usage based contracts are lower than those of unlimited contracts, and that the monthly price depends on the type of penalty included in the plan. The prices also depend on other characteristics of the service such as the provided technology, the download speed and the telephone call allowances. It is also explained that most plans bundle mobile broadband plans with smartphones. This type of plans last longer and might be more expensive than the plans that only include the SIM card. Specifically, it is shown that the monthly price of the broadband service is more expensive when the plan includes an iPhone or a Samsung. Moreover, it is found that the monthly prices are higher when the plan includes a discount for the acquisition of the smarthphone. Finally, this chapter also studies the effects of market structure and entry regulation on prices and shows that mobile virtual operators have helped to reduce prices.
The third chapter studies the mobile broadband market in Spain. The mobile broadband service has experienced a strong expansion in Spain, reaching a penetration of over 70% of the population at the beginning of 2014. This growth can be explained by the benefits that offer the third and the fourth generation of mobile technology, and by the continuous price reductions. In spite of this, prices in Spain are still higher than the European average. This chapter explains the process of technological innovation that has allowed the emergence of mobile broadband, and its launch in Spain. New commercial strategies used by mobile operators, such as bundling and plans that include fixed and mobile services are examined. The analysis shows that the presence of mobile virtual network operators and bundling have been effective in fostering competition and reducing prices. It is also discussed how technological convergence between fixed and mobile services has promoted restructuring and market concentration.
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Peyton, Tracy Arnold. "Motivation and self-regulation of learning strategies on student performance in online courses." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000056.
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Ramos, Pedro Henrique Soares. "Arquitetura da rede e regulação: a neutralidade da rede no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13673.
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This thesis presents an analytical framework for the network neutrality regulation in Brazil, as set forth in ACT n. 12.965, which has been internationally recognized as the 'Marco Civil'. The research strategy involves mapping the main tensions and debates emerging from the subject in Brazil and an examination of the costs and benefits involved with the regulation of this principle. Chapter I presents a literature review, organizing the main positions in different categories according to a regulatory perspective. Chapter 2 presents a descriptive map of the institutional matrix of net neutrality in Brazil, encompassing the regulatory framework, the interest groups and how these elements made influence on the development of Marco Civil. Chapter 3 presents an exercise of interpretative framework for net neutrality regulation in Brazil, based on different methods of legal interpretation. Chapter 4 follows on with this exercise, examining the relationship between the net neutrality obligation set forth in Marco Civil and two specific cases, which are the emergence of complex business models on the network layer of the internet and zero-rating initiatives. Finally, Chapter 5 presents a perspective regulatory framework for regulators that will have to deal with the enforcement of Marco Civil.
Esta dissertação apresenta um modelo de análise dogmático para a aplicação do princípio da neutralidade da rede no país, na forma como se encontra regulado pela Lei n. 12.965, conhecida como o Marco Civil da Internet. A metodologia utilizada por este trabalho envolve o mapeamento dos principais debates e tensões que emergem sobre a regulação do tema no Brasil e em outros países, bem como a avaliação dos custos e benefícios envolvidos com diferentes aplicações do princípio da neutralidade da rede. O capítulo 1 traz uma revisão e organização da literatura sobre neutralidade da rede, propondo uma classificação de diferentes correntes e posições de acordo com sua perspectiva regulatória. O capítulo 2 apresenta um mapeamento da matriz institucional por trás da discussão sobre o tema no Brasil, avaliando o arcabouço regulatório, o posicionamento dos atores e de que forma essa matriz exerceu influência na construção colaborativa da redação da neutralidade da rede no Marco Civil. O capítulo 3 oferece um exercício de interpretação dogmática da regra aprovada no Marco Civil, utilizando como métodos diferentes modelos de interpretação. O capítulo 4 continua o exercício hermenêutico proposto no capítulo anterior, analisando de que forma a regulação da neutralidade da rede afeta novos modelos de negócio na camada de infraestrutura da rede, e de que maneira atinge a oferta de planos de acesso à internet que estabeleçam diferentes tarifas de acordo com aplicações específicas. Finalmente, o capítulo 5 utiliza as diversas inferências desenvolvidas nos dois capítulos anteriores para construir m modelo propositivo de como a neutralidade da rede pode ser regulamentada pelo Poder Executivo, à luz do princípio da legalidade.
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Glaad, Daniel. "The Hardcore Restrictions on Internet Distribution under the Regulation 330/2010 : The scope of Objective Justifications and the Double Negative Presumption." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20979.
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This thesis examines the approach and attitude towards restrictions on internet distribution in distribution systems under EU competition law. When the Regulation 330/2010 and the Vertical Guidelines entered into force in 2010 a new level of guidance was given by the Commission on internet distribution. The Vertical Guidelines made an important contribution with its detailed rules but did also leave some questions. In the case C-439/09, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique which came in the late 2011 the COJ gave its first preliminary ruling concerning internet distribution and two of those questions are addressed and examined in this thesis. The Vertical Guidelines state that distributors are generally free to use internet for sale and marketing purposes and the first question regards the scope of objective justifications for restricting internet distribution. The thesis shows that the Commission has taken a quite restrictive approach on restrictions on internet distribution which has, at least partly, been confirmed by the COJ. It is however possible to objectively justify restrictions with reference to foremost health and safety but also due to technically advanced and high quality products. The second question concerns the double presumption rule mentioned in the Vertical Guidelines stating that an agreement containing a hardcore restriction is presumed to infringe Art 101(1) in the TFEU by not being exempted by Regulation 330/2010 and to not fulfill the criteria in Art 101(3) in the TFEU for being individually exempted. The examination of the rule and the analyze of case law gives that the COJ does not seem to take the presumption rule into consideration in regard of internet distribution. The conclusion is however that; restrictions together with any other directly or indirectly outright bans on internet distribution must be carefully constructed and performed.Competition law, Hardcore restrictions, Objective justifications, Internet distribution, Selective distribution, Exclusive distribution, Regulation 330/2010, Double negative presumption
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Robitaille-Froidure, Amélie. "Liberté d’expression et protection du mineur sur Internet : étude comparée des droits français et américain à l’aune du droit européen et international." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100163.
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Consacrée de longue date, la liberté d’expression « sans considération de frontières » prend tout son sens avec le développement et la propagation massive d’Internet. Aussi bénéfique soit-il, ce dernier présente de nombreux risques pour les mineurs. Ceux de ces risques qui existaient déjà sur les médias traditionnels sont très largement amplifiés dans le cyberespace. Parallèlement, les Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication ont entraîné de nouvelles pratiques qui présentent des risques inédits pour les mineurs. Sans imposer un quelconque « cyber paternalisme », les Etats refusent toutefois qu’Internet soit un espace de « non-droit », laissé aux mains des tenants d’un absolu « cyber libertarianisme ». Tentant de concilier au mieux respect de la liberté d’expression et protection des mineurs sur Internet, les Etats sont néanmoins contraints de reconnaître que, dans le cyberespace, la mise en oeuvre de cette conciliation est particulièrement délicateLong-standing renowned, freedom of speech « regardless of frontiers » takes on its full meaning with the development and the massification of the Internet. As beneficial as it might be, the latter presents many risks for children. Among these risks, those which already occured on traditional meadias are emphasised in cyberspace. Simultaneously, Information and Communication Technologies induced new habits that created unprecedented dangers for minors. Though not imposing « cyberpaternalism », States don’t want the Internet to be a lawless space governed by « cyberlibertarians ». Trying to balance freedom of speech and protection of minors on the Internet, States have to admit that in cyberspace such a conciliation is very thorny
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Cruz, Francisco Carvalho de Brito. "Direito, democracia e cultura digital: a experiência de elaboração legislativa do Marco Civil da Internet." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2139/tde-08042016-154010/.
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Este trabalho tem como objeto de pesquisa o processo de consulta pública online para elaboração do Marco Civil da Internet, nova lei que dispõe sobre os direitos dos usuários de Internet no Brasil. Ele busca responder às seguintes perguntas: (i) como foi idealizado processo de consulta pública online do Marco Civil da Internet? (ii) Como a consulta foi gerenciada e executada? (iii) Quais foram os resultados da consulta em termos de soluções jurídicas aos conflitos políticos do setor da Internet? A proposta é realizar uma descrição desta experiência de participação social pela Internet a partir de um mapeamento das contribuições dos cidadãos e instituições, de informações em fontes variadas (imprensa especializada ou não e outros trabalhos acadêmicos) e do confronto deste levantamento com entrevistas dadas pelos gestores do projeto sobre seu planejamento e execução. A pesquisa trabalhou com a hipótese de que a consulta pública online que elaborou o Marco Civil da Internet se colocou como alternativa a um debate instaurado dentro do Congresso Nacional e bloqueado por propostas de lei de enfoque penal. O resultado da pesquisa sugere a confirmação dessa hipótese, bem como a relevância da experiência analisada para o sucesso uma estratégia política de reversão dessa agenda legislativa anterior.Between 2009 and 2011 the Office of Legislative Affairs of the Ministry of Justice (SAL/MJ), in partnership with the Center for Technology and Society at Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV-CTS), organized a virtual platform to collect peoples comments and insights for a new bill that promises to establish a regulatory framework for the Internet: the Marco Civil da Internet. This work aims to describe this experience, addressing the following issues: (i) how the process was created; (ii) how it was managed and operationalized; and (iii) which outputs it produced in terms of legal solutions solving Internet regulation dilemmas. The research tested the hypothesis that the public consultation process revealed a turning point of the Brazilian Internet regulation debate, which was dominated by criminal-related approaches. The study suggests that the hypothesis was correct and that the analyzed experience was relevant in a reexamination of that previous political agenda.
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Mthethwa, Goitsemang. "Internet regulation of harmful content affecting children." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17306.
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Thesis (M.M. (ICT Policy and Regulation))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Public and Development Management, 2014.There are many benefits for children to access the Internet including research for school projects, sharing information and downloading music or movies. However, there are also associated risks of children stumbling onto harmful Internet content including online and child pornography, as well as cyberbullying. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the policies and regulation in addressing harmful and illegal Internet content in South Africa. The study used a phenomenological qualitative research methodology. The conceptual framework adapted Lessig’s 1998 model of Internet regulation to inform analysis of the data. Analysis used the legal, social and technology factors of effective Internet regulation. The economic factor of the framework was not used in the data analysis as it requires an in-depth investigation of price regulation, which is beyond the level of detail required to understand the foundational policy and regulatory issues. The study established that there are gaps in legislation and regulation, in Internet safety education, and in intergovernmental collaboration to educate users. Most legislation is outdated and does not address the technological challenges in regulating the Internet. Another gap is giving service providers a greater obligation for minimising Internet risks affecting children. Furthermore there is lack of technological understanding with respect to regulating the Internet. The study recommends the review of outdated legislation and regulation and the implementation of widespread educational programs. Regulations specifying the design of pornographic websites is recommended. Lastly service providers need to have obligations towards preventing harmful and illegal Internet content
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Kuo, Shu-shan, and 郭書姍. "A Study on European Internet Content Regulation." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80046769697115647722.
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碩士南華大學
歐洲研究所
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The internet has become very popular and common throughout the world. Its special attributes like cross border communication, anonymity and speed have provided benefits for business, entertainment, as well as education. Nonetheless, the experience in the past decade has shown that it also contains certain dangers. Child pornography, extreme violence, hate speech and other illegal and harmful materials can be reached easily on the internet by young users. Various cases have demonstrated that the harm it caused can be very serious. In order to curb these problems, the European Union (EU) established two international organizations (namely INHOPE and INSAVE) and urged member States to strengthen their laws and enforcement. This dissertation analyses the efforts of EU and member States in the fight against illegal and harmful materials on the internet. Focus is placed on how the laws and the enforcement actions collaborated with international non-governmental organizations in dealing with contents relating to child pornography, sexual grooming, hate speech and other harmful materials. Also, a comparison of Taiwanese laws and enforcement is provided.